Patent Grant
11807824
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a composition for and method of making a fuel additive.
Fuels, including gasoline and diesel, are currently used to power vehicles and/or equipment, including cars, trucks, vans, motorcycles, and motorbikes with internal combustion engines. Internal combustion engines combust fuel to produce mechanical force and the subsequent propulsion of vehicles. The combustion of fuel breaks it down into simpler molecules including CO, CO2, NO, NO2, and sulfur compounds. Many of these simpler molecules are atmospheric pollutants. What is needed is a way to prevent, inhibit, or otherwise reduce the formation of these compounds after fuel combustion.
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a composition for a fuel additive, the composition comprising: an anthocyanidin; an amino acid; and a catalyst. In another embodiment, the anthocyanidin comprises delphinidin chloride. In another embodiment, the amino acid comprises aspartic acid. In another embodiment, the amino acid comprises leucine acid. In another embodiment, the amino acid comprises glutamic acid. In another embodiment, the amino acid comprises a non-natural amino acid.
In another embodiment, the catalyst comprises catalase enzyme. In another embodiment, the catalyst comprises glucosidase. In another embodiment, the composition further comprises a neutral-pH enzyme. In another embodiment, the composition further comprises ethanol. In another embodiment, the composition further comprises an acid. In another embodiment, the acid comprises an organic acid. In another embodiment, the acid comprises a weak acid. In another embodiment, the composition is at a pH of less than 7.
The present invention also relates to a method for making a fuel additive, the method comprising: providing an anthocyanidin; contacting the anthocyanidin with an amino acid to form an anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture; contacting the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture with a catalyst. In another embodiment, the method further comprises contacting the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture with ethanol. In another embodiment, the method further comprises contacting the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture with an acid. In another embodiment, the method further comprises adjusting the pH of the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture to less than 7. In another embodiment, the anthocyanidin comprises delphinidin chloride. In another embodiment, the catalyst comprises catalase.
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will be set forth in part in the detailed description to follow, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating one or more embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a fuel additive composition comprising: an anthocyanidin; an amino acid; and a catalyst. The anthocyanidin may comprise delphinidin chloride. The amino acid may comprise aspartic acid, leucine acid, or a combination thereof. The catalyst may comprise catalase enzyme. The fuel additive composition may further comprise an organic acid.
The term “fuel” is defined in the specification and drawings as a compound capable of combusting within a chamber and includes, but is not limited to, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, octane, heptane, pentane, butane, propane, methane, ethanol, or a combination thereof.
As used throughout this application, the term “additive” means one or more compounds or compositions that improves fuel by means including, but not limited to, reducing fuel emissions following fuel combustion, increase fuel efficiency, reducing fuel combustion cost, reducing pre-combustion pollutants and/or impurities, or a combination thereof.
Throughout this application, abbreviations are provided for the combustion metrics of an embodiment of the fuel additive of the present invention. The combustion metric and their associated abbreviations are shown in Table A below.
1measured according to the nondispersive infrared (“NDIR”) gas detection measurement principle
2where the default amount is 0% in a mixture of oil and gas
3measured in accordance to American Society of Mechanical Engineer (“ASME”) standards
4measured in Celsius
5represented as lambda, e.g., 1.25 when the excess of air is 25%
6measured as a ratio of CO/CO2
Throughout the application, abbreviations are provided for physical and/or chemical parameters and/or tests performed under ASTM International standards. The ASTM international standards referenced herein are incorporated by reference. The abbreviations and their associated parameters and/or tests are shown in Table B below.
Throughout the application, abbreviations are provided for physical and/or chemical parameters and/or tests performed under ASTM International standards. The ASTM international standards referenced herein are incorporated by reference. The units and their abbreviations are shown in Table C below.
Turning now to the figures,
The fuel additive composition may alter and/or weaken bonding between fuel molecules. The altered and/or weakened bonding in fuel molecules may cause improved breakdown of these molecules during combustion. Thus, vehicles and/or equipment using fuel contacted with fuel additive composition may achieve greater fuel mileage and/or run time than without fuel additive composition. Contacting the fuel additive composition with fuel may preserve the combustive efficacy of the fuel.
The fuel additive composition may be added to fuel of any octane and/or fuel comprising a hydrocarbon chain of any number of carbon atoms. The fuel additive composition may or may not comprise ethanol. The contacting fuel with fuel additive composition may alter, decompose, or remove the bonding capability required by carbon, nitric, oxygen, and sulfur to form air pollutants.
The fuel additive composition may comprise an anthocyanidin. The anthocyanidin may be at a concentration of at least about 0.001% to about 1.0%, about 0.005% to about 0.5%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or about 1.0% by weight. The anthocyanidin may include, but is not limited to delphinidin chloride, cyanidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, malvidin, or a combination thereof.
The fuel additive composition may comprise an acid. The acid may be at a concentration of at least about 0.001% to about 1.0%, about 0.005% to about 0.5%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or about 1.0% by weight. The acid may comprise a weak acid, organic acid, diacid chloride, or a combination thereof.
The fuel additive composition may comprise an amino acid. The amino acid may be at a concentration of at least about 35% to about 65%, about 40% to about 60%, about 45% to about 55%, or about 65% by weight. The amino acid may comprise any natural or non-natural amino acid. The amino acid may comprise an acidic amino acid including, but not limited to, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, or a combination thereof. The amino acid may also comprise an aliphatic amino acid including, but not limited to, alanine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, valine, or a combination thereof. The at least one fuel additive may also comprise a neutral-pH enzyme. The neutral-pH enzyme may include, but is not limited to, arginine, histidine, glutamate, or a combination thereof.
The fuel additive composition may comprise a catalyst. The catalyst may be at a concentration of at least about 0.001% to about 1.0%, about 0.005% to about 0.5%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or about 1.0% by weight. The catalyst may comprise an enzyme. The enzyme may include, but is not limited to, catalase, glucosidase, amylase, lipase, or a combination thereof.
The fuel additive composition may comprise and aqueous solution. The fuel additive composition may comprise a pH of less than 7. The fuel additive composition may also comprise a solid, for example, a powder.
The fuel additive composition may comprise a ratio of anthocyanidin to amino acid of at least about 1:500 to about 1:1750, about 1:750 to about 1:1500, about 1:1000 to about 1:1250, or about 1:1750.
The fuel additive composition may increase the emission of 02 from combusted fuel compared to fuel without the fuel additive composition. The 02 emission may be increased by at least about 500% to about 1000%, about 600% to about 900%, about 700% to about 800%, or about 1000%.
The fuel additive composition may decrease the emission of CO2 from combusted fuel compared to fuel without the fuel additive composition. The CO2 emission may be decreased by at least about 75% to about 99%, about 85% to about 97%, about 90% to about 95%, or about 99%.
The fuel additive composition may decrease the emission of NOx from combusted fuel compared to fuel without the fuel additive composition. The NOx emission may be decreased by at least about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 97%, about 90% to about 95%, or about 99%.
The fuel additive composition may decrease the emission of SO2 from combusted fuel compared to fuel without the fuel additive composition. The SO2 emission may be decreased by at least about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 97%, about 90% to about 95%, or about 99%.
The fuel additive composition may decrease the quantity of NOx in fuel prior to use in a combustion engine compared to fuel without the fuel additive composition. The decrease in quantity of NOx may be at least about 50% to about 75%, about 55% to about 70%, about 60% to about 65%, or about 75%.
The fuel additive composition may comprise ethanol. Ethanol may have a synergistic effect with the fuel additive composition in a solution and/or liquid comprising fuel additive composition, fuel, and ethanol. The fuel additive composition may further reduce quantity of an NOx molecule in fuel with ethanol compared to the NOx molecule reduction in fuel without ethanol. The reduction in NOx molecule fuel with ethanol is at least about 1.0% to about 10.0%, about 2.0% to about 9.0%, about 3.0% to about 8.0%, about 4.0% to about 7.0%, about 5.0% to about 6.0%, or about 10.0% greater compared to fuel without ethanol.
The fuel additive composition may be used in a stationary combustion engine. The stationary combustion engine may include, but is not limited to, a generator, power station, turbine, or a combination thereof.
The fuel additive composition may be used in the combustion engine of a vehicle. The vehicle may include, but is not limited to, an automobile, train, aircraft, watercraft, drone, rover, rocket, off-road vehicle, farm equipment, construction equipment, any device or apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine, or a combination thereof.
The fuel additive composition may decrease a vehicle's idle speed. The diesel speed may be decreased by at least about 1.0% to about 10.0%, about 2.0% to about 9.0%, about 3.0% to about 8.0%, about 4.0% to about 7.0%, about 5.0% to about 6.0%, or about 10.0%.
The fuel additive composition may improve a vehicle's gas mileage. The gas mileage may be improved by at least about 1.0% to about 5.0%, about 1.5% to about 4.5%, about 2.0% to about 4.0%, about 2.5% to about 3.5%, or about 5.0%.
The fuel additive composition may increase a vehicle's run time in a non-catalytic converter single stroke engine. The run time may be increased by at least about 1.0% to about 5.0%, about 1.5% to about 4.5%, about 2.0% to about 4.0%, about 2.5% to about 3.5%, or about 5.0%.
The fuel additive may comply with the ASTM D4814 standard and or the D975 diesel standard. The ASTM D4814 standard covers the establishment of requirements of liquid automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. This standard describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a technology-based solution that overcomes existing problems with the current state of the art in a technical way to satisfy an existing problem for reducing the environmental impact of combusted fuels. Embodiments of the present invention achieve important benefits over the current state of the art, such as increased fuel efficiency and decreased emissions from fuel combustion. Some of the unconventional elements of embodiments of the present invention include a fuel additive composed of diacid chloride, an enzyme, an amino acid.
The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
2.2 grams of the fuel additive composition was combined with 26 gallons of gasoline. The fuel was used in the combustion engine of a commercial automobile and the automobile was driven for a distance of 30 miles. Tests were performed to evaluate the emissions from the automobile.
Gasoline without fuel additive composition was compared with gasoline with fuel additive to confirm that the addition of the fuel additive composition did not change the chemical identity of the gasoline. The results are shown in Table D below. Table D: Chemical evaluation of base gasoline v. treated gasoline.
The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.
Note that in the specification and claims, “about” or “approximately” means within twenty percent (20%) of the numerical amount cited.
Although the invention has been described in detail with particular reference to these embodiments, other embodiments can achieve the same results. Variations and modifications of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and equivalents. The entire disclosures of all references, applications, patents, and publications cited above are hereby incorporated by reference.
This application claims priority to and the benefit of the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/412,725, entitled “FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITION”, filed on Oct. 3, 2022, and the specification thereof is incorporated herein by reference.
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|---|---|---|---|
| 20050044778 | Orr | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20140378547 | Zielinski | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20230116584 | Farmer | Apr 2023 | A1 |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63412725 | Oct 2022 | US |
