Fungicidal methods, compounds and compositions containing benzophenones

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Food production relies upon a variety of agricultural technologies to ensure the growing population's dietary needs remain affordable, nutritious and readily available on grocery store shelves. Fungicides are one of these agricultural technologies which are available to the world community. Fungicides are agrochemical compounds which shield crops and foods from fungus and fungal diseases. Crops and food are constantly threatened by a variety of fungal organisms, which, if left uncontrolled, can cause ruined crops and devastated harvests.
In particular, ascomycetes, the causative agent for powdery mildew diseases are an ever-present threat especially to cereal and fruit crops. However, applications of fungicidal agents at disease control rates can cause phytotoxic damage to the target plants.
Therefore it is an object of this invention to provide a method to control phytopathogenic fungus without causing concurrent phytotoxic damage to the host plant.
It is another object of this invention to provide an effective and safe method for the protection of important agronomic crops from the damage and loss caused by a phytopathogenic fungal infection and the disease caused thereby.
It is a further object of this invention to provide benzophenone fungicidal agents and fungicidal compositions comprising a benzophenone compound.
These and other objects and features of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinbelow.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method for the control of a phytopathogenic fungus or a disease caused thereby which comprises contacting said fungus with a fungicidally effective amount of a benzophenone compound of formula I ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy group, a cyano or a nitro group; m is 0 or an integer of 1, 2, 3 or 4; R.sup.2 independently represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy group, a nitro group or when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are attached to adjacent carbon atoms, R.sup.1 and one R.sup.2 may be taken together to represent --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH-- or optionally substituted alkylene or oxyalkyleneoxy, such as O--CF.sub.2 --O; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, halogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, cyano, carboxy, hydroxy, nitro, or an optionally substituted amino group; R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl or acyl group; R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen, halogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, a nitro, hydroxy, phenoxy, trialkylsilyloxy group, --ONa, --OK, --OC(O)R.sup.7, --OCHR.sup.8 C(O)R.sup.7, --OC(O)NR.sup.8 R.sup.9, --OS(O).sub.2 R.sup.8, --OS(O) .sub.2 NR.sup.8 R.sup.9, --OP(X.sup.1) (OR.sup.8)OR.sup.9, --OP(X.sup.1) (R.sup.8)R.sup.9, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2 R.sup.8, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may be taken together to represent an optionally substituted alkylene or alkyleneoxy chain; n is 0, or an integer of 1 or 2; R.sup.6 independently represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, hydroxy, --OC(O)R.sup.10 group, or when R5 and R6 are attached to adjacent carbon atoms, R.sup.5 and one R.sup.6 may be taken together to represent --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH-- or an optionally substituted oxyalkyleneoxy chain; R.sup.7 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy or aryl group; R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, or R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 may be taken together to represent an alkylene chain optionally interrupted by an oxygen or nitrogen atom; X represents an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom or a group NOR; X.sup.1 represents an oxygen or sulphur atom; Y represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or a sulphonyl or sulphinyl group; and R represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or acyl group.
As used in the specification and claims, the term "benzophenone" encompasses oxime derivatives of benzophenone (X=NOR), benzothiophenones (X=S) and the underivatized benzophenone ketone (X=O).
The present invention also provides crop protection methods, fungicidal benzophenone compounds of formula Ia, methods of preparation of said benzophenone compounds and fungicidal compositions comprising at least one formula I or Ia compound and an agriculturally acceptable carrier.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Huge economic losses have resulted from the devastation and damage of important agronomic and horticultural crops caused by fungal infection and infestation. Pest management strategies, field resistance, and virulent strains have all contributed to agriculturalists' concerns for combatting phytopathogenic fungal disease. In particular, ascomycetes, the causative agents for powdery mildew diseases continues to be a serious concern in cereal crop and fruit production. Further, in a variety of fungicidal agent applications concomitant phytotoxic injury to the host plant may be observed.
It has now been found that benzophenone compounds of formula I are highly effective fungicidal agents and are particularly effective for controlling mildew diseases such as powdery mildew. Compounds of formula I useful in fungus control methods are those benzophenones having the structure ##STR3## wherein X, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, m and n are described hereinabove.
Alkyl as a substituent or as a part of other substituents, such as alkoxy or alkylthio may be straight-chain or branched and may contain up to eighteen, preferably up to 14, and especially up to 10, carbon atoms, individual examples including: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, etc. as well as their isomers such as isopropyl, isobutyl, tertiary-butyl, isopentyl, and the like. Lower alkyl or alkoxy groups have from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. A cycloalkyl moiety as a substituent or as a part of other substituents suitably contains from 3 to 10, preferably from 3 to 6, carbon atoms. An alkenyl or alkynyl group suitably has from 2 to 6, preferably from 2 to 4 chain members, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, butenyl and the like as well as for chains with more than one double bond such as pentadienyl and the like. An alkylene chain usefully has 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 4, members.
An acyl group is formally formed by the removal of hydroxyl from a carboxyl group, and is used herein to include formyl and optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl and arylcarbonyl groups.
A halogen atom represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably chlorine. Preferred haloalkyl moieties are difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl.
Optionally substituted moieties may be unsubstituted or have from one up to the maximal chemically possible number of substituents. Optional substituents may be any of those customarily employed in the development of biocidal compounds, and/or the modification of such compounds to influence their activity, persistence, penetration and any other property. Specific examples of such substituents include halogen, especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, alkyl- or aralkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, piperidyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, carbamoyl, aryl- or benzylcarbamoyl, mono- or dialkylcarbamoyl, morpholinocarbonyl, trialkylsilyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, acyl, optionally substituted benzoyl, benzoxazolyl, alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted pyridyl, phenoxy or naphthyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group comprising halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxy, alkylthio, phenylthio, benzylthio, aralkoxy, hydroxy, carboxy, carbalkoxy, cyano, optionally substituted amino, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and the like. Alkyl moieties of such optional substituents may have from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms. If a substituted group mentioned herein does contain two or more substituents, such substituents may be identical or different.
The benzophenone compounds according to formula I are oils, gums, or, predominantly, crystalline solid materials and possess valuable fungicidal properties. For example, they can be used in agriculture, or related fields such as horticulture and viticulture, for the control of phytopathogenic fungi, especially ascomycetes, and powdery mildew disease such as Erysiphe graminis, Podosphaera leucotricha, Uncinula necator and the like. Said benzophenone compounds possess a high fungicidal activity within a wide concentration range and may be used in agriculture without harmful phytotoxic effects.
Preferred formula I compounds useful in the method of invention are those in which R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy group; m is 0 or an integer of 1, 2 or 3; and R.sup.2 independently represents a halogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy group; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together represent --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--, oxyalkyleneoxy, difluorooxymethyleneoxy or alkylene; R.sup.3 represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkylthio or alkylsulphonyl group, a nitro group, or an optionally substituted amino group; R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkoxy or alkylthio group, a hydroxy group, a trialkylsilyloxy group, or a --OC(O)R.sup.7, --OCHR.sup.8 C(O)R.sup.7, --OC(O)NR.sup.8 R.sup.9, NH--CO--R.sup.7, --OS(O).sub.2 R.sup.8 or --OS(O) .sub.2 NR.sup.8 R.sup.9 group; or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together represent an optionally substituted alkyleneoxy chain; n is 0 or the integer 1; R.sup.6 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy group or a --OC(O)R.sup.10 group; R.sup.7 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxy group; X represents an oxygen atom or an NOR group; and R represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group.
Good control of phytopathogenic fungi is obtained with a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of formula I wherein R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or an optionally substituted lower alkyl group; m is an integer of 1 or 3; R.sup.2 independently represents a halogen atom or an optionally substituted lower alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl group, or an optionally substituted amino group; R.sup.5 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkoxy or alkylthio group or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may be taken together to represent an optionally substituted alkyleneoxy chain; n is 0 or the integer 1; R.sup.6 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy group or a --OC(O)R.sup.10 group; R.sup.7 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group; X represents an oxygen atom or NOR group; Y represents an oxygen atom; and R represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.
Especially preferred are those formula I compounds in which R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; R.sup.2 independently represents a halogen atom or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents a halogen atom or an optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; R.sup.4 represents an optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; R.sup.5 represents an optionally substituted lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy or cycloalkoxy group; R.sup.6 represents an optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy or cyloalkoxy group
Effective control of phytopathogenic fungi may be achieved, for example, with a fungicidally effective amount of one or more of the following compounds:
2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-4',5',6'-trimethoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone-O-methyloxime;
2,6-dichloro-5'-t-butoxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-5',6'-di-n-butoxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2'-allyloxy-2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2'-benzyloxy-2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2'-butoxy-2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2'-cyclohexylmethoxy-2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2'-benzoylmethoxy-2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2'-cyclopentyloxy-2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-2',3',4'-trimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-2'-ethoxy-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-2'-heptyloxy-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-2'-hexyloxy-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-2'-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-6'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methyl-2'-(3-methylbutoxy)benzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methyl-2'-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methyl-2'-pentyloxybenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methyl-2'-propoxybenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-5'-(3-methylbutoxy)benzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-5'-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-5'-(octyloxy)benzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-5'-(pentyloxy)benzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-5'-propoxybenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-5-trimethylsilanylmethoxybenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-5'-(1-ethyl-propoxy)-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-5'-difluoromethoxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-5'-ethoxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-5'-heptyloxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-5'-hexyloxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-5'-isobutoxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
2,6-dichloro-5'-isopropoxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
5'-butoxy-2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
5'-cyclohexylmethoxy-2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
5'-cyclohexyloxy-2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
5'-cyclopentyloxy-2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone;
5'-cyclopropylmethoxy-2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone; or
5'-decyloxy-2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenone.
Compounds of particular fungicidal use are those compounds of Formula I B. ##STR4## wherein Q represents a hydrogen or a chlorine atom; R represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkoxy group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, or one phenyl, phenoxy, phenylthio or benzyloxy group, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and R' represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio groups, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy, with the proviso, that when Q and R represent hydrogen then R' must be other than methyl.
Preferred compounds of formula I B are those wherein Q represents a hydrogen or a chlorine atom; R represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkoxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy group optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, or one phenyl, phenoxy, phenylthio or benzyloxy group, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by halogen, methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and R' represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy.
Further compounds of particular value are those compounds of Formula I C. ##STR5## wherein Q and Q' independently represent a hydrogen atom or methyl group; R represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkoxy group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, a phenyl, phenoxy, phenylthio or benzyloxy group, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted with one or more halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy groups; and R' represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl optionally. substituted with one or more halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio groups, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by one or more halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy groups.
Preferred compounds of formula I C are those compounds, wherein Q and Q' independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkoxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, one phenyl, phenoxy, phenylthio or benzyloxy group, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and R' represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl optionally substituted by one or more fluorine, chlorine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio groups, wherein the phenyl moiety may be substituted with one or more bromine, methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy groups.
The present invention also provides new benzophenone compounds of formula Ia ##STR6## wherein R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or a cyano group; m is an integer of 2, 3 or 4; R.sup.2 independently represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy group or when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are on adjacent carbon atoms, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 together represent --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH-- an optionally substituted alkylene or oxyalkyleneoxy group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, cyano, carboxy, hydroxy, nitro, or an optionally substituted amino group; R.sup.4 represents an optionally substituted alkyl or acyl group; R.sup.5 represents a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, trialkylsilyloxy, --ONa, --OK, --OC(O)R.sup.7, --OCHR.sup.8 C(O)R.sup.7, --OC(O)NR.sup.8 R.sup.9, --OS(O).sub.2 R.sup.8, --OS(O).sub.2 NR.sup.8 R.sup.9, --OP(X.sup.1) (OR.sup.8)OR.sup.9, --OP(X.sup.1) (R.sup.8)R.sup.9, --S(O)R.sup.8 or --S(O).sub.2 R.sup.8 group or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may be taken together to represent an optionally substituted alkylene or alkyleneoxy chain; n is 0 or an integer of 1 or 2; R.sup.6 independently represents an optionally substituted alkoxy group, a hydroxy group or a --OC(O)R.sup.10 group when attached to adjacent carbon atoms, or R.sup.5 and one R.sup.6 may be taken together to represent --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH-- or an optionally substituted oxyalkyleneoxy chain; R.sup.7 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or alkoxy group; R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 may be taken together to represent an alkylene chain optionally interrupted by an oxygen or nitrogen atom; X represents an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom or an NOR group; X.sup.1 represents an oxygen or sulphur atom; Y represents an oxygen or sulphur atom or a sulphonyl or sulphinyl group; and R represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or acyl group, with the provisos that when X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom and:
(i) when R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, then (R.sup.2)m must be other than a halogen atom or no more than one alkyl or alkoxy group.
(ii) when R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group, then R.sup.2 must be other than alkyl;
(iii)when m is 1, then R.sup.2 must be other than an alkoxy group;
(iv) when R.sup.3 represents an alkenyl group, then R.sup.3 cannot be substituted with an alkoxy or acyl group;
(v) when R.sup.3 represents a haloalkyl group, then R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 must be other than a haloalkyl group; and
(vi) when Y represents an oxygen atom, then R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 must be other than a hydrogen atom and n must be 1 or 2.
The compounds of formula I can be prepared by conventional methods.
Thus the compounds having formula I (including those of formula Ia) may be prepared by a process which comprises reacting a compound of formula II ##STR7## with a compound of formula III ##STR8## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, Y, m and n are as hereinbefore defined and one of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom and the other represents the group COCl; or one represents a magnesium halide group MgHal, wherein Hal is a halogen, preferably bromine or iodine, atom, and the other represents COCl or an aldehyde or nitrile group, followed in the last two cases by oxidation or hydrolysis, respectively, and optionally followed by further derivatization.
The starting materials of formula II and III are known products, and may themselves be prepared according to established methods or routine adaptations thereof. Substituents R.sup.1 to R.sup.9 which are not compatible with the selected reaction conditions may be introduced after formation of the benzophenone. They may be generated by known methods such as subsequent derivatization or substitution of a suitable group or by cleaving off a suitable protecting group.
When one of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is hydrogen and the other is COCl, the process is a Friedel Crafts reaction and is effected in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst according to well-established procedures. Suitable catalysts include FeCl.sub.3, AlCl.sub.3, SnCl.sub.4, ZnCl.sub.2, TiCl.sub.4, SbCl.sub.5 and BF.sub.3, which may be in a molar equivalent amount (based on the acyl chloride). However, it is also possible to use lesser amounts of catalyst at elevated temperatures, suitably under reflux temperatures, preferred catalysts under these conditions being FeCl.sub.3, I.sub.2, ZnCl.sub.2, iron, copper, strong sulphonic acids such as F.sub.3 CSO.sub.3 H, and acidic ion exchange resins such as Amberlyst.RTM. 15 and Nafion.RTM.. The preferred catalyst is FeCl.sub.3 in a 0.001 to 0.2 molar ratio at a temperature of about 50 to 180.degree. C. The reaction can be carried out in a solvent inert under the reaction conditions, for example ethylene or methylene chloride, benzene, octane, decane or solvent mixtures, or in the absence of solvent, conveniently by employing one of the reactants in excess, e. g. in the range of 1:5 to 5:1. If AlCl.sub.3 is being used, the molar ratio is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 and the suitable solvents are e.g. methylenechloride or ethylenechloride at a temperature usually between -10 and -70.degree. C. If in the starting material R3 is methyl and R.sub.6 or one R.sub.6 represents a 5-alkoxy group (formula III) ether cleavage is possible to give the 6-hydroxy compound which then can be derivatized according to usual methods. If the compound of formula II represents 2,6-dichlorobenzoylchloride and the compound of formula III is 1,2,3-trialkoxy-5-alkylbenzene, the Friedel-Crafts reaction with AlCl.sub.3 can be used to prepare different products dependent on the reaction conditions. In case of a molar amount of 0.5 to 2 of aluminiumchloride, a temperature of about 0 to 25.degree. C. and a solvent such as methylene or ethylene, the ether cleavage takes place in the 6-position (ortho position) of the compound of formula I within about 1 to 20 hours; at a higher temperature (about 40.degree. C.) with - if necessary - longer reaction times (between about 2 and 24 hours) ether cleavage can be performed in the 5-(meta)-position too.
The processes described below can analogously be applied to other starting compounds, if desired.
Starting from compounds of formula ##STR9## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 represent preferably Cl, CH.sub.3, R is H or O-alkyl and alkyl is preferably methyl, ether cleavage between about 50 and 100.degree. C. with HBr/acetic acid leads to compounds of formula ##STR10## wherein R' is H or OH.
Starting from a compound of formula ##STR11## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as before, the cleavage of the O-alkyl group can be carried out with AlCl.sub.3 (0.5-2 mol) in an inert solvent such as methylenechloride at about 20-50.degree. C. to give the corresponding OH compound.
The alkylation of compounds of formula VIII, IX or the ether cleavage product received from X can be carried out according to usual methods.
Compounds of formula IX wherein R' is H can be reacted with an alkylhalogenide (wherein the alkyl moiety may be substituted) in a lower alcohol in the presence of a basic compound such as potassium carbonate at elevated temperatures (e.g. 60-150.degree. C.)
In case of hydroxy groups in other positions (as in VIII, R'=OH or in the reaction product received from X) a salt with a metal has to be produced by reacting the hydroxy compound with e.g. potassium hydroxide. The salt is then reacted with an optionally substituted alkyl halogenide in a polar solvent (e.g. dimethylformamide) in the absence of water.
Dialkylation of compounds of formula IX wherein R' is OH with the same optionally substituted alkyl groups can be carried out starting from the corresponding di-alkali, preferably di-sodium salt, which can be obtained from the dihydroxy compound and sodium hydride in an inert solvent (e.g. tetrahydrofurane), the salt is then reacted in an inert polar solvent (e.g. dimethylformamide) with an excess of the optionally substituted alkylhalogenide at a temperature between about 80 and 120.degree. C.
Dialkylation with a dihalogen compound of formula Hal-(CH.sub.2).sub.n -Hal (Hal=Cl, Br or I; n=1 to 4) leads to cyclisation (compound XI; n as before): ##STR12## The reaction of the dihydroxy compound IX (R'=OH) with the dihalogen compound is carried out in the presence of an excess of potassium carbonate and of a small amount of copperoxide as catalyst at temperatures between about 10 and 50.degree. C., preferrably at room temperature.
To prepare acylated compounds a corresponding hydroxy compound, for example of formula XII ##STR13## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are Cl or CH.sub.3, is reacted in form of its (e.g. potassium) salt in an inert polar solvent, such as dimethylformamide, with an optionally substituted acid chloride at a temperature between about 10 to 50.degree. C.
Acylation of compounds of formula IX (with R'=H)can be carried out by heating that compound with an acid anhydride in the presence or without an inert solvent at temperatures between about 80 and 120.degree. C.
For the preparation of compounds of formula XIII, ##STR14## wherein R represents a t-butoxy group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as before but preferably represent Cl, the corresponding hydroxy compound (XIII; R=OH) is dissolved in an inert solvent, the solution cooled to about -70.degree. C. and after addition of a catalytical amount of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid a stream of 2-methylpropene is bubbled into the mixture for 2 to 6 hours. After neutralizing the acid, the resulting t-butoxy compound can be isolated.
A 5-nitro compound of formula XIV ##STR15## (R=NO.sub.2) can be prepared by nitration of the corresponding compound unsubstituted in the 5-position (R=H) with concentrated (65%) nitric acid at about 50 to 100.degree. C.
Nitration of compounds of formula XV ##STR16## in the 2-position can be carried out with concentrated (65%) nitric acid at about 30 to 60.degree. C.
The resulting or otherwise prepared nitro compounds can be reduced to the corresponding amino compounds, e. g. of formula XVI ##STR17## with excess powdered iron in a mixture of water/acetic acid 50:1 at elevated temperature (60 to 100.degree. C.).
Reaction of the amino compounds with excess formic acid at reflux temperature leads to formulation of the amino group.
Compounds of formula XIV (R=H) can be brominated in 5-position when the equimolar amount of bromine (e. g. in trichloromethane) is added dropwise to the solution of the compound in trichloromethane at 10 to 30.degree. C.
Benzophenothiones (I; X=S) can be prepared from the corresponding benzophenones by heating them with phosphorus pentasulfide in an inert solvent to reflux temperature for 2 to 10 hours.
When the magnesium halide is reacted with a nitrile, i.e. the other group Z.sup.1 or Z.sup.2 (formulae II, III) represents CN, the immediate reaction product is an imine of formula IV: ##STR18## This intermediate is readily converted to the desired benzophenone derivatives of formula I wherein X is an oxygen atom by acid hydrolysis, suitably using mineral acids such as hydrochloric or sulphuric.
When magnesium halide is reacted with an aldehyde, i.e. the other group Z.sup.1 or Z.sup.2 represents CHO, the immediate reaction product is a tertiary alcohol of formula V: ##STR19## This formula V intermediate is readily converted to the desired benzophenone derivatives of formula I wherein X is an oxygen atom by oxidation, suitably using Mn(IV), Mn(VII), Ce(IV) or Cr(VI) derivatives, nitric acid or oxygen in the presence of a catalyst.
Certain oxime derivatives of formula I may be prepared by reacting the appropriately substituted nitrile oxide of formula VI with a suitable o-dimethoxybenzene of formula VII in the presence of aluminum chloride and an inert solvent to form an intermediate and hydrolyzing the intermediate in aqueous acid to give the desired product compounds of Ib. The reaction is shown in flow diagram I.
FLOW DIAGRAM I ##STR20##
For compounds of formula Ib the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.6 and n are as defined hereinabove for formula I and Ia and m is 0 or an integer of 1, 2 or 3. The oximes of formula Ib may be O-alkylated or O-acylated using conventional alkylation and acylation techniques.
The substituents of the benzophenones produced according to the processes of the invention may be derivatized further according to established methods or routine adaptations thereof, such as hydrogenation, acylation, cleavage of ether bonds, alkylation or nitration.
The formula Ia compounds of the invention are excellent fungicides, especially for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture or related fields. They are useful for the control of powdery mildew diseases, particularly of Erysiphe graminis, Podosphaera leucotricha or Uncinula necator. Due to excellent plant tolerance, the compounds may be used in all cultivation of plants where infection by the controllable fungi is not desired, e.g. small grain cereals, apples, vine. The absence of target crop phytotoxicity at fungus control rates is a feature of the present invention.
The present invention also provides a fungicidal composition which comprises a compound of formula I or Ia as defined hereinabove and an agriculturally acceptable carrier. Said composition may contain one or more compounds of the present invention. Preferably, at least one carrier in a composition according to the invention is a surface-active agent. For example, the composition may contain at least two carriers, at least one of which is a surface-active agent.
The compounds according to formula I or Ia may be applied as technical material, however, said compounds are preferably applied as a composition comprising, besides the formula I or Ia compounds, adjuvants and auxiliaries which are known for formulation purposes and are manufactured into e.g. emulsion concentrates, solutions which may be sprayed directly or diluted, diluted emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates, microencapsulates by well-established procedures. The form of application such as spraying, atomizing, dispersing, pouring may be chosen like the compositions according to the desired objectives and the given circumstances.
It is contemplated, compounds of formula I or Ia may be formulated or applied, either alone or in combination, with one or more pesticides or plant growth regulants. Pesticides used in combination may be herbicides, insecticides or other fungicides or a combination thereof. When the formula I or Ia compounds are applied in combination with another pesticide or pesticides, they may be applied simultaneously or sequentially. Among the available fungicides which may be used in combination with formula I compounds are 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol, benalaxyl, benomyl, captafol, captan, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, copper, cymoxanil, dichlofluanid, dichlone, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, diniconzole, dinocap, dithianon, fenpiclonil, fenpropiomorph, hymaxazol, imazalil, iprodione, isoprothiolane, kasugamycin, mancozeb, mepronil, mercuric oxide, oxadixyl, oxolinic acid, penconazole, propineb, pyrifenox, thiabendazole, thiram, tolclofos-methyl, triadimefon, triflumizole, triforine validamycin A, vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, and the like.
The fungicidal compositions of the invention may be prepared by well-established procedures, e.g. intensive mixing and/or grinding of the active ingredients with other substances, such as fillers, solvents, solid carriers, and optionally surface-active compounds (tensides).
Solvents may be aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions C.sub.8 to C.sub.12, e.g. xylenes or xylene mixtures, substituted naphthalenes, phthalic acid esters, such as dibutyl or dioctyl phthalate, aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. cyclohexane or paraffins, alcohols and glycols as well as their ethers and esters, e.g. ethanol, ethyleneglycol mono- and dimethyl ether, ketones such as cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulphoxide, alkyl formamides, epoxidized vegetable oils, e.g. epoxidized coconut or soybean oil, water.
Solid carriers, which may be used for dusts or dispersible powders, may be mineral fillers, such as calcite, talc, kaolin, montmorillonite, attapulgite. The physical properties may be improved by addition of highly dispersed silica gel or highly dispersed polymers.
Carriers for granulates may be porous material, e.g. pumice, broken brick, sepiolite, bentonite, non-sorptive carriers may be calcite or sand. Additionally, a multitude of pre-granulated inorganic or organic materials may be used, such as dolomite or crushed plant residues.
Suitable surface-active substances may be non-ionogenic, anionic or cationic tensides with good dispersing, emulgating and wetting properties depending on the nature of the benzophenone compound to be formulated. Tensides may also mean mixtures of tensides.
Suitable tensides may be so-called water-soluble soaps as well as water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds. Soaps usually are alkali, earth alkali or optionally substituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C.sub.10 -C.sub.20), e.g. the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid or of mixtures of natural fatty acids which are prepared, for example, from coconut or tallow oil. Furthermore, methyltaurine salts of fatty acids may be used. However, so-called synthetic tensides are preferably used, especially fatty sulphonates, fatty sulphates, sulphonated benzimidazole derivatives or alkyl aryl sulphonates. The fatty sulphates or fatty sulphonates are normally used as alkali, earth alkali or optionally substituted ammonium salts and have an alkyl moiety of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, whereby alkyl also means the alkyl moiety of acyl residues, such as the sodium or calcium salt of lignin sulphonic acid, of sulphuric acid dodecylate or of a mixture of fatty alcohols prepared from natural fatty acids. This also includes the salts of sulphuric acid esters, sulphonic acids and adducts of fatty alcohols and ethylene oxide. The sulphonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 2 sulphonic acid residues and a fatty acid residue with 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Alkyl aryl sulphonates are, for example, the sodium, calcium or triethyl ammonium salts of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, dibutyl naphthalene sulphonic acid or of a condensate of naphthalene sulphonic acid and formaldehyde. Furthermore, phosphates, such as the salts of the phosphoric acid ester of a p-nonylphenol-(4-14)-ethylene oxide adduct or phospholipids, may be used.
Non-ionic tensides are preferably polyglycolether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, saturated or non-saturated fatty acids and alkylphenols, which have 3 to 10 glycol ether groups and 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the (aliphatic) hydrocarbon residue and 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue of the alkyl phenols. Other suitable non-ionic tensides are the water-soluble, 20 to 250 ethylene glycol ether groups containing polyadducts of ethylene oxide and polypropylene glycol, ethylene diamino polypropylene glycol and alkyl polypropylene glycol with 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, the substances normally contain 1 to 5 ethylene glycol units per propylene glycol unit. Examples of non-ionic tensides are nonylphenol polyethoxy ethanols, castor oil polyglycol ether, polyadducts of ethylene oxide and polypropylene, tributyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, polyethylene glycol, octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol. Furthermore, fatty acid esters of polyoxy ethylene sorbitan, such as polyoxy ethylene sorbitan trioleate may be used.
Cationic tensides preferably are quaternary ammonium salts, which have at least one alkyl residue with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and, furthermore, low, optionally-halogenated alkyl, benzyl or hydroxyalkyl residues. The salts are preferably halides, methyl sulphates or alkyl sulphates, e.g. stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or benzyl bis(2-chloroethyl) ethyl ammonium bromide.
The tensides generally used for compositions of the invention are disclosed in publications such as: "McCutheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood, N.J., USA 1981; H. Stache, "Tensid-Taschenbuch", 2nd ed., C. Hanser, Munich, Vienna, 1981; M. and J. Ash, "Encyclopedia of Surfactants" , vol. I-III, Chemical Publishing Co., New York, N.Y., USA 1980-1981.
The pesticidal compositions of the invention may comprise 0.1% to 95%, preferably 0.1% to 80% of at least one compound of formula I or Ia, 1% to 99.9% of a solid or liquid adjuvant and 0% to 25%, preferably 0.1% to 25%, of a tenside.
Exemplary of the compositions of the invention are:
Emulsion Concentrates:
Active ingredient: 1% to 20%, preferably 5% to 10% Surface-active substance: 5% to 30%, preferably 10% to 20% Liquid carrier: 50% to 94%, preferably 70% to 85%
Suspension-Concentrates:
Active ingredient: 5% to 75%, preferably 10% to 50% Water: 94% to 24%, preferably 88% to 30% Surface-active substance: 1% to 40%, preferably 2% to 30%
Wettable Powder:
Active ingredient: 0.5% to 90%,.preferably 1% to 80% Surface-active substance: 0.5% to 20%, preferably 1% to 15% Solid carrier: 5% to 95%, preferably 15% to 90%
Dusts:
Active ingredient: 0.1% to 10%, preferably 0.1% to 1% Solid carrier: 99.9% to 90%, preferably 99.9% to 99%
Granulates:
Active ingredient: 0.5% to 30%, preferably 3% to 15% Solid carrier: 99.5% to 70%, preferably 97% to 85%
As commodity the inventive fungicidal compositions may preferably be in a concentrated form whereas the end-user generally employs diluted compositions. Said compositions may be diluted to a concentration of 0.001% of active ingredient (a.i.). The doses usually are in the range from 0.01 to 10 kg a.i./ha.
Said compositions may also comprise other auxiliaries such as stabilizers, defoamer, viscosity controlling agents, thickeners, adhesives, fertilisers or other active ingredients to obtain special effects.

For a more clear understanding of the invention, the following specific examples are set forth below. These examples are merely illustrations and are not to be understood as limiting the scope and underlying principles of the invention in any way. Indeed, various modifications of the invention in addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examples and foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The terms HNMR, CIMS and IR as used in the examples hereinbelow designate proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrum and infrared, respectively.
EXAMPLE 1
2, 6-Dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy-2 -methylbenzophenone (Compound 1)
(R.sup.1 =Cl, R.sup.2 =6-Cl, R.sup.3 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.5 =OCH.sub.3, X=O, Y=O, m=1, n=0)
A mixture of 4-methyl-veratrol (76.1 g; 500 mmol), 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (120.4 g; 575 mmol) and iron(III)chloride (0.5 g) is heated with stirring. The reaction starts at 90.degree. C. under formation of hydrogen chloride, the main reaction is complete within 10 min at 95.degree. C. Subsequently, the reaction mixture is stirred for another 30 min at 100.degree. C. and then cooled to 65.degree. C. Upon addition of methanol (350 ml) Compound 1 begins to crystallize. A water/methanol mixture (1:1 v/v; 300 ml) is then slowly added at 40.degree. C. and the mixture is cooled to room temperature with stirring for 30 min. The solid material is collected by vacuum filtration, three times washed with methanol/water (3:1 v/v; 100 ml each) and dried yielding colorless crystals, 148.6 g, (91.4% y) mp 101.5.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 2
Derivatization of Benzophenones
A) 2.6-Dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-nitro-benzophenone (Compound 2)
(R.sup.1 =Cl, R.sup.2 =6-Cl, R.sup.3 =NO.sub.2, R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.5 =OCH.sub.3, X=O, Y=O, m=1, n=0)
A portion of 2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxybenzophenone (6.22 g, 20 mmol), prepared analogously to Example 1, is added within 15 min into nitric acid (65%; 40 ml) which is heated to 40.degree. C. The clear solution is stirred for 10 min at 40.degree. C., then 1 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture is then poured into water whereupon a slowly solidifying oil forms. This material is dissolved in a small amount of N,N-dimethyl formamide under warming, then methanol is added and the mixture is chilled and filtered giving Compound 2 as yellow crystals, 5.57 g, (78% y) with mp 143.degree. C.
B) 2'-Amino-2,6-dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxybenzophenone (Compound 3)
(R.sup.1 =Cl, R.sup.2 =6-Cl. R.sup.3 =NH.sub.2, R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.5 =OCH.sub.3, X=O, Y=O, m=1, n=0)
A portion of 2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-2'-nitrobenzophenone (Compound 2; 3.56 g, 10 mmol) is added to a mixture of water (50 ml), glacial acetic acid (1 ml) and powdered iron (3.30 g, 60 mmol) within 15 min at 70.degree. C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 95.degree. C. for another 3 h. After cooling, toluene (50 ml) is added and the solid material removed by vacuum filtration. The filter cake is washed with toluene. The filtrate and washings are combined and washed with water, dried and then applied onto a flash chromatography column (silica gel, 50 g). The column is consecutively eluted with toluene, and toluene containing 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% of acetone (250 ml each). The fraction eluted by 10% acetone is concentrated in vacuo to a final volume of 10 ml whereby Compound 3 crystallizes yielding yellow crystals, 1.61 g, (49% y) mp 181.degree. C.
C) 2,6-Dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-formylamino-benzophenone (Compound 4)
(R.sup.1 =Cl, R.sup.2 =6-Cl, R.sup.3 =NHCHO, R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.5 =OCH.sub.3, X=O, Y=O, m=1, n=0)
A mixture of 2'-amino-2,6-dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxybenzophenone (Compound 3; 0.82 g, 2.5 mmol) and formic acid (30 ml) is heated at reflux temperature for 24 h, and evaporated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in a small amount of toluene, Compound 4 crystallizes upon addition of cyclohexane giving colorless crystals, 0.64 g, (72% y) with mp 152.degree. C.
D) 2,6-Dichloro-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone (Compound 5)
(R.sup.1 =Cl, R.sup.2 =6-Cl, R.sub.3 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.5 =OH, X=O, Y=O, m=1, n=0)
A mixture of 2,6-dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone (Compound 1; 2.5 g, 7.7 mmol), hydrogen bromide/acetic acid (33%, 10 ml) and glacial acetic acid (10 ml) is stirred for 1.5 h at 75.degree. C., poured into water (100 ml) and twice extracted with dichloromethane (50 ml each). The extracts are combined, dried, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil is applied onto the top of a flash chromatography column (silica gel, 30 g). Elution is carried out with toluene and toluene/acetone, 9:1 (500 ml each). The fractions containing the material with an R.sub.f =0.54 (silica gel; toluene/acetone, 9:1) are combined and the solvent is evaporated in vacuo until a final volume of 20 ml is reached. The solution is then extracted three times with aqueous sodium hydroxide (2N; 30 ml each). The aqueous layer is acidified with hydrochloric acid (6M) and the precipitate is collected by vacuum filtration and dried to give Compound 5 as colorless crystals, 1.1 g, (45.9% y) mp 152.degree. C.
E) 2.6-Dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-5 h-propoxy-benzophenone (Compound 6)
(R.sup.1 =Cl, R.sup.2 =6-Cl, R.sup.3 =CH.sub.3 R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.5 =O-n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X=O, Y=O, m=1, n=0)
A mixture of 2,6-Dichloro-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone (Compound 5g, 1.0 g 3.2 mmol), n-propyl bromide (0.5 g, 4 mmol), potassium carbonate (2.8 g, 20 mmol) and ethanol (10 ml) is stirred for 6 h at 80.degree. C., filtered and the filtrate is evaporated in vacuo. The residue is applied onto a flash chromatography column (silica gel, 30 g). Elution with toluene (750 ml) yields Compound 6 as a brown oil, 800 mg, (70.7% y) which slowly crystallizes (mp 73-75.degree. C.)
F) 2,6-Dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenthione (Compound 7)
(R.sup.1 =Cl, R.sup.2 =6-Cl, R.sup.3 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.4 =O--CH.sub.3, R.sup.5 =O--CH.sub.3, X=S, Y=O, m=1, n=0)
A mixture of 2,6-dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone (Compound 1; 3.25 g, 10.0 mmol), phosphorus pentasulphide (2.22 g, 10.0 mmol) and toluene (50 ml) is stirred at 110.degree. C. for 5 h, treated with p-dioxane, stirred at 100.degree. C. for a further 24 h. The supernatant is decanted from black, tarry reaction products, silica gel (15 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated in vacuo. A flash chromatography column is packed with silica gel (100 g) and the charged silica gel is layered on top of it. The column is subsequently eluted with petrol ether/acetone (500 ml, 98:2, v/v) and petrol ether/acetone (750 ml, 95:5, v/v) yielding Compound 7 as a dark green oil 40 mg, (1.2% y), which slowly solidifies. When the oil is triturated with cyclohexane three times, it gives a solid, mp 142.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 3
Using essentially the same procedures described hereinabove for Examples 1 and 2 and employing standard derivatization techniques where appropriate, the following compounds are prepared and shown in Table I.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________1 #STR21##CompNo. R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6 Y Mp .degree. C.__________________________________________________________________________8 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 H O 879 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 OCH.sub.3 H O 10610 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 Cl H O 16811 Cl 6-Cl 3-NO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil12 Br H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 69-7113 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC(O)C.sub.2 H.sub.5 H O 142-14514 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H O 8915 I H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 66-6816 Cl 6-CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 5617 Cl 6-CH.sub.3 H F CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 9518 (CH.dbd.CH).sub.2 6-Cl CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O19 I 3-I 5-I CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil20 Br 5-Br H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil21 Cl 4-NO.sub.2 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 126-12822 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 SCH.sub.3 H S 10523 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2-OCH.sub.3 O 9224 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 O H O 14225 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 I H S26 Br 5-OCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil27 Cl 5-Br H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 94-9628 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC(O)CH-- H O 132-135 (CH.sub.3).sub.229 Cl 5-Cl 6-OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil30 Cl 6-Cl H CF.sub.3 CH.sub.3 Cl H O31 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCHF.sub.2 H O 126-12832 CF.sub.3 5-CF.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 98-10133 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H 3-OCH.sub.3 O 100-12534 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC(O)C-- H O 167 (CH.sub.3).sub.335 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 H OH H O 201-20336 Cl 6-Cl H SCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 18537 Cl 6-Cl H S(O.sub.2)CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 16338 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 3-CH.sub.3 O 7839 Cl 6-Cl H S(O)CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 17840 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 H O oil41 Cl 3-Cl 5-Cl CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 99-10142 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 O H O oil43 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CHF.sub.2 OCHF.sub.2 H O 65-6844 CF.sub.3 6-CF.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 105-10745 Cl 6-Cl H CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O46 I 6-F H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil47 Cl 3-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 H O 9748 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 H O 7749 Cl 6-Cl H CH.dbd.CH--CN CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O50 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 3-Br O 8651 Cl 4-Cl 5-Cl CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 16052 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 -t H O 12453 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC.sub.4 H.sub.9 -n H O 5154 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC.sub.4 H.sub.9 -i H O oil55 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H S56 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 H O 119-12157 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC.sub.5 H.sub.11 -n H O 46-4858 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC.sub.3 H.sub.7 -i H O oil59 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2-OH O 16160 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 C(O)-- H O 105-108 OC.sub.2 H.sub.561 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H 2-OCH.sub.3 O 13562 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2-OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 O 7263 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 Cl H S64 Cl 4-Cl 6-Cl CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 108-10965 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 Br H S66 F 6-F H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 75-7767 Cl H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil68 Cl 4-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil69 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H O 135-13870 Cl 6-Cl H CF.sub.3 CH.sub.3 Br H O71 Cl 5-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 100-10272 Cl 6-Cl H C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil73 Cl 3-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil74 Cl 6-Cl H CN CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 12075 F 6-CF.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil76 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CN H O 12777 Cl 6-F H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 72-7378 Cl 6-Cl H I CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 10179 Cl 6-Cl H C.sub.3 H.sub.7 -n CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 7280 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC(O)CH.sub.3 H O 156-15981 Cl 6-Cl H Br CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 12482 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 C.tbd.CH H O 8783 Cl 6-Cl H H CH.sub.3 H 3-OCH.sub.3 O 12784 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 H H 3,6-di- O 122 CH.sub.385 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H 3,6-di- O 111 CH.sub.386 Cl 6-Cl H CF.sub.3 C(O)- H H O 186 2,6- Cl.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.387 CH.sub.3 6-CH.sub.3 H H CH.sub.3 H 3-OCH.sub.3 O 8488 Cl 6-Cl H H CH.sub.3 H 3-Br O 12989 Cl 6-Cl H H CH.sub.3 Br 3-OCH.sub.3 O 14090 Cl 6-Cl H OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 12491 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC(O)H H O 15692 OCH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 11393 Cl 6-Cl H COOH CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 17494 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 S(O).sub.2 CH.sub.3 H SO.sub.2 23395 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 SOCH.sub.3 H SO 22796 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O.sub.n --C.sub.7 H.sub.15 H O oil97 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O.sub.n --C.sub.8 H.sub.17 H O oil98 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O.sub.n --C.sub.10 H.sub.21 H O oil99 CH.sub.3 4-CH.sub.3 6-CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 74100 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 -c- H O oil C.sub.3 H.sub.5101 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 -c- H O 108 C.sub.6 H.sub.11102 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- H O oil CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2103 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.dbd.C-- H O oil (CH.sub.3).sub.2104 CH.sub.3 6-CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 90-92105 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 Oc-C.sub.5 H.sub.9 H O oil106 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 Oc-C.sub.6 H.sub.11 H O oil107 Cl 6-Cl H H CH.sub.3 �3!-(CH.dbd.CH--).sub.2 -�2! H O 155- 157108 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 ONa H O glass109 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3 H O oil110 Br 6-Br H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 102111 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OK H O 98112 Cl 6-Cl H OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 Br 2-OCH.sub.3 O 183113 CN H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 76114 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 O-- 2-OCH.sub.3 98115 Cl 6-Cl H NH--CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H 163116 Cl 6-Cl H OH CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 80117 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 -- H O oil Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3118 Cl H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 62-64119 Cl 3-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2-OCH.sub.3 O oil120 Cl 4-Cl 6-Cl CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 126121 F 6-F H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H 84122 Cl 5-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil123 Cl 6-Cl H OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 O 115124 I H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2-OCH.sub.3 O oil125 Br H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 34126 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O.sub.n --C.sub.6 H.sub.13 H O oil127 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O.sub.n --C.sub.3 H.sub.7 O 46128 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O.sub.n --C.sub.7 H.sub.15 0 oil129 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O.sub.n -- O oil C.sub.10 H.sub.21130 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2-OC(O)-- O 164 CH.sub.3131 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O.sub.n -- O oil C.sub.5 H.sub.11132 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- O 101 CH-- (CH.sub.3).sub.2133 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2OCH.sub.2 -- O 73 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2134 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2OCH.sub.2 C.tbd.CH O 123135 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2Oc-C.sub.5 H.sub.9 O 89136 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6OCH.sub.2 -- O 80 C.sub.6 H.sub.5137 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O.sub.2 -- O oil C.sub.12 H.sub.25138 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2OCH.sub.2 -- O 88 c-C.sub.6 H.sub.11139 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O.sub.n -- O oil C.sub.6 H.sub.13140 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O.sub.n --C.sub.12 H.sub.25 H O oil141 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 C(O)N-- H O 97 (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2142 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 C(O)N-- H O 136 H.sub.2143 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- O 84 OCH.sub.3144 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH-- H O oil (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2145 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- H O 87 OH146 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 -- H O 86 OH147 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 -p- H O oil C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CH.sub.3148 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 -p- H O 119 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 -- C(CH.sub.3).sub.3149 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2OCH.sub.2 C(O)- O oil morpholide150 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 OC H O oil H.sub.3151 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 -- H O 163 C(O)- morpholide152 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 -p- H O oil C.sub.6 H4--OCH.sub.3153 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 OC.sub.6 H.sub.5 H O oil154 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 - O 225 morpholinyl .times. HCl155 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- O 103 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 .times. HCl156 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- O 144 N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 .times. HCl157 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 2-OCH.sub.3 O 68158 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 Cl O 87159 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 2O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 - O 70 piperidyl .times. HCl160 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15 OCH.sub.3 H O 51161 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 OCH.sub.3 H O 80162 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 n-C.sub.4 H.sub.9 OCH.sub.3 H O 89163 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 H O 96164 CH.sub.3 3-CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 O 82165 CH.sub.3 5-CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 O oil166 Cl 6-Cl H Cl CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O 114167 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 -- H O oil CO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.5168 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 -- H O 115-117 CF.sub.3 -p169 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 SiC.sub.2 H.sub.5 (CH.sub.3).sub.2 H O 85170 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC(CH.sub.3).sub.3 H O 102171 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 H O oil CH.sub.2 OCH172 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2)4Br H O oil173 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 N-- O oil (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2174 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-OCH-- O 108 (CH.sub.3).sub.2175 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- O oil OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3176 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCOC.sub.6 H.sub.3 Cl.sub.2 -2,6 6-OCH.sub.3 O 186-189177 Cl 6-Cl H H CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 O 97178 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 O 106179 Cl 6-Cl H OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 O 121-123180 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 NHCOCH.sub.3 H O 155181 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OH 6-OH O 182182 CF.sub.3 H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 O oil183 CF.sub.3 H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O oil184 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OC.sub.4 H.sub.9 -n 6-OC.sub.4 H.sub.9 -n O oil185 Cl 6-Cl H CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H O 110186 Cl 6-Cl H CH.sub.3 H NO.sub.2 H O 170195 O--CF.sup.2 --O H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H O__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 4
2'-n-Butoxy-2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methylbenzophenone (Compound 187)
(R.sup.1 =Cl, R.sup.2 =6-Cl, R.sup.3 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.5 =OCH.sub.3, R.sup.6 =2-O--(CH.sub.2) .sub.3 --CH.sub.3, X=O, Y=O, m=1, n=1)
a) 2.6-Dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-2'-hydroxy-6'-methylbenzophenone (Compound 59)
Aluminum chloride (14.67 g, 0.1 mol), 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (20.95 g, 0.1 mol) and a solution of 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene (18.22 g, 0.1 mol) in dichloromethane (50 ml), are slowly and consecutively added to dichloromethane stirred at 0.degree. C., stirred for 1 h at ice bath temperatures and for 16 h at room temperature, and poured into ice. The organic layer is separated, washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and water, dried, and, after addition of silica gel (100 g), concentrated in vacuo. A flash chromatography column is packed with silica gel (400 g) and the charged silica gel is layered on top of that. Elution with petrol ether/ethyl acetate (90/10, 1 l; 80/20, 1 l; 50/50, 1 l ) yields 2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-2'-hydroxy-6'-methylbenzophenone, 10.35 g, (30% y), mp. 161.degree. C.
b) 2,6-Dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-2'-hydroxy-6'-methylbenzophenone, potassium salt (Compound 188)
(R.sup.1 =Cl, R.sup.2 =6-Cl, R.sup.3 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3, R.sup.5 =OCH.sub.3, R.sup.6 =2-OK, X=O, Y=O, m=1, n=1)
A solution of 2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-2'-hydroxy-6'-methyl-benzophenone (10.24 g, 30 mmol) is dissolved in ethanolic potassium hydroxide (1.98 g, 30 mmol; 85% in ethanol (100 ml)) and stirred at 70.degree. C. for 15 min The solvent is then evaporated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in hot ethanol (50 ml), toluene is added and the solvent is evaporated in vacuo giving Compound 188, 11.7 g.
c) 2'-n-Butoxy-2.6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-6'-methyl-benzophenone (Compound 187)
A mixture of 2,6-dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxy-2'-hydroxy-6'-methyl-benzophenone, potassium salt (1.13 g; 3 mmol), 1-bromobutane (0.69 g, 5 mmol) and dimethyl formamide (5 ml) are stirred at 100.degree. C. for 8 h, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved by shaking with a toluene/water mixture, after separation, the organic layer is collected washed with water and dried. After addition of silica gel (5 g), the solvent is evaporated. A flash chromatography column is packed with silica gel (25 g) and the charged silica gel is layered on top of that. Elution with petrol ether/ethyl acetate (95/5, 500 ml) gives the title compound, 0.82 g, (69% y) as colourless crystals, mp. 70.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 5
Using essentially the same procedures described in Examples 1, 2 and 4 hereinabove and employing, if required, standard derivativatization methods, the following compounds shown in Table II are prepared
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________1 #STR22##Comp.No. R.sup.1 R.sup.2 m R.sup.3 Y-R.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6 n mp .degree.C.__________________________________________________________________________189 CH.sub.3 3,5,6-CH.sub.3 3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H 0 103190 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 4 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 H 0 142-144.5191 CH.sub.3 3,5,6-CH.sub.3 3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 1 113192 CH.sub.3 3,5,6-CH.sub.3 3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 H 0 73193 CH.sub.3 3,5,6-CH.sub.3 3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 H 0 85194 CH.sub.3 3,5,6-CH.sub.3 3 CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 6-OH 1 137__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 6
2,6-Dichloro-3',4'-dimethoxybenzophenone oxime (Compound 195)
R.sup.1 =Cl; R.sup.2 =6-Cl; R.sup.3 =H; Y=O; R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3 ; R.sup.5 =H; R.sup.6 =4-OCH.sub.3 ; R=H
A stirred dispersion of anhydrous aluminum chloride (2.93 g, 22 mmol) in methylene chloride at ice-bath temperatures is treated sequentially with a solution of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile oxide (3.76 g, 20 mmol) in methylene chloride and, dropwise, with a solution of veratrole (3.32 g, 24 mmol) in methylene chloride, stirred for 0.5 hour, allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 4-5 hours and poured into a mixture of ice and HCl. The resultant phase mixture is separated. The organic phase is washed with 2M HCl, treated with silica gel and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue is placed on top of a column of silica gel and eluted with mixtures of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (5%, 10% and 20% pet ether, respectively) to give the title product as a white solid, 1.25 g (19% y) mp 153.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 7
2,6-Dichloro-4', 5'-dimethoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone n-propyloxime (Compound 196)
R.sup.1 =Cl; R.sup.2 =6-Cl; R.sup.3 =CH.sub.3 ; Y=O; R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3 ; R.sup.5 =OCH.sub.3 ; R.sup.6 =H; R=CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3
A stirred solution of 2,6-dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone oxime (1.5 g, 4.4 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran is treated with a 60% dispersion of sodium hydride in mineral oil (0.2 g, 4.8 mmol NaH). After the cessation of hydrogen gas evolution, the reaction mixture is treated with n-propyliodide (0.82 g, 5.3 mmol), allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours, and diluted with water. The resultant phase mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue is chromatographed using silica gel and petroleum ether/ethyl acetate, 8/2, to give the title product as a yellow oil, 0.4 g (23.8% y) identified by NMR (67:23, E/Z isomer ratio).
EXAMPLE 8
2.6-Dichloro4',5'-dimethoxy-2'-methylbenzophenone-O-acetyloxime (Compound 197)
R.sup.1 =Cl; R.sup.2 =6-Cl; R.sup.3 =CH.sub.3 ; Y=O; R.sup.4 =CH.sub.3 ; R.sup.5 =OCH.sub.3 ; R.sup.6 =H; R=COCH.sub.3
A stirred solution of 2,6-dichloro-4',5'-dimethoxy 2'-methylbenzophenone oxime (2.3 g, 6.8 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran is treated with a 60% dispersion of sodium hydride in mineral oil (0.3 g, 7.5 mmol NaH). After the cessation of hydrogen gas evolution, the reaction mixture is treated with acetylchloride (0.55 g, 7.5 mmol) at room temperature, allowed to exotherm to 30.degree. C., stirred at ambient temperatures for 2 hours, concentrated in vacuo, treated with water, and filtered. The filtercake is washed with water, dried and recrystallized from methanol to give the title product as white crystals, 1.0 g (38.5% y), mp 158-149.degree. C., identified by NMR (100% E isomer).
EXAMPLE 9
Using essentially the same procedures described for Examples 6-8 hereinabove the following compounds are obtained and shown in Table III.
TABLE III______________________________________2 #STR23##CompoundNo. R R3 R6 mp .degree.C.______________________________________198 H F H oil199 H H H 153200 H CH.sub.3 H 60-70201 H CH.sub.3 6-OCH.sub.3 219-220202 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H 112-115203 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.3 H 117204 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H oil______________________________________
EXAMPLE 10
2.6-Dichloro-2',3',4'-trimethoxy-6'-methyl-benzopheno
A mixture of 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene (9.11 g; 50 mmol), octane (25 ml) and iron(III)chloride (50 mg) is stirred at 105.degree. C., and percolating nitrogene 2,6-dichlorobenzoylchloride (12.04 g; 57.5 mmol) is added dropwise within 15 minutes. The mixture is kept at 105.degree. C. and stirred for another 15 minutes. After cooling to 50.degree. C. ethylacetate (50 ml) is added, the mixture shaken twice with 2N hydrochloric acid, once with water and dried. The ethylacetate is evaporated (70.degree. C.) and the liquid cooled with stirring. At 50.degree. C. petrolether (50 ml) is added. The white crystalls formed are sucked off, washed with petrolether and dried. Yield 12.55 g (70.7%), mp. 92.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 11
2,6-Dichloro-2',3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-6'-methyl-benzophenone
A mixture of 2,6-dichloro-2',3',4'-trimethoxy-6'-methyl-benzophenone (1.78 g; 5 mmol) hydrobromic acid (7.5 ml; 30% in acetic acid) and acetic acid (7.5 ml) is stirred at 75.degree. C. for 2 hours. Water is added and the mixture extracted with methylenechloride. The extract is washed with water and shaken with 2N sodium hydroxide. The alcaline solution is acidified with hydrochloric acid, the separated compound dissolved in methylenechloride and the solution washed with water. After evaporation of the solvent purification is carried out by chromatography (flash column, filled with 36 g of silicagel; elution with 500 ml of petrolether/ethylacetate (4:1; v/v) and 250 ml of petrolether/ethylacetate (1:1; v/v)). The fraction containing the compound is concentrated, the compound crystallized. The yellow crystalls are washed with petrolether and sucked off; 0.64 g (39% y), mp. 182.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 12
2',3'-Di-n-butoxy-2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-6'-methyl-benzophenone
Sodiumhydride (0.4 g; 60 %; 10 mmol) is added with stirring to a solution of 2,6-dichloro-2',3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-6'-methyl-benzophenone (1.64 g; 5 mmol) in tetrahydrofurane. The solvent is evaporated and the residue dissolved in 30 ml of dimethylformamide. 1-iodo-n-butane (4.6 g; 25 mmol) is added, the mixture is stirred at 100.degree. C. for 8 hours and then the solvent is evaporated. The residue is shaken with toluene/2N hydrochloric acid, the organic layer separated, washed with water and the solvent evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography (flash column filled with 35 g of silicagel; elution with 500 ml of petrolether containing 2% of ethylacetate); yellow oil (0.7 g; 32% y).
EXAMPLE 13
7-(2,6-Dichlorobenzoyl)-10-methoxy-8-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,6-benzodioxocin
(R.sup.5 +R.sup.6 =--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --O--)
A mixture of 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl-2',3'-dihydroxy-4'methoxy-6'-methyl-benzophenone (3.27 g; 10 mmol), potassium carbonate (4 g), copper(II)oxide (50 mg), 1,4-dibromobutane (2.38 g; 11 mmol) and dimethylformamide (25 ml) is stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. Water is added and extracted twice with ethylacetate. The ethylacetate phase is washed with water, the solvent evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography (flash column filled with silicagel, elution with petrolether/ethylacetate (8:2; v/v)). From the enriched fractions the product can be crystallized with methanol. White crystalls (0.56 g; 14.7% y); mp. 103-104.degree. C.
Example 14
2,6-Dichloro-3',4-dimethoxy-6'-methyl-2'-phenylacetoxy-benzophenone
2,6-Dichloro-3'4'-dimethoxy-2'-dihydroxy-6'-methyl-benzophenone (3.41 g; 10 mmol) are added to a solution of potassium hydroxide (0.66 g; 85%) in methanol (30 ml). The methanol is evaporated, the residue is dissolved in dimethylformamide (30 ml), phenylacetylchloride (1.70 g; 11 mmol) is added and the mixture is stirred for 15 hours. Then water is added and the mixture is extracted three times with ethylacetate. After evaporation of the solvent methanol is added to the residue to give white crystalls (1.95 g; 42.5% y); mp. 106.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 15
2,6-Dichloro-5'-difluoromethoxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenone
To a solution of 2,6-dichloro-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenone (1.0 g; 3.2 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (7 ml) a solution of sodium hydroxide (0.6 g; 15 mmol) in water (1 ml) is added. The mixture is heated to 60.degree. C. with stirring, then a stream of chlorodifluoromethane is introduced for 20 minutes. After further stirring for 1.5 hours the solvent is evaporated. The residue is extracted with a mixture of trichloromethane and water. The organic phase is separated, dried and the solvent is evaporated. For purification, a flash column with silicagel (30 g) is used (elution with mixtures of petrolether/ethylacetate 9:1, then 8:2, then 7:3 (v/v)). The resulting compound forms white crystalls (0.6 g; 51.8% y); mp. 126-128.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 16
2,6-Dichloro-5'-propionyloxy-4'-methoxy-2'methyl-benzophenone
A mixture of 2,6-Dichloro-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenone and propionic acid anhydride (5 ml) is stirred at 100.degree. C. for 5 hours. Toluene/water is added. The organic phase is dried and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography (flash column with silicagel (30 g), elution with toluene). The toluene is removed. After treatment with cyclohexane the residue forms white crystalls; 0.5 g (42.6% y); mp. 142-145.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 17
2,6-Dichloro-5'-tert-butoxy-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenone
A solution of 2,6-dichloro-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-2-methyl-benzophenone (3.0 g; 9.6 mmol) in 50 ml of methylenechloride is cooled down to -70.degree. C., trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.3 ml) is added, then a stream of 2-methylpropene (5.5 g; 100 mmol) is introduced within 4 hours. Triethylamine (1.2 ml) is added, the temperature goes up to 20.degree. C. The solution is shaken twice with diluted sodium hydroxide and the solvent is evaporated. The residue is purified chromatographically (flash column with 30 g of silicagel, elution with toluene/acetone 20:1 (v/v)). The residue is treated with petrolether to give 0.7 g of white crystalls (20% y); mp. 102.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 18
2,6-Dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-5'-phenoxy-benzophenone
A mixture of 2-methoxy-4-methyl-diphenylether (2.1 g; 10 mmol), 2,6-dichlorobenzoylchloride (2.5 g; 12 mmol) and iron(III)chloride are heated to 100.degree. C. with stirring for 4 hours. After cooling down the mixture is shaken with toluene/water. The organic layer is dried and the solvent is evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography (flash column filled with 30 g of silicagel, elution with toluene/petrolether 1:9, changing to 1:1 (v/v). The residue after evaporation crystallises when treated with diisopropylether; white crystalls (1.5 g; 39% y); mp. 113.5.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 19
2,6-Dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-5'-phenoxy-benzophenone
A mixture of 2,6-dichlorobenzoylchloride (5.24 g; 25 mmol), 3-methylanisole (2.44 g; 20 mmol) and iron(III)chloride (20 mg) is heated to 100.degree. C. for 45 minutes with stirring. After cooling, toluene is added, the mixture is shaken with water, the organic phase is dried and the solvent is evaporated. The reaction product is purified chromatograpically (flash column with 70 g of silicagel; elution with petrolether/toluene changing from 75:25 to 40:60 (v/v)). After evaporation the residue from the main fraction is treated with petrolether to give white crystalls (1.33 g; 22.5% y); mp. 89.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 20
5'-Bromo-2,6-dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenone
A solution of bromine (0.25 ml in 3 ml of trichloromethane) is added dropwise to a stirred solution of 2,6-Dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenone (1.5 g; 5 mmol in 5 ml of trichloromethane), followed by 15 minutes of stirring at 20.degree. C. The mixture is shaken with water, sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and water. The organic phase is dried and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography (flash column filled with 30 g of silicagel, elution with petrolether/ethylacetate changing from 20:1 to 9:1, 8:2, 7:3 (v/v) . After evaporation, the residue crystallises when treated with petrolether/toluene to give white crystalls (0.45 g; 24% y); mp. 159.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 20
2,6-Dichloro-5'-nitro-4'-methoxy-2' methyl-benzophenone
2,6-Dichloro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenone (0.75 g; 2.5 mmol) is added to nitric acid (10 ml; 65%). The mixture is stirred at 80.degree. C. for 1 hour. After addition of water the reaction product crystallises and is chromatographically purified (flash column filled with 30 g of silicagel, elution with toluene). White crystalls (0.35 g; 41% y); mp. 156-160.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 21
2,6-Dichloro-4'-hydroxy-5'-nitro-2'-methyl-benzophenone
Aluminumchloride (1.5 g; 11 mmol) is added to a solution of 2,6-dichloro-5'-nitro-4'-methoxy-2'-methyl-benzophenone (1.8 g; 5.3 mmol) in methylenechloride (6 ml). The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at 20.degree. C. and for 1 hour at 45.degree. C., 5 ml conc. hydrochloric acid/ice are added. After shaking with 20 ml of methylenechloride the organic layer is treated with 2N hydrochloric acid and with water. After drying the solvent is evaporated, the residue purified by chromatography (flash column filled with 30 g of silicagel, elution with toluene). The residue from the main fraction is treated with diisopropylether to give yellow crystalls; (1.2 g; 73% y); mp. 170.degree. C.
The compounds of Tables IV to X can be prepared analogously to the examples described hereinbefore.
TABLE IV______________________________________Compounds of formula1 #STR24##No. R.sup.5 mp. �.degree. C.!______________________________________1 O--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 113.52 Br 1593 NO.sub.2 156-604 O--CH.sub.2 --CONH-(4-OCH.sub.3 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 1545 O--CH.sub.2 --CONH--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 1336 O--CH.sub.2 --CONH--CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 1507 O--CH.sub.2 -(2-pyridyl) 1148 O--CH.sub.2 -(3-pyridyl) 1199 O--CH.sub.2 -(4-pyridyl) 14210 2 #STR25## 13411 O--(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --O--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 86-912 3 #STR26## 12413 4 #STR27## 16414 5 #STR28## 94______________________________________
TABLE V______________________________________Compounds of formula3 #STR29##No. (R.sup.2).sub.m mp. �.degree.C.!______________________________________1 3-CH.sub.3 822 5-CH.sub.3 oil3 5-CH.sub.3 894 4,6-(CH.sub.3).sub.2 142______________________________________
TABLE VI______________________________________Compounds of formula6 #STR30##No. R mp. �.degree. C.!______________________________________ 1 CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 105 2 CH.sub.2 --CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 65 3 CH.sub.2 -(2-CH.sub.3 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 73 4 CH.sub.2 -(3-CH.sub.3 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 88 5 CH.sub.2 -(4-CH.sub.3 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 92 6 CH.sub.2 -(4-Cl--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 121 7 CH.sub.2 -(4-NO.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 178 8 CH.sub.2 -(4-F.sub.3 CO--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 120 9 CH.sub.2 -(4-CN--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 18910 7 #STR31## 11911 CH.sub.2 -(3-CH.sub.3 O--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) oil12 CH.sub.2 -(4-H.sub.2 NCO--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 10613 CH.sub.2 -(4-CH.sub.3 O--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 7714 H 16115 CH.sub.2 --CO--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 8416 CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 oil17 CH.sub.2 -(4-CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 10618 CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 7919 CH.sub.2 -(2,5-(CH.sub.3)2--C.sub.6 H.sub.3) 8620 CH.sub.2 -(2,4-(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.3) 12521 CO--CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 10622 CH.sub.2 -(2-naphthyl) 8423 CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 7924 CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 11025 CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 oil26 CH.sub.2 -(2-Cl--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 13127 CH.sub.2 -(3-Cl--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 12428 CH.sub.2 -(2-F--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 8829 CH.sub.2 -(4-F--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 10230 CH.sub.2 -(2-CN--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 12731 CH.sub.2 -(3-F--C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 8832 CH.sub.2 -(3-pyridyl) 8433 CH.sub.2 -(2-NO.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 14034 CH(CH.sub.3)--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 9235 CH.sub.2 -(4-CF.sub.3 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4) 125______________________________________
TABLE VII______________________________________Compounds of formula8 #STR32##No k mp. �.degree. C.!______________________________________1 1 1192 2 123-53 3 1334 4 103______________________________________
TABLE VIII______________________________________Compounds of formula9 #STR33##No. R R' mp. �.degree. C.!______________________________________1 H n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15 oil2 CH.sub.3 n-C.sub.7 H.sub.15 oil3 H CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 634 H CH.sub.2 --S--C.sub.6 H.sub.55 CH3 CH.sub.2 --S-t-C.sub.4 H.sub.9______________________________________
TABLE IX______________________________________Compounds of formula1 #STR34##No. R R' mp. �.degree. C.!______________________________________1 O--CH.sub.3 n-C.sub.5 H.sub.11 oil2 O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --S--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.33 O--CH.sub.2 --CO--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 CH.sub.34 H CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.55 H CH.sub.2 --S--CH.sub.36 H CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.57 H CH.sub.2 --S--C.sub.6 H.sub.58 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 --S-t-C.sub.4 H.sub.99 OH 18210 OH CH.sub.311 O--CH.sub.2 --O--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.3______________________________________
TABLE X______________________________________Compounds of formula2 #STR35##No. R R' mp. �.degree. C.!______________________________________1 O--CH.sub.3 n-C.sub.5 H.sub.112 O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --S--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.33 O--CH.sub.2 --CO--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 CH.sub.34 H CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.55 H CH.sub.2 --S--CH.sub.36 H CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.57 H CH.sub.2 --S--C.sub.6 H.sub.58 O--CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 --S--C.sub.6 H.sub.59 O--CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.310 O--CH.sub.2 --O--C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.311 H OH______________________________________
Formulations
Emulsion Concentrate
active compound 200 g/l
ethoxylated castor oil 100 g/l
tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 793 g/l
Biological Test Results
The fungicidal activity of the compositions and compounds of the invention is investigated by means of the following tests.
a) Activity Against Cereal Powdery Mildew(Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei and f.sp. tritici)
This test measures the prophylactic activity of test compositions and test compounds applied as a foliar spray. Cereal seedlings (barley, cv Golden Promise; wheat, cv Kanzler) are grown to the 1 leaf stage. The plants are then sprayed with a solution of test compound in water, made up from a 5,000 ppm stock solution in acetone containing 5,000 ppm of TRITON.RTM..times.155 (a non-ionic polyoxyethylene ether surfactant). Plants are treated using an automated spray line with atomizing nozzles. The spray volume is 20 ml. One to three days after treatment, the seedlings are inoculated with powdery mildew by shaking stock culture plants with sporulating pathogen (barley--Erysiphe graminis f-sp. hordei; wheat--Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) over them. Thereafter, the plants are kept for 3 h without air movement in order to allow the spores to settle on the leaves. The plants are then kept in the greenhouse until symptoms occur. Assessment is based on the percentage of diseased leaf area compared with that on control leaves.
b) Activity Against Apple Powdery Mildew(Podosphaera leucotricha)
This test measures the prophylactic activity of test compositions and test compounds, applied as a foliar spray. Apple seedlings (cv Morgenduft) are grown to the 6-7 leaf stage and then cut back to 3 leaves, taking off the oldest and youngest leaves. The plants are sprayed with a solution (20 ml) of test compound in water, made up from a 5,000 ppm stock solution in acetone containing 5,000 ppm of TRITON.RTM..times.155. The plants are treated using an automated spray line with atomizing nozzles. One to three days after treatment, the seedlings are inoculated with powdery mildew by shaking stock culture plants with sporulating pathogen over them. Thereafter, the plants are kept for 3 h without air movement. The plants are then kept in the greenhouse until symptoms occur. Assessment is based on the percentage of diseased leaf area of treated plants compared with that of control plants.
c) Activity Against Grapevine Powdery Mildew(Uncinula necator)
This test measures the direct protectant activity of test compositions and test compounds applied as foliar spray. Cuttings of grapevine (cv Muller-Thurgau) are grown to the 6-8leaf stage and then cut back to 4 equally sized leaves. The plants are sprayed to run-off in a spray cabinet with a solution (20 ml) of test compound in water made up from a 5,000 ppm stock solution in acetone containing 5,000 ppm of TRITON.RTM..times.155. Two days after treatment, the cuttings are inoculated with conidia of Uncinula necator in a special spore setting tower. The spores are blown from freshly sporulating grape leaves (U. necator stock culture) into the upper hole of the settling tower and are allowed to settle on the leaves for 5 min. Then the plants are kept in a phytotron at 18.degree. C. night and 22.degree. C. day temperature at an interval of 12 h night and 12 h day. Illumination is accomplished by fluorescent tubes at 11,200 lux. Assessment is carried out after 21 days by visual inspection and based on the percentage of the diseased leaf area of the three youngest leaves compared with that on control plants. The results of the tests are set out in Table A and B below, in which the compounds are identified by reference to the preceding Compound Nos. allocated in Examples 1 to 9 above or to their Nos. in Tables IV to X. Absence of a rating indicates that none of the tests described above was carried out. A rating 0 indicates disease as untreated control, a rating 100 indicates no disease.
TABLE A______________________________________ Erysiphe graminis Podosphaera Uncinula barley wheat leucotricha necatorComp. No. 100 ppm 100 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm______________________________________*1 100 100 96 84*2 99 100 0 41*3 0 0 04 95 100 415 94 99 416 99 100*8 100 100 100 95*9 0 70 95*10 85 100 44 88*11 0 0 0*12 23 0 013 87 100*14 0 36 0*15 99 73 016 100 9417 25 5 7718 89 57 7319 19 26 1520 100 100 2821 9 19 1523 100 100 10024 94 100 5326 82 79 3327 90 100 8928 100 9829 99 93 9731 99 10032 1 28 833 39 9834 0 035 0 22 936 49 6137 70 3738 42 7739 28 8540 100 10041 49 9943 23 4944 89 38 1046 100 10047 95 10048 84 90 10050 4 6 9451 51 2552 0 053 100 100*54 100 10056 100 100 11*57 99 100*58 100 100*59 0 160 0 3262 100 100*64 95 99 71 63*66 0 0 0*67 43 0 0*68 0 0 0*69 0 28 0*71 99 32 10*72 55 72 0*73 99 94 26 33*74 0 0 16*75 61 34 076 33 57*77 41 99 90*78 0 85 0*79 0 0 080 76 10082 100 10084 0 085 33 2886 0 1791 93 100*93 0 17*94 0 0*95 91 0*96 100 100 100*97 100 100 100*98 100 100 100*99 86 6 29*100 100 100 100*101 100 100 87*102 100 100 100*103 100 100 10*104 100 14 27*105 100 100 100*106 100 100*107 0 21*108 100 100*109 100 100*110 100 100*111 95 100*112 0 19*113 0 28*114 0 17*115 100 60*116 100 64*117 100 100 6*118 99 13 66*119 100 89 98*120 100 89 46*121 100 100 37*122 100 100 28*123 0 44 9*124 100 100 89*125 100 28 8*126 100 100 100*127 100 100 100*128 100 100 100*129 100 100 100*130 0 78 0*131 100 100 100*132 100 100 100*133 100 100 100*134 100 100 100*135 100 100 100*136 100 100 100*137 100 100 97*138 100 100 100*139 100 100 100*140 100 100 100*141 97 100 0*142 97 100 53*143 100 100 100*144 100 100 100*145 84 97 80*146 65 91*147 100 100*148 100 100*149 39 66*161 48 77 100*162 23 4 100*163 97 90 7166 100 100 --167 100 97 20168 100 100 2169 100 100 0170 100 100 100171 97 100 0172 100 97 100173 26 53 0174 100 100 98175 100 100 100176 0 0 8177 52 0 0178 100 100 100180 95 19 --181 5 0 6182 100 93 0183 100 74 0184 100 100 100185 0 0 0186 0 100 100189 100 100 100190 98 8 68191 100 100 99196 0 82 87197 71 78 1199 0 0 --200 100 100 41201 98 0 --202 0 92 92______________________________________ *indicates the infection with Erysiphe graminis and Podosphaera leucotricha was carried out 72 h after treatment
TABLE B______________________________________ Erisyphe graminis PodosphaeraCompound barley wheat leucotrichaTable/No. 100 ppm 100 ppm 100 ppm______________________________________IV/1 100 100 -- 2 100 100 0 3 100 100 48 4 51 100 5 5 11 25 -- 6 26 23 -- 7 100 100 -- 8 95 92 -- 9 98 100 --10 100 100 011 100 100 612 96 100 013 100 90 0V/1 100 100 97 2 100 99 63 3 100 100 25 4 100 100 0VI/1 100 100 100 2 100 100 100 3 100 100 100 4 100 100 100 5 100 100 100 6 100 100 100 7 100 45 0 8 100 100 100 9 74 23 610 100 100 9611 100 100 10012 100 0 0VI/13 100 100 10016 100 100 10017 100 58 10018 100 97 10019 100 100 10020 100 100 10021 100 100 3822 100 100 10023 100 95 1925 100 100 100VII/3 100 100 93 4 100 100 100IX/1 100 100 100______________________________________

Number	Name	Date
4065503	Kathawala	Dec 1977
4268691	Fung et al.	May 1981
4898983	Towie	Feb 1990
5068447	Gors et al.	Nov 1991
5637733	Desmurs et al.	Jun 1997

Fungicidal methods, compounds and compositions containing benzophenones

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