Patent Application
20070006526
None.
Not applicable.
The present invention generally relates to for formation of environmentally friendly, fuel pellet briquettes and more particularly to their formation from biomass (e.g., municipal solid waste (MSW) burnable fractions), recovered coal from coal slurry ponds, and binder.
A variety of biomass sources provide an opportunity as a fuel source. Often, such biomass is a “waste” material, such as sawdust from lumber mills, waste wood pallets, construction wood waste, and the like. Additionally, cellulose and like burnable fractions from municipal solid waste (MSW) represents another potential fuel source, once it is successfully separated from the entire MSW.
In an environmentally related area, abandoned coal fines represent a continuing and unnecessary liability to the mine owner. In the United States alone, there are an estimated one billion tons of economically recoverable coal fines. This is the energy equivalent of approximately 10 years of electricity needs for the United States.
Uniting these two fuel sources would represent an opportunity to reuse and recycle materials that otherwise represent a disposal burden. It is to such an opportunity that the present invention is addressed.
The invention makes burnable renewal fuel (RF) briquettes from recovered coal from coal slurry ponds, biomass, and a binder. The briquettes may be augmented with one or more of recovered environmental burnable fraction from municipal solid waste (MSW), agricultural livestock waste, lumber processing residue, solid wood waste material, agricultural by-products and crops, and like burnable waste material.
Accordingly, the method for making burnable renewal fuel (RF) briquettes includes the steps of recovering coal from coal slurry ponds; recovering biomass; adding a binder to said recovered coal and said biomass; and forming solid burnable RF fuel briquettes therefrom.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
It will be described in further detail below.
The inventive burnable renewal fuel (RF) briquettes are formed from three primary materials: recovered coal from coal slurry ponds; biomass; and a binder therefor.
Coal Slurry Fines Component
One coal slurry recovery system is represented in U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,425 (the '425 patent), the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. The '425 patent employs a tank that dewaters coal slurry ponds for recovering coal fines from their admixture with water and contaminants, that forms the coal slurry pond. Other separation techniques and equipment could be used also, provided that the recovered coal fines were not overly contaminated with heavy metals, chlorine sources, and like materials whose presence is no desired when combustion of the coal fines is implemented. Purity of the coal fines is more important than the recovery rate of the process to be employed. That is, the final fuel briquette must comply with current laws regarding combustion by-products and like environmental laws and regulations.
The particular type or grade of coal fines is unimportant, as such fines otherwise would remain burden to the owner; rather than an opportunity to utilize the energy component of such coal fines.
Biomass Component
A primary biomass source is solid waste materials of the type typified by MSW, which traditionally have presented problems of disposal. These disposal difficulties have become increasingly critical as populations have expanded and as the per capita production of solid waste has increased. In addition to using waste as a source of fuel or compost, industrial and home refuse or MSW typically comprises several components or fractions, which are worth reclaiming. In particular, glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, plastic, and paper components are sufficiently valuable to justify their separation from composite MSW. Conventionally, such solid waste has been disposed of by incineration and/or landfill. With the present concern over problems associated with the protection of the environment and because of scarcity of landfill space and governmental regulations, both of these traditional techniques of disposal have become undesirable. Further, separation systems, to remain efficient, must be capable of having a reasonably high throughput rate for the material processed and since MSW varies from one area to the next, and between collections, the separation system also must be capable of handling materials, which vary widely in nature and composition. To the present, the throughput rates of conventional systems have not been adequately high enough to derive efficiencies permitting the use of equipment in municipalities of small or medium size. However, because of the ever-increasing rigid requirements for carrying out waste treatment and because of the increasing scarcity of landfill space, some technique must be found to effectively increase such output rates.
To achieve the efficient separation of more valuable fractions of MSW and to derive environmentally safe, marketable compost or renewal fuel product, a waste treatment process should be carried out wherein raw MSW is passed through a variety of reduction, separation, and related treatment stages. These stages serve to remove inorganic components such as metals, glass, and plastics from the organic component of the MSW. The segregated or separated by-product materials, such as ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass, and plastic, increasingly are becoming valuable resources worthy of the expenditure of capital for effective separation equipment. Of course, the quality and resultant value of the organic material also is dependent upon the corresponding quality of separation, the presence of plastics, glass, or other foreign particles being undesirable or unacceptable for most commercial applications.
A broad variety of separation techniques have been known to industry. Among those, both manual and automatic techniques have been used. The manual technique that generally involves human pickers usually is neither cost effective nor desirable. The automatic techniques which rely on the fraction size for sorting by a grizzly or the magnetic characteristics of the fraction or the density of the fraction for air separation have generally not been employed by industry in such a manner as to eliminate the extensive need of human pickers to further separate MSW into the various fractions where air separation techniques have been applied to municipal waste separation. Designers have found that achieving high quality separation within reasonable cost limits proves to be an elusive goal. Since municipal waste varies widely in geographical, as well as daily, make-up and consistency, a uniform product is not available for separation treatment. Therefore, any separation system involving the sorting of solid waste must be capable of handling a wide variation of waste components.
One acceptable such MSW separation system is represented in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,844,351, 4,540,495, and 4,342,830, this disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Additional biomass includes, for example, agricultural animal waste (e.g., manure); agricultural livestock waste nutrients such as, for example, litter, wood shavings, rice hulls, straw, and like animal bedding; forest related waste, such as, for example, mill and timber harvesting residue, pre-commercial thinning lumber, slash, and brush; sold wood waster, such as, for example, waste wooden pallets, crates, dunnage, manufacturing and construction wood wastes (other than pressure-treated, chemically treated, or painted wood waste), landscape or right-of-way tree trimmings, and the like; agricultural sources including, for example, bagasse, orchard tree crops, vineyard, grain, legumes, sugar, and like crop by-products and residues; and the like and mixtures thereof.
Thus, it will be apparent that a wide variety of biomass is suitable for inclusion in the inventive fuel pellets or briquettes. Individual biomass components often have a size of around 0.25 inches or smaller, which is suitable for use in the present invention.
Binder Component
A wide variety of materials are suitable for use as a binder in making the inventive fuel briquettes. The binder similarly can be a waste product and/or it can be a new binder material. Traditionally, molten hydrocarbons (e.g., asphalt) have been used to bind coal fines together for forming briquettes. Additional binders include, for example, wood tar, starch (e.g., corn starch), and the like. Burnable binders enhance the process and the value of the inventive fuel briquettes. Just enough binder is used in order to produce fuel briquettes that have sufficient mechanical strength to be handled from production to burning.
Briquetting Equipment
Briquetters of choice often influence the choice and amount of binder. Representative briquetters include the Model DH briquetters (K.R. Komarek, Inc., Elk Grove, Ill. 60007). Heat and pressure typically is used by commercial briquetting equipment and can be used for making the inventive fuel briquettes.
Briquetting Process
Referring to
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. In this application all units are in the metric system and all amounts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise expressly indicated. Also, all citations referred herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
