Fungicidal mixtures

Abstract

Fungicidal mixtures, comprising

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to fungicidal mixtures, comprising

[0002] A) imidazole derivatives of the formula I 2

[0003]  in which R1 and R2 are halogen or phenyl, which may be substituted by halogen or C1—C4-alkyl, or

[0004] R1 and R2 together with the bridging C═C double bond form a 3,4-difluoromethylenedioxyphenyl group;

[0005] R3 is cyano or halogen, and

[0006] R4 is di(C1—C4-alkyl)amino or

[0007] isoxazol-4-yl, which may carry two C1—C4-alkyl radicals; and

[0008] B) a dithiocarbamate (II) selected from the group consisting of

[0009] manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (zinc complex) (IIa),

[0010] manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIb),

[0011] zinc ammoniate ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIc) and

[0012] zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IId)

[0013]  in a synergistically effective amount.

[0014] Moreover, the invention relates to methods for controlling harmful fungi using mixtures of the compounds I and II and to the use of the compounds I and the compounds II for preparing such mixtures.

[0015] The imidazole derivatives of the formula I, their preparation and their action against harmful fungi are known from the literature (EP-A 298 196, WO-A 97/06171).

[0016] Also known are the dithiocarbamates II

[0017] IIa: common name: mancozeb (U.S. Pat. No. 3,379,610);

[0018] IIb: common name: maneb (U.S. Pat. No. 2,504,404);

[0019] IIc: former common name: metiram (U.S. Pat. No. 3,248,400);

[0020] IId: common name: zineb (U.S. Pat. No. 2,457,674), their preparation and their action against harmful fungi.

[0021] It is an object of the present invention to provide mixtures which have an improved activity against harmful fungi combined with a reduced total amount of active compounds applied (synergistic mixtures), with a view to reducing the application rates and improving the activity spectrum of the known compounds I and II.

[0022] We have found that this object is achieved by the mixture defined at the outset. Moreover, we have found that applying the compounds I and the compounds II simultaneously, i.e. together or separately, or applying the compounds I and the compounds II in succession provides better control of harmful fungi than is possible with the individual compounds alone.

[0023] The formula I represents in particular imidazole derivatives of the formula I in which R1 is halogen, in particular chlorine, and R2 is tolyl, in particular p-tolyl.

[0024] Likewise, preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which R4 is dimethylamino.

[0025] In addition, the compound of the formula Ia (common name: cyazofamid) is particularly preferred. This compound is known from EP-A 298 196. 3

[0026] Furthermore, preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which R1 and R2 together with the bridging C═C double bond form a 3,4-difluoromethylenedioxyphenyl group.

[0027] In addition, preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which R4 is 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl.

[0028] Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula Ib in which X is halogen. 4

[0029] Halogen denotes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula Ib in which X is bromine (Ib.1) or chlorine (Ib.2).

[0030] When preparing the mixtures, it is preferred to employ the pure active ingredients I and II (IIa to IId), to which further active ingredients against harmful fungi or other pests, such as insects, arachnids or nematodes, or else herbicidal or growth-regulating active ingredients or fertilizers can be admixed.

[0031] The mixtures of the compounds I and II, or the compounds I and II used simultaneously, jointly or separately, exhibit outstanding activity against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from the classes of the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Phycomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Some of them act systemically and can therefore be employed as foliar- and soil-acting fungicides.

[0032] They are especially important for controlling a large number of fungi in a variety of crop plants, such as cotton, vegetable species (e.g. cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, potatoes and cucurbits), barley, grass, oats, bananas, coffee, maize, fruit species, rice, rye, soya, grapevine, wheat, ornamentals, sugar cane, and a variety of seeds.

[0033] They are particularly suitable for controlling the following phytopathogenic fungi: Erysiphe graminis (powdery mildew) in cereals, Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea in cucurbits, Podosphaera leucotricha in apples, Uncinula necator in grapevines, Puccinia species in cereals, Rhizoctonia species in cotton, rice and lawns, Ustilago species in cereals and sugar cane, Venturia inaequalis (scab) in apples, Helminthosporium species in cereals, Septoria nodorum in wheat, Botrytis cinera (gray mold) in strawberries, vegetables, ornamentals and grapevines, Cercospora arachidicola in groundnuts, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in wheat and barley, Pyricularia oryzae in rice, Phytophthora infestans in potatoes and tomatoes, Plasmopara viticola in grapevines, Pseudoperonospora species in hops and cucumbers, Alternaria species in vegetables and fruit, Mycosphaerella species in bananas and Fusarium and Verticillium species.

[0034] They can furthermore be employed in the protection of materials (for example the protection of wood), for example against Paecilomyces variotii.

[0035] The compounds I and II can be applied simultaneously, that is either together or separately, or successively, the sequence, in the case of separate application, generally not having any effect on the result of the control measures.

[0036] The compounds I and II are usually applied in a weight ratio of from 20:1 to 1:500, in particular from 10:1 to 1:200, preferably from 1:1 to 1:50.

[0037] Depending on the kind of effect desired, the application rates of the mixtures according to the invention are, in particular in agricultural crop areas, from 0.01 to 8 kg/ha, preferably 0.1 to 5 kg/ha, in particular 0.1 to 3.0 kg/ha.

[0038] The application rates of the compounds I are from 0.01 to 1 kg/ha, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 kg/ha, in particular 0.05 to 0.3 kg/ha.

[0039] Correspondingly, in the case of the compounds II, the application rates are from 0.01 to 1 kg/ha, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 kg/ha, in particular 0.05 to 0.3 kg/ha.

[0040] For seed treatment, the application rates of the mixture are generally from 0.001 to 250 g/kg of seed, preferably 0.01 to 100 g/kg, in particular 0.01 to 50 g/kg.

[0041] If phytopathogenic harmful fungi are to be controlled, the separate or joint application of the compounds I and II or of the mixtures of the compounds I and II is effected by spraying or dusting the seeds, the plants or the soils before or after sowing of the plants, or before or after plant emergence.

[0042] The fungicidal synergistic mixtures according to the invention or the compounds I and II can be formulated for example in the form of ready-to-spray solutions, powders and suspensions or in the form of highly concentrated aqueous, oily or other suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, materials for broadcasting or granules, and applied by spraying, atomizing, dusting, broadcasting or watering. The use form depends on the intended purpose; in any case, it should ensure as fine and uniform as possible a distribution of the mixture according to the invention.

[0043] The formulations are prepared in a known manner, e.g. by adding solvents and/or carriers. The formulations are usually admixed with inert additives, such as emulsifiers or dispersants.

[0044] Suitable surfactants are the alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, e.g. ligno-, phenol-, naphthalene- and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, and of fatty acids, alkyl- and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates, and salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols, or of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of the naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctyl-, octyl- or nonylphenol, alkylphenyl or tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetate, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors or methylcellulose.

[0045] Powders, materials for broadcasting and dusts can be prepared by mixing or jointly grinding the compounds I or II or the mixture of the compounds I and II with a solid carrier.

[0046] Granules (e.g. coated granules, impregnated granules or homogeneous granules) are usually prepared by binding the active compound, or active compounds, to a solid carrier.

[0047] Fillers or solid carriers are, for example, mineral earths, such as silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials and fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders or other solid carriers.

[0048] The formulations generally comprise from 0.1 to 95% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 90% by weight, of one of the compounds I or II or of the mixture of the compounds I and II. The active compounds are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum or HPLC).

[0049] The compounds I or II, the mixtures, or the corresponding formulations, are applied by treating the harmful fungi, their habitat, or the plants, seeds, soils, areas, materials or spaces to be kept free from them with a fungicidally effective amount of the mixture, or of the compounds I and II in the case of separate application.

[0050] Application can be effected before or after infection by the harmful fungi.

USE EXAMPLE

[0051] The synergistic activity of the mixtures according to the invention was demonstrated by the following experiments:

[0052] The active compounds, separately or together, were formulated as a 10% emulsion in a mixture of 63% by weight of cyclohexanone and 27% by weight of emulsifier, and diluted with water to the desired concentration.

[0053] Evaluation was carried out by determining the infected leaf areas in percent. These percentages were converted into efficacies. The efficacy (W) was calculated as follows using Abbot's formula:

W= (1−α)·100/β

[0054] α corresponds to the fungal infection of the treated plants in % and

[0055] β corresponds to the fungal infection of the untreated (control) plants in %

[0056] An efficacy of 0 means that the infection level of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; an efficacy of 100 means that the treated plants were not infected.

[0057] The expected efficacies of the mixtures of the active compounds were determined using Colby's formula [R. S. Colby, Weeds 15, 20-22 (1967)] and compared with the observed efficacies.

Colby's formula: E=x+y−x·y/100

[0058] E expected efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the mixture of the active compounds A and B at the concentrations a and b

[0059] x efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using active compound A at a concentration a

[0060] y efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using active compound B at a concentration b.

USE EXAMPLE

Protective Activity Against Peronospora in Grapevines Caused by Plasmopara viticola

[0061] Leaves of potted vines of the cultivar “Müiller-Thurgau” were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous preparation of active compound which had been prepared using a stock solution comprising 10% of active compound, 85% of cyclohexanone and 5% of emulsifier. The next day, the undersides of the leaves were inoculated with an aqueous zoospore suspension of Plasmopara viticola. The vines were then placed firstly for 48 hours in a water-vapor-saturated chamber at 24° C. and then for 5 days in a greenhouse at 20-30° C. After this period of time, the plants were again placed in a moist chamber for 16 hours to accelerate the sporangiophore eruption. The extent to which the undersides of the leaves had been infected was then determined visually.

TABLE A
Individual active compounds
		Concentration of
		active compound	Efficacy in % of
		in the spray	the untreated
Example	Active compound	liquor [ppm]	control
1	Control	(90% infection)	0
	(untreated)
2	Ia	0.2	89
		0.1	78
		0.05	56
3	Ib.1	0.2	83
		0.1	67
		0.05	33
4	IIa	10	72
		5	11
5	IIc	10	11
		5	0

[0062]

TABLE B
Combinations according to the invention
		Active compound
		mixture
		concentration mixing	Observed	Calculated
	Example	ratio	efficacy	efficacy*)
	6	Ia + IIa	100	60
		0.05 + 5 ppm
		1:10
	7	Ia + IIa	100	80
		0.1 + 0.5 ppm
		1:50
	8	Ia + IIa	100	90
		0.2 + 5 ppm
		1:25
	9	Ia + IIa	100	88
		0.05 + 10 ppm
		1:200
	10	Ia + IIc	100	56
		0.05 + 5 ppm
		1:10
	11	Ia + IIc	100	78
		0.1 + 5 ppm
		1:50
	12	Ia + IIc	100	89
		0.2 + 5 ppm
		1:25
	13	Ia + IIc	100	60
		0.05 + 10 ppm
		1:200
	14	Ib.1 + IIa	83	41
		0.05 + 5 ppm
		1:10
	15	Ib.1 + IIa	99	70
		0.1 + 5 ppm
		1:50
	16	Ib.1 + IIa	100	85
		0.2 + 5 ppm
		1:25
	17	Ib.1 + IIa	100	81
		0.05 + 10 ppm
		1:200
	18	Ib.1 + IIc	78	33
		0.05 + 5 ppm
		1:10
	19	Ib.1 + IIc	78	67
		0.1 + 5 ppm
		1:50
	20	Ib.1 + IIc	100	83
		0.2 + 5 ppm
		1:25
	21	Ib.1 + IIc	92	42
		0.05 + 10 ppm
		1:200
	*)calculated using Colby's formula

[0063] The test results show that, for all mixing ratios, the observed efficacy is higher than that calculated beforehand using Colby's formula.

Claims

1. A fungicidal mixture, comprising A) imidazole derivatives of the formula I 5in which R1 and R2 are halogen or phenyl, which may be substituted by halogen or C1—C4-alkyl, or R1 and R2 together with the bridging C═C double bond form a 3,4-difluoromethylenedioxyphenyl group; R3 is cyano or halogen, and R4 is di(C1—C4-alkyl)amino or isoxazol-4-yl, which may carry two C1—C4-alkyl radicals; and B) a dithiocarbamate (II) selected from the group consisting of manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (zinc complex) (IIa), manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIb), zinc ammoniate ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIc) and zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IId) in a synergistically effective amount.

2. A fungicidal mixture as claimed in claim 1, where the imidazole derivative I corresponds to the formula Ia.

3. A fungicidal mixture as claimed in claim 1, where the imidazole derivative I corresponds to the formula Ib

4. A fungicidal mixture as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, comprising manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (zinc complex) (IIa).

5. A fungicidal mixture as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, comprising manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIb).

6. A fungicidal mixture as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, comprising zinc ammoniate ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIc).

7. A fungicidal mixture as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, comprising zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IId).

8. A fungicidal mixture as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the weight ratio of the compound I to the compound II is from 20:1 to 1:500.

9. A method for controlling harmful fungi, which comprises treating the harmful fungi, their habitat or the plants, seeds, soils, areas, materials or spaces to be kept free from them with imidazole derivatives of the formula I as set forth in claim 1 and dithiocarbamates of the formula II as set forth in claim 1.

10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein imidazole derivatives of the formula I as set forth in claim 1 and dithiocarbamates of the formula II as set forth in claim 1 are applied simultaneously, that is either together or separately, or successively.

11. A method as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein the imidazole derivatives of the formula I as set forth in claim 1 are applied in an amount of from 0.01 to 2.5 kg/ha.

12. A method as claimed in any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the dithiocarbamates of the formula II as set forth in claim 1 are applied in an amount of from 0.01 to 10 kg/ha.

13. A fungicidal composition, which is conditioned in two parts, one part comprising imidazole derivatives of the formula I as set forth in claim 1 in a solid or liquid carrier and the other part comprising dithiocarbamates of the formula II as set forth in claim 1 in a solid or liquid carrier.