Fuel injection control for internal combustion engine

Abstract

The startup time of an engine is shortened by performing initial fuel injection after the start of cranking on a cylinder undergoing an intake stroke and a cylinder undergoing an exhaust stroke. After the initial fuel injection, HC emissions are suppressed by performing fuel injection in cylinders undergoing an exhaust stroke. Furthermore when it is determined that initial combustion has not occurred after the initial fuel injection, an additional injection is performed on the cylinder undergoing an intake stroke. In this manner, it is possible to minimize increases in the startup time and adverse effects on exhaust emissions.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to fuel injection control for starting up an internal combustion engine.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Tokkai 2000-45841 published by the Japanese Patent Office in 2000 discloses simultaneous fuel injection to all cylinders of an engine immediately after the ignition switch is switched to the ON position.

[0003] In a spark-ignition engine injecting fuel sequentially into the intake port, fuel injected during cranking of the engine adheres to the wall surface of the intake port and tends to form a flow along the wall.

[0004] This phenomenon is hereafter referred to as “wall flow”. Consequently time is required for fuel to reach the combustion chamber and preferred stability of combustion during cranking of the engine cannot be obtained. The prior-art technique aims to form a wall flow in advance as a result of injecting fuel all at once to all cylinders immediately after the ignition switch is turned to the ON position. As a result, fuel injected sequentially to respective cylinders thereafter flows into the combustion chamber smoothly without adhering to the wall face of the intake port.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Spark ignition of the air-fuel mixture in each cylinder is generally performed in the vicinity of the compression dead center. However, it is noted that each cylinder performs respectively different strokes when simultaneous injection to all cylinders is performed. Furthermore in the period after simultaneous injection to all cylinders until initial spark ignition to each cylinder, some cylinders undergo sequential fuel injection while others do not undergo sequential fuel injection.

[0006] As a result, a deviation is produced in the air-fuel ratio of the fuel mixture at initial sparking ignition in each cylinder. In cylinders having a lean air-fuel ratio, misfiring may result. In cylinders having a rich air-fuel ratio, incomplete combustion may result. Both misfiring or incomplete combustion have an adverse effect on the stability of the engine and on the exhaust emission components.

[0007] It is therefore an object of this invention to increase stability of combustion in each cylinder when starting an engine which performs sequential fuel injection.

[0008] In order to achieve above object, this invention provides a fuel injection control device for an internal combustion engine, the engine comprising a plurality of cylinders which sequentially perform a combustion of fuel and a starter motor which cranks up the engine, each of the cylinders having an intake port and a fuel injector which injects fuel into the intake port and sequentially performing an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke.

[0009] The device comprises a first sensor which detects a start of the starter motor; a second sensor which detects a specific position in a specific stroke of each cylinder and generates a corresponding signal; a third sensor for detecting combustion of fuel; and a programmable controller.

[0010] The controller functions to perform a cylinder-stroke identification based on the signal from the second sensor; command the fuel injectors for a cylinder in the exhaust stroke and for a cylinder in the intake stroke to simultaneously perform a primary fuel injection, when the first cylinder-stroke identification is performed; determine the presence or absence of fuel combustion as a result of the primary fuel injection based on a signal from the third sensor; and command an additional fuel injection, when the fuel combustion is not occurring, to the fuel injector of a cylinder undergoing an intake stroke at the time that the absence of fuel combustion is determined.

[0011] The details as well as other features and advantages of this invention are set forth in the remainder of the specification and are shown in the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal combustion engine to which this invention is applied.

[0013] FIG. 2 is a block diagram describing a control function of a controller according to this invention.

[0014] FIG. 3 is a flowchart describing a main routine executed by the controller for performing fuel injection and calculating fuel injection amount at engine start-up.

[0015] FIG. 4 is a flowchart describing a subroutine for performing fuel injection executed by the controller.

[0016] FIG. 5 is a flowchart describing a subroutine for performing fuel injection in a normal and a low temperature range executed by the controller.

[0017] FIG. 6 is a flowchart describing a subroutine for performing fuel injection in an extremely low temperature range executed by the controller.

[0018] FIG. 7 is a flowchart describing a subroutine executed by the controller for performing fuel injection based on a fuel injection end timing.

[0019] FIG. 8 is a flowchart describing a subroutine executed by the controller for calculating a fuel injection end timing.

[0020] FIG. 9 is similar to FIG. 8, but showing another embodiment of this invention related to the calculation of the fuel injection end timing.

[0021] FIG. 10 is a flowchart describing a subroutine executed by the controller for calculating a fuel injection pulse width.

[0022] FIG. 11 is a flowchart describing a subroutine executed by the controller for calculating a fuel injection pulse width on initial input of a signal.

[0023] FIG. 12 is a flowchart describing a subroutine executed by the controller for calculating a fuel injection pulse width on initial input of a cylinder-stroke identification signal.

[0024] FIG. 13 is a flowchart describing a subroutine executed by the controller for calculating a fuel injection pulse width after a subsequent input of the cylinder-stroke identification signal.

[0025] FIG. 14 is a flowchart describing a subroutine executed by the controller for calculating a fuel injection pulse width in a normal operation period.

[0026] FIGS. 15A-15N are timing charts describing a fuel injection pattern in the low temperature range resulting from the fuel injection control by the controller.

[0027] FIGS. 16A-16N are timing charts describing a fuel injection pattern in the extremely low temperature range resulting from the fuel injection control by the controller.

[0028] FIGS. 17A-17N are timing charts describing a fuel injection pattern in the normal temperature range resulting from the fuel injection control by the controller.

[0029] FIG. 18 is a graph showing the general relationship of engine rotation speed and required fuel injection pulse width after the start of cranking.

[0030] FIG. 19 is a flowchart describing a main routine executed by the controller for an additional fuel injection control.

[0031] FIG. 20 is a graph describing the general relationship of HC concentration in the exhaust gas and air-fuel ratio (A/F) after the start of cranking.

[0032] FIG. 21 is a flowchart describing a calculation subroutine for an additional fuel pulse width executed by the controller.

[0033] FIG. 22A is a graph showing the general relationship between fuel injection end timing and HC concentration in exhaust gas during initial combustion.

[0034] FIG. 22B is a graph showing the general relationship between fuel injection end timing and average effective pressure of a cylinder during initial combustion.

[0035] FIG. 23A-23N are timing charts describing a fuel injection pattern with an additional fuel injection in the low temperature range resulting from the fuel injection control by the controller.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0036] While this invention applies to various types of engine, an application to a four-cylinder engine is described here. Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, a four-cylinder gasoline engine 2 for a vehicle is provided with an air intake pipe 3 and an exhaust gas pipe 17. Only one cylinder is shown in FIG. 1.

[0037] The air intake pipe 3 is connected to the air intake port 7 for each cylinder through a manifold. A fuel injector 8 and an air intake valve 18 are provided in the air intake port 7 in order to inject fuel into each cylinder. A combustion chamber 6, in which the combustion of the gaseous mixture of fuel injected by the fuel injector 8 and air aspirated from the air intake port 3 occurs, is formed above a piston 21 in each cylinder. The fuel injector 8 injects fuel in response to an input injection pulse signal. The amount of air aspirated from the air intake pipe 3 is regulated by a throttle 5 provided in the air intake pipe 3. The combustion gas comprising a gaseous fuel mixture combusted in the combustion chamber 6 is exhausted as exhaust gas from the exhaust gas pipe 17 through an exhaust gas valve 19 and an exhaust gas port 20.

[0038] The engine 2 is a four-stroke engine in which each cylinder #1-#4 repeats the cycle of intake, compression, expansion and exhaust strokes on every two rotations of a crankshaft 10. The cycle is repeated in the sequence of #1-#3-#4-#2. The sequence corresponds to the firing order in which combustion is initiated in the cylinders. During steady-state operation, fuel is injected from a fuel injector 8 in the exhaust stroke of each cylinder as a result of the input of a pulse signal to the fuel injector 8 of each cylinder from the controller 1.

[0039] A spark plug 14 is provided facing the combustion chamber 6 in order to ignite the gaseous fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 6. The spark plug 14 generates a spark in proximity to the compression dead center of each cylinder, in response to a sparking signal input to a spark coil 14A.

[0040] The air-fuel ratio of the gaseous fuel mixture is controlled to a predetermined target air-fuel ratio by the controller 1. In order to enable this control, the controller 1 is provided with signals input respectively from an air flow meter 4 which detects the intake air amount in the air intake pipe 3, a water temperature sensor 15 which detects the temperature of the cooling water in the engine 2 as representative of engine temperature, an air-fuel ratio sensor 16 which detects the air-fuel ratio of the gaseous fuel mixture based on the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, a crank angle sensor 9 which detects the rotation position of the crankshaft 10 of the engine 2, a cam position sensor 11 which detects the characteristic rotation position of the cam 12 driving the exhaust valve 19 for each cylinder, and an ignition switch 13.

[0041] The ignition switch 13 is operated by the driver of the vehicle. In a first operating step, a controller 11 and a fuel pump supplying fuel to the fuel injector 8 are started. In a second operating step, a starter motor which cranks the engine 2 is started.

[0042] A signal IGN which advises that the fuel pump and the controller 11 are started and a signal STSG which advises that the starter motor is started are respectively input to the controller 11 from the ignition switch 13.

[0043] Next the relationship of the rotation position of the cam detected by the cam position sensor 11 and the crank angle sensor 9 will be described.

[0044] The crank angle sensor 9 detects a characteristic rotation position of the crankshaft 10 corresponding to a point in front of a predetermined angle for the compression dead center for each cylinder. As a result, a REF signal is inputted into the controller 1. In a four-cylinder engine 2, the REF signal, which is indicative of a specific rotational position of the crankshaft 10 or a reference position of crank angle, is inputted into the controller 11 at an interval of 180 degrees. The crank angle sensor 9 inputs a POS signal into the controller 1 when the crankshaft 10 rotates through one degree for example.

[0045] The cam position sensor 11 detects a characteristic rotation position of the cam 12 which drives the exhaust gas valve 19 of each cylinder and inputs a signal “PHASE” into the controller 1. Each PHASE signal is identified with a specific cylinder. For a four-cylinder engine, the cam 12 rotates once for two rotations of the crankshaft 10 of the engine 2. Thus in this engine 2, the PHASE signal is inputted to the controller 11 in the sequence #1, #3, #4, #2 for each 180 degree rotation of the crankshaft 10 of the engine 2. The PHASE signal is used to identify the stroke of each cylinder by determining in which stroke each cylinder is operating when the REF signal is inputted. In the description hereafter, the combination of the PHASE signal and the REF signal is termed the cylinder-stroke identification signal. The controller 1 identifies the stroke position of each cylinder based on the cylinder-stroke identification signal.

[0046] The controller 1 comprises a microcomputer provided with a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM) and an input/output interface (I/O interface). The controller may comprise a plurality of microcomputers.

[0047] Now referring to FIG. 2, the functions of the controller 11 related to fuel injection control will be described. The controller 11 is provided with a cranking determination unit 101, a cylinder-stroke identification unit 102, a rotation speed calculation unit 103, an injection pulse width calculation unit 104, a drive signal output unit 105, and an injection startup timing calculation unit 106. It should be noted that these units are merely virtual units describing the function of the controller 11 and do not have physical existence.

[0048] The cranking determination unit 101 detects the start of cranking of the engine 2 on the basis of a signal STSG input from the ignition switch 13. The cylinder-stroke identification unit 102 determines the position and stroke of each cylinder based on the cylinder-stroke identification signal and the POS signal. The rotation speed calculation unit 103 calculates the rotation speed of the engine 2 based on the input number of POS signals per unit time. The injection pulse width calculation unit 104 calculates the basic fuel injection amount by looking up a predetermined map based on the intake air amount detected by the air flow meter and the engine rotation speed. Various types of corrections are added to the basic fuel injection amount Qc, based on the air-fuel ratio A/F of the gaseous fuel mixture detected by the air-fuel ratio sensor 16 or the cooling water temperature Tw detected by the water temperature sensor 15. In this manner, an injection amount command value is determined by the unit 104. The injection startup timing calculation unit 106 determines the start timing for fuel injection in response to fuel injection conditions. The drive signal output unit 105 outputs an injection pulse signal to the fuel injector 8 based on the injection amount command value and the injection startup timing.

[0049] Next the fuel injection control, which is performed by a controller 11 on cranking of the engine 2, will be described.

[0050] The controller 1 executes fuel injection control according to the time lapsed after the start of cranking of the engine 2. This is for the purpose that each cylinder performs stable combustion of the gaseous fuel mixture at the first ignition.

[0051] For the convenience of description, three characteristic periods are defined, which are a “preliminary period” until the controller 11 performs the first identification of cylinder-strokes, a “starting period” after the primary period and before a predetermined number of identification signal is inputted to the controller 11, and a “normal operation period” after the secondary period is completed. The controller 1 executes fuel injection control corresponding to the three different periods. The predetermined number corresponds to the number of cylinders, and it is four in this embodiment.

[0052] Furthermore, the controller 1 performs fuel injection control according to the water temperature. Precisely, the controller 1 changes the fuel injection control depending on the characteristic temperature ranges for the water temperature. The three temperature ranges are provided, upon which the fuel injection control depends. They are a “normal temperature range” not lower than 10° C., a “low temperature range” of −15° C. to 10° C., and an “extremely low temperature range” lower than −15° C. A temperature of −15° C. corresponds to a first predetermined temperature and 10° C. corresponds to a second predetermined temperature. Thus, the fuel injection pattern is different for different temperature ranges.

[0053] If the water temperature is in the low temperature and extremely low temperature ranges, the controller 11 performs simultaneous fuel injection in all cylinders, before the first execution of the cylinder-stroke identification. In this manner, the movement of injected fuel to the combustion chamber 6 is facilitated by forming wall flow in advance of the sequential fuel injection, as described in the conventional example. The simultaneous fuel injection in all cylinders is not performed in the normal temperature range. Hereafter, this simultaneous fuel injection in all cylinders before the first cylinder-stroke identification is referred to as “preliminary fuel injection”.

[0054] If the water temperature is in the normal temperature range or the low temperature range, the controller 1 outputs a fuel injection command to the fuel injectors for those cylinders in an exhaust stroke and an intake stroke, when or immediately after performing the cylinder-stroke identification for the first time. Thereafter, the controller 1 commands the fuel injectors to sequentially inject fuel on a cylinder in an exhaust stroke, i.e., to perform sequential fuel injection in synchronism with the exhaust stroke. In contrast, if the water temperature is in the extremely low temperature range, the controller 1 outputs a fuel injection command only to the fuel injector for the cylinder undergoing an intake stroke, when or immediately after performing the first cylinder-stroke identification. Thereafter, the controller 1 commands the fuel injectors to sequentially inject fuel on a cylinder in an intake stroke, i.e., to perform sequential fuel injection in synchronism with the intake stroke. Hereafter the fuel injection performed when the controller 1 performs the first cylinder-stroke identification is referred to as “primary fuel injection”.

[0055] The controller 1 outputs a fuel injection command to the fuel injector for a cylinder undergoing an intake stroke until the rotation speed of the engine 2 exceeds a predetermined rotation speed. Thereafter, the controller 1 outputs a fuel injection command to the fuel injector for the cylinder undergoing an exhaust stroke.

[0056] The control routine described above will be described in further detail referring to the flowcharts in FIGS. 3-14.

[0057] FIG. 3 shows the main routine for fuel injection control. The controller 1 performs this routine at ten millisecond intervals by an interrupt processing, as long as the ignition switch 13 is in the ON position.

[0058] Firstly, in a step S1, the controller 1 compares the elapsed time TMFPON after the first input of a signal IGN with a reference period FPONTM. As long as the elapsed time TMFPON is not greater than the reference period FPONTM, the controller 11 terminates the routine immediately without performing subsequent steps.

[0059] The reference period FPONTM corresponds to the period from starting the fuel pump until the fuel pressure reaches a steady-state pressure. That is to say, fuel injection in any form is not performed as long as the fuel pressure from the fuel pump has not reached the steady-state pressure. This is in order to prevent deviations in the fuel injection amount resulting from an insufficient fuel pressure.

[0060] When the elapsed time TMFPON is greater than the reference period FPONTM, in a step S2, the controller 11 determines whether or not the cylinder-stroke identification signal or REF signal has been input since the routine was executed on the immediately preceding occasion.

[0061] The step S2 merely has the function of determining whether or not fuel injection will be performed during execution of the routine on this occasion. The routine is performed at several times while the engine undergoes a single rotation because the rotation speed of the engine is low during cranking. Consequently it is necessary to perform this determination on each occasion the routine is performed because the execution interval for fuel injection is considerably larger than the execution interval of the routine.

[0062] When the conditions in the step S2 are satisfied, the controller 11 executes the subroutine for a step S3, as shown in FIG. 4, in order to perform fuel injection. The determination in the step S2 is performed irrespectively of the temperature range. Thus the process in the step S3 is common to all three temperature ranges.

[0063] When the condition in the step S2 is not satisfied, fuel injection is not performed during the execution of the routine on this occasion. In this case, instead, the controller 1 calculates the fuel injection pulse width in a subroutine of a step S4, which is described in FIG. 10. Furthermore, ignition control in the step S5 is performed. Since ignition control is not related to the main problem addressed by this invention, a description thereof will be omitted. After the process performed in the step S4 and the step S5, the controller 1 terminates the routine.

[0064] It should be noted that, in the step S3, only the selection of the cylinder for fuel injection and the determination of the start period for injection are performed. The fuel injection pulse width was calculated on the previous occasion the step S4 was performed.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 4, the subroutine of the step S3 for fuel injection control performed by the controller 1 will be described.

[0066] Firstly, in a step S6, the controller 1 determines whether or not the summed number of REF signal inputs is smaller than a predetermined number of four. Instead, the controller 1 may use the summed number of cylinder-stroke identification signal inputs for this determination. This step determines whether or not the starting period has finished, or in other words, determines whether or not the REF signal has been inputted a number of times which is equal to the number of cylinders. Therefore, the predetermined number depends on the number of cylinders provided in the engine.

[0067] In the step S6, when the summed number of REF signal inputs is not smaller than four, it is determined that the starting period has terminated and the normal operation period has started. In this case, the controller 1 performs a fuel injection control based on the fuel injection end timing, by executing the subroutine in a step S10 described in FIG. 7. The controller 1 sets the injection start timing for the sequential injection using the injection end timing as a reference, so as to prevent the injection end timing from retarding because of a rapid increase in the engine rotation speed.

[0068] In the step S6, when the summed number of REF signal inputs is smaller than four, the routine proceeds to a step S7, where the controller 1 compares a water temperature TWINT detected by the water temperature sensor 15 when the cranking of the engine 2 was started, or when the signal STSG was inputted, with the first predetermined temperature of −15° C.

[0069] When the water temperature TWINT is less than −15° C., the controller 1 performs a fuel injection control for the extremely low temperature range, according to the subroutine of a step S9 shown in FIG. 6.

[0070] When the water temperature TWINT is not less than −15° C., the controller 1 performs a fuel injection control for the normal/low temperature range, by executing the subroutine in a step S8 as shown in FIG. 5.

[0071] After performing the process in the steps S8, S9 or S10, the controller 1 terminates the subroutine of the step S3.

[0072] Next referring to FIG. 5, a fuel injection control subroutine for the preliminary and starting periods in the normal/low temperature range performed by the controller 1 in a step S8 of FIG. 4 will be described.

[0073] First, in a step S11, the controller 1 determines whether or not the signal determined the step S2 of FIG. 3 was the first REF signal recognized by the controller 1 after the first execution of the main routine.

[0074] This condition is only satisfied when the present occasion is in the preliminary period. When the condition is satisfied, the controller 1 performs fuel injection for all the cylinders simultaneously in a step S12. This process corresponds to the simultaneous injection for #1-#4 shown in FIGS. 15I - 15L. The injection pulse width for the fuel injection performed in this step is the value previously calculated in the step S4 of the main routine.

[0075] When the condition in the step S11 is not satisfied, it means that the present occasion is in the starting period, and that the cylinder-stroke identification signal has been input after the immediately preceding occasion when the subroutine was performed. In this case, in a step S13, the controller 1 determines whether or not the signal determined in the step S2 of FIG. 3 was the first cylinder-stroke identification signal.

[0076] When the determination result in the step S13 is affirmative, it means that it is a timing of the primary fuel injection in the starting period. In this case, in a step S14, the controller 1 immediately performs injection for the cylinder undergoing the intake stroke and the cylinder undergoing the exhaust stroke simultaneously. This reduces the elapsed time until the occurrence of initial combustion and simultaneously minimizes the adverse effect on HC emissions. This operation is shown by the second injection for cylinders #1 and #3 in FIGS. 15I and 15K after the simultaneous injection for #1-#4.

[0077] When the determination result in the step S13 is negative, it means that it is a timing of the secondary fuel injection in the starting period. The secondary fuel injection is defined herein as an injection after the primary injection in the starting period. In this case, in a step S15, the controller 1 makes the fuel injector 8 start fuel injection for the cylinder undergoing the exhaust stroke at a timing a predetermined period VDINJ1 offset from the input of the REF signal. Thus, after the primary fuel injection, sequential fuel injection is performed for the cylinders #1-#4, in the sequence of #4-#2-#1-#3.

[0078] This process corresponds to the secondary injection performed for cylinder #4 and the secondary injection performed for cylinder #2 after the primary fuel injection in the starting period, as shown in FIGS. 15L and 15J. In the step S12 and S14, the controller 1 makes the fuel injector 8 start fuel injection immediately after the input of the REF signal. However in the step S15, the controller 1 makes the fuel injector 8 start fuel injection at a timing offset from the input of the REF signal.

[0079] After the process in any of the steps S12, S14 or S15 is performed, the controller terminates the subroutine.

[0080] Next referring to FIG. 6, the fuel injection control subroutine for the preliminary and starting periods in the extremely low temperature range performed by the controller 1 in the step S9 of FIG. 4 will be described.

[0081] First, in a step S16, the controller 1 determines whether or not the signal determined in the step S2 of FIG. 3 was the first REF signal recognized by the controller 1 after the first execution of the main routine. This determination is identical to that of the step S11 of FIG. 5.

[0082] Therefore, the condition is only satisfied when the present occasion is in the preliminary period. When the condition is satisfied, the controller 1 performs fuel injection for all the cylinders simultaneously in a step S17. This process is shown by the simultaneous injection for #1-#4 shown FIGS. 16I-16L. The injection pulse width for the fuel injection performed in this step is the value previously calculated in the step S4 of the main routine.

[0083] When the condition in the step S16 is not satisfied, it means that the present occasion is in the starting period, and that the cylinder-stroke identification signal has been inputted after the immediately preceding occasion when the subroutine was performed. In this case, in a step S18, the controller 1 determines whether or not the signal determined in the step S2 of FIG. 3 was the first cylinder-stroke identification signal.

[0084] When the determination result in the step S18 is affirmative, it means that it is a timing of the primary fuel injection in the starting period. In this case, in a step S19, the controller 1 immediately performs fuel injection only for the cylinder undergoing the intake stroke, thereby preventing adhesion of fuel or carbon to the ignition plug. This operation is shown by the second injection for cylinder #1 in FIG. 161 after the simultaneous injection for #1-#4.

[0085] When the determination result in the step S18 is negative, it means that it is a timing of the secondary fuel injection in the starting period. In this case, in a step S20, the controller 1 makes the fuel injector 8 start fuel injection for the cylinder undergoing the intake stroke at a timing, a predetermined period VDINJ2 offset from the input of the REF signal. Thus, after the primary fuel injection, sequential fuel injection is performed for the cylinders #1-#4, in the sequence of #3-#4-#2-#1.

[0086] This process corresponds to the secondary injection performed on cylinder #3 and the secondary injection performed on cylinder #4, as shown in FIGS. 16K and 16L. In the step S17 and S19, the controller 1 makes the fuel injector start fuel injection immediately after the input of the REF signal. However in the step S20, the controller 1 makes the fuel injector 8 start fuel injection at a timing offset from the input of the REF signal.

[0087] After the process in any of the steps S17, S19 or S20 is performed, the controller terminates the subroutine.

[0088] Next referring to FIG. 7, the fuel injection control subroutine in the normal operation period performed by the controller 1 in the step S10 of FIG. 4 will be described. In this subroutine, the controller 1 determines the fuel injection start timing on the basis of the fuel injection end timing.

[0089] First, in a step S21, the controller 1 reads the fuel injection pulse width. The value which is read out is a value calculated in the step S4 of FIG. 3 on the latest occasion.

[0090] Next in a step S22, a fuel injection end timing is calculated by executing a subroutine shown in FIG. 8.

[0091] In a next step S23, the rotation speed Ne of the engine 2 is calculated based on the REF signal or the POS signal.

[0092] In a next step S24, the fuel injection start timing is calculated on the basis of the fuel injection pulse width, the fuel injection end timing, and the engine rotation speed.

[0093] After the process of the step S24, the controller 1 terminates the routine.

[0094] Now referring to FIG. 8, the calculation subroutine for the fuel injection end timing performed in the step S22 of FIG. 7 will be described. Control of the fuel injection operation based on the fuel injection end timing is only performed in the normal operation period as clearly shown by the process shown in FIG. 4 above. Thus this subroutine is only applied to fuel injection in the normal operation period.

[0095] First, in a step S25, the controller 1 compares the water temperature TWINT detected by the water temperature sensor 15 when cranking was started with a first predetermined temperature of −15° C. When TWINT is lower than the first predetermined temperature, the engine rotation speed Ne is compared with a predetermined rotation speed in a step S26. Herein, the predetermined rotation speed is a value for determining if the engine 2 has accomplished a complete combustion. In this subroutine, the predetermined rotation speed is set to 1000 rpm.

[0096] When the engine rotation speed is less than the predetermined rotation speed in the step S26, the target fuel injection end timing is set to a predetermined timing in the intake stroke in a step S27. The end timing of the fuel injection in the intake stroke during the normal operation period shown in FIGS. 16I-16L is the timing set in this step S27.

[0097] When the water temperature TWINT is not lower than the first predetermined temperature in the step S25, or when the engine rotation speed Ne is not less than the predetermined speed in the step S26, the controller 1 sets the fuel injection end timing in a step S28 to a timing in the exhaust stroke (namely in the period when the air intake valve is closed) according to the engine rotation speed Ne by looking up a map prestored in the memory. The end timing of the fuel injection in the exhaust stroke during the normal operation period shown in FIGS. 15I-15L and FIGS. 16I-16L is the timing set in the step S28. Setting the end timing of the fuel injection in the exhaust stroke results in reduction of HC emissions. Increase in the engine rotation speed Ne leads to increase in the engine temperature, thereby preventing adhesion of fuel or carbon to the ignition plug. Accordingly, at high engine rotation speeds, it is not necessary to set the end timing of the fuel injection in the intake stroke.

[0098] After the process in the step S27 or S28 is performed, the controller 1 terminates the subroutine.

[0099] Next referring to FIG. 9, another embodiment with respect to the calculation subroutine of the fuel injection end timing will be described.

[0100] The process performed in the step S25, S27 and S28 is the same as those performed in the subroutine of FIG. 8.

[0101] The controller 1 performs the process of steps S70 and S71 instead of the step S26 when the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is lower than the first predetermined temperature in the step S25.

[0102] In the step S71, the accumulated number of REF signal inputs is compared with a reference value NREFH. Herein, the accumulated number of REF signal inputs is the value used in the step S6 of FIG. 4. Namely, in the step S71, it is determined whether or not the crankshaft 10 has been rotated a predetermined angle since the start of cranking.

[0103] The reference value NREFH is the value calculated in the preceding step S70 for determining if the fuel injection end timing should be switched over from the intake stroke to the exhaust stroke. The calculation is performed by looking up a prestored map in a memory from the water temperature TWINT at cranking start. As shown in FIG. 9, the reference value NREFH increases as the water temperature TWINT decreases.

[0104] When the accumulated number of REF signal inputs is less than the reference value NREFH in the step S71, the process of the step S27 is performed. On the other hand, when the accumulated number of REF signal inputs is not less than the reference value NREFH, the process of the step S28 is performed.

[0105] After performing the process in the step S27 or S28, the controller 1 terminates the subroutine.

[0106] In the subroutine in FIG. 8, after the engine rotation speed Ne reaches the predetermined rotation speed irrespective of the water temperature TWINT at cranking start, the fuel injection end timing is switched over from the intake stroke to the exhaust stroke. In this subroutine, however, the switching-over of the fuel injection end timing from the intake stroke to the exhaust stroke is delayed the lower the water temperature TWINT at cranking start.

[0107] Since fuel injection in the exhaust stroke is performed in the state where the intake valve is closed, there is a tendency that the injected fuel adheres to the valve body and increases wall flow. Thus when the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is low, it is preferable to delay the switching-over of the fuel injection end timing from the intake stroke to the exhaust stroke in order to stabilize the engine operation. The subroutine of FIG. 9 has been developed to meet this requirement.

[0108] Referring now to FIG. 10, the subroutine for calculating the fuel injection pulse width executed by the controller 1 in the step S4 of FIG. 3 will be described.

[0109] First, in a step S29, the controller 1 determines whether or not the first REF signal after cranking start has been input. When the first REF signal after cranking start has not been input, the injection pulse width for the simultaneous fuel injection to all the cylinders during the preliminary period is calculated in a step S35 by a subroutine shown in FIG. 11.

[0110] When the first REF signal after cranking start has already been input, in a step S30, the controller 1 determines whether or not the first cylinder-stroke identification signal has been input. When the first cylinder-stroke identification signal has not been input, in a step S34, the pulse width for the primary fuel injection is calculated by a subroutine shown in FIG. 12.

[0111] In contrast, when the first cylinder-stroke identification signal has already been input, the controller 1 determines whether or not the fuel injection during the starting period has completed in a step S31. This determination is the same as the determination performed in the step S6 of FIG. 4.

[0112] When the fuel injection during the starting period has not completed yet, in a step S33, the controller 1 calculates the pulse width for the secondary fuel injection by a subroutine shown in FIG. 13.

[0113] On the other hand, when the fuel injection during the starting period has completed, in a step S32, the controller 1 calculates the fuel injection pulse width for the normal operation period by a subroutine shown in FIG. 14.

[0114] After the fuel injection pulse width is calculated from any of the steps S32 through S35, the controller 1 terminates the routine.

[0115] Referring to FIG. 11, the routine for calculating the pulse width for the simultaneous fuel injection during the preliminary period that is performed in the step S35 of FIG. 10 will be described.

[0116] First, in a step S36, the controller 1 reads correction coefficients related to the fuel injection pulse width. The correction coefficients include an atmospheric pressure correction coefficient TATM for correcting variation in the mass of air resulting from variation in the atmospheric pressure, an intake pressure correction coefficient KBST which corrects the variation in the different between the fuel pressure of the fuel pump and the nozzle pressure of the fuel injector 8 resulting from the pressure variation in the intake pipe 3, and a time correction coefficient KTST for correcting variation in the fuel vaporization ratio resulting from temperature variation in the intake valve 18 according to the elapsed time after cranking start.

[0117] Then in a step S37, the controller 1 calculates a basic value TST1 for the preliminary fuel injection by looking up a map which is prestored in the memory from the water temperature TWINT at cranking start. As shown in the figure, the basic value TST1 increases as the water temperature TWINT at cranking start decreases.

[0118] It should be noted that, when the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is not lower than a second predetermined temperature of 10° C., the basic value TST1 takes a value of zero.

[0119] In the low temperature range or extremely low temperature range, the fuel injection amount required for the fuel injection in the starting period is so large that the fuel injection amount that can be injected during the starting period may not meet the requirement. The preliminary fuel injection has a purpose of supplying fuel to prevent the shortage of fuel when the first combustion is performed as well as to form a wall flow.

[0120] Due to the above reason, the map of TST1 has been arranged such that the basic value TST1 takes a larger value the lower the water temperature TWINT at cranking start. The map is prepared through a comparison of the required fuel injection amount in the low and extremely low temperature ranges with a physical limit of the fuel injector 8 with respect to the fuel injection amount.

[0121] In a next step S38, the controller 1 calculates a fuel injection pulse width TIST1 for the preliminary fuel injection by multiplying the basic value TST1 by the coefficients above.

[0122] In a next step S39, a minimum fuel injection pulse width TEMIN is read. The minimum fuel injection pulse width TEMIN represents the minimum value of the pulse width that can be handled by the fuel injector 8.

[0123] In a step S40, the fuel injection pulse width TIST1 for the preliminary fuel injection is compared with the minimum pulse width TEMIN. When the fuel injection pulse width TIST1 is smaller than the minimum pulse width TEMIN, it means that the fuel injection amount is too small to be handled by fuel injector 8. Consequently the controller 1 stores the fuel injection pulse width TIST1 as a stored value TIST1M in a step S41, and in a subsequent step S42, the fuel injection pulse width TIST1 is set to zero. The stored value TIST1 M is added to the fuel injection pulse width in the next occasion fuel injection is performed. After the process of the step S42, the controller 1 executes the process of a step S43.

[0124] In the step S40, when the fuel injection pulse width TIST1 is not smaller than the minimum pulse width TEMIN, the controller 1 skips the process of the steps S41 and S42 and proceeds to the process of the step S43.

[0125] In the step S43, the preliminary fuel injection pulse width is set equal to the pulse width TIST1. After this process, the controller 1 terminates the subroutine.

[0126] According to this subroutine, the value of TIST1 varies in response to the water temperature TWINT at cranking start. When the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is higher than the second predetermined temperature, TIST1 takes a value of zero. As a result, when the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is higher than the second predetermined temperature of 10° C., the preliminary fuel injection, i. e., the simultaneous fuel injection to all the cylinders in the preliminary period is not performed as shown in FIGS. 17I-17L.

[0127] Referring now to FIG. 12, the routine for calculating the primary fuel injection pulse width in the starting period that is performed in the step S34 of FIG. 10 will be described.

[0128] First, in a step S44, the controller 1 reads the target fuel injection pulse width TIPS, which is required for initial combustion, that was calculated in another routine based on a target equivalence ratio TFBYA and the basic injection pulse width TP. Since the calculation of the basic injection pulse width TP, the target equivalence ratio TFBYA and the calculation of the target fuel injection pulse width TIPS based on these two values are known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,615,660, the calculation process of these values are omitted in this description.

[0129] In a next step S45, the atmospheric pressure correction coefficient TATM, the intake air pipe pressure correction coefficient KBST and the time correction coefficient KTST described above are read.

[0130] In a next step S46, the controller 1 calculates a basic value TST2 for the primary fuel injection pulse width in the starting period by looking up a map prestored in the memory based on the water temperature TWINT at cranking start. The basic value TST2 takes larger values the lower the water temperature TWINT at cranking start as shown in the figure.

[0131] In a next step S47, the controller 1 calculates the primary fuel injection pulse width TIST2 for the starting period by multiplying the basic value TST2 by the above coefficients.

[0132] In a next step S48, it is determined whether or not the preliminary fuel injection pulse width TST1 set in the subroutine of FIG. 11 has a value of zero.

[0133] When the preliminary fuel injection pulse width TIST1 is zero, in a step S49, the stored value TIST1M set in the step S41 of FIG. 11 is added to the value for TIST2 and the resulting value is set as the primary fuel injection pulse width TIST2 for the starting period. After the process of the step S49, the controller 1 performs the process of the step S50.

[0134] When on the other hand the preliminary fuel injection pulse width TIST1 is not zero, the step S49 is skipped and the process in the step S50 is performed.

[0135] In the step S50, the controller 1 compares the primary fuel injection pulse width TIST2 for the starting period with a value obtained by subtracting the primary fuel injection pulse width TIST1 from the target fuel injection pulse width TIPS read in the step S44. The preliminary fuel injection pulse width TIST1 is the value calculated in the subroutine of FIG. 11. After the comparison, the larger of the two values is set as the primary fuel injection pulse width for the starting period.

[0136] The process in the step S50 has the following meaning.

[0137] The primary fuel injection pulse width TIST2 for the starting period does not depend on the intake air amount of the engine 2 as clearly shown by its process of determination. On the other hand, when the intake air amount of the engine 2 varies, the fuel injection amount must be varied in order to maintain a target air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture. Thus when the intake air amount of the engine 2 has been varied, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fluctuates if the fuel injection is performed according only to the value for TIST2. Consequently adverse effects result in view of the stability of combustion or the exhaust emission components of the engine 2.

[0138] In the step S50, a fuel injection pulse width required for the current fuel injection is calculated by subtracting the injection pulse width TIST1 already injected by the preliminary fuel injection from the target fuel injection pulse width TIPS set in response to the intake air amount, and then the primary fuel injection pulse width TIST2 in the starting period is adapted not to fall below the calculated pulse width.

[0139] After the process in the step S50, the controller 1 terminates the subroutine.

[0140] Referring now to FIG. 13, the subroutine for calculating the secondary fuel injection pulse width for the second or subsequent fuel injection occasion in the starting period that is performed in the step S33 of FIG. 10 will be described.

[0141] First, in a step S51, the target fuel injection pulse width TIPS is read in the same manner as the step S44 of the FIG. 12.

[0142] In a next step S52, the atmospheric pressure correction coefficient TATM, the intake air pipe pressure correction coefficient KBST and the time correction coefficient KTST are read in the same manner as the step S45 of FIG. 12.

[0143] In a next step S53, the controller 1 calculates a basic value TST3 for the secondary fuel injection pulse width for the second or subsequent fuel injection occasion in the starting period by looking up a map prestored in the memory based on the water temperature TWINT at cranking start. The basic value TST3 takes larger values the lower the water temperature TWINT at cranking start as shown in the figure.

[0144] In a next step S54, the controller 1 calculates the secondary fuel injection pulse width TIST3 for the starting period by multiplying the basic value TST3 by the various coefficients above.

[0145] In a next step S55, it is determined whether or not the preliminary fuel injection pulse width TIST1 set in the subroutine of FIG. 11 has a value of zero.

[0146] When the preliminary fuel injection pulse width TIST1 is zero, in a step S56, the stored value TIST1M set in the step S41 of FIG. 11 is added to the value for TIST3 and the resulting value is set as the secondary fuel injection pulse width TIST3 on the second or subsequent fuel injection occasion for the starting period. After the process of the step S56, the controller performs the process in the step S57.

[0147] When on the other hand the preliminary fuel injection pulse width TIST1 is not zero, the step S56 is skipped and the process in the step S57 is performed.

[0148] In the step S57, the controller 1 compares the secondary fuel injection pulse width TIST3 with a value obtained by subtracting the preliminary fuel injection pulse width TIST1 from the target fuel injection pulse width TIPS read in the step S51. The preliminary fuel injection pulse width TIST1 is the value calculated in the subroutine of FIG. 11. The larger of the two values is then set as the secondary fuel injection pulse width for the second or subsequent fuel injection occasion in the starting period.

[0149] After performing the process of the step S50, the controller 1 terminates the subroutine.

[0150] Referring now to FIG. 14, the subroutine for calculating the fuel injection pulse width for the normal operation period performed in the step S32 of FIG. 10 will be described. The fuel injection pulse width in the normal operation period is herein after referred to as a normal fuel injection pulse width.

[0151] First, in a step S58, the controller 1 reads the target fuel injection pulse width CTI for each cylinder. The target fuel injection pulse width CTI for each cylinder is a value which is determined in response to the intake air amount Qc in the same manner as the target fuel injection pulse width TIPS described above. The calculation of the target injection pulse width CTI for each cylinder is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,404,862.

[0152] In a next step S59, the atmospheric pressure correction coefficient TATM, the intake air pipe pressure correction coefficient KBST and the time correction coefficient KTST are read in the same manner as the step S45 of FIG. 12.

[0153] In a next step S60, the controller 1 reads the rotation speed Ne of the engine 2.

[0154] In a next step S61, a rotation speed correction coefficient KNST is calculated by looking up a map prestored in the memory based on the rotation speed Ne of the engine 2. The rotation speed correction coefficient KNST is a coefficient which corrects effects of variation in the engine rotation speed on the fuel injection pulse width.

[0155] In a step S62, the controller 1 calculates a basic value TST4 for the normal fuel injection pulse width by looking up a map prestored in the memory based on the water temperature TWINT at cranking start. The basic value TST4 takes larger values the lower the water temperature TWINT at cranking start as shown in the figure.

[0156] In a next step S63, the controller 1 calculates the normal fuel injection pulse width TIST4 by multiplying the basic value TST4 by the various coefficients above.

[0157] In a next step S64, the target fuel injection pulse width CTI is compared with the normal fuel injection pulse width TIST4 and the larger of the two values is set as the normal fuel injection pulse width. After the step S63, the controller 1 terminates the subroutine.

[0158] The result of the above control routines performed by the controller 1 is that the preliminary fuel injection is performed for all the cylinders for the first time when the first REF signal is input and the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is not larger than the second predetermined temperature of 10° C. In the normal temperature range in which the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is not lower than the second predetermined temperature, the preliminary fuel injection is not performed.

[0159] Next, when the first cylinder-stroke identification signal is input, if the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is not lower than the first predetermined temperature of −15° C., fuel injection is performed simultaneously for the cylinder undergoing the intake stroke and the cylinder undergoing the exhaust stroke when the cylinder-stroke identification signal is input. In the extremely low temperature range in which the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is lower than the first predetermined temperature of −15° C., fuel injection is performed only for the cylinder undergoing the exhaust stroke.

[0160] Thereafter, fuel injection is performed sequentially on each occasion a cylinder-stroke identification signal is input until the accumulated number of REF signal inputs reaches a value of four. However when the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is not lower than the first predetermined temperature of −15° C., fuel injection is performed for the cylinder undergoing the exhaust stroke when the cylinder-stroke identification signal is input. In the extremely low temperature range in which the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is lower than the first predetermined temperature of −15° C., fuel injection for the cylinder undergoing the intake stroke is performed when a cylinder-stroke identification signal is input.

[0161] When the accumulated number of REF signal inputs reaches the value of four, fuel injection for normal operation period is performed sequentially for each cylinder. In this fuel injection, firstly the fuel injection end timing and the injection pulse width for each cylinder are determined. Then the fuel injection start timing is determined by subtracting the injection pulse width from the fuel injection end timing.

[0162] This fuel injection is performed for each cylinder that undergoes the exhaust stroke when the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is note lower than the first predetermined temperature of −15° C. In the extremely low temperature range in which the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is lower than the first predetermined temperature of −15° C., however, fuel injection is performed in response to the engine rotation speed. That is to say, when the engine rotation speed is less than the predetermined speed, fuel injection is performed for the cylinder undergoing the intake stroke. After the engine rotation speed reaches the predetermined rotation speed, fuel injection is performed for the cylinder undergoing the exhaust stroke in the same manner as when the water temperature TWINT at cranking start is note lower than the first predetermine temperature of −15° C.

[0163] Referring to FIGS. 15I-15L, FIGS. 16I-16L and FIGS. 17I-17L, the first combustion takes place in cylinder #1. When the first cylinder-stroke identification signal is input to the controller 1, the cylinder #1 is undergoing the intake stroke. If the primary fuel injection is not performed for the cylinder undergoing the intake stroke, only the fuel injected by the preliminary fuel injection is burnt by the first combustion in the cylinder #1. This may result in an extremely lean air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture and make the combustion unstable.

[0164] According to this invention, however, the primary fuel injection for the cylinder in the intake stroke is performed in any temperature range, so every cylinder undergoes fuel injection other than the preliminary fuel injection before it performs the first combustion. As a result, insufficiency of fuel in a specific cylinder when cranking the engine 2 is prevented, and the stability of combustion of the engine 2 during crank up is increased. As a result, the time required for cranking can be shortened and toxic components in the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 2 during start-up are also reduced.

[0165] Furthermore, since the preliminary fuel injection is performed for all the cylinders in the low temperature range and the extremely low temperature range before the input of the first cylinder-stroke identification signal, fuel injection amount required for the first combustion is ensured in every cylinder irrespective of the water temperature at cranking start.

[0166] Referring to FIG. 15 and FIG. 17, in the low/normal temperature range, when the controller 1 performs the first cylinder identification operation, a group injection operation is performed on the cylinder undergoing an intake stroke and the cylinder undergoing an exhaust stroke at that time, that is to say, the #1 cylinder and #3 cylinder. Thereafter sequential fuel injection is performed on cylinders undergoing an exhaust stroke, in the sequence of #4 cylinder and #2 cylinder. Although initial combustion should take place in #1 cylinder which undergoes the primary fuel injection in the intake stroke, when initial combustion fails, additional injection is performed on #4 cylinder which is undergoing an intake stroke at that time, as shown by a letter “B” in FIG. 23. A combustion failure is detected by determining whether or not there is a rapid increase in the engine rotation speed resulting from initial combustion.

[0167] This point will be described in further detail below. The fuel injection pulse width for injection into each cylinder is determined on the basis of operating conditions when fuel injection is started. As a result, the injection pulse width TIST3 for the #4 cylinder after switching to sequential fuel injection is set on the premise that an amount of fuel corresponding to the primary fuel injection pulse width TIST2 injected into the #1 cylinder during the primary fuel injection is aspirated into the #1 cylinder and that initial combustion is performed in the #1 cylinder.

[0168] The initial combustion “a” in the #1 cylinder normally occurs before the fuel injected the #4 cylinder in the exhaust stroke (as shown by the fuel injection “A” in FIG. 23) is aspirated. This initial combustion results in an increase in the engine rotation speed Ne. A prominent negative pressure is produced in the aspiration ports by this increase in the engine rotation speed. As a result, the level of fuel vaporization is increased and the air amount aspirated into the cylinder is decreased by the reduction in efficiency of aspiration. Thus, the required fuel injection pulse width for the initial combustion in the #4 cylinder decreases with the increase in the engine rotation speed Ne, as shown in FIG. 18. Therefore, the required fuel injection pulse width TIST3, which is used for the secondary fuel injection to the #4 cylinder in the starting period, decreases in comparison to the injection pulse width TIST2 corresponding to the primary fuel injection to the #1 cylinder and the #3 cylinder in the starting period. Accordingly, in the starting period, the fuel injection pulse width on the #4 cylinder is set to be smaller than that on the #1 cylinder and the #3 cylinder. In other words, an injection pulse width TIST3 for the sequential fuel injection in the exhaust stroke is set to be smaller than that for the primary fuel injection pulse width TIST2. The additional injection is performed on the #4 cylinder so as to prevent the shortage of fuel amount when the initial combustion in the #1 cylinder fails.

[0169] Referring to the flowchart in FIG. 19, additional fuel injection performed as a result of initial combustion failure will be described. The controller 1 performs the routine shown in FIG. 19 with an interrupt processing, when the crankshaft 10 has been rotated a predetermined crank angle after the compression top dead center (TDC) of the #1 cylinder, as shown by “b” in FIG. 23. For example, the predetermined crank angle is 40 degrees. In a step S61, it is determined whether or not initial combustion resulting from the primary fuel injection has occurred at an expected timing for initial combustion in the #1 cylinder. Precisely, it is determined whether or not there is a rapid increase in the engine rotation speed after the #1 cylinder has reached a compression top dead center (#1 TDC). The controller 1 performs this determination based on the POS signal and the REF signal from the crank angle sensor 9. For example, the increase in the engine rotation speed may be determined by comparing the rotational speed of the crankshaft at 40 degrees after #1 TDC with that at #1 TDC or before #1 TDC.

[0170] If initial combustion occurs in the #1 cylinder, the routine proceeds to a step S62, where the additional fuel injection is inhibited and sequential fuel injection control is continuously performed in synchrony with the exhaust stroke.

[0171] When initial combustion does not occur in the #1 cylinder, in a step S63, additional fuel injection is performed. This is due to the fact that the pulse width at the secondary fuel injection “A” as shown in FIG. 23 is smaller than that producing a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio when initial combustion does not occur in the #1 cylinder. In other words, as shown in FIG. 20, the air-fuel ratio is lean and there is the possibility that a misfire will result. Consequently, there is the possibility that startup time will increase. Furthermore there is the possibility of adverse effects on the HC concentration of the exhaust gas. In order to prevent lean misfiring, additional fuel injection is performed in a step S63. Thus it is possible to suppress the discharge of uncombusted HC and delays in startup time by performing additional injection on the cylinder undergoing an intake stroke when initial combustion fails.

[0172] When the initial combustion does not occur as originally expected in #1 cylinder, an additional fuel injection “B” having a fuel injection pulse width TIST5 is performed in order to produce a gaseous fuel mixture allowing initial combustion of the #4 cylinder. This additional fuel injection is performed during an intake stroke in the #4 cylinder which has already undergone fuel injection during the first exhaust stroke.

[0173] Referring to FIG. 21, a routine for calculating the injection pulse width TIST5 related to the addition fuel injection operation will be described. In a step S71, the controller 1 reads various types of correction coefficients related to the fuel pulse width. The correction coefficients include an atmospheric pressure correction TATM for correcting variation in the mass of air resulting from variation in the atmospheric pressure, an air intake pipe pressure correction KBST for correcting the variation in the differential pressure between the fuel pressure and the nozzle pressure of the fuel injector 8 (the variation being produced by the pressure variation in the air intake pipe 3), and a time correction KTST for correcting variation in the fuel vaporization ratio resulting from temperature variation in the air intake valve 18 in response to the elapsed time after cranking startup.

[0174] In the step S72, a basic value TST5 is determined by looking up a map prestored in the memory based on the water temperature TWINT at the start of cranking. The map shown in FIG. 21 determines the relationship of the water temperature TWINT at the start of cranking and the basic value. The basic value TST5 increases with decreasing water temperature TWINT. Then in a step S73, the controller 1 calculates an additional injection pulse width TIST5, by multiplying the basic value TST5 by the correction coefficients above. In a step S74, the controller compares the additional injection pulse width TIST5 with a value obtained by subtracting the secondary injection pulse width TIST3 from the target fuel injection pulse width TIPS set in response to the intake air amount. The larger of the two values is set as the actual additional injection pulse width to prevent the additional injection pulse width from falling below the target fuel injection pulse width.

[0175] Thus, the additional injection pulse width TIST5 is greater than the difference of the secondary fuel injection pulse width TIST3 (already completely injected in the exhaust stroke) and the primary fuel injection pulse width TIST2 (the amount of fuel injected to a group of cylinders undergoing an exhaust or intake stroke). In other words, the relationship that TIST5 is greater than or equal to TIST2-TIST3 is established.

[0176] In this manner, when initial combustion fails in the #1 cylinder, it is possible to prevent misfiring by increasing the fuel injection amount with respect to the #4 cylinder in which the injected fuel amount is insufficient for initial combustion. As a result, it is possible to suppress delay in the startup time and to avoid discharges of uncombusted HC.

[0177] Further, the controller 1 functions to control the additional fuel injection based on the injection start timing therefor. The calculation of the start timing for the addition fuel injection “B” will not be completed in time if it is performed using the injection end timing as a reference. Consequently, injection pulse is set using the injection start timing as a reference. In this manner, the additional fuel injection is performed immediately after determining that addition injection is required. However, the retard limit for the injection end timing at this time is set as a limit for aspiration of fuel. Consequently, it is possible to avoid the injection timing from being over delayed and fuel injected during addition fuel injection from not being aspirated by the necessary cylinder.

[0178] As shown in FIG. 22A, the HC concentration in the exhaust gas increases as the injection end timing is near to the retard limit and lean misfiring occurs when the injection end timing exceeds the retard limit. As shown in FIG. 22B, when the injection end timing is near to the retard limit, the average effective pressure during combustion of the cylinder decreases. For such reasons, the injection end timing is set so as not to exceed the retard limit.

[0179] Furthermore the determination of whether initial combustion has occurred may be performed not only on the #1 cylinder but on every cylinder which is expected to undergo initial combustion. Namely, the controller 1 may perform the routine shown in FIG. 19 with an interrupt processing, at the predetermined crank angle after the compression top dead center (TDC) of every cylinder. Thus the additional fuel injection control may be continuously performed until all cylinders undergo initial combustion. In this manner, it is possible to minimize increases in the startup time of the engine even when combustion does not occur in a certain cylinder.

[0180] The entire contents of Japanese Patent Application P2001-246501 (filed Aug. 15, 2001) are incorporated herein by reference.

[0181] Although the invention has been described above by reference to certain embodiments of the invention, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.

[0182] Modifications and variations of the embodiments described above will occur to those skilled in the art, in light of the above teachings. The scope of the invention is defined with reference to the following claims.

Claims

1. A fuel injection control device for an internal combustion engine, the engine comprising a crankshaft, a plurality of cylinders which sequentially perform a combustion of fuel and a starter motor which cranks up the engine, each of the cylinders having an intake port and a fuel injector which injects fuel into the intake port and sequentially performing an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, the device comprising: a first sensor which identifies a cylinder in a specific position in a specific stroke and generates a corresponding signal; a second sensor which detects combustion of fuel; and a controller functioning to: execute a cylinder-stroke identification identifying a present stroke of each cylinder based on the signal generated by the first sensor; command the fuel injectors to simultaneously perform a primary fuel injection for a cylinder in the exhaust stroke and for a cylinder in the intake stroke, on a first execution of the cylinder-stroke identification; determine the presence or absence of fuel combustion as a result of the primary fuel injection based on a signal generated by the second sensor; and command an additional fuel injection, when the fuel combustion is not occurring, to the fuel injector of a cylinder undergoing an intake stroke at the time that the absence of fuel combustion is determined.

2. The fuel injection control device as defined by claim 1, wherein the controller is further functioning to: control the fuel injectors to perform sequential fuel injection for each cylinder in an exhaust stroke, after the primary fuel injection; and set the fuel injection amount for the sequential fuel injection to be smaller than the fuel injection amount of the primary fuel injection.

3. The fuel injection control device as defined in claim 2, wherein the controller is further functioning to set the injection amount for the additional injection to coincide with the difference between the injection amount for the primary fuel injection and the injection amount for the sequential fuel injection.

4. The fuel injection control device as defined in claim 1 further comprising a third sensor which detects an engine temperature, wherein the controller is further functioning to: determine the injection amount of the additional fuel injection based on the engine temperature.

5. The fuel injection control device as defined in claim 1, wherein the controller is further functioning to control the additional fuel injection based on a start timing of the additional fuel injection so that the additional fuel injection is performed immediately after determining the absence of the fuel combustion as a result of the primary fuel injection.

6. The fuel injection control device as defined in claim 2, further comprising a fourth sensor which generates a signal indicative of a specific rotational position of the crankshaft, wherein the controller is further functioning to: count a number of the generation of the signal by the fourth sensor; set a start timing of the sequential fuel injection by a process of first determining an end timing and an injection period, and then subtracting the injection period from the end timing, if the number of the generation of the signal is greater than or equal to a predetermined number; and set the start timing of the sequential fuel injection at a timing a predetermined period later than the generation of the signal by the fourth sensor, if the number of the generation of the signal is less than the predetermined number.

7. The fuel injection control device as defined in claim 1, further comprising a third sensor which detects an engine temperature, wherein the controller is further functioning to: control the fuel injectors to perform a fuel injection for all cylinders simultaneously before the first execution of the cylinder-stroke identification, if the engine temperature is less than a predetermined temperature.

8. The fuel injection control device as defined in claim 7, wherein the controller is further functioning to: set the fuel injection amount for the simultaneous injection to all cylinders to coincide with the difference of the injection amount required for initial combustion and the fuel amount for the primary fuel injection.

9. The fuel injection control device as defined in claim 1, wherein the second sensor detects a rotation speed of the engine and the controller determines the presence or absence of fuel combustion by detecting the increase in the rotation speed of the engine.

10. A fuel injection control device for an internal combustion engine, the engine comprising a crankshaft, a plurality of cylinders which sequentially perform a combustion of fuel and a starter motor which cranks up the engine, each of the cylinders having an intake port and a fuel injector which injects fuel into the intake port and sequentially performing an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, the device comprising: first means for identifying a cylinder in a specific position in a specific stroke and generating a corresponding signal; second means for detecting combustion of fuel; third means for executing a cylinder-stroke identification identifying a present stroke of each cylinder based on the signal generated by the first means; fourth means for commanding the fuel injectors to simultaneously perform a primary fuel injection for a cylinder in the exhaust stroke and for a cylinder in the intake stroke, on a first execution of the cylinder-stroke identification; fifth means for determining the presence or absence of fuel combustion as a result of the primary fuel injection based on a signal generated by the second sensor; and sixth means for commanding an additional fuel injection, when the fuel combustion is not occurring, to the fuel injector of a cylinder undergoing an intake stroke at the time that the absence of fuel combustion is determined.

11. A fuel injection controlling method for an internal combustion engine, the engine comprising a crankshaft, a plurality of cylinders which sequentially perform a combustion of fuel and a starter motor which cranks up the engine, each of the cylinders having an intake port and a fuel injector which injects fuel into the intake port and sequentially performing an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, the method comprising: generating a signal identified with a cylinder in a specific position in a specific stroke; executing a cylinder-stroke identification identifying a present stroke of each cylinder based on the generated signal; commanding the fuel injectors to simultaneously perform a primary fuel injection for a cylinder in the exhaust stroke and for a cylinder in the intake stroke, on a first execution of the cylinder-stroke identification; determining the presence or absence of fuel combustion as a result of the primary fuel injection; and commanding an additional fuel injection, when the fuel combustion is not occurring, to the fuel injector of a cylinder undergoing an intake stroke at the time that the absence of fuel combustion is determined.