Fuel cells

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a gas permeable substrate and a solid oxide fuel cell using the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to a lightweight and thin gas permeable substrate which is particularly suitable for a substrate of a solid oxide fuel cell, and to a solid oxide fuel cell using the same.

BACKGROUND ART

In a device using a solid oxide fuel cell (hereinafter, referred to as SOFC), an oxygen sensor, and a functional membrane such as a hydrogen separation membrane, a gas permeable substrate has hitherto been used. For example, sintered ceramics used as a supporting substrate functions as a supporting member and a gas passage. However, in terms of securing gas permeability and strength of the substrate, it has been difficult to reduce the weight and thickness of the device.

From the viewpoint of reduction in weight and thickness, a metallic filter has been proposed, which has a two layer structure of a wire mesh substrate and sintered metal powder or the like coated thereon (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H7-60035).

Moreover, a metallic filter has been proposed, which is made by applying powder on a substrate obtained by pressing down the wire mesh. This metallic filter is used to filter various oils, gases, liquids, and the like (See Japanese Patent Publication No. 3146387 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H8-229320). This filter is used with the pore size adjusted according to the size (particle size etc.) of an object to be filtered.

As the SOFC using a gas permeable substrate, an SOFC has been proposed, in which power generating elements (fuel electrode, electrolyte, and air electrode) are deposited on the porous metallic substrate by spraying (see Plasma Sprayed Thin-Film SOFC for Reduced Operating Temperature, Fuel Cells Bulletin, pp 597-600, 2000).

Moreover, a part for hydrogen separation has been proposed, which is constructed by covering the gas permeable substrate with a film, foil, or sheet having a function of hydrogen separation. This part for hydrogen separation is used through gas to be separated, the gas being pressurized in a thickness direction of the substrate.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

However, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H7-60035, since the wire mesh protrudes from the sintered metal powder layer, in other words, since the wire mesh is not buried in the sintered metal powder layer, it is difficult to make the substrate thinner.

In the Japanese Patent Publication No. 3146837, the metallic filter is constructed by pressing down the wire mesh. Accordingly, it is impossible to obtain a flat surface of the substrate because of part where the wire mesh is protruded, and it is difficult to form a thin film thereon. In addition, since the powder layer is formed on the wire mesh, there has been a problem that the entire filter is made thick.

In the SOFC described in Fuel Cells Bulletin, a separate gas passage is provided, since the substrate cannot be utilized as a gas passage. This is because the upper surface of the porous metallic substrate is finely formed so that film forming by spraying becomes possible. Accordingly, the number of parts has been increased, and cell parts including a collector and the gas passage have been made thick. Therefore, miniaturization thereof has been difficult.

The part for hydrogen separation is used through the gas to be separated, the gas being pressurized in the thickness direction of the substrate. In this case, when the part for hydrogen separation is used only for separating hydrogen, electrical conductivity is not required on the porous substrate. However, when the part for hydrogen separation is used for the SOFC, electrical conductivity is required on the substrate with a collector function given. Moreover, in the SOFC, since the gas flows in a plane direction of the porous substrate, higher gas permeability is required on the porous substrate.

The present invention has been accomplished to solve the above problem. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lightweight and thin gas permeable substrate which has high gas diffusion and has a high-contact rate and adhesion with a functional material, and to provide a solid oxide fuel cell using the same.

The first aspect of the present invention provides a gas permeable substrate, comprising: a porous metallic plate having a plurality of pores which form openings in an upper surface and/or a lower surface thereof; and particles filled in the pores, wherein at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface of the porous metallic plate is substantially smooth.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell, comprising: a gas permeable substrate having a porous metallic plate which includes a plurality of pores forming openings in an upper surface and/or a lower surface thereof; and particles filled in the pores, wherein at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the porous metallic plate are substantially smooth, and single cells are stacked, each single cell including power generating elements stacked on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the gas permeable substrate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a gas-permeable substrate of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the other gas-permeable substrate of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the other gas-permeable substrate of the present invention;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are plan views showing a gas-permeable substrate with a frame according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a SOFC of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the other SOFC of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a gas-permeable substrate of an Example 3;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a gas-permeable substrate of an Example 5;

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a gas-permeable substrate of a Comparative Example 1;

FIG. 10 is a SEM view showing a cross-section of a gas-permeable substrate of an Example 1; and

FIG. 11 is a SEM view showing a cross-section of a gas-permeable substrate of an Example 2.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings, wherein like numbers are designated by like reference characters. For convenience of explanation, one side of the porous metallic plate or the like is described as an upper surface, and the other side thereof is described as a lower surface. However, these are equivalent elements, and a construction in which these elements are substituted for each other is included in the scope of the present invention.

First Embodiment

A gas permeable substrate of the present invention includes: a porous metallic plate having a plurality of pores which form openings in the upper surface and/or the lower surface thereof; and particles filled in the pores. The gas permeable substrate is characterized in that at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the porous metallic plate is substantially smooth. Specific embodiments are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. As shown in FIG. 1, a gas permeable substrate 1 of the present invention includes a porous metallic plate 3 and a particle layer 7. The porous metallic plate 3 includes a plurality of pores 5, and openings 5a and 5b based on the pores 5 are formed on an upper surface 3a and a lower surface 3b of the porous metallic plate 3. Particles are filled in these pores 5 to form the particle layer 7 and the upper surface thereof is made smooth. The gas permeable substrate 1 of the present invention is thus obtained.

With such a construction, the gas permeable substrate 1 becomes lightweight and thin, and functions as both a supporting member and a gas passage. Moreover, an entire device using this gas permeable substrate 1 can be designed to be lightweight and small. Moreover, since gas passes through holes within the particle layer 7, the gas can pass through the substrate while being efficiently diffused. In terms of the pores 5 included in the porous metallic plate 3, each pore 5 is preferably penetrated in the vertical direction, namely, in the thickness direction of the plate. However, it is sufficient if the pore 5 is penetrated in the vertical direction by having an opening on one surface and communicating with another pore within the metallic plate 3.

The gas permeable substrate 1 of the present invention is typically manufactured as follows. Slurry of the particles is applied to the porous metallic plate 3 by screen printing, green sheet method, dipping, or the like and baked in vacuum, inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, or in reducing atmosphere such as hydrogen. At this time, a pore-forming material or the like can be properly used in order to provide holes in the particle layer 7.

Preferably, the particle layer 7 covers not less than 30% of the area in the upper surface 3a of the porous metallic plate 3 and/or not less than 30% of the area in the lower surface 3b thereof. In other words, the construction is preferred in which the surface portion of the porous metallic plate 3 is buried in the particles as shown in FIG. 2. This enables gas to be diffused over the entire surface of the porous metallic plate 3 through the particle layer 7. When the covered area is less than 30%, the particle layer 7 is thin, and the strength of the gas permeable substrate 1 is reduced. In the case where the metallic plate 3 includes a function as a collector and the like, the function is sometimes lowered since the contact area between the metallic plate 3 and the particles is reduced with the contact area less than 30%. Specifically, the contact area between the metallic plate 3 and the particles is reduced, and electrons may not be efficiently transferred between the particle layer 7 and the metallic plate 3.

The particles filled in the pores 5 and the particles covering the upper and lower surfaces 3a and 3b of the porous metallic plate 3 may be of the same material or different materials.

In the light of gas permeability and durability of the porous metallic plate, it is preferable that the particles constituting the particle layer 7 are made of ceramics or a composite material of ceramics and metal. Examples of the ceramics include NiO, CuO, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, ceria solid solution, stabilized zirconia, lanthanum cobalt oxide, and lanthanum manganese oxide. Examples of the metal include nickel, nickel-boron alloy, platinum, platinum-lead alloy, and silver. For the composite material of ceramics and metal, materials obtained by arbitrarily mixing both can be used. The particles have a diameter of about 0.1 to 10 μm, and preferably, are sintered particles.

The gas permeable substrate 1 of the present invention is characterized in that the surface of the porous metallic plate, namely, any one of or both of the upper and lower surfaces 3a and 3b are substantially smooth. Accordingly, the porous metallic plate 3 can be covered with another thin film layer with good adhesion. Even if the pores 5 are not filled with the particles until the surface of the porous metallic plate 3 and the openings becomes flat, an arbitrary thin film layer can be formed on the surface. Specifically, since the porous metallic plate is reduced in thickness as described later, in some cases, the openings and the surface of the metallic plate cannot be made completely flat in some cases by filling the pores with the particles. Therefore, in the gas permeable substrate of the present invention, the surface thereof is somewhat uneven in some cases, but the surface is substantially smooth. Accordingly, the adhesion with another thin film layer is greatly improved compared to the conventional art. Moreover, since the surface of the metallic plate 3 is formed to be flat by filling the pores 5 with the particles, an arbitrary thin film layer can be formed on the surface regardless of size of the pores 5.

For such a porous metallic plate 3, for example, sintered metal body such as foam metal, a metal film with pores formed by chemical etching, and a metal film with pores formed by punching with a laser or electron beam can be used. In the case where the porous metallic plate is thin and the shape or the openings thereof cannot be maintained, a frame is provided on the outside thereof to support the porous metallic plate. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, when a frame 33 is provided in the periphery of the gas permeable substrate 1, gas permeable substrates 30 and 32 with improved mechanical strength and the pores 5 maintained, can be obtained. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, when the porous metallic plate 3 is etched from the both sides, a shape suitable for filling particles can be obtained.

For the materials constituting the porous metallic plate 3, stainless steel (SUS), Inconel, nickel, silver, platinum, copper, or arbitrary combinations of these metals can be used. This enables the porous metallic plate 3 to have electrical conductivity. It is preferable that the thickness of the porous metallic plate is within a range of 0.03 mm to 1 mm in the light of reduction in weight and thickness of a device. When the thickness is less than 0.03 mm, the strength is small, and when the thickness is more than 1 mm, the plate is thick and heavy, and therefore, the gas permeable substrate cannot be made thin.

For the pore-forming material added to form the particle layer 7, a material which is decomposed by baking to make the particle layer porous can be used, such as carbon and an organic material.

As described above, according to the present invention, the pores of the porous metallic plate are filled with particles, and the surface thereof is substantially smooth. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a lightweight and thin gas permeable substrate which has high gas diffusion and a high contact rate and adhesion with the functional material. Herein, the particle layer 7 is formed within the pores 5 and on the upper surface 3a in FIG. 1. However, as shown in FIG. 2, the gas permeable substrate of the present invention may be a gas permeable substrate 10 in which the particle layer 7 is provided in the pores 5 and the upper and lower surfaces 3a and 3b of the porous metallic plate 3. This enables the strength of the gas permeable substrate to be further increased. As shown in FIG. 3, the gas permeable substrate of the present invention may be a gas permeable substrate 20 in which the particle layer 7 is provided only within the pores 5. Thus, a gas permeable substrate formed into a thin film can be obtained. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 7, it is not necessary that all the pores 5 of the porous metallic plate 3 are filled with the particle layer 7, and ever if the gas permeable substrate has the pores filled with particles to some extent and has a smooth upper surface, the gas permeable substrate is within the technical scope of the present invention.

The gas permeable substrate 1 of the present invention is characterized in that the surface of the porous metallic plate 3 is substantially smooth. However, this “substantially” is an expression made taking into account various inevitable errors in a manufacturing process. The scope including the inevitable errors also belongs to the technical scope of the present invention as long as a desired effect can be obtained.

Second Embodiment

Next, a detailed description will be given of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using the gas permeable substrate of the present invention. As for the construction of the solid oxide fuel cell of this embodiment, similar parts to those of the first embodiment are given the same numerals in the drawings, and overlapping description will be omitted.

The SOFC of the present invention is constructed by using the gas permeable substrate of the first embodiment. Specifically, the SOFC is constructed by stacking single cells, each of which includes a power generating element stacked on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the gas permeable substrate. Since the surface of the gas permeable substrate of the present invention is smooth, a thin and lightweight power generating element can be formed on the entire gas permeable substrate, and an SOFC operating at low temperature can be obtained. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given using FIGS. 5 and 6. The power generating element indicates a stacked body including a fuel electrode, an electrolyte, and an air electrode, or intermediate layers when needed. The stacking is not limited to coupling the single cells in the thickness direction thereof, and also involves the coupling in the plane direction.

As shown in FIG. 5, there is an SOFC 40 as the SOFC of the present invention, which includes an electrolyte layer 43, an intermediate layer 44, and an air electrode layer 45 formed on a gas permeable substrate 41. The gas permeable substrate 41 includes a fuel electrode layer 42 formed on the porous metallic plate 3. Since the gas permeable substrate 41 of the present invention has a smooth surface, the electrolyte layer 43, the intermediate layer 44, and the air electrode layer 45 can be formed to be thin and uniform. Moreover, a fuel electrode material is used for the particle layer within the gas permeable substrate. Accordingly, reactivity between the diffused fuel gas (hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gas, or the like) and oxygen ions is increased, and as a result, the power generation efficiency can be increased.

The SOFC of the present invention can be an SOFC in which the pores of the porous metallic plate are filled with a reforming catalyst and an electrode material and a stacking structure including two or more layers is formed in the pores. Herein, the electrode material is a concept including a fuel electrode material constituting the fuel electrode layer, an air electrode material constituting the air electrode layer, and an intermediate layer material constituting the intermediate layer. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, a gas permeable substrate 51 can be used in which a reforming catalyst layer 57 and a fuel electrode layer 52 are provided within the pores 5 of the porous metallic plate 3. An SOFC 50 of the present invention can be obtained by providing a first intermediate layer 53, an electrolyte layer 54, a second intermediate layer 55, and an air electrode layer 56 on the gas permeable substrate 51. In the SOFC 50, since the reforming catalyst layer 57 and the fuel electrode layer 52 are provided within the pores 5 of the porous metallic plate 3, fuel gas can be supplied to the fuel electrode layer 52 after flowing through the reforming catalyst layer 57 to be reformed so as to have a preferable gas composition. Moreover, since the reforming catalyst and the fuel electrode material are arranged within the porous metallic plate, the SOFC can be further reduced in thickness.

The SOFC 40 of the present invention has a structure in which the intermediate layer 44 is provided between the electrolyte layer 43 and the air electrode layer 45. The SOFC 50 of the present invention has a structure in which the first intermediate layer 53 is provided between the fuel electrode layer 52 and the electrolyte layer 54, and the second intermediate layer 55 is provided between the electrolyte layer 54 and the air electrode layer 56. Since the intermediate layer is provided between the fuel electrode layer and the electrolyte layer, the contact resistance between the fuel electrode layer and the electrolyte layer can be reduced. Moreover, since the intermediate layer is provided between the electrolyte layer and the air electrode layer, the resistance to ionization reaction of oxygen molecules can be reduced. Accordingly, ionization of oxygen molecules is promoted, and the power generation efficiency can be increased. It is preferable to provide the intermediate layers between the fuel electrode layer and the electrolyte layer and between the electrolyte layer and the air electrode layer, but it is possible to obtain the SOFC having high power generation efficiency without the intermediate layers. The most preferred embodiment is the SOFC shown in FIG. 5, namely, the SOPC 40, which is obtained by providing the fuel electrode layer 42 in the porous metallic plate 3 to form the gas permeable substrate 41 with the upper surface made smooth, and then stacking the electrolyte layer 43, the intermediate layer 44 and the air electrode layer 45. The SOFC 40 is the most preferred embodiment also from the viewpoint of reduction in thickness and weight.

In the SOFC 50 of the present invention, the pores 5 of the porous metallic plate 3 are filled with the reforming catalyst layer 57 and the fuel electrode layer 52, but the present invention is not limited to this. The pores may be filled with another electrode material to be formed into a two layer structure. Specifically, the fuel electrode layer 52 and the first intermediate layer 53 can be provided within the pores 5. In the case of an SOFC not using the intermediate layer, the fuel electrode layer and the electrolyte layer may be provided within the pores. The fuel gas can be made suitable by providing the reforming catalyst layer 57, but the reforming catalyst is not required to be provided.

The power generating element and the reforming catalyst can be formed in the gas permeable substrate by sputtering, deposition, aerosol deposition, ion plating, ion clustering, laser beam ablation, spray thermal decomposition, or the like. Moreover, the power generating element and the reforming catalyst can be formed by sequentially using any of these methods.

For the fuel electrode material, nickel, nickel cermet, Ni-yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) cermet, Ni-samaria doped ceria (SDC) cermet, platinum, and the like can be used. For the electrolyte layer material, stabilized zirconia can be used. For the air electrode material, lanthanum cobalt oxide (La_1-xSr_xCoO₃, etc.), lanthanum manganese oxide (La_1-xSr_xMnO₃, etc.), and the like can be used. For the material of the reforming catalyst layer, transition metals can be used such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), nickel (Ni), iridium (Ir), rhenium (Re), and group 8 transition metals can also be used such as ruthenium (Ru), and iron (Fe). Further, the material of the reforming catalyst layer can also be metal oxide such as aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), magnesium oxide (MgO), chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), silicon oxide (SiO₂), tungsten oxide (WO₂, WO₃, etc.), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂), cerium oxide (CeO₂), and bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃). For the intermediate layer material, samaria-doped ceria (SDC) and the like can be used.

In the SOFC using the gas permeable substrate of the present invention, the porous metallic plate 3 can serve as a collector since the porous metallic plate 3 uses an electrical conductive material. Accordingly, when the gas permeable substrate of the present invention is used as part of the SOFC, the electrode material can be used for the particle layer, and the porous metallic plate can be used as the collector. The electrode material is supported by the collector, so that the gas permeable substrate can be made thinner. Furthermore, since the contact area between the electrode material and the collector is increased, the electrical performance can be improved.

Moreover, since the surface of the gas permeable substrate of the present invention is smooth, it is possible to form a thin and lightweight power generating element on the entire substrate and obtain the SOFC operating at low temperature. Moreover, since part of the power generating element, namely, electrode material is filled in the substrate, the contact area is increased, and an SOFC having good strength and gas diffusion is obtained.

In the SOFC 40 of FIG. 5, the air electrode layer 45, the intermediate layer 44, the electrolyte layer 43, and the fuel electrode layer 42 are shown in this order beginning from the upper surface of the SOFC 40, but the order thereof may be the fuel electrode layer 42, the electrolyte layer 43, the intermediate layer 44, and the air electrode layer 45 beginning from the upper surface. Moreover, also in the SOFC 50 of FIG. 6, the stacking order may be reversed.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in further detail using examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

EXAMPLE 1

As shown in FIG. 1, for the porous metallic plate 3, a plurality of pores of φ=0.1 mm were provided by photo etching in an etching board which was composed of SUS 304 and 0.1 mm thick. Subsequently, for the particle layer 7, paste of the fuel electrode material which was composed of Ni—SDC and had a particle size of 2 μm was applied with a thickness of 0.12 mm on the porous metallic plate 3 by screen printing, and then baked at 1050° C. in H₂reducing atmosphere. In this manner, the gas permeable substrate shown in FIG. 1 was obtained. FIG. 10 shows an enlarged photograph of a section of this gas permeable substrate.

EXAMPLE 2

As shown in FIG. 2, for the porous metallic plate 3, foam metal which was composed of Pt and 1 mm thick and had a porosity of 98% was obtained by sintering of metal powder. Subsequently, for the particle layer 7, paste of the fuel electrode material which was composed of Ni—YSZ and had a particle size of 5 μm was applied with a thickness of 1.2 mm on the porous metallic plate 3 by dipping, and then baked at 1050° C. in H₂reducing atmosphere. In this manner, the gas permeable substrate shown in FIG. 2 was obtained. FIG. 11 shows an enlarged photograph of a section of this gas permeable substrate.

EXAMPLE 3

As shown in FIG. 7, for the porous metallic plate 3, pores of φ=0.2 mm were provided by laser processing in a punching board which is composed of Ni and 0.2 mm thick. Subsequently, for the fuel electrode layer, a fuel electrode material which was composed of Ni—YSZ and has a particle size of 2 μm was pressed and attached with a thickness of 0.15 mm on the porous metallic plate 3 by the green sheet method, and then baked at 1050° C. in H₂reducing atmosphere to obtain a gas permeable substrate provided with the fuel electrode layer 42. Further, for the thin film power generating element, the obtained gas permeable substrate was covered by screen printing with an electrolyte material which was composed of YSZ and has a particle size of 0.03 μm to form the electrolyte layer 43. The obtained electrolyte layer 43 was covered with an air electrode material which was composed of SSC (Sm and Sr added cobalt oxide) and had a particle size of 5 μm by screen printing with a thickness of 10 μm to form the air electrode layer 45. In this manner, an SOFC cell 60 shown in FIG. 7 was obtained. In the SOFC cell 60, power generation of 0.1 W/cm²was confirmed.

EXAMPLE 4

As shown in FIG. 3, for the porous metallic plate 3, a plurality of pores of φ=0.1 mm were provided by photo etching in an etching board, which is composed of SUS 304 and 0.1 mm thick. Subsequently, for the particle layer 7, paste of the fuel electrode material which was composed of Ni and had a particle size of 10 μm was applied with a thickness of 0.12 mm on the porous metallic plate 3 by screen printing, and then baked at 1050° C. in H₂reducing atmosphere. In this manner, the gas permeable substrate 20 shown in FIG. 3 was obtained.

EXAMPLE 5

As shown in FIG. 8, for the porous metallic plate 3, a plurality of pores of φ=0.1 mm were provided by photo etching in an etching board, which was composed of SUS 304 and 0.1 mm thick. Subsequently, paste of the fuel electrode material which was composed of Ni—SDC and had a particle size of 2 μm was applied on the upper surface 3a with a thickness of 60 μm by screen printing to form the fuel electrode layer 52. Furthermore, paste of the reforming catalyst layer material which was composed of Pt and had a particle size of 3 μm was applied on the lower surface 3b with a thickness of 60 μm by screen printing, and then baked at 1050° C. in H₂reducing atmosphere to form the reforming catalyst layer 57. In this manner, the gas permeable substrate 70 shown in FIG. 8 was obtained.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

As shown in FIG. 9, for a porous metallic plate 3′, metallic mesh, which was composed of SUS 304, 0.25 mm thick, and φ=0.1 mm, was obtained by plain Dutch weaving. Subsequently, for a particle layer 7′, paste of a fuel electrode material which was composed of Ni—SDC and had a particle size of 2 μm was applied on the obtained metallic mesh at a thickness of 0.1 mm by screen printing, and then baked at 1050° C. in H₂reducing atmosphere to obtain a gas permeable substrate as shown in FIG. 9.

In the examples 1 to 5, the gas permeable substrates which had good adhesion between the substrate and the particles and were made thin were obtained. Since there was the fuel electrode layer on the upper surface of the porous metallic plate and within the pores in each of the gas permeable substrates of the examples 1 to 3 and 5, the gas was diffused on the upper surface of the metallic plate and efficiently transferred. In the example 2, since the fuel electrode layers were on the upper and lower surfaces of the porous metallic plate, the stress from the upper and lower surfaces was well balanced, and the durability of the substrate was improved. In the example 3, the thin SOFC cell further including the power generating element on the gas permeable substrate was easily obtained. Furthermore, in the example 3, the fuel electrode material was pressed and attached by the green sheet method, which is an easy manufacturing method, so that man-hours were reduced. In the example 4, since the fuel electrode layer was formed within the pores, the adhesion between the fuel electrode layer and the substrate material was good. In the example 5, since the fuel electrode layer and the reforming catalyst layer were provided within the pores, it became possible to further reduce the thickness. On the contrary, in the comparative example 1, since the metallic mesh is covered with the fuel electrode layer, the fuel electrode layer was thickened. Moreover, it is inferred that the adhesion between the porous metallic plate and the fuel electrode layer was low since the contact area between the porous metallic plate and the fuel electrode layer was small. Moreover, when the particle layer is made thin, it is impossible to obtain a smooth surface because of the surface shape of the porous metallic plate 3′.

The entire content of a Japanese Patent Application No. P2002-375781 with a filing date of Dec. 26, 2002 is herein incorporated by reference.

Although the invention has been described above by reference to certain embodiments of the invention, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above will occur to these skilled in the art, in light of the teachings. The scope of the invention is defined with reference to the following claims.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As explained above, according to the present invention, the pores of the porous metallic plate are filled with the particles and the surface thereof is smoothed. Therefore, it is possible to provide a thin and lightweight gas permeable substrate which has high gas diffusion and has a high contact rate and adhesion with the functional material, and to provide a solid oxide fuel cell using the same.

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