Patent Application
20050221040
This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/323,729 which is based on and claims priority to Japanese patent applications No. 2001-394560 filed Dec. 26 2001, and, No. 2001-394564 filed December 26, the entirety of each is hereby incorporated into the present application by this reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fuel tube, which can suitably be used mainly for a fuel system vapor piping.
Utility of the fuel tube of the present invention is not limited to only the aforementioned vapor piping. For example, the present invention can be applied to a multi-layered resin tube for a fuel such as a fuel inlet tube which is directly contacted with a fuel.
The present invention can be applied to a fuel as far as it is a motorcar system fuel such as gasoline, gas oil, LPG and the like.
2. Description of Related Art
Previously, in order to enhance the anti-fuel permeability of a fuel tube, there have been proposed a number of fuel tubes composed of a multi-layer using a thermoplastic resin having the better barrier property. And, regarding interlayer adhesion in a fuel tube composed of a multi-layer, there have been a number of reports.
For example, JP-A 11-321859 discloses a fuel tube in which a barrier layer composed of EVOH and a layer (protective layer) composed of a polymer alloy of HDPE and maleic acid-modified polyethylene are laminated without using an adhesive layer.
However, there was a problem that the aforementioned fuel tube is weaker in the interlayer adhering force as compared with a fuel tube in which layers are connected via an adhesive layer. In addition, since the aforementioned fuel tube is thick (total thickness: 1.5 mm or larger), there was a problem that it is poor in the flexibility.
An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel tube having the strong interlayer adhering force even without using an adhesive layer, and having an excellent flexibility, while retaining the anti-fuel permeability equivalent to that of the conventional fuel tube.
A fuel resin tube of the present invention has the construction such that it is provided with an EVOH layer formed of an extruded EVOH material based on EVOH and a modified HDPE layer formed of an extruded modified HDPE material based on a polymer alloy which is based on a modified HDPE or containing mainly a modified HDPE. And, the modified HDPE is a material modified with dicarboxylic acid, which has the MFR value (190° C.; JIS K 7210): about 0.02 to 10.0 g/10 min.
By forming the modified HDPE layer of dicarboxylic acid-modified HDPE, the modified HDPE layer (outer layer) retains the prescribed flexibility, and the adherability with an EVOH layer (barrier layer) is improved.
In the foregoing, it is desirable that the modified HDPE is maleic acid modified HDPE. This is because the adherability with an EVOH layer becomes further better.
In the foregoing, it is desirable that an alloy component of the extruded modified HDPE material is an olefin system copolymer having many branches and/or intermediate density or low density polyethylene. This is because the flexibility and the moldability of a fuel tube are improved.
In the foregoing, it is desireble that the oelfin series copolymer has the properties of the MFR value (230° C., JIS K 7210): about 0.1 to 100 g/10 min. and the bending module (ASTM D 790): about 5 to 100 Mpa. This makes the flexibility and the moldability of a fuel tube to be improved.
In the aforementioned construction, it is desireble that an olefin series comonomer is selected from ehylene, propylene, orbutene. An olefin series copolymer composed of these comonomers is excellent in the general utility and the compatibility with modified HDPE, and a fuel tube having the better properties and the moldability is easily obtained.
In the aforementioned construction, it is desirable that modified HDPE is selected in a range of density: 930 to 975 kg/cm3.
The aforementioned fuel tube can be formed by simultaneously extruding a modified HDPE layer (outer layer) and an EVOH layer (barrier layer), and can be formed in a bellows shape. Since the adherability becomes better as described above, interlayer pealing does not occur even when processed into a bellows shape.
Moreover, in the aforementioned respective construction, the modified HDPE layer (inner layer) can be also formed inside the EVOH layer. In this case, it is preferable for fuel tube like a fuel inlet tube such that the fuel is directly in contact with the inner layer.
Another fuel tube of the present invention is a fuel tube equipped with an EVOH layer (barrier layer) formed with an EVOH extruded material based on EVOH and a HDPE layer (outer layer) formed with a HDPE extruded material based on a polymer alloy which is in contact with the outside of the EVOH layer and whose main component is of HDPE. Then, the polymer alloy of the HDPE extruded material contains dicarboxylic acid modified polyolefin, and the MFR value of dicarboxylic acid modified polyolefin (230° C.: JIS K 7210) is larger comparing to the MFR value of HDPE (190° C.: JIS K 7210).
The adherability between the barrier layer and the outer layer is enhanced by the fact that the MFR value of dicarboxylic acid modified polyolefin (230° C.: JIS K 7210) is larger comparing to the MFR value of HDPE (190° C.: JIS K 7210), specifically, dicarboxylic acid modified polyolefin is made into a polymer alloy in a melt viscosity relationship with HDPE such that dicarboxylic acid modified polyolefin which is an adhesive component becomes in a matrix phase (continuous phase).
One or more embodiments provides for a multi-layered resin tube for a fuel. There is provided an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (hereinafter, referred to as “EVOH”) layer formed of an EVOH-based extruded EVOH material, and a medium high density polyethylene (MHDPE) layer formed of an extruded MHDPE material which is the outermost layer and is contacted with an outer side of the EVOH layer. The MHDPE material is based on a dicarboxylic acid-modified MHDPE (hereinafter, referred to as “modified MHDPE”). The modified MHDPE has a melt mass flow rate (hereinafter, referred to as “MFR”) value (190° C.; JIS K7210) of about 0.01 to 0.9 g/10 min and has a modification ratio of about 0.1 to 3%, and has a density of about 930 to 950 kg/m3, and a mean molecular weight (GPC method) of about 200 000 to 300 000. A thickness of the EVOH layer is in the range of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm. A thickness of the MHDPE layer is in the range of about 0.4 to 1.2 mm.
In accordance with one or more embodiments, the modified MHDPE is maleic acid-modified MHDPE. According to one or more embodiments, the modified MHDPE has a MFR value of about 0.01 to 0.7 g/10 min.
Further, according to one or more embodiments, the EVOH layer and the modified MHDPE layer are formed by coextrusion molding.
In accordance with one or more embodiments, at least a part of a shape of the multi-layered resin tube is a bellows shape.
Further, according to one or more embodiments, the EVOH layer and the modified MHDPE layer are formed by coextrusion molding.
In the aforementioned, it is desirable that the polymer alloy contains HDPE in the range of about 50 to 75 mass portions, ethylene-α olefin copolymer in the range of about 5 to 10 mass portions and dicarboxylic acid modified polyolefin is in the range of about 20 to 45 mass portions.
If the amount of dicarboxylic acid modified polyolefin which is an adhesive component is less than the amount of HDPE, from the aforementioned melt viscosity ratio, the adhesive component becomes in a matrix phase (continuous phase). Hence, the adhesive force of it becomes higher comparing to that of the conventional fuel tube based on HDPE. Moreover, the flexibility of a fuel tube is enhanced by containing ethylene-α olefin copolymer.
In the aforementioned construction, it is desirable that the total thickness of the fuel tube is in the range of about 0.5 to 1.5 mm, the thickness of the barrier layer is in the range of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm, the fuel tube rigidity is about 30 N or less and the fuel permeability (CE10) is about 30 mg/m·day or less. A fuel tube having the pliability can be obtained by setting the thickness and rigidity as aforementioned.
The aforementioned fuel tube can be formed in a bellows shape. The interlayer pealing off or the like will not occur even if the processing of making it in a bellows shape or the like is performed since the adherability has been enhanced as being excellent as aforementioned. For that reason, it becomes possible to impart the flexibility property to a fuel tube.
Embodiments of the present invention will be explained below. In the present specification, “%”, “part” and the like representing an amount to be incorporated is in a weight unit, unless otherwise indicated.
In addition, the fuel permeability (CE10) is a value when Fuel C (JIS K 6258 Table 1)/ethyl alcohol (volume ratio)=90/10 is used as a subject into which a fuel is to be permeated.
One embodiment of a fuel tube 12 of the present invention is, as shown in
The aforementioned EVOH is a crystallizable polymer in which an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAC) obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and vinyl acetate is subjected to saponification hydrolysis. The gas barrier property thereof shows the highest level among various plastics. An ethylene copolymerization ratio is usually 30 to 40% and, as the ethylene content grows, a melting point is lowered, the gas barrier property is lowered, and the bending modulus becomes smaller.
Therefore, by using in the fuel tube 12, the anti-fuel permeability becomes better. In particular, the barrier property to an alcohol-added gasoline, so-called “gasohole” is excellent, and EVOH is generally used as a material for a fuel tube 12.
In addition, as a specific EVOH material, the materials sold under the trade name of “EVAL EP-F101, H101, E105” and the like by Kuraray Co., Ltd. can be used.
In addition, HDPE is also a material generally used in the field of a fuel tube 12. In the present invention, the aforementioned modified HDPE is used. As the modified material, it is desirable to use dicarboxylic acid modification. By modification with dicarboxylic acid, the adherability with a barrier layer 14 comprising the aforementioned EVOH is considerably improved.
As the dicarboxylic acid-modified HDPE, HDPE and the like modified with maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid or anhydride thereof which is each dicarboxylic acid, can be used. Particularly, a maleic acid anhydride-modified HDPE can preferably be used.
As the modifying method, there are a method of introducing a dicarboxylic acid monomer into HDPE by copolymerizing the above-exemplified dicarboxylic acid and an ethylene monomer, and a method of introducing the aforementioned dicarboxylic acid into HDPE by a graft copolymerrization, and those methods being able to be used.
In addition, a modification ratio of dicarboxylic acid-modified HDPE is about 0.1 to 10%, desirably about 0.1 to 5%, more desirably about 0.1 to 3%. When the modification ratio is too high or too low, the adherability is lowered.
Here, use of monocarboxylic acid-modified HDPE which is modified with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or the like, or epoxy-modified material which is modified with glycidyl methacrylate can be contemplated, in place of use of dicarboxylic acid-modified HDPE, but it is presumed that the effect is lower as compared with a dicarboxylic acid-modified material.
The aforementioned dicarboxylic acid-modified HDPE having a MFR value (190° C.) of about 0.02 to 10.0 g/10 min, desirably about 0.1 to 5.0 g/10 min, more desirably about 0.2 to 3.0 g/10 min is used.
The MFR value is a weight of a material per minute which has been extruded through a die under the prescribed conditions of a temperature and a pressure in a flowability test of a thermoplastic plastic using an extrusion type plastometer, and is closely related to the viscosity of a material at the extrusion temperature. That is, as the viscosity of a material at the temperature grows higher, the MFR value grows smaller. In the present specification, the MFR value is a value based on JIS K 7210 (corresponding to ISO 1133 or ASTM D 1238).
By forming a modified HDPE layer (outer layer) with dicarboxilic acid modified HDPE as described above, the modified HDPE layer has the prescribed flexibility, and the adherability with an EVOH layer (barrier layer) is improved.
The aforementioned modified HDPE is appropriately selected from a range of a density of about 930 to 975 kg/m3 depending on the required property.
When a polymer alloy having mainly modified HDPE as a base for a molding material for the aforementioned outer layer is used, it is desirable that an alloy component is composed of an olefin series copolymer having many branches and/or a blend of intermediate density or low density polyethylene.
In addition, it is desirable that the olefin series copolymer having the MFR value (230° C.): about 0.1 to 100 g/10 min., desirably about 0.4 to 40 g/10 min. from a viewpoint of the moldability is selected, and the bending modulus (ASTM D 790) is appropriately selected from a range of about 5 to 100 MPa depending on the required property.
The olefin series copolymer to be contained in the aforementioned extruded EVOH material is essentially a soft component (rubber component), and is contained in order to impart the flexibility to the fuel tube 12. A comonomer constituting the olefin series copolymer is desirably selected from ethylene, propylene and butane.
Usually, by using an ethylene-α olefin copolymer and increasing relatively an amount of α olefin (expect for ethylene), a branched degree is increased. Specifically, an ethylene propylene series copolymer employing propylene as α olefin is preferably used, or alternatively, as α olefin other than ethylene and propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexane and the like may be copolymerized. Further, non-conjugated diene such as 1,4-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, ethylidenenorbornene may be appropriately copolymerized with the above monomers.
When a ratio of the aforementioned olefin series copolymer to be blended with dicarboxilic acid-modified HDPE is small, it is difficult to maintain the flexibility of the fuel tube 12. Conversely, when a blending ratio is too high, it is difficult to maintain the heat resistance or the resistance to fuel oil.
The aforementioned olefin series copolymer and dicarboxilic acid-modified HDPE are classified as a polymer alloy in which a side having the greater MFR value is a matrix phase (continuous phase). From a viewpoint of the adherability, it is desirable that dicarboxilic acid-modified HDPE is a matrix phase (continuous phase).
The polymer alloy is a multi-component system in which heterogeneous polymer chains coexist microscopically, and the polymer alloy may have various layer structures by controlling the conditions such as the affinity of a constituting polymer and the like.
A ratio of dicarboxilic acid-modified HDPE and olefin series copolymer (ethylene-α olefin copolymer) to be incorporated into the polymer alloy in an extruded modified HDPE material can be appropriately set in a range satisfying the aforementioned bending modulus (ASTM D790). When an amount of dicarboxilic acid-modified HDPE is too small, the adherability is lowered. Conversely, when the amount is too high, the tube cost is elevated.
In addition, the aforementioned extruded modified HDPE material may contain generally-used additives and other polymers in such a range that the effects of the present invention (adherability, flexibility etc.) are not affected.
In the aforementioned construction, the thickness of the fuel tube 12 can be set taking the flexibility, the anti-fuel permeability and the like into consideration. Specifically, a thickness of an outer layer can be set about 0.4 to 1.2 mm, desirably about 0.7 to 0.9 mm and a thickness of barrier layer is about 0.05 to 0.5 mm, desirably about 0.1 to 0.3 mm. When a barrier layer is too thick, a problem easily occurs on the flexibility of the fuel tube 12. Conversely, when the barrier layer is too thin, a problem easily occurs on the barrier property. In addition, when the outer layer is too thick, a problem easily occurs on the flexibility. Conversely, when the outer layer is too thin, the layer is easily twisted. Or, a problem easily occurs on the resistance to weather.
In addition, it is desirable that the fuel permeability is about 300 mg/m·day or smaller, desirably about 20 mg/m·day or smaller, more desirably about 10 mg/g·day or smaller. By setting a thickness as described above, the fuel tube 12 having a better barrier property (anti-fuel permeability) and the flexibility can be obtained.
In addition, the aforementioned extruded modified HDPE material (outer layer material) may contain generally used additives and other polymers in such a range that the effects of the present invention (adherability, flexibility etc.) are not affected. In addition, the barrier layer also may contain generally-used additives and other polymers in such a range that the effects of the present invention (adherablity, flexibility) are not affected.
The aforementioned fuel tube 12 is formed by directly adhering a modified HDPE layer (outer layer) 16 and an EVOH layer (barrier layer) 14 by coextrusion. In addition, molding can be performed by using generally-used extrusion molding machines.
In addition, the aforementioned fuel tube can be made into a bellows shape as shown in
The fuel tube 12 having the aforementioned bellows shape can be prepared by continuous bellows molding extrusion in which a tube is extruded and, at the same time, is molded with a corrugater to impart a bellows shape thereto.
In addition, when the fuel tube of the present invention is applied to a fuel inlet tube, since an inner side is directly contacted with a fuel, a three-layered construction is desirably adopted such that the same modified HDPE layer 16A as that formed on the outer side is also formed on the inner side of an EVOH layer 14 as shown in FIG. 3. This construction serves to prevent an EVOH layer from directly contacting with a fuel and prevent the anti-fuel vapor permeability (gas barrier property) of the EVOH layer from decreasing.
In addition, the fuel inlet tube 12A is used by connecting to between an oiling pipe 20 attached to the body metal plate 18 and the fuel injecting pipe 24 of the fuel tank 22 as shown in
Upon this, a thickness of the fuel inlet tube 12A can be set taking the flexibility, the anti-fuel vapor permeability and the like into consideration. Specifically, a thickness of the modified HDPE layer 16 and that of an EVOH layer 14 on an outer side are as described above, and a thickness of the modified HDPE layer 16A on the inner side is about 0.1 to 0.8 mm, desirably about 0.4 to 0.6 mm.
Then, another embodiment of a fuel tube of the present invention will be explained. In the following explanation, regarding terms and materials explained in the aforementioned embodiment, explanation is omitted in some cases.
The fuel tube 12B of the present embodiment is provided with the EVOH layer (barrier layer) 14 and the outer layer 16B on its outer side as in the aforementioned embodiment. And, the outer layer 16B is the HDPE layer (outer layer) 16B formed of an extruded HDPE material based on a polymer alloy containing mainly HDPE. That is, in the present embodiment, a modified HDPE layer is a HDPE layer.
HDPE is a material which is generally used in the field of a fuel tank made of a resin.
In the fuel tube 12A of the present embodiment, a polymer alloy which is a base for the aforementioned extruded HDPE material contains dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin.
The aforementioned dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin plays a role as an adhesive component contributing to adhesion with the EVOH layer (barrier layer) 14 of the HDPE layer (outer layer) 16B by inclusion in a polymer alloy of an extruded HDPE layer material.
As a dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin, polyolefins modified with maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and anhydride which are unsaturated dicarboxylic acid can be used. As polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene and the like can be used. Specifically, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene is suitably used.
As the aforementioned modification method, there are a method of introducing a dicarboxylic acid monomer into polyolefin by copolymerizing the above-exemplified dicarboxylic acid with an olefin monomer, and a method of introducing the aforementioned dicarboxylic acid into polyolefin by graft copolymerization, both methods being able to be used.
In addition, a modification rate of dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin is about 0.1 to 5%, desirably about 0.3 to 3%, more desirably about 0.5 to 1.5%. When a modification rate is too low, the adherability is lowered. When a modification rate is too high, the physical properties of abase material can not be maintained, or the adherability may be decreased.
Here, use of respective modified materials by monocarboxylic acid modification using acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or the like, epoxy group modification using glycidyl methacrylate can be also contemplated in place of use of dicarboxylic acid modified polyolefin, but the effects are presumed to be smaller as compared with dicarboxylic acid-modified materials.
And, in the present embodiment, the MFR value (230° C.) of dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin is greater as compared with the MFR value (190° C.) of HDPE.
As described above, by adopting a polymer alloy in an extrude HDPE material having such the viscosity relationship that dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin as an adhering component is a matrix phase (continuous phase), the HDPE layer (outer layer) 16B is well adhered to EVOH layer (barrier layer) 14.
On the other hand, it is considered that the previous resin tube (see JP-A 11-321859) has the weak adhering force because a component forming a matrix phase (continuous phase) is reverse, that is, HDPE.
In the aforementioned construction, it is desirable that a polymer alloy contains about 25 to 80 parts of HDPE, desirably about 45 to 75 parts, more desirably about 50 to 70 parts, about 1 to 30 parts of an ethylene-α olefin copolymer, desirably about 3 to 20 parts, more desirably about 5 to 10 parts, and about 20 to 45 parts of dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin, desirably about 25 to 40 parts, more desirably about 30 to 35 parts.
Even when an amount of dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin which is an adhering component is smaller than a total amount of HDPE and ethylene-α olefin, a polymer alloy is such that an adhering component is a matrix phase (continuous phase) from the relationship of a viscosity ratio as described above. Therefore, the adhering force of the HDPE layer 16B to the EVOH layer 14 is heightened as compared with the previous HDPE-based fuel tube.
When an amount of HDPE is too small, the heat resistance and the anti-fuel oil of a tube are decreased. Conversely, when the amount is too large, there is a possibility that the flexibility of the tube is lowered (rigidity becomes too high) and, at the same time, the adherability between the barrier layer 14 and the outer layer 16B is lowered.
In addition, when an amount of dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin is too small, there is a possibility that the adherability between a barrier layer 14 and the outer layer 16B is lowered. Conversely, too large amount leads to a high cost.
An ethylene-α olefin copolymer contained in a polymer alloy in the aforementioned extruded HDPE material is a rubber component, and is contained in order to impart the flexibility to the fuel tube 12B. As the ethylene-α olefin copolymer, usually, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, a tercopolymer in which the above copolymer is further copolymerized with 1,4-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, or ethylidenenorbornene can be used.
When the content of the aforementioned ethylene-α olefin copolymer in a polymer alloy is too small, it is difficult to maintain the flexibility of the fuel tube 12B. Conversely, when the content is too large, it is difficult to maintain the heat resistance and the anti-fuel oil.
In addition, the aforementioned extruded HDPE material may contain generally used additives and other polymers in such a range that the effects of the present invention (adherability, flexibility etc.) are not affected.
In the aforementioned construction, it is desirable that dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin is further contained in an extruded EVOH material. By inclusion of the aforementioned adhering component in an extruded EVOH material as well, the HDPE layer (outer layer) 16 and the EVOH layer (barrier layer) 14 are adhered firmly.
As the aforementioned dicarboxylic acid-modified polyolefin, polyolefins described in the column of the aforementioned polymer alloy can be used.
In the aforementioned construction, the fuel tube 12B has a total thickness of about 0.5 to 1.5 mm, desirably about 0.8 to 1.2 mm, a barrier layer thickness of about 0.1 to 0,3 mm, desirably about 0.15 to 0.25 mm, a fuel tube rigidity of about 30N or smaller, desirably about 25N or smaller, and the fuel permeability (CEO10) of about 30 mg/m·day, desirably about 20 mg/m·day or smaller. By setting a thickness and a rigidity as described above, a barrier property becomes better, and the fuel tube 12B having the better property and the flexibility can be obtained.
In addition, the aforementioned barrier layer may also contain generally used additives and other polymers in such a range that the effects of the present invention (adherability, flexibility etc.) are not affected as in the aforementioned embodiment.
The aforementioned fuel tube can be prepared usually by simultaneous extrusion (coextrusion) and can be made into a bellows shape as in the aforementioned embodiment.
The aforementioned respective embodiments was be explained by way of a two-layered construction or a three-layered construction in which the modified HDPE layer 16 (16B) or 16A is formed on the outer side or further on an inner side of the EVOH layer 14. However, a construction of four layers or more is possible in which a thermoplastic resin layer adherable to the first and second HDPE layers is formed on an outer side and/or on an inner side of a three-layered construction.
Examples which were performed to confirm the effects of the present invention will be explained below. In the present Examples, materials listed below were used.
The fuel tube 12 of a two-layered construction having a shape shown in
The fuel tube 12 of a two layered construction having a shape shown in
According to the same manner as that of Example 1 except that a modified EVOH layer (outer layer) 16 was formed of “Admer HF500” (polymer alloy containing mainly maleic anhydride HDPE) in place of “Admer HE050”, a tube was prepared.
The fuel tube 12 of a two-layered construction having a bellows shape shown in
Inner and outer HDPE layers (inner layer•outer layer) 16, 16 were formed of “Hizex6300M”, an EVOH layer was formed of “Evar F-101” by three layers coextrusion. Dimensional specifications of a tube were as follows: outer diameter 8 mm, inner layer thickness about 0.2 mm, outer layer thickness about 0.5 mm, intermediate layer (barrier layer) thickness 0.2 mm
First and second modified HDPE layers 16 were formed of “Admer HE050”, and an EVOH layer was formed of “Evar F-101” by three layers coextrusion. Dimensional specifications were the same as those of Comparative Example 1-2.
First and second modified HDPE layers 16 were formed of “Admer HF500”, and an EVOH layer was formed of “Evar F-101”. Dimensional specifications were the same as those of Comparative Example 2-1.
Regarding Comparative Examples 1-1•2 and Examples 1-1•2•4•5, the adherability, the barrier property and the flexibility was assessed.
<Adherability Assessment>
As the adherability, the initial adhering force in the state of a half tube was measured by a 180° peeling test (stretching rate: 50 mm/min) (JIS K 6718).
As a result, in the resin tubes of Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2, interlayer peeling occurred at resin tube cutting, and measurement was impossible. On the other hand, in resin tubes of Examples 1-1 and 1-4, the better interlayer adhering force of about 63.7 N/cm was obtained and, in resin tubes of Examples 1-2 and 1-5, the better interlayer adhering force of about 41.0N/cm was obtained.
In addition, even in the case of a bellows shape as in Example 1-3, interlayer peeling between the barrier layer and the outer layer did not occur.
<Barrier Property Assessment>
The barrier property was measured by the SHED method. As a fuel, gasoline containing 10% ethanol (vapor state) was used. As a result, it was seen that respective resin tubes in Examples 1•2 and 4•5 had all the fuel permeability of 1.1 mg/m·day, and they have the better barrier property.
The resin tube of Example 1-3 has a great inner surface area due to a bellows shape and has the increased permeability, but even a bellows is sufficiently satisfactory (4.2 mg/m·day).
<Flexibility Assessment>
The flexibility was assessed by the following bending rigidity test.
A test piece (tube) cut into 280 mm was supported at two points (distance 162 mm), to a central part of which was added a load to crook, a load at which a deformed amount of an end of a test piece became 50 mm, was obtained.
As a result, the load was 40N in Comparative Example 1-1, while the load was 44.6N in Examples 1-1 and 1-4 or 24.5N in Examples 1-2 and 1-5. Thus, the better flexibility was obtained when extruded modified HDPE materials with an olefin system copolymer added thereto were used.
Regarding Examples in another embodiment of the present invention, a test piece was made as follows.
The fuel tube 12 of a two-layered construction comprising the about 0.8 mm HDPE layer (outer layer) having a tube outer diameter of about 8 mm and the about 0.2 mm EVOH layer (barrier layer) 14 was prepared by coextrusion using a polymer alloy having the following composition and the aforementioned EVOH.
Polymer alloy . . . HDPE: 75parts, ethylene-α olefin copolymer: 5 parts, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene: 20 parts
A fuel tube of the same two-layered construction as that of Example 1 was prepared by coextrusion by using a polymer alloy having the following composition and the aforementioned EVOH.
Polymer alloy . . . HDPE: 65 parts, ethylene-α olefin copolymer: 5 parts, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene: 30 parts
<Assessment Test>
Regarding the aforementioned tubes of respective Examples, an adhering force test, a flexibility assessing test (bending rigidity test), and a fuel permeability test were performed according to the same manner as that described above.
And, the results thereof are shown in Table 1, and it is seen that the sufficient adhering force, flexibility and anti-fuel permeability are exhibited.
In accordance with one or more embodiments, the modified PE can be more specifically a modified MHDPE. Modified MHDPE indicates “medium-high density polyethylene,” because the densities (930˜950 kg/m3) of the modified PE encompass not only a portion of the densities of HDPE (940˜kg/m3) but also a portion of the densities of MDPE (medium density PE: 926˜950 kg/m3).
A test was conducted utilizing modified medium high density polyethylene (“MHDPE”) layer formed of an extruded MHDPE material which is the outermost layer and is contacted with an outer side of the EVOH layer. The MHDPE material is based on a dicarboxylic acid-modified MHDPE, has a MFR value (190° C.; JIS K 7210) of about 0.01 to 0.9 g/10 min, a modification ratio of about 0.1 to 3%, a density of about 930 to 950 kg/m3, and a mean molecular weight (GPC method) of about 200 000 to 300 000. A thickness of the EVOH layer is in the range of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and a thickness of the MHDPE layer is in the range of about 0.4 to 1.2 mm.
The test was conducted as follows. Test pieces of comparison were made of examples 1-1 and 1-2, discussed above. Also, test pieces of the present invention were made of examples 3-1 and 3-2, as follows.
Examples 3-1 and 3-2 can be prepared the same as example 1-1, however utilizing modified MHDPE. That is, the fuel tube 12 of a two-layered construction having a shape shown in
Properties of the modified MHDPE are illustrated for example in Table 2.
The fracture indicates a brittle rupture of the HDPE. As can be seen in the close-up photograph, the cracking starts at the fore-end of the firtree type tube-fitting.
These results of the test have revealed that HDPE having the molecular weights and densities within the ranges of the present invention improves stress-cracking resistance.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001-394560 | Dec 2001 | JP | national |
| 2001-394564 | Dec 2001 | JP | national |
| 2002-287540 | Sep 2002 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10323729 | Dec 2002 | US |
| Child | 11110952 | Apr 2005 | US |
