Typical emergency response vehicles have many different systems for monitoring and responding to various situations and emergencies. For example, the vehicles are equipped with communications equipment that includes both voice and data generating devices such as radios and computers. This and other electronic equipment (e.g., controls for devices such as light bars) crowd the interior space of the vehicle, which is not designed for this concentration of electronics.
It is extremely difficult to equip the vehicles with all of the needed communications, monitoring, and response equipment. Standard commercial vehicles are retrofitted with this equipment through a labor-intensive process. Retro fitting the vehicles is often an iterative process, as new equipment replaces old. Advances in equipment allow first responders to perform their jobs more safely and efficiently. However, each time equipment advances, vehicles must again be retrofitted. Furthermore, when the vehicle is no longer used by emergency services, the equipment must be removed from the vehicle through another costly, labor-intensive process.
In addition to systems for detecting and responding to emergencies, vehicles must be equipped with various communications systems. For example, in the United States public safety officials including fire departments, police departments and ambulance services primarily use communications systems that work within the VHF and UHF bands. Conventional land mobile radios operate on these and other frequencies. Cellular networks, which operate in the UHF frequency band, are also used for public safety communications systems for both data and voice communications. More recently, the SHF band, such as the 4.9 GHz band reserved by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), have been included in public safety communications systems. Moreover, within these several frequency bands, there are a number of communications standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 protocol, utilized to transmit data. Many other frequency bands and communication protocols are used by emergency service personnel around the country. In order to ensure reliable communications across public safety agencies, vehicles are often now equipped with still further electronics that enable public safety personnel to communicate over several transmissions protocols and/or frequency bands. All of the radios and communications equipment results in a cluttered environment.
As technology evolves and finds applications in the area of public safety, emergency response vehicles increasingly carry more equipment to detect and respond to countless situations and emergencies. Typically, individual systems are installed in the vehicle for each of the tasks aimed at emergency responses. For example, a police vehicle monitors traffic using a radar detector. Cameras mounted in an emergency vehicle gather evidence. Many emergency vehicles have light bars mounted to their roofs. Sirens warn citizens of danger. GPS systems inform a control center of the vehicle's location. Vehicles may contain equipment to detect bio-hazards or chemicals in the event of an industrial spill or terrorist attack. Countless other systems are installed in emergency vehicles based on expected situations. This trend can only be expected to continue.
Emergency vehicles are often equipped with emergency lighting equipment that draw attention to the vehicles and provide visual warning to citizens. Typically this equipment includes flashing or rotating lights, which generating a considerable amount of electromagnetic noise. Because of the noisy environment and to assist in visibility, the emergency lighting equipment is most often housed in a module commonly called a “light bar” mounted to a roof of the emergency vehicle. Installing the emergency light equipment in a light bar lessens the effect the electromagnetic noise has on the operation of sensitive telecommunications equipment inside the vehicle.
Installing in emergency vehicles all of this communications, detection and response equipment is costly and labor intensive. All of it is retrofitted into a vehicle manufactured without any accommodation for this special purpose equipment. Some of the equipment, such as radar units and cameras are typically mounted to the front edge of the interior of the roof such that the radar unit and/or the camera extend downwardly to provide views through the front windshield. Power cables are routed from this equipment to the vehicle's power system through the roof lining and down one of the side posts of the car, separating the front and rear car doors, and then to a controller unit, which is located in the trunk, engine compartment or even under a seat in the interior of the vehicle. Many emergency vehicles are equipped with light bars mounted on the roofs of the vehicles. Power and control cables for the light bars are also fished through the side posts and routed to the trunks of the vehicles or to the engine compartments of the vehicles. These cables are fished through the side pillar of the vehicle separating the front and rear doors. Communications antennas are mounted on the roof and on the trunk. Holes are drilled in the car to attach the antennas. Again, cables are routed to a controller in the trunk of the vehicle. Finally, each piece of equipment is wired to controllers in the vehicle's cabin. There are numerous other systems that are regularly installed in emergency vehicles. As technology advances, new devices must be incorporated into emergency vehicles. This requires taking the vehicle out of service for an extended period of time as older devices are removed from the vehicle and newer devices are installed.
By their nature, emergencies often require deployment of more emergency equipment than normally in use at any given time. Communities must determine how best to provide for emergency situations that may require quick deployment of additional equipment. Typically, communities rely on resources from neighboring communities. This strategy works as long as the neighboring communities are close by and not affected by the same emergency. For emergencies that affect large areas, however, relying on neighboring communities to loan their resources is not a workable strategy.
For example, neighboring communities may face a common emergency such as a hurricane, a terrorist attack or an earthquake. In these types of emergencies, the effected communities will need additional emergency vehicles that are not available from nearby neighboring communities. Moreover, because of the labor intensive and costly installation process, non-emergency vehicles cannot be quickly converted for emergency use. Furthermore, existing emergency vehicles may not have the best combination of equipment for dealing with a particular disaster. The time-consuming installation process prevents vehicles from being quickly adapted to respond to an emergency condition that the vehicle is otherwise not equipped to handle.
After a vehicle is no longer needed by public safety agencies, it is typically sold in the aftermarket. However, all of the communications systems and emergency equipment must be removed from the vehicle before sale. If the vehicle is to be resold at maximum value, the damage to the vehicle done during the process of retrofitting the emergency equipment must be repaired. For example, any holes drilled into the vehicle during installation of the equipment must be patched. The dashboard most likely needs to be repaired because of holes drilled in it to run wiring, mount devices and control units. All of this repairing is expensive and reduces the resale value of the vehicle, which represents a substantial amount of lost revenue to communities.
Another problem facing first responders is the lack of a unified communications network for transmitting voice and data. For example, different police departments responding to the same emergency affecting several communities may use different radios. Furthermore, live video taken from one vehicle at the scene of an emergency is not available to other vehicles responding to the emergency. Current attempts to solve communications problems result in even more equipment and radios being installed into vehicles.
A fully integrated light bar is provided that not only houses emergency warning lights, but also houses emergency devices such as telecommunications equipment and community monitoring equipment. In one embodiment, all of the emergency equipment that might otherwise be housed in the interior of the vehicle is housed in the light bar so that a vehicle can be easily and quickly retrofitted. In order to avoid fishing wiring from a control head mounted in the interior of the vehicle to the equipment in the light bar, the connection between the control head and the light bar is preferably a wireless connection. All wiring is avoided if the light bar includes its own source of energy such as a fuel cell, solar cell and/or a battery.
In one embodiment of the invention, the light bar contains a number of modules for sensing real time conditions of the vehicle, its operator and the ambient environment of the vehicle and operator. Example modules include a video camera, a radar unit, a GPS unit, a biological agent sensor and a license plate recognition system. Preferably, the light bar is designed to allow for the custom fitting of modules, thereby enabling a light bar to be equipped with any combination of modules best suited for an application.
In one embodiment of the invention, the light bar houses at least one transceiver for communicating information gathered from sensors (preferably also in the light bar) over a wireless network. In order to enable real time communication of information demanding high data rates, the transceiver is a broadband device such as a Wi-Fi transceiver. Broadband transceivers allow for real time transmission and reception of information such as video feeds and detailed maps of buildings.
In one embodiment of the invention, data from the modules are transmitted over a wireless network to a control center where the data is reviewed and analyzed for activating or informing or otherwise marshalling community resources. Further, information may be transmitted from one fully integrated light bar equipped vehicle to other such vehicles to assist in responding to or monitoring emergencies. These and other embodiments of the invention will be more fully explained in the detailed description of the invention.
While the following detailed description is made in connection with preferred and alternative embodiments referencing the drawings, the description is not intended to limit the invention to those particular embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover all alternatives and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The following description is intended to convey the operation of exemplary embodiments of the invention to those skilled in the art. It will be appreciated that this description is intended to aid the reader, not to limit the invention. As such, references to a feature or aspect of the invention are intended to describe a feature or aspect of an embodiment of the invention, not to imply that every embodiment of the invention must have the described characteristic.
Turning to the drawings and referring first to
The emergency device 102 also includes several wireless network devices. For example, the emergency device 102 also includes a land mobile radio (“LMR”) 124 for communicating with other emergency service personal over a variety of frequencies including the UI-IF and VHF bands. A voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) module 126 of the emergency device 102 allows a user of the device to transmit and receive voice messages over standard data networks such as a network based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. A wireless fidelity (“Wi-Fi”) module 128 transmits and receives data over an IEEE 802.11 network. A transceiver 130 implements a public safety radio operating at the 4.9 GHz frequency, which the United States Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has dedicated to public safety applications.
Finally fuel cell 132 the emergency device 102 provides power for the emergency device 102. Preferably, the fuel cell is incorporated in the emergency device 102 as suggested by the illustration in
Although
Emergency signaling systems of the type mounted to the roofs of emergency vehicles are commonly called “light bars” because they are typically shaped as bars traversing the roofs of vehicles. In keeping with this convention, in
In keeping with one embodiment of the emergency device, the light bar 134 in
Keystrokes to a keypad incorporated into the control head 150 generate control signals and the control head provides the signals to the control unit 152 by way of cables 154, which in turn communicates signals to the control unit 160 (
In
Any appropriate wireless standard can be used to connect the MDT 164 and the light bar 134. Examples of appropriate standards include Wi-Fi a, b, g, or n as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”) in the 802.11 specification. Additionally Bluetooth, Wireless USB or Zigbee, which are all based on IEEE 802.15, can be used as the standard between the MDT 164 and the light bar 134. A user controls the system by entering commands into the MDT 164. Commands are entered into the MDT through any appropriate means including use of a keyboard, touch screen 164a or voice recognition software, Commands entered into the MDT are transmitted to the light bar 134 via the wireless network. The MDT 164 can display information gathered by the modules 110-130 located in the light bar 134. For example, in one embodiment of the invention live video from the video camera 120 is displayed on the screen 164a. Speeds of passing vehicles detected by the radar unit 110 are displayed by the MDT 164, Additionally, the MDT 164 displays the license plates of passing vehicles detected by the LPR 116 module.
A light and siren interface 183 controls the light assemblies and siren mounted on a vehicle. The interface 183 includes a primary lights button 185, a secondary lights button 187 and a flasher rear button 189. A take down button 191, right alley button 193 and left alley button 195 operate additional light assemblies. The display 197 indicates the mode that the light assemblies are operating in. Directional control 199 allows the operator to enable flashing directional lighting assemblies. Finally, siren control 201 enables various siren modes.
Module panel 203 displays the current readings for various modules 110-132 housed in the light bar. For example, the license plate recognition system display 205 indicates the license plate number of nearby vehicles. The radar 207 shows the speed of nearby vehicles. The OPS 209 shows a map with nearby emergency vehicles as well as the location of the occupied vehicle. The traffic video 211 shows live video feeds from traffic monitoring cameras located throughout a community. The air quality sensors 213 display information regarding community air quality. Clicking a sensor expands the sensor to a full screen mode. For example, if a user touches the traffic video display 211, it will expand to fill the entire screen.
In another embodiment, the user interface of the touch screen 164a may be similar to the user interface illustrated and described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/505,642, filed Jun. 17, 2006 and entitled “Integrated Municipal Management Console,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for everything it describes.
In order to control the devices in the module panel 203 of the user interface 164a, selection of any of the icons 205, 207, 209, 211 and 213 causes a dialog box or window to appear on the touch screen such as the one illustrated in
The user interface 164b contemplates more than one camera 120 in the emergency device 102. In this regard, the user interface 164b includes touch buttons 243 and 245 for selecting front and rear cameras, respectively. A volume control 247 adjusts the audio volume associated with a video. The “rew” touch button 249 rewinds a recorded video segment. The “rec” touch button 251 toggles the record feature of the video camera 120 and MDT 164. The play touch button 253 plays back recorded video. The stop touch button 255 stops video play back. The “FF” touch button 257 fast forwards recorded video. The zoom control 259 zooms in and zooms out of a video image. The pan/tilt control 261 rotates the video image up and down and left and right. The contrast touch button 263 and brightness touch button 265 control the contrast and brightness of the image, respectively. The image search interface 267 and audio search interface 269 allow a user to search for images and audio segments in stored video files.
Returning to the touch screen 164a in
Information such as voice and data signals sent over a wide area network (“WAN”) and received by one of the transceivers LMR 124, Wi-Fi 128 or public safety 130 can be forwarded to the MDT 164 through the wireless connection between it and the light bar 134. These messages can either be displayed on the MDT's screen or audibly played over speakers either in the vehicle or in the MDT. Messages originating as voice signals can be play directly. Messages originating as data signals can be converted to voice signals by use of commercially available text-to-speech software and played audibly over speakers in the vehicle.
In one embodiment of the emergency device 102, a transceiver sends and receives messages encoded in data packets, an exemplary one of which is illustrated below. The data packet includes a header with information indicating the beginning of a packet. An encryption section contains information related to the encryption of the packet. An address section may contain items such as the emergency device's IP address and MAC address and the packet's destination IP address and MAC address. The data section contains the packet's payload. The payload includes the data to be transmitted. One skilled in the art of communications will recognize that data packets may consist of various fields and are not limited to the specific fields recited. For example, the data format may be TCP/IP based and include IEEE 802.1x compatibility.
In the illustrated embodiment, the controller 160 is mounted to the lower housing of the light bar 134. However, the controller 160 can be placed anywhere within or near the light bar 134. The electrical connection between the controller 160 and the modules is described hereinafter in connection with the illustration of
Various known fastening systems may be used to secure the light bar to the roof 136 of the vehicle 138. For example, Federal Signal Corporation's U.S. Pat. No. 6,966,682 provides one exemplary means of attaching the light bar 134 to the vehicle 138. U.S. Pat. No. 6,966,682 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for everything that it describes. The MDT 164 can be powered by the battery 146 or it can operate from power provided by a fuel cell or solar panels.
The channel 162 containing the fuel cell 166 can better be seen in
In one embodiment of the light bar 134, several, large area circuit boards provide the platform support for the warning lights in the light bar. One of the circuit boards 168 is depicted in
Given the foregoing considerations and requirements, suitable circuit boards for the invention presently available include but are not limited to the following: Fiberglass, phenolic, aluminum (e.g., Berquist boards), steel and ceramic printed circuit board materials. Regardless of the specific composition, the boards need to be structurally robust to environmental conditions that include temperature cycling over an expected wide range that the light bar will be exposed to wherever it is operating. Some specific examples of aluminum products and sources of suitable boards are ELPOR™ by ECA Electronics of Leavenworth, Kans. and Anotherm™ of TT Electronics PLC of Clive House 12-18, Queens Road, Weybridge Surrey KT13 9XB, England. Moreover, conventional fiberglass-based circuit boards may also provide a basic build block for a suitable board. Multi-layered fiberglass boards by M-Wave™ of Bensenville, Ill. can provide the necessary structural strength and they can be fabricated to have the desired thermal properties by incorporating large ground and power planes into the board and multiple “pass throughs” or “vias.”
Turning to
The LEDs 174 are laid down on the circuit board 168 as part of the board's fabrication process. In this regard, the circuit board 168 includes conductive paths leading from a connector 178 mounted along an edge of an opening in the board. As discussed in further detail hereinafter, the connector 178 mates with a connector 180 of a cable 182 that has an opposing end connected to the controller 160. The cable 182 carries power and control signals to the board 168. Electrical lead lines in the circuit board 168 carry power and control signals to the electronic components (e.g., drivers) and LEDs 174 and to all other types of light beam assemblies and modules on the circuit board 168.
A wide variety of modules can be mounted on the board 168 in various configurations in order to perform monitoring and response activities. The cable 180 provides control signals, data signals and power from the controller 160 for the modules 184-190. Each of the modules 184-190 can be soldered directly to the board 168, or may be fitted with a plug that is received by a socket on the board. By constructing the modules and circuit board 168 with a plug and socket arrangement, the combinations of modules in the light bar 134 are variable and amenable to customization to fit any desired configuration. In fact, for a fully integrated light bar 134 in which the power supply is contained in the light bar, any combination of modules can be easily and quickly placed into the circuit board 168 and the light bar attached to a vehicle so as to provide a light bar that best serves the requirements of a particular emergency condition requiring the vehicle to be retrofitted and put into emergency service.
The electrical connections from a module to the board 168 may be made through the socket, by direct connection or through use of a cable. For example the Wi-Fi module 186 is depicted with a direct connection to the board 168. In contrast, the GPS module 188 is depicted connecting to the board 168 via a cable 192 connected to a plug 194 on the circuit board. In general, each of the modules can use any appropriate connection method of connecting to the board. Additionally, modules do not have to be mounted to a board 168 at all, but may be mounted directly to the light bar 134. Finally, the emergency device 102, comprising various modules 110-132, does not have to take the form of a light bar. For example, the emergency device 102 may be built into a body of a vehicle designed for emergency services such as fire trucks and ambulances. The device may be in an undercover police vehicle. Other public service vehicles such as street sweepers may also incorporate the emergency device 102. Still further, the device can be integrated in to stationary platforms such as emergency sirens mounted to poles distributed through a community. The devices may also be equipped with portable platforms that allow the devices to be deployed as needed for any special circumstances.
In the fully populated light bar 134 depicted in
In yet another embodiment of the light bar 134, the upper housing 200 includes a solar panel 228 for providing power to the electrical device in the light bar. The solar panel 228 can be integrated into the upper housing 200 or separately attached to the housing. The solar panel 228 directly provides power to the light bar 134 or alternatively it works in conjunction with the fuel cell 165. In one embodiment, the solar panel powers electrolyzers for hydrogen production. The hydrogen is then used as a fuel for the fuel cell 165. Power sources for the light bar 134 will be more fully described with respect to
Electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) is caused by changes to electrical signals. EMI can induce unwanted electrical signals in other circuits, which are commonly referred to as noise. Rapidly changing signals produce EMI in frequency regions that potentially are in the same frequency domain as desired communications and data signals. Additionally, higher power signals produce stronger EMI. Physically moving sensitive circuitry away from sources of EMI tends to mitigate the effect of the EMI on the circuitry. However, with the electrical modules integrated into the light bar 134, these circuits do not benefit from the attenuation of the EMI brought about by the physically distance from the EMI source. Warning lights quickly turning on and off, electric motors and high power requirements all contribute to EMI. Sensitive electronics do not operate efficiently in the presence of EMI. For example, digital clock speeds must be reduced in order to ensure proper operation of circuits. Transceivers loose both data range and data rate because of EMI.
The board in
The MDT 164 includes a display 164a. Preferably, the display is a touch screen as discussed above in connection with
The light bar 134 receives commands from the MDT 164 over a Wi-Fi network. The transceiver 254 connects to a router 256, which forwards data packets from the transceiver 254 across the network. The router 256 is of conventional design and may be any of several commercially available models. For example, the MDT 164 issues a command for the video camera 258 to begin recording. The command is transmitted to the light bar 134 and received by the transceiver 254. The transceiver sends the data to the router. The video camera 258 has an Ethernet port conforming to the IEEE 802.3 protocol. The camera 258 connects directly to the Ethernet router 256 using a standard Ethernet cable. The router thereby forwards the command issued by the MDT 164 to the camera 258. In response to the command, the camera 258 begins recording. Additionally, the camera 258 sends the video signal to the MDT 164 via the router 256 and the transceiver 254. The MDT 164 displays the live video feed on the display 164a. Other devices with an Ethernet port, such as the public safety radio 260 connect directly to the router. In one embodiment of the light bar 134, all modules contain an Ethernet port for direct connection to the router 256.
Devices without an Ethernet port connect to a controller 264. The controller 264 interfaces with each module and a serial to Ethernet converter 271, which provides an interface between the controller and the router 256. The converter 271 translates data packets forwarded by the router 256 and then the controller 264 sends commands to each of the connected modules, which include in the illustrated embodiment the radar unit 266, biological and chemical sensors 268, the LPR 270 and the GPS 272. The controller 264 also interfaces with the warning light assemblies 274. For example, a user turns on the lights by way of commands entered at the MDT 164. The MDT sends the command over the Wi-Fi network to the transceiver 254. The transceiver forwards the data to the router 256 and the router forwards the data packet to the converter 271, which in turn provides serial commands to the controller 264. The controller 264 interprets the serial commands and turns on the lights 274. Similarly, a user controls the GPS 272, LPR 270, sensors 268 and radar 266 from the MDT 164. Likewise, modules send data to the MDT 164. For example, the radar 266 detects the speed of nearby vehicles. The radar sends the speed data to the controller 264, which outputs a serial data stream to the converter 271. The converter 271 formats the speed data as an Ethernet data packet and sends the packet to the router 256. The router forwards the packet the transceiver 254 where it is sent over the Wi-Fi network to the MDT 164. The MDT formats and displays the speed. A user thereby receives real time information on the speeds of nearby vehicles.
The controller 264 also interfaces with the land mobile radio (LMR) 262. Voice and data messages from either the light bar or the MDT are sent over the LMR 262 or the public safety radio 260. Additional transceivers are added to the system for connecting to additional networks, such as a cellular telephone network or a community Wi-Fi mesh network among others. Additional modules may be housed in the light bar 134 and modules may be removed from the light bar 134 as necessary for a given expected emergency. By way of example, controller 264 may be a Terra3 Intelligent RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) from Federal Signal Corporation, University Park, Ill. The converter 271 may be a TS900 Series serial to Ethernet converter by EtherWAN Systems, Inc., Via Rodeo, Placentia, Calif. 92870.
In one embodiment of the light bar 134, a power source is integrated into the bar. The integrated power source may include a fuel cell 276, a solar panel 278 and a battery 280. In the schematic diagram of
In another embodiment of the system supporting the light bar, a video feed from light bar 285a is sent to the MDT in vehicle 284b. In a first embodiment the video feed is sent from light bar 285a to the control center 292. The control center 292 then forwards the video feed over the internet 290, back haul 288 and nodes 286 to the light bar 285b. Light bar 285b transmits the live video feed from 285a to the MDT in vehicle 284b. The occupant of vehicle 284b can therefore see a live image of the video feed taken by light bar 285a. In yet another embodiment of the system supporting the light bar, the live video feed is sent directly from light bar 285a over the Wi-Fi mesh network to light bar 285b. The video feed is then sent to the MDT in vehicle 284b where the occupant of the vehicle views it. Any data from a module can be sent over the network to the control center or to other vehicles. Voice messages using Vol. or traditional voice networks can also be sent from a vehicle to the control center and from the control center to a vehicle or from a first vehicle directly to a second vehicle. Further, the control center can send any appropriate data for display on the MDT or for announcement by a vehicle's built in speakers or through a user's Bluetooth headset.
In one embodiment of the invention depicted in
All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the light bar and its network environment (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed ash open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the various embodiments of the light bar and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in this description should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the light bar and the system supporting it are described herein, including any best mode known to the inventor. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventor intends for the fully integrated light bar and its supporting network system to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/394,752, filed Mar. 31, 2006, and Ser. No. 11/505,642, filed Aug. 17, 2006, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for everything that they describe. Additionally, this patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/775,634, filed Feb. 22, 2006.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4155042 | Permut et al. | May 1979 | A |
4633229 | Iacono et al. | Dec 1986 | A |
4722030 | Bowden | Jan 1988 | A |
4789904 | Peterson | Dec 1988 | A |
5185697 | Jacobs et al. | Feb 1993 | A |
5487069 | O'Sullivan et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
5539398 | Hall et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5567036 | Theobald et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
5572201 | Graham et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
5602739 | Haagenstad et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
5689233 | Kurisu et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5815417 | Orr et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5826180 | Golan | Oct 1998 | A |
5861959 | Barak | Jan 1999 | A |
5884997 | Stanuch et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5887139 | Madison, Jr. et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5926113 | Jones et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5931573 | Knox | Aug 1999 | A |
5937029 | Yosef | Aug 1999 | A |
5986575 | Jones et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
6046824 | Barak | Apr 2000 | A |
6081191 | Green et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6100801 | Plummer | Aug 2000 | A |
6112088 | Haartsen | Aug 2000 | A |
6149288 | Huang | Nov 2000 | A |
6154787 | Urevig et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6161066 | Wright et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6167036 | Beven | Dec 2000 | A |
6169476 | Flanagan | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6188939 | Morgan et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6192232 | Iseyama | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6243026 | Jones et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6249812 | Cromer et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6330025 | Arazi et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6411874 | Morgan et al. | Jun 2002 | B2 |
6437692 | Petite et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6474557 | Mullins et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
6484456 | Featherstone et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6542602 | Elazar | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6564342 | Landan | May 2003 | B2 |
6566842 | Kirkpatrick | May 2003 | B1 |
6567747 | Lange et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6574561 | Alexander et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6612713 | Kuelbs | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6624750 | Marman et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6641284 | Stopa et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6747557 | Petite et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6762686 | Tabe | Jul 2004 | B1 |
6778078 | Han et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6856343 | Arazi et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
6868340 | Alexander et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6891838 | Petite et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
6914533 | Petite | Jul 2005 | B2 |
6930596 | Kulecz et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6942360 | Chou et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6959079 | Elazar | Oct 2005 | B2 |
6966682 | Frank et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6976769 | McCullough et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6982518 | Chou et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6999876 | Lambert et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7010106 | Gritzer et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7010109 | Gritzer et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7015806 | Naidoo et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7016478 | Potorny et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7016647 | Albert et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7034678 | Burkley et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7044616 | Shih | May 2006 | B2 |
7057517 | Convery | Jun 2006 | B1 |
7058710 | McCall et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7065445 | Thayer et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7070418 | Wang | Jul 2006 | B1 |
7080544 | Stepanik et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7091852 | Mason et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7095334 | Pederson | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7103511 | Petite | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7119832 | Blanco et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7148803 | Bandy et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7158026 | Feldkamp et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7240328 | Beckett et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7250853 | Flynn | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7281818 | You et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7295128 | Petite | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7305082 | Elazar et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7319397 | Chung et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
7327930 | Koren et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7333745 | Han et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7346186 | Sharoni et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7386105 | Wasserblat et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7391299 | Bender et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7474633 | Halbraich et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7476013 | Gergets et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7480501 | Petite | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7526322 | Whistler | Apr 2009 | B2 |
20010024163 | Petite | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20020019725 | Petite | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020024424 | Burns et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020048174 | Pederson | Apr 2002 | A1 |
20020067615 | Muller | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020071267 | Lekson et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020071268 | Pederson | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020112026 | Fridman et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020116242 | Vercellone et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020181232 | Martineau | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030028536 | Singh et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030061323 | East et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030069688 | Mosis | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030078029 | Petite | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030095688 | Kirmuss | May 2003 | A1 |
20030141990 | Coon | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20040008519 | Todaka et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040036594 | Ladow et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040044553 | Lambert et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040049345 | McDonough et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040057410 | Kaipianen et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040070515 | Burkley et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040114391 | Watkins et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040137768 | Haehn et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040142678 | Krasner | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040145481 | Dilbeck et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040183687 | Petite et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040186644 | McClure et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040189490 | Halishak | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040193740 | Kasmirsky et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040246144 | Siegal et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050001720 | Mason et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050018622 | Halbraich et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050034075 | Riegelman et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050047167 | Pederson et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050057941 | Pederson et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050083404 | Pierce et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050109394 | Anderson | May 2005 | A1 |
20050117326 | Ma et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050123115 | Gritzer et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050134283 | Potempa | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050151642 | Tupler et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050162265 | Werner et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050174229 | Feldkamp et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050176403 | Lalos | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050190055 | Petite | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050197871 | Mendonca et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050201397 | Petite | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050219044 | Douglass et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050239477 | Kim et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050242969 | Deutsch et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050243867 | Petite | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050245232 | Jakober et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050258942 | Manasseh et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050275549 | Barclay et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050282518 | D'Evelyn et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060002122 | Griffin et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060002372 | Smith | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060009190 | Laliberte | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060034070 | Kovacik et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060045185 | Kiryati et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060059139 | Robinson | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060061997 | Lin | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060068752 | Lin et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060071775 | Otto et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060092043 | Lagassey | May 2006 | A1 |
20060109113 | Reyes et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060114853 | Hasty, Jr. et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060133624 | Waserblat et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060136597 | Shabtai et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060146740 | Sheynman et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060158329 | Burkley et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060161713 | Belady | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060179064 | Paz et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060187015 | Canfield | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060190576 | Lee et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060227719 | Halbraich | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060268847 | Halbraich et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060285665 | Wasserblat et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070008174 | Schwartz | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070035962 | Yurochko | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070041220 | Lynch | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070069913 | Hatten et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070083298 | Pierce et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070097212 | Farneman | May 2007 | A1 |
20070122003 | Dobkin et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070194906 | Sink | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070195706 | Sink | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070211866 | Sink | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070213088 | Sink | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070218910 | Hill et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070242472 | Gergets et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070250318 | Waserblat et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20080036583 | Canfield | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080040110 | Pereg et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080066184 | Ben-Ami et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080144528 | Graves et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080148397 | Litvin et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080152122 | Idan et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080154609 | Wasserblat et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080181417 | Pereg et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080189171 | Wasserblat et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080195385 | Pereg et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080195387 | Zigel et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080228296 | Eilam et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20090007263 | Frenkel et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090012826 | Eilam et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090033745 | Yeredor et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090043573 | Weinberg et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20130229289 | Bensoussan et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
1006768 | Dec 1994 | BE |
2426243 | Oct 2003 | CA |
2433711 | Dec 2003 | CA |
2 648 665 | Dec 1990 | FR |
WO 9818652 | May 1998 | WO |
WO 0006420 | Feb 2000 | WO |
WO 0026420 | Feb 2000 | WO |
WO 0021053 | Apr 2000 | WO |
WO 0055825 | Sep 2000 | WO |
WO 03023729 | Mar 2003 | WO |
WO 03067884 | Aug 2003 | WO |
WO 2004010398 | Jan 2004 | WO |
WO 2004038594 | May 2004 | WO |
WO 2007117854 | Oct 2007 | WO |
WO 2008127016 | Oct 2008 | WO |
Entry |
---|
“WLAN Solutions: TNETW1100B Embedded Single-Chip MAC and Baseband Processor” Texas Instruments Product Bulletin (© 2002). |
“Wireless LAN in Public Safety, 802.11b: Transforming the Way Public Safety Agencies Transfer Information,” brochure, www.northropgrummanIT.com, Northrop Grumman Information Technology (© 2003). |
“Wireless LAN Infrastructure Mesh Networks: Capabilities and Benefits: A Farpoint Group White Paper,” Document No. FPG 2004-185.1 Farpoint Group (Jul. 2004). |
“Public Safety: 4.9 GHz Wireless Mesh Networks for Public Safety and First Responders,” Firetide Inc., www.firetide.com (© 2004-2005). |
Miller, Leonard E. “Wireless Technologies and the SAFECOM SoR for Public Safety Communications” Wireless Communication Technologies Group, Advanced Network Technologies Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland (2005). |
“Hot Port™ 4.9 GHz Public Safety Mesh Network” brochure, Firetide Inc., www.firetide.com (© 2005). |
“An Introduction to Wireless Mesh Networking” White Paper, Firetide, Inc,. www.firetide.com (Mar. 2005). |
Wolff, Robert “Better Communication Through MESH Technology” Bourbonnais Harold (Apr. 4, 2006). |
Siemens Building Technologies “MM 8000: Simple and Secure Danger Management” Siemens Switzerland, Ltd. (Jun. 2005). |
Gralla, Preston, “How Wireless Works”, Second Edition, Only Part 4, Chapters 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, (© 2006). |
Wiggins, Roberta “Myths and Realities of Wi-Fi Mesh Networking” Yankee Group Report, Yankee Group Research, Inc. (Feb. 2006). |
SYS Technologies (SYS) Corporate Fact Sheet, Jun. 30, 2006. |
Imel, Kathy J., et al., “Understanding wireless Communications in Public Safety”, A Guidebook to Technology, Issues, Planning , and Management, First Edition: Mar. 2000; Revised: Aug. 2000; Second Edition: Jan. 2003. |
Gilsinn, James, D., et al., “Wireless Interfaces for IEEE 1451 Sensor Networks”, Slon '01 Sensors for Industry Conference, Rosemont, IL (Nov. 5-7, 2001). |
Roff, Graham, IEEE 1451 Overview “A Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators” (May 13, 2004). |
Success Story: Chicago Police Department, Chicago Police—Video Surveillance, Wave, Wireless Corporation, www.wavewireless.com (page downloaded Apr. 2006). |
Van Dyck, Robert E. and Miller, Leonard E. “Distributed Sensor Processing Over an Ad Hoc Wireless Network: Simulation Framework and Performance Criteria,” Wireless Communications Technologies Group; National Institute of Standards and Technology (2001). |
Miller, Leonard E. “Wireless Technologies and the SAFECOM SoR for Public Safety Communications” (2005). |
Chevallay, C., et al., “Self-Organization Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks,” 2002 Conference on Sciences and Systems, Princeton University (Mar. 20-22, 2002). |
Van Dyck, Robert E. “Detection Performance in Self-Organized Wireless Sensor Networks,” National Institutes of Standards and Technology (Jun.-Jul. 2002). |
Conner, Margery “Wireless-Sensor Networks: Find a Fit in the Unlicensed Band,” (Mar. 16, 2006). |
Knuth, Dean “Wireless LAN Technology in Public Safety,” Northrop Grumman Mission Systems (Jun. 2004). |
Project MESA: an Update, “Making Progress Toward an International PPDR Standard” pp. 1-7 (Sep. 2003). |
“Multi Layered Security Framework for Metro-Scale Wi-Fi Networks”, A Security White Paper (Feb. 2005). |
“Metro-Scale Mesh Networking with Tropos MetroMesh™ Architecture”, A Technology Whitepaper (Feb. 2005). |
“Public Safety and Public Access: Granbury, Texas & Frontier Broadband”, A Tropos Networks Case Study (Nov. 2005). |
“Price-Performance Comparison: 3G and Tropos MetroMesh Architecture”, A Technology Whitepaper (Apr. 2004). |
“Understanding Wi-Fi and WiMAX as Metro-Access Solutions”, White Paper, Wi-Fi and WiMax Solutions, (2004). |
Audeh, Malik, “Metropolitan Scale Wi-Fi Networks”, IEEE Computer, pp. 119-121 (Dec. 2004). |
Lewis, Richard C., “Rhode Island Ready to Launch Statewide Wireless Network” Technology News (Apr. 28, 2006). |
“Broadband Public Safety Data Networks in the 4.9 GHz Band: Potential, Pitfalls & Promise”, A Technology Whitepaper (Mar. 2004). |
Morris, Tom, “IRC's Anotherm™ PC Boards Eliminate Heatsinks for Automotive LED Applications”, TT electronics, Jun. 17, 2003 (2 page). |
Article entitled: “Surface Mount LEDs: The Winding Road to Today's Solutions”, Dialight, The Worldwide Leader in LED Technology, Copyright 2005 (4 pages). |
Morris, Tom, “Aluminum Substrates Make Light Work of Visible LED Circuits”, Canadian Electronics Buyer's Guide, Mar. 3, 2006 (2 pages). |
News Release entitled: “Substrate Solves Power LED Thermal Problems”, TT Electronics Welwyn Components, Apr. 15, 2004 (2 page). |
Product News entitled: “Aluminum Substrate PCBs eliminate heatsinks in automotive LED Lighting”, Reed Electronics Group, May 2004 (1 page). |
Morris, Tom, “IRC's Anotherm™ Technology Enables LEDs to Operate at Full Power”, TT electronics, Feb. 15, 2006, ( 3 page). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Atjoi, et al., Proceedings 9th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. IEEE RO-MAN 2000 (Cat. No. 00TH8499) 96-100 (2000). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Atjoi, et al., Transactions of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, Part C, 122-C(10) 1846-1855 (Oct. 2002). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Atjoi, et al., Electrical Engineering in Japan, 147(1), 60-69 (Apr. 15, 2004). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Bruzewicz, A.J., “Remote Sensing and GIS for Emergency Management” Proceedings of the First Federal Geographic Technology Conference, Exposition and DataMart (Sep. 26-28 1994). |
Full Text Article from Dialog entitled: “Department of Energy Improves Emergency Communications Management With SeNTinel WebEOC From CML Emergency Services Inc. ”PR Newswire , p. 5336 (Aug. 3, 2000). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Dong, Pinlian, “Development of a GIS/GPS-based Emergency Response System”, Geomatica, 59(4), 427-433 (2005). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Gadomski, et al, “An Approach to the Intelligent Decision Advisor (IDA) for Emergency Managers” 6th Annual Conference of the International Emergency Management Society (1999). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Gadomski, et al., “Towards Intelllignet Decision Support Systems for Emergency Managers: the IDS approach”, International J. of Risk Assessment & Management, 2(3-4), 224-242 (2001). |
Full Text Article from Dialog entitled: “Globalstar Develops Wireless Emergency Management Communications System for Disaster Response” PR Newswire (Oct. 6, 2005). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Gross, “The Design and Management of an International Disaster Information Resource Network (Binding an Emergency Lane on the Information Superhighway),” The International Emergency Management and Engineering Conference 1995 (May 9-12, 1995). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Hamit, “Out from R and D: A Net-based Command and Control Virtual Community for Emergency Management”, Advanced Imaging, 13(2), 81-82 (Feb. 1998). |
Full Text Article from Dialog entitled: “Homeland Security Official Seeks Coherent Wireless Strategy” Communications Daily (Dec. 11, 2002). |
Abstract from Dialog of the article for: Laben, “Integration of Remote Sensing Data and Geographic Information System Technology for Emergency Managers and Their Applications at the Pacific Disaster Center”, Optical Engineering, 41(9), 2129-2136 (Sep. 2002). |
Full Text Article from Dialog entitled: Morrissey, et al., Red Cross to Use Portable LANs to Coordinate Disaster Relief PC Week, 5(5), C1 (Feb. 2, 1988). |
Full Text Article from Dialog entitled: “National Center for missing & Exploited Children Joins Forces with Nextel, Comlabs, and the Pennsylvania State Police to Develop New Wireless Amber Alert Service” Business Wire (Jul. 12, 2004). |
Full Text Article from Dialog entitled: NexGen City™, Public Safety Wireless Network Provider, Deploys SPECTRUM® INFINITY™; Aprisma Solution Ensures Availability of Data, Voice and Video fro NexGen City's Wireless First Responder Network, PR Newswire (Jul. 12, 2004). |
Full Text Article from Dialog entitled: “XM Radio and Weather Works to Launch Breakthrough Real-Time Weather Data Service for Aviation, Marine and Emergency Management; Garmin and Heads Up Technologies to Provide State-of-the-Art Receivers” PR Newswire (Apr. 7, 2003). |
Siuru, William, “Police Cars go High-Tech” Popular Electronics, 11, 59-62 (Aug. 1994). |
Boomer, Rachel “Test Car Has Perks, Lacks Basics,” Halifax Daily News, Weekly Edition, 87 (Nov. 12, 1997). |
“Guide Lightbar Guidance Added to Case IH Line,” Successful Farming, 101(2), 40A, (Feb. 1, 2003). |
Storey, Denis “IWCE 2003 Preview” Mobile Radio Technology, 21(2) (Feb. 1, 2003). |
“IWCE—Cimarron Technologies” Mobile Radio Technology, 21(3) (Mar. 1, 2003). |
Dees, Tim “The Patrol Video Project,” Law & Order, 52(7), 92 (Jul. 1, 2004). |
“Cisco 3200 Series Wireless and Mobile Router—2.4-GHz and 4.9-GHz Antenna Guide” product reference, Cisco Systems Inc. (© 2005). |
Ethan WAN Systems Product page regarding “TS900/TS930 Series”, unknown date retrieved from http://www.etherwan.com/products.aspx?categoryID=246 on Oct. 11, 2006. |
Data Sheet entitled “Axis 211/211A Network Cameras-Superior video quality for professional indoor and outdoor applications”, AXIS Communications (2006). |
Data Sheet entitled “Transforming SCADA as you know it”, TERRA Intelligent RTU, Federal Signal Controls, (2006). |
Product page entitled “GPS Vehicle Tracking Units: Shadow Tracker™ 2000”, retrieved from http://www.onetrackinc.com/Shadow-Tracker-2000.htm on Oct. 10, 2006. |
Calem, Robert E., “Battle of the Networking Stars: Part One—ZigBee and Z-Wave wireless technologies fight for the home”, Digital Connect Magazine, 2005, n 008, p. 35. |
Paillard, Cedric “Chips square off on Zigbee”, Electronic Engineering Times, 2005, n 1365, p. 66. |
Bulk, Frank, Update: Wireless Lan Battle Plan—“We pitted four top products against one another in a second WLAN competition. As in the first contest, Airespace's entry earned our Editor's Choice award” Network Computing, 2005, n 1603, p. 51. |
DeMaria, Michael J., Last Line of Defense—Perimeter Security Is Failing Us. Look to a Host-Based Approach to Protect Your Enterprise From Strikes Against Multiple Fronts Network Computing, 2004, n 1508, p. 38. |
DeMaria, Michael J., “Home Smart Home”, Network Computing, 2002, n 1301, p. 55. |
Yoshida, Junko, “Buzz surrounds ZigBee as pervasive wireless spec”, Electronic Engineering Times, 2001, n 1192, p. 16. |
Curran, Lawrence, “Embedded MCUs/MPUs Weather the Storm—Embedded Processors Are Finding More Diverse Applications, With 32-Bit Devices Building Steam”, EBN, 2001, n 1257, p. 55. |
Krochmal, Mo, “You Lead, They Will Follow: Footprints paints a digital map of consumers' trails—New IBM Technology Follows Retail Customers' Footsteps”, Computer Reseller News, 2000, n 880, p. 69. |
Medford, Cassimir, “Changing Fortunes—Vendors Gauge Their Integrator Relationships (Systems/ Network Integration)” Varbusiness, 1993, n 905 , 91. |
Geoffrey, James, “The future that never was: seven products that could have changed the industry but didn't”, Electronic Business, 31, 12, 46(6) Dec. 2005. |
Cravotta, Robert, “Charting your course: follow the silicon-bread-crumb trail in this directory to find the perfect device for your project. (The 32nd Annual Microprocessor Directory) (Cover Story)”, EDN, 50, 16, 57(11) Aug. 4, 2005. |
Grimes, Brad, “With wireless, it's good to learn from others: agency initiatives offer valuable lessons about technology and security.(technology use by Army)” Government Computer News, 24, 20, 34(1) Jul. 25, 2005. |
“Spotwave to Launch Home Indoor Wireless Coverage.(launch of wireless communications equipment by Spotwave Wireless Inc.)”, eWeek, NA Mar. 14, 2005. |
Bulk, Frank—Update: “ Wireless Lan Battle Plan—We pitted four top products against one another in a second WLAN competition. As in the first contest, Airespace's entry earned our Editor's Choice award”, Network Computing, 51 Feb. 17, 2005. |
Margulius, David L., “IPv6 marches forward—The next-generation Internet Protocol could spark a new generation of embedded and mobile network applications”, InfoWorld, 26, 50, 8—Dec 13, 2004. |
DeMaria, Michael J., “Last Line of Defense—Perimeter Security Is Failing Us. Look to a Host-Based Approach to Protect Your Enterprise From Strikes Against Multiple Fronts”, Network Computing, 38 Apr. 29, 2004. |
Rash, Wayne, Security Adviser: Your security tune-up—It's 2003 and already it's time to review existing policies and perform vital status checks, InfoWorld, 25, 3, 26 Jan. 20, 2003. |
Amato, Ivan, “Big Brother Logs on.(increasing surveillance and lack of privacy increases)”, Technology Review (Cambridge, Mass.), 104, 7, 59 Sep. 2001. |
Krochmal, Mo, “You Lead, They Will Follow: Footprints paints a digital map of consumers' trails—New IBM Technology Follows Retail Customers' Footsteps. (Company Business and Marketing)”, Computer Reseller News, 69 Feb. 7, 2000. |
Lammers, David, “Network-ready home appliances blanket show(intelligent deices linked over networks featured at International Housewares 2000 Tradeshow)(Company Business and Marketing)”, Electronic Engineering Times, 24, Jan. 24, 2000. |
Jones, Timothy, “Healthcare Roundup (Buyers Guide)”, Teleconnect, 7, 2, 49(1) Feb. 1999. |
Dodge, John, “Hidden VPN Security Costs Are Worth the Price.(Virtual private networks) (Technology Information)” PC Week, v15, n29, p. N29(1)—Jul. 20, 1998. |
Davis, Stan, “What's your emotional bandwidth? (keeping people's attention in the computer age)(Forbes @ 80) (Industry Trend or Event)”, Forbes, v159, n14, p. 233(1) Jul. 7, 1997. |
“Wireless: Ortel issued 3 patents for Series 5800 fiberoptics; advanced technology for in-building cellular coverage. (Industry Legal Issue) EDGE”, on & about AT&T, v10, n379, p. 11(1)—Oct. 30, 1995. |
“GSM: Ortel announces GSM & DCS1800 versions of series 5800 for in-building cellular coverage using fiberoptic technology; allows cellular operators to maintain competitive edge by enabling new services & expanding coverage areas”, EDGE, on & about AT&T, v10, n376, p. 39(1)—Oct. 9, 1995. |
“PCS: Ortel announces PCS version of revolutionary Series 5800 Fiberoptic Antennas to provide in-building PCS coverage. New application of fiber-optic technology allows PCS operators to compete with the cellular industry (Personal Communications Network )”, EDGE, on & about AT&T, v10, n374, p. 24(1)—Sep. 25, 1995. |
“Wireless world: Ortel announces cutting-edge Series 5800 for in-building cellular coverage using fiber-optic technology. (Product Announcement)”, EDGE, on & about AT&T, v10, n341, p. 29(1)—Feb. 6, 1995. |
Brambert, Dave, “Get board easily? The newest board game: getting market ownership by owning silicon. (Channel News)”, LAN Magazine, v8, n13, p. 240(2)—Dec. 1993. |
Feit, Edward, “Computer-linked pager improves security, saves Morton money. (Morton International Inc.)”, Communications News, v30, n4, p. 24(1) Apr. 1993. |
Baron, David et al., “Radio Data Broadcast System debuts. (News from CES and MacWorld) (Brief Article)” Digital Media, v2, n8, p. 19(1)—Jan. 18, 1993. |
Cox, John , “Switches simplify WLAN deployment”, Journal: Network World, p. 1, Publication Date: Apr. 14, 2003. |
Johnson, Maryfran, “The 12 Beeps of Xmas”, Journal: Computerworld, p. 20, Publication Date: Dec. 23, 2002. |
Briefs—Journal: Computerworld, p. 56, Publication Date: Sep. 30, 1996. |
Wexler, Joanie M., “Mobile users just a beep away Start-up's WinBeep to extend reach of Motorola's Alert Central”, Journal: Computerworld, p. 51, Publication Date: Feb. 22, 1992. |
Eckerson, Wayne, “Revolution in the air Wireless options shaking up the voice system market”, Journal: Network World, p. 68, Publication Date: Jun. 15, 1992. |
“Senate Govt. Affairs Committee ranking Democrat”, Communications Daily Jul. 6, 2004 Document Type: Newsletter. |
Ziembicki, M., et al., “Hardware random number generator designed for cryptographic systems”, Journal: Kwartalnik Elektroniki i Telekomunikacji , vol. 49, No. 4, p. 503-14 Publisher: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, Publication Date: 2003 Country of Publication: Poland. |
Hudgins-Bonafield, Christy, et al., “Where There's Smoke . . . ”, Network Computing, 1996, n 718, p. 22. |
Antelman, Leonard, “Mixed-signal ICs getting hotter”, Electronic Buyers' News, 1992, n 796, PE 20. |
Latest cabling and wiring products.(News Briefs), Communications News, 37, 6, 44 Jun. 2000. |
Rigney, Steve, “The network smoke detector . (Kaspia Automated Network Monitoring System 1.1)(Network Edition First Looks) (Software Review)(Evaluation)” PC Magazine, v16, n7, p. NE19(1) Apr. 8, 1997. |
“Network diagnostics: LANQuest announces InterView, the first browser-based proactive network diagnostic center.(Product Announcement)”, EDGE: Work-Group Computing Report, v8, p. 28(1)—Feb. 3, 1997. |
Zyskowski, John, “Controlling current events: choosing an uninterruptible power supply or line protector. (includes related articles on UPS add-ons, shutdown software and simple network management protocol) (Buyers Guide)”, Computer Shopper, v16, n4, p. 302(15)—Apr. 1996. |
Cohodas, Marilyn J., “Rescue plan. (Federal Emergency Management Agency) (PC Week Executive) (includes related articles on cost savings, walking away from potential disasters)”, PC Week, v12, n21, p. E1(2)—May 29, 1995. |
Schurr, Amy, “Protection from infection; anti-virus software is a necessary safeguard for networked, stand-alone PCs, say corporate buyers. (includes related set of tips for avoiding virus-related problems) (PC Week Netweek)”, PC Week, v11, n42, p. N3(1) Oct. 24, 1994. |
Abel, Amee Eisenberg, “World Trade Center bombing underscores need for data-loss prevention. (Brief Article)”, Computer Shopper, v13, n7, p. 72(1)—Jul. 1993. |
Rossheim, John, “Handwriting-recognition features can make or break pen computing. (Mobile Computing: PC Week Supplement)”, PC Week, v10, n15, p. S15(1)—Apr. 19, 1993. |
Jacobs, Paula, “How critical is mission-critical? (prioritizing applications and users according to business needs and systems costs) (Enterprise Computing)”, HP Professional, v7, n3, p. 36(3)—Mar. 1993. |
“New for networks: NetAlarm 2.0 network monitoring. (Meyers and Associates) (Product Announcement)”, Newsbytes, pNEW08060022—Aug. 6, 1991. |
Cox, John, “Start-up offers high-capacity WLAN gear”, Journal:Network World, p. 17, Publication Date: Mar. 28, 2005. |
Patch, Kimberly, et al., “Invasion of the embedded systems”, Journal: Network World p. 1, Publication Date: Jun. 8, 1998. |
Dryden, Patrick, “Kaspia automated network management suite gives an early warning of problems”, Journal: Computerworld, p. 61, Publication Date: Sep. 9, 1996. |
Gibbs, Mark, “Bad times are just around the corner Net Results”, Journal: Network World, p. 22, Publication Date: Feb. 21, 1994. |
“Airline Alcohol Restriction Unlikely to Generate Sufficient Support Satellite Today” Jul. 20, 2001 vol. 4 Issue: 138 Document Type: Newsletter. |
Results of Google Search performed. |
Article entitled “Crist praises work of first responders”, article from Ocala Star Banner (Feb. 7, 2006). |
“Emergency Alert & Notification Solutions for Government and Business”, (Homeland Defense Training Conference), Homeland Defense Journal, Jun. 29, 2006. |
“Weather Hazards Assessment”, United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Dec. 28, 2006. |
“Senate Approves Nominees for NTIC, NTSB, Saint Lawrence, Seaway, NOAA and USG”, United States Senate Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation, Dec. 11, 2006. |
“Executive Order: Public Alert and Warning System” (Press Release) Jun. 26, 2006. |
Power Point Presentation entitled “Arjent S2/Legend Product Introduction”, by Paul Gergets presented during a telephone interview on May 10, 2007, 25 slides. |
Federal Signal Corporation Brochure for “Arjent S2 LED Light Bar”, bulletin #3185, version 306, 4 pages, 2006. |
Federal Signal Corporation Brochure for “Raydian S2 Light Bar”, Bright New Thinking, Preliminary Draft, #m1037, 2 pages, 2007. |
Federal Signal Corporation Brochure for “Legend Light Bar”, As Brilliant Inside as it is Outside, #3190, 3 pages, 2007. |
Federal Signal Corporation Brochure for “Arjent SL Light Bar”, bulletin M1005, version 406, 2 pages, 2007. |
Federal Signal Corporation Brochure for “Raydian SL Light Bar”, bulletin #M1035, version 906, 4 pages, 2006. |
Photo of Whelen Lightbar (Model No. SX8BBBB LFL Liberty). |
Brochure for Code 3 Public Safety Equipment, Inc., “LED X™ 2100 Light Bar”, Installation Operation Manual, Jun. 2002. |
Brochure for “Whelen Edge LFL Liberty Linear-LED-Light Bars”, Form# LIB0506, 2006. |
Press Release “Nice Systems Launches Three New Nice Vision Digital Video and Audio Recording Solutions”, retrieved from http:www.nice.com/news/show—pr.oho/id=170 on Apr. 1, 2009 (2 pages). |
Product page entitled “About Nice Vision” retrieved from http:www.nice.com/products/video/nicevision—about.php on Apr. 1, 2009 (2 pages). |
Letter dated Aug. 14, 2007 to Bryan Boettger from the County of Los Angeles Sheriff's Department Headquarters regarding Arjent S2 Light Bars. |
Article entitled “Fight Crime Without Wires: Colorado City's Wireless Network Uses GPRS and Wi-Fi to get information to Public-Safety Workers Faster,”The Gale Group, Information Week, (Feb. 9, 2004). |
Enriquez, Darryl, “Wireless System Appeals to Panel: Idea Now Goes to Waukesha Council,” KRTBN Knight-Rider Tribune Business News—The Milwaukee Journal, (Feb. 16, 2006). |
Douglas, Merrill, “Bringing CAD Into the Field,” Mobile Radio Technology, vol. 22, No. 11, p. 36, (Nov. 1, 2004). |
CADVoice® Fire Station Controls: Visual Indicators and Automated Control of Lights, Doors, and More, retrieved from http://locution.com/products/cadvoice—firestation.htm on Jan. 15, 2007. |
Highlighted Features and Benefits, :“Fire Station Alerting” retrieved from http://comtechcom.net/fireestationalerting/model10—fire—station—alert on Jan. 15, 2007. |
Fire Station Alerting & Controls, Firefigher Health and Safety, retrieved from http//firestationalerting,com/index.pjp?module=ContentExpress on Jan. 15, 2007. |
Stallings, William, “Data and Computer Communications”, Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, Collier Macmillan Publishers, London, total pp. 604 Copyright 1995. |
“Printed Circuit Board and Component Keying and Retention Design” IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 33(4) (Sep. 1, 1990). |
Supplementary European Search Report 07 75 8625 (Dec. 6, 2011). |
Article entitled “Fight Crime Without Wires: Colorado City's Wireless Network Uses GPRS and Wi-Fi to get Information to Public-Safety Workers Faster”, The Gale Group, Information Week, (Feb. 9, 2004). |
Champaign Security System LLC., “The VideoSNITCH Street Sentinel”, (2 pages). |
Champaign Security System LLC., VideoSNITCH announcement (1 page, Jun. 28, 2004). |
Champaign Security Systems, the VideoSNITCH (2 pages, Feb. 8, 2007). |
Douglas, Merrill, “Bringing CAD Into the Field”, Mobile Radio Technology, vol. 22, No. 11, p. 36, (Nov. 1, 2004). |
Enriquez, Darryl, “Wireless System Appeals to Panel: Idea Now Goes to Waukesha Council”, KRTBN Knight-Rider Tribune Business News—The Milwaukee Journal, (Feb. 16, 2006). |
SWAP900, Solar Wireless Access Point, iRDATA Corporation, (2 pages, 2006). |
European Patent Office, Extended European Search Report in European Patent Application No. 10800494.6, Jan. 23, 2015. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20070195939 A1 | Aug 2007 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
60775634 | Feb 2006 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 11394752 | Mar 2006 | US |
Child | 11548209 | US | |
Parent | 11505642 | Aug 2006 | US |
Child | 11394752 | US |