Patent Application
20090239748
The present invention relates to fungicidal mixtures comprising, as active components,
1) at least one 2,5-disubstituted N-biphenylpyrazolecarboxamide of the formula I
Moreover, the invention relates to a method for controlling harmful fungi using the mixture of at least one compound I and at least one of the active compounds II, the use of the compounds I and II for preparing such mixtures and also to compositions and seed comprising these mixtures.
EP-A 589 301 discloses inter alia some substituted N-biphenylpyrazolecarboxamides.
However, the individual compounds disclosed are unsubstituted or only monosubstituted in the biphenyl moiety.
Substituted biphenylamides which are only monosubstituted at the biphenyl radical are also known from WO 01/42223.
JP-A 09/132,567 discloses disubstituted biphenylamides which are substituted at the phenyl ring by trifluoromethyl.
WO 2005/34628 discloses mixtures of, inter alia, pyrazolecarboxamides and various other fungicidally active compounds. The pyrazolecarboxamides mentioned in this publication differ from the present compounds I in particular by the substitution pattern at the biphenyl radical.
2,4-disubstituted biphenylamides are known from WO 2005/123689 and WO 2005/123690, and 2,5-disubstituted biphenylamides are known from the earlier German application No. 102005007160.0.
However, the biphenylamides described and the known mixtures are, in particular at low application rates, not entirely satisfactory.
The active compounds II mentioned above as component 2), their preparation and their action against harmful fungi are generally known (cf., for example, http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/index.html); they are commercially available.
It was an object of the present invention, with a view to reducing the application rates and broadening the activity spectrum of the active compounds I and II, to provide mixtures which, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, have improved activity against harmful fungi, in particular for certain indications.
We have accordingly found the mixtures, defined at the outset, of the active compounds I and II. Moreover, we have found that simultaneous, that is joint or separate, application of at least the compound I and at least one of the active compounds II or successive application of the compound(s) I and at least one of the active compounds II allows better control of harmful fungi than is possible with the individual compounds alone (synergistic mixtures).
The compounds I can be used as synergists for a large number of different fungicidally active compounds. By simultaneous, that is joint or separate, application of compound(s) I with at least one active compound II, the fungicidal activity is increased in a superadditive manner.
The compounds of the formula 1 may be present in various crystal modifications, which may differ in their biological activity.
In formula I, halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine or chlorine.
C1-C4-Alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methyl-propyl or 1,1-dimethylethyl, preferably methyl or ethyl.
C1-C6-Alkyl is a C1-C4-alkyl radical as mentioned above, or is n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethyl-butyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethyl-propyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl; preferably a C1-C4-alkyl radical as mentioned above.
C1-C4-Haloalkyl is a partially or fully halogenated C1-C4-alkyl radical, where the halogen atom(s) is/are in particular fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, i.e., for example, chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoro-methyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-tri-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl or nonafluorobutyl, in particular halomethyl, with particular preference CH2—Cl, CH(Cl)2, CH2—F, CH(F)2, CF3, CHFCl, CF2Cl or CF(Cl)2, especially difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl.
C1-C6-Haloalkyl is a partially or fully halogenated C1-C6-alkyl radical, where the halogen atom(s) is/are in particular fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, i.e., for example, a C1-C4-haloalkyl radical as mentioned above, or is 5-fluoropentyl, 5-chloropentyl, 5-bromopentyl, 5-iodopentyl, 5,5,5-trichloropentyl, undecafluoropentyl, 6-fluorohexyl, 6-chlorohexyl, 6-bromohexyl, 6-iodohexyl, 6,6,6-trichlorohexyl or dodecafluorohexyl; preferably a C1-C4-haloalkyl radical.
The 2,5-disubstituted N-biphenylpyrazolecarboxamides of the formula I where X=oxygen are known, for example, from WO 2005/123689, WO 2005/123690 and the earlier German application No. 102005007160.0, or they can be prepared by the processes described therein.
The compounds I in which X is sulfur can be prepared, for example, by sulfurization of the corresponding compounds I in which X is oxygen (cf., for example, D. Petrova & K. Jakobcic, Croat. Chem. Acta 48, 49 (1976) and also WO 01/42223).
Among the 2,5-disubstituted N-biphenylpyrazolecarboxamides I, preference is firstly given to those in which X is oxygen.
Secondly, preference is given to those compounds I in which X is sulfur.
For the mixtures according to the invention, preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are cyano, fluorine, chlorine, methyl, methoxy or trifluoromethyl, R3 is fluorine, chlorine, methyl or C1-haloalkyl and R4 is hydrogen or halogen.
Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are cyano, fluorine, chlorine or methoxy and R3 is fluorine, chlorine, methyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl and R4 is hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine.
Very particular preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are fluorine or chlorine, R3 is methyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl and R4 is hydrogen.
Particular preference is given to the compounds 1a listed in the tables below
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is fluorine and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is chlorine and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is bromine and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Compound 4.1-4.20
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is iodine and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is methyl and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is methoxy and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is trifluoromethyl and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is trifluoromethoxy and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is cyano and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is nitro and R2 and R3 in each case have the meanings given in one row of Table A.
Very particularly preferred compounds of the formula I are N-(2′,5′-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′,5′-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′-fluoro-5′-chloro-biphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′-chloro-5′-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′,5′-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′,5′-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′-fluoro-5′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and N-(2′-chloro-5′-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.
Preference is given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the A) azoles.
Preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the B) strobilurins.
Preference is given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the C) carboxamides.
Preference is furthermore also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the D) heterocyclic compounds.
Preference is furthermore also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the E) carbamates.
Preference is furthermore also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the F) other fungicides.
Preference is furthermore also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the A) azoles selected from the group consisting of cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, cyazofamid, benomyl, carbendazim and ethaboxam.
Particular preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the A) azoles selected from the group consisting of cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, cyazofamid, benomyl and carbendazim.
Very particular preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the A) azoles selected from the group consisting of epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flutriafol, metconazole, tebuconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz and carbendazim.
Preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the B) strobilurins selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.
Particular preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the B) strobilurins selected from the group consisting of kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin and pyraclostrobin.
Very particular preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with pyraclostrobin.
Preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the C) carboxamides selected from the group consisting of fenhexamid, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ofurace, dimethomorph, flumorph, fluopicolide (picobenzamid), zoxamide, carpropamid and mandipropamid.
Particular preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the C) carboxamides selected from the group consisting of fenhexamid, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ofurace, dimethomorph, zoxamide and carpropamid.
Preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the D) heterocyclic compounds selected from the group consisting of fluazinam, cyprodinil, fenarimol, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, triforine, fludioxonil, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, iprodione, vinclozolin, famoxadone, fenamidone, probenazole, 5-chloro-7-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, proquinazid, acibenzolar-S-methyl, captafol, folpet, fenoxanil and quinoxyfen, in particular fluazinam, cyprodinil, fenarimol, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, triforine, fludioxonil, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, iprodione, vinclozolin, famoxadone, fenamidone, probenazole, proquinazid, acibenzolar-S-methyl, captafol, folpet, fenoxanil and quinoxyfen.
Particular preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the D) heterocyclic compounds selected from the group consisting of pyrimethanil, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, iprodione, vinclozolin, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluoro-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and quinoxyfen.
Preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the E) carbamates selected from the group consisting of mancozeb, metiram, propineb, thiram, iprovalicarb, flubenthiavalicarb and propamocarb.
Particular preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the E) carbamates selected from the group consisting of mancozeb and metiram.
Preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the F) other fungicides selected from the group consisting of dithianon, fentin salts, such as fentin acetate, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiophanate-methyl, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur, cymoxanil, metrafenone and spiroxamine.
Particular preference is also given to mixtures of a compound of the formula I with at least one active compound selected from the group of the F) other fungicides selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid and its salts, chlorothalonil and metrafenone.
Preference is also given to three-component mixtures of one compound of the formula I with two of the active compounds II mentioned above.
Preferred combinations of active compounds are listed in Tables 11 to 17 below:
The mixtures of compound(s) I and at least one of the active compounds II, or at least one compound I and at least one of the active compounds II applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, have excellent activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from the class of the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes). Some of them are systemically effective and can be employed in crop protection as foliar fungicides, as fungicides for seed dressing and as soil fungicides. They can also be used for treating seed.
They are particularly important in the control of a multitude of fungi on various cultivated plants, such as wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, grass, bananas, cotton, soybeans, coffee, sugar cane, vines, fruits and ornamental plants, and vegetables, such as cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, potatoes and cucurbits, and on the seeds of these plants.
They are especially suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
The mixtures according to the invention are also suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of materials (for example wood, paper, paint dispersions, fibers or fabrics) and in the protection of stored products. In the protection of wood, particular attention is paid to the following harmful fungi: Ascomycetes, such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.; Basidiomycetes, such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Deuteromycetes, such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes, such as Mucor spp., additionally in the protection of materials the following yeasts: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
The compound(s) I and at least one of the active compounds II can be applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession, the order in the case of separate application generally not having any effect on the control result.
When providing the mixtures, preference is given to using the pure active compounds I to II, to which further active compounds against harmful fungi or against other pests such as insects, arachnids or nematodes or else herbicidally active or growth-regulating active compounds or fertilizers may be added.
Such mixtures of three active compounds consist, for example, of a compound of the formula I, in particular N-(2′,5′-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′,5′-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′,5′-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide or N-(2′,5′-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, an azole from the group A), in particular epoxiconazole, metconazole, triticonazole or fluquinconazole, and an insecticide, suitable insecticides being in particular fipronil and neonicotinoids, such as acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam.
Usually, mixtures of at least one compound I and at least one active compound II are employed. Here, mixtures of at least one compound I with two or, if desired, more active components may offer particular advantages.
Suitable further active components in the above sense are in particular the active compounds II, mentioned at the outset, and in particular the preferred active compounds II mentioned above.
The compound(s) I and the active compound(s) II are usually employed in a weight ratio of from 100:1 to 1:100, preferably from 20:1 to 1:20, in particular from 10:1 to 1:10.
The further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20 to the compound 1.
Depending on the type of compounds I and II and the desired effect, the application rates of the mixtures according to the invention, in particular in the case of agricultural crop areas, are from 5 g/ha to 2000 g/ha, preferably from 20 to 1500 g/ha, in particular from 50 to 1000 g/ha.
Correspondingly, the application rates for the compound(s) I are generally from 1 to 1000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 900 g/ha, in particular from 20 to 750 g/ha.
Correspondingly, the application rates for the active compounds II are generally from 1 to 2000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1500 g/ha, in particular from 40 to 1000 g/ha.
In the treatment of seed, application rates of mixture are generally from 1 to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 to 750 g per 100 kg, in particular from 5 to 500 g per 100 kg of seed.
The method for controlling harmful fungi is carried out by the separate or joint application of compound(s) I and at least one of the active compounds II or a mixture of compound(s) I and at least one of the active compounds II by spraying or dusting the seeds, the plants or the soils before or after sowing of the plants or before or after emergence of the plants.
The fungicidal, synergistic mixtures according to the invention, or the compound(s) I and at least one of the active compounds II, can be converted into the customary formulations, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes or granules. The use form depends on the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure as fine and even a distribution as possible of the mixture according to the invention.
The formulations are prepared in a manner known per se, for example by extending the active compounds with solvents and/or carriers, if desired using emulsifiers and dispersants. Solvents/auxiliaries suitable for this purpose are essentially:
Suitable surfactants are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of lignosulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalene-sulfonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristearylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable solutions, emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, strongly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.
Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the active substances with at least one solid carrier.
Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to at least one solid carrier. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
In general, the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the compound(s) I and at least one of the active compounds II or of the mixture of the compound(s) I with at least one active compound II. The active compounds are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR or HPLC spectrum).
The following are examples of formulations:
1. Products for Dilution with Water
10 parts by weight of a mixture according to the invention are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of water or a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetting agents or other auxiliaries are added. The active compound dissolves upon dilution with water. This gives a formulation having an active compound content of 10% by weight.
20 parts by weight of a mixture according to the invention are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. The active compound content is 20% by weight.
15 parts by weight of a mixture according to the invention are dissolved in 75 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The formulation has an active compound content of 15% by weight.
25 parts by weight of a mixture according to the invention are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). This mixture is introduced into 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifying machine (e.g. Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The formulation has an active compound content of 25% by weight.
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of a mixture according to the invention are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agent and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent to give a fine active compound suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active compound. The active compound content in the formulation is 20% by weight.
50 parts by weight of a mixture according to the invention are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agent and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound. The formulation has an active compound content of 50% by weight.
75 parts by weight of a mixture according to the invention are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetting agent and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound. The active compound content of the formulation is 75% by weight.
5 parts by weight of a mixture according to the invention are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable product having an active compound content of 5% by weight.
0.5 part by weight of a mixture according to the invention is ground finely and associated with 99.5 parts by weight of carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules to be applied undiluted having an active compound content of 0.5% by weight.
10 parts by weight of a mixture according to the invention are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of an organic solvent, for example xylene. This gives a product to be applied undiluted having an active compound content of 10% by weight.
The active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, for example in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading or pouring. The use forms depend entirely on the intended purposes; they are intended to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compounds.
Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. However, it is also possible to prepare concentrates composed of active substance, wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
The active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are between 0.0001 and 10%, preferably between 0.01 and 1%.
The active compounds may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume (ULV) process, by which it is possible to apply formulations comprising over 95% by weight of active compound, or even to apply the active compound without additives.
Various types of oils, wetting agent, adjuvants, herbicides, other pesticides, or bactericides may be added to the active compounds, if desired not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents are usually admixed with the mixtures according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.
Suitable adjuvants in this sense are in particular: organically modified polysiloxanes, for example Break Thru S 240®; alcohol alkoxylates, for example Atplus 245®, Atplus MBA 1303®, Plurafac LF 300® and Lutensol ON 30®; EO/PO block polymers, for example Pluronic RPE 2035® and Genapol B®; alcohol ethoxylates, for example Lutensol XP 80®; and sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, for example Leophen RA®.
The compounds I and II or the mixtures or the corresponding formulations are applied by treating the harmful fungi, their habitat or the plants, seeds, soils, areas, materials or spaces to be kept free from them with a fungicidally effective amount of the mixture or, in the case of separate application, of the compounds I and II. Application can be carried out before or after infection by the harmful fungi.
A spatula tip of tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium(0) was added to a solution of 1.55 g of 2-bromoaniline, 2.13 g of 2,5-difluorophenylboronic acid and 1.91 g of sodium carbonate in a mixture of 12 ml of water and 36 ml of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The mixture was stirred under reflux for 18 hours and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in methyl tert-butyl ether, washed once with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and four times with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatographic purification using a mixture of toluene and cyclohexane (1:1) gave 0.77 g of the product as a clear oil.
0.24 g of 1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole-4-carbonyl chloride, 0.23 g of ortho-(2,5-difluorophenyl)aniline and 0.13 g of pyridine were dissolved in 7.5 ml of toluene. After 16 hours of stirring at room temperature, methyl tert-butyl ether was added and the mixture was washed twice with 5% strength hydrochloric acid, twice with 5% strength aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and once with water. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Recrystallization from diisopropyl ether gave 0.31 g of the product as a colorless powder; m.p.=110-112° C.
In addition to the compound described above, Table 18 lists, in an examplary manner, further 2,5-disubstituted N-biphenylpyrazolecarboxamides of the formula I which were prepared or are preparable in the same manner.
The synergistic action of the mixtures according to the invention was demonstrated by the following tests:
The active compounds, separately or jointly, were prepared as a stock solution comprising 25 mg of active compound which was made up to 10 ml using a mixture of acetone and/or dimethyl sulfoxide and the emulsifier Uniperol® EL (wetting agent having an emulsifying and dispersing action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) in a ratio by volume of solvent/emulsifier of 99:1. The mixture was then made up to 100 ml with water. This stock solution was diluted with the solvent/emulsifier/water mixture described to give the concentration of active compound stated below.
Alternatively, the active compounds epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin were used as a commercial formulation and diluted with water to the stated active compound concentrations.
The visually determined percentages of infected leaf areas were converted into efficacies in % of the untreated control.
The efficacy (E) is calculated as follows using Abbot's formula:
E=(1−α/β)·100
α corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the treated plants in % and
β corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the untreated (control) plants in %
An efficacy of 0 means that the infection level of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; an efficacy of 100 means that the treated plants were not infected.
The expected efficacies of active compound mixtures were determined using Colby's formula [R. S. Colby, “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations”, Weeds 15, 20-22 (1967)] and compared with the observed efficacies.
E=x+y−x·y/100
Bell pepper seedlings of the cultivar “Neusiedler Ideal Elite” were, after 2-3 leaves were well developed, sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the active compound concentration stated below. The next day, the treated plants were inoculated with a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea which contained 1.7×106 spores/ml in a 2% strength aqueous biomalt solution. The test plants were then placed in a dark climatized chamber at 22 to 24° C. and high atmospheric humidity. After 5 days, the extent of the fungal infection on the leaves could be determined visually in %.
Leaves of potted wheat seedlings of the cultivar “Kanzler” were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the active compound concentration stated below. The next day, the treated plants were inoculated with a spore suspension of brown rust of wheat (Puccinia recondita). The plants were then placed in a chamber with high atmospheric humidity (90 to 95%) at 20 to 22° C. for 24 hours. During this time, the spores germinated and the germ tubes penetrated into the leaf tissue. The next day, the test plants were returned to the greenhouse and cultivated at temperatures between 20 and 22° C. and at 65 to 70% relative atmospheric humidity for a further 7 days. The extent of the rust fungus development on the leaves was then determined visually.
Leaves of potted barley seedlings were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the active compound concentration stated below. 24 hours after the spray coating had dried on, the test plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of Pyrenophora [syn. Drechslera] teres, the net blotch pathogen. The test plants were then placed in a greenhouse at temperatures between 20 and 24° C. and at 95 to 100% relative atmospheric humidity. After 6 days, the extent of the development of the disease was determined visually in % infection of the entire leaf area.
Leaves of potted soybean seedlings of the cultivar “Oxford” were inoculated with a spore suspension of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). The pots were then placed in a chamber with high atmospheric humidity (90 to 95%) at 23 to 27° C. for 24 hours. During this time, the spores germinated and the germ tubes penetrated into the leaf tissue. After 2 days, the infected plants were sprayed to runoff point with the above-described active compound solution at the active compound concentration stated below. After the spray coating had dried on, the test plants were cultivated in a greenhouse at temperatures between 23 and 27° C. and at 60 to 80% relative atmospheric humidity for 14 days. The extent of the rust fungus development on the leaves was then determined.
For this test, the active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a concentration of 10 000 ppm in dimethyl sulfoxide.
The stock solution was mixed according to the ratio, pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted with an aqueous malt-based fungus nutrient medium to the stated active compound concentration. An aqueous spore suspension of Septoria tritici was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at temperatures of 18° C. Using an absorbtion photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation.
The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant (100%) and the fungus- and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the individual active compounds.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2005 030 951.8 | Jun 2005 | DE | national |
| 06101597.0 | Feb 2006 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2006/063624 | 6/28/2006 | WO | 00 | 12/20/2007 |
