The disclosure relates generally to magnetic material and more specifically to magnetic material for electromechanical systems for developing magnetism in a desired profile.
A magnet is an object or material that produces a magnetic field that exerts attractive forces on opposite poles and repulsive forces on same poles. Magnets can be used in a wide variety of devices that utilize magnetic forces mediated by magnetic fields that result in attractive and repulsive forces between entities.
Magnetic materials are materials that exhibit magnetic properties and can generate and respond to magnetic fields. For example, ferromagnetic material is a type of magnetic material that exhibits strong magnetic properties. Ferromagnetic materials can have spontaneous magnetization so that they can become permanently magnetized in the absence of an external magnetic field.
The atoms in ferromagnetic materials align in a specific pattern to create magnetic domains. Ferromagnetic materials become magnetized and exhibit strong magnetic properties when the magnetic domains created by atoms in ferromagnetic materials are aligned. In this case, ferromagnetic materials can retain magnetization for extended periods, making the ferromagnetic materials useful for several applications such as magnets, transformers, motors, drivers, and sensors.
Intensive properties for magnetic material are the material properties which do not change with the amount of material, and extensive properties for magnetic material are the material properties which change with the amount of material. The behavior of ferromagnetic material can be influenced by environmental factors like temperature, external magnetic fields, and presence of magnetic materials in a close range.
An illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus comprising: a number of magnetic materials distributed in the apparatus according to a magnetic property profile and a force profile comprising a number of forces acting on the apparatus, wherein the magnetic property profile comprises magnetic properties that are associated with forces in the force profile for the number of magnetic materials.
Another illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a number of magnetic materials, comprising: determining a force profile for the number of magnetic materials, wherein the force profile for the number of magnetic materials is determined for altering the magnetic field of an electromechanical system; determining a distribution for the number of magnetic materials based on volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials using the force profile; and producing the number of magnetic materials using the distribution and the volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials.
Another illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for manufacturing a number of magnetic materials, comprising: determining a force profile for the number of magnetic materials, wherein the force profile for the number of magnetic materials is determined for altering the magnetic field of an electromechanical system; determining a magnetic force profile for the number of magnetic materials using the force profile; determining a magnetic property profile and volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials using the magnetic force profile, wherein the volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials comprises concentration of magnetic particles and voids in a material structure for the number of magnetic materials; determining a distribution for the number of magnetic materials based on the magnetic property profile and volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials; generating a manufacturing plan for the number of magnetic materials; additively manufacturing the number of magnetic materials using the distribution for the number of magnetic materials and the manufacturing plan; generating a magnetic structure for an electromagnetic system using the number of magnetic materials; and configuring a number of supporting devices for the number of magnetic materials, wherein the number of supporting devices applies forces to the number of magnet materials.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
The illustrative embodiments recognize and take into account a number of different considerations as described herein. For example, the illustrative embodiments recognize and take into account that functional gradients have been observed to improve material properties across design motifs. These design motifs provide improved material strength and toughness, which are often compromised through other techniques.
The illustrative embodiments also recognize and take into account that functional gradients of ferromagnetic particles can be used to create distributions that result in customized magnetic fields and magnetic characteristics that generate forces between entities.
The illustrative embodiments also recognize and take into account that additive manufacturing has expanded development of functionally graded structures that can be used for many applications. For example, the additively manufactured structure with functional gradients can be used for motors, magnetic resonance imaging scanners, sensors, solenoids, transformers, inductive heaters, and valves.
As used herein, when used with reference to items, “a number of” means one or more of the items. For example, “a number of different types of communication networks” is one or more different types of communication networks. Similarly, “a set of,” when used with reference to items, means one or more of the items.
Further, the term “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used, and only one of each item in the list may be needed. In other words, “at least one of” means any combination of items and number of items may be used from the list, but not all of the items in the list are required. The item may be a particular object, a thing, or a category.
For example, without limitation, “at least one of item A, item B, or item C” may include item A, item A and item B, or item B. This example may also include item A, item B, and item C or item B and item C. Of course, any combination of these items may be present. In some illustrative examples, “at least one of” may be, for example, without limitation, two of item A; one of item B; and ten of item C; four of item B and seven of item C; or other suitable combinations.
With reference now to the figures, and in particular, with reference to
Volume fraction is the volume of a material feature or constituent in a region relative to the total volume of that region. Volume fraction is unitless and is often reported as a percentage. Volume fraction may indicate proportions of any material feature including but not limited to composition, constituents, arrangements, distribution, grain size, dimensions, orientations, porosity, pore size, phases, crystallinity, and properties. The volume fraction may correspond to a region of any scale such as macroscale, mesoscale, microscale, and nanoscale and is not necessarily indicative of the whole material as the material may be comprised of regions with different volume fractions.
Local magnetic properties are the effective intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic properties of a local region of a material. The local magnetic properties can be influenced by the corresponding mass fraction and volume fraction of the material feature in that region.
In
In this example, magnetic particles for distribution of magnetic particles 104 can be selected from a number of magnetic materials such as paramagnetic materials, diamagnetic materials, ferromagnetic materials, or particles for any suitable magnetic materials.
In this illustrative example, distribution of magnetic particles 104 can be determined using force profiles for pairing 100 and pairing 102. For example, a force profile that includes information associated with desired forces that are acting on magnetic particles and permanent magnets 106 in pairing 100 can be used to determine distribution of magnetic particles 104. In other words, distribution of magnetic particles 104 can be tailored based on desired forces acting on magnetic particles and permanent magnets.
In this illustrative example, the force profiles for distribution of magnetic particles 104 can include locations of equilibrium, force direction, force magnitude, and any suitable information related to desired forces acting on particles for distribution of magnetic particles 104.
In this example, the distribution of magnetic particles 104 alters the local magnetic properties which affect magnetic force. In this illustrative example, local magnetic properties such as desired physical characteristics and chemical characteristics contribute to performance of magnetic materials used in pairing 100 and pairing 102. Magnetic force can be tailored by customizing the volume fractions for magnetic materials used in pairing 100 and pairing 102. In this example, the volume fractions include concentrations and size of magnetic particles for magnetic materials used in pairing 100 and pairing 102. In this illustrative example, multiple magnetic materials can be used as magnetic materials in pairing 100 and pairing 102. In this illustrative example, electromagnets and multiple permanent magnets having a variety of shapes, sizes, orientations, compositions, and grades can be used for permanent magnets 106. Local magnetic properties associated with magnetic forces as illustrated in pairing 100 and pairing 102 can be customized spatially to form a magnetic property profile associated with a magnetic force profile. Distribution of volume fractions for magnetic particles can be adjusted such that electromechanical systems will operate according to magnetic forces in a force profile.
Further, the magnetic properties of magnetic materials used in pairing 100 and pairing 102 can also be tailored to form a magnetic property profile. In this illustrative example, a magnetic property profile includes local magnetic properties such as desired physical characteristics and chemical characteristics that contribute to performance of magnetic materials used in pairing 100 and pairing 102. For example, the magnetic property profile can include microstructure, dimension, arrangement, orientation, or any suitable physical and structural characteristics for magnetic materials used in pairing 100 and pairing 102. As depicted, local magnetic properties associated with magnetic forces as illustrated in pairing 100 and pairing 102 can be customized spatially to form a magnetic property profile associated with a magnetic force profile.
As a result, distribution of magnetic particles 104 can be determined using the magnetic force profile and the magnetic property profile as depicted above.
In this illustrative example, distribution of magnetic particles 104 can be used to manufacture magnetic materials using manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing. In this illustrative example, a manufacturing process plan can be created for manufacturing magnetic materials using distribution of magnetic particles 104. For example, the manufacturing process plan can include configuration of thermodynamic processes, distribution of binders, curing times, path planning, raster planning, or any suitable configuration associated with manufacturing process for magnetic materials.
It should be understood that the illustrated diagram is only one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, permanent magnets 106 can be replaced by other supporting devices such as electromagnets, springs, bearings, and any suitable mechanisms. In addition, the illustration of pairing 100 and pairing 102 in
Magnets are used in a wide variety of electromechanical devices such as motors, magnetic resonance imaging scanners, sensors, solenoids, transformers, inductive heaters, and valves. Some of these devices utilize force developed by magnets which is known as magnetism mediated by magnetic fields resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between entities.
Electromechanical systems with control elements are commonly used to tailor loads and often need components like motors, power sources, drivers, and sensors to complete works. The method illustrated in
With reference now to
In
Magnetic particles for distribution 200 can result in a net horizontal force acting on a permanent magnet along the corresponding path, as illustrated by plot 204. In other words, the magnetic material generated using distribution 200 can result in magnetic forces along the magnetic material that gradually increase in a linear fashion until reaching a peak and then decrease to the starting level in a linear fashion.
With reference now to
Distribution 300 shows magnetic particles that have a composition following a double sawtooth function along a horizontal axis, as illustrated in plot 302. In this illustrative example, distribution 300 includes magnetic particles that exhibit a pattern that starts at a first concentration and gradually increases the concentration in a linear fashion until it reaches a peak and then drops back to the starting concentration. The concentration of magnetic particles repeats the pattern described above before resetting to the starting concentration.
Magnetic particles for distribution 300 can result in a net horizontal force acting on a permanent magnet along the corresponding path, as illustrated by plot 304. In other words, the magnetic material generated using distribution 300 can result in magnetic forces along the magnetic material that gradually increase in a linear fashion until reaching a peak and decrease to the starting level in a linear fashion, and repeats the pattern for a second time before resetting to the starting level.
With reference now to
In
Magnetic particles for distribution 400 can result in a net horizontal force acting on a permanent magnet along the corresponding path, as illustrated by plot 404. In other words, the magnetic material generated using distribution 400 can result in magnetic forces along the magnetic material that remain constant at two levels and abruptly transition between these two levels.
With reference now to
Distribution 500 shows magnetic particles that have a composition following a quadratic function along a horizontal axis, as illustrated in plot 502. In this illustrative example, distribution 500 includes magnetic particles that exhibit a pattern that starts at first concentration and increases the concentration at an accelerated rate. In other words, distribution 500 includes the lowest concentration of magnetic particles at one end and the highest concentration of magnetic particles at the other end.
In this example, magnetic particles for distribution 500 can result in a net horizontal force acting on a permanent magnet along the corresponding path, as illustrated by plot 504. In other words, the magnetic material generated using distribution 500 can result in magnetic forces such that the magnetic forces change at an accelerating or decelerating rate along the magnetic material.
With reference now to
In
In this example, volume fractions for magnetic materials for distribution 600 can result in a net horizontal force acting on a permanent magnet along the corresponding path, as illustrated by plot 604. In other words, the magnetic material generated using distribution 600 can result in magnetic forces that increase and decrease in a uniform manner along the magnetic material.
With reference now to
As depicted, functional gradients from distribution of magnetic particles can be formed along multiple dimensions. In this example, distribution 702 illustrates a functional gradient from distribution of magnetic particles that follows a non-linear path. Distribution 704 illustrates a functional gradient from distribution of magnetic particles that follows a planar distribution in the shape of a circle. Distribution 706 illustrates a three-dimensional volumetric distribution in the shape of a cylinder.
Turning next to
Process 800 begins by determining a force profile for a number of magnetic materials (step 802). In step 802, the force profile is a representation that describes how forces change with respect to parameters or conditions for the number of magnetic materials. In this example, the force profile correlates to the magnetism response field of an electromechanical system.
Process 800 determines a magnetic force profile for the number of magnetic materials using the force profile (step 804). Process 800 determines a magnetic property profile and volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials using the magnetic force profile (step 806). In step 806, the volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials include concentration of magnetic particles and voids in a material structure for the number of magnetic materials.
Process 800 determines a distribution for the number of magnetic materials based on the magnetic property profile and volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials (step 808). Process 800 generates a manufacturing plan for the number of magnetic materials (step 810). Process 800 additively manufactures the number of magnetic materials using the distribution for the number of magnetic materials and the manufacturing plan (step 812).
Process 800 generates a magnetic structure for an electromagnetic system using the number of magnetic materials (step 814). Process 800 configures a number of supporting devices for the number of magnetic materials (step 816). In step 816, the number of supporting devices can apply forces to the number of magnetic materials. The process terminates thereafter.
Turning next to
The process begins by determining a force profile for a number of magnetic materials (step 902). In step 902, the force profile correlates to varying magnetic properties in an electromechanical system. The process determines a distribution for the number of magnetic materials based on volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials using the force profile (step 904). The process produces the number of magnetic materials using the distribution and the volume fractions for the number of magnetic materials (step 906). The process terminates thereafter.
All of the methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of the present disclosure have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the present disclosure. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain agents which are both chemically and physiologically related may be substituted for the agents described herein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/370,463, filed Aug. 4, 2022, and entitled “Functional Gradients in Additive Manufacturing to Tailor Magnetism or Magnetic Fields,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63370463 | Aug 2022 | US |