Patent Application
20120088665
The present invention relates to fungicidal compositions comprising, as active components,
1) at least one sulfur-containing triazole compound selected from the group consisting of
The compounds I-1 to I-23 have the following structures:
and
2) a compound II,
where the compound II of component 2 is selected from the following compounds:
A) strobilurins:
Furthermore, the invention also relates to compositions in which component 2) is defined as follows:
The invention furthermore relates to the use of the fungicidal mixtures for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and preparations or compositions comprising them. The invention furthermore also relates to seed comprising the fungicidal mixtures. The invention furthermore also relates to methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi wherein the fungi or the materials, plants, the soil or seeds to be protected from fungal attack are treated with an effective amount of a fungicidal mixture according to the invention. The invention furthermore also relates to processes for preparing the mixtures according to the invention.
The mixtures comprising at least one compound of the formula I (component 1) and at least one further active compound II (component 2 and optional component 3) are the mixtures according to the invention. Particularly preferably, the mixtures according to the invention are binary mixtures. Furthermore preferably, the mixtures according to the invention are ternary mixtures.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to fungicidal mixtures comprising
1) at least one sulfur-containing triazole compound selected from the compounds I-1 to I-23 as described above, and
2) a compound II, and
3) a further compound II, where the compounds II of components 2 and 3 independently of one another are selected from the compounds of groups A to I as described above, with the proviso that component 2 and component 3 are not identical, in a synergistically effective amount.
Sulfur-containing triazole compounds of component 1, their preparation and their use in crop protection are known from WO9616048, DE19520095, WO9638423, WO9638424, WO9639395, WO9639394, WO9641798, WO9641804, WO9706151, WO9706152, WO9705119.
The sulfur-containing triazole compounds I-1 to I-23 are the compounds I according to the invention.
Furthermore, the invention relates to certain compounds of the formula I (=compounds of the formula I according to the invention), to their use for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and to preparations or compositions comprising them. Furthermore, the invention also relates to seed comprising the compounds of the formula I according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention also relates to methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi wherein the fungi or the materials, plants, the soil or seed to be protected against fungal attack are treated with an effective amount of a compound of the formula I according to the invention. The invention furthermore also relates to processes for preparing the compounds of the formula I according to the invention.
The preparation of the compositions comprising certain compounds of the formula I is carried out in a known manner as stated for the preparation of the compositions of the mixtures according to the invention, in the form of compositions comprising, in addition to the active compound or the active compounds, a solvent or a solid carrier. With respect to the customary ingredients of such compositions, reference is made to what was said about the compositions comprising the mixtures according to the invention. The compositions for mixtures of active compounds are suitable as fungicides for controlling harmful fungi. With respect to the use of the fungicides (plant diseases to be treated, plants to be treated, type of application, effects), reference is made to what was said about the compositions comprising the mixtures according to the invention.
The active compounds specified above as component 2 (and optional further component 3), their preparation, and their action against harmful fungi are known (cf.: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); they are available commercially. The compounds with IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation, and their fungicidal activity are likewise known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141 317; EP-A 152 031; EP-A 226 917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941; EP-A 532 022; EP-A 1 028 125; EP-A 1 035 122; EP-A 1 201 648; EP-A 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; U.S. Pat. No. 3,296,272; U.S. Pat. No. 3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO 99/24413; WO 99/27783; WO 00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501; WO 01/56358; WO 02/22583; WO 02/40431; WO 03/10149; WO 03/11853; WO 03/14103; WO 03/16286; WO 03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609; WO 03/74491; WO 04/49804; WO 05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690; WO 05/63721; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773; WO 06/15866; WO 06/87325; WO 06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624).
With a view to reducing the application rates and broadening the activity spectrum of the known compounds, it was an object of the present invention to provide mixtures which, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, show improved activity against harmful fungi, in particular for certain indications.
Accordingly we have found the mixtures defined at the outset. The present invention relates in particular also to fungicidal compositions which comprise at least one compound of the general formula I and at least one further fungicidally active compound (component 2 and optional component 3), for example one or more, for example 1 or 2, active compounds of groups A to I mentioned above and optionally one or more agriculturally suitable carriers. Moreover, it has been found that simultaneous, that is joint or separate, application of compound I and one or more compounds II, or compound I and compound(s) II applied in succession, allows better control of harmful fungi than with the individual compounds (synergistic mixtures). As mentioned above, these mixtures are of interest with a view to reducing the application rates, since many show, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, an improved activity against harmful fungi, in particular for certain indications. Simultaneous, that is joint or separate, application of compound I and one or more compounds II can increase the fungicidal activity in a superadditive manner.
In the sense of the present application, joint application means that at least one compound I and the at least one further active compound II are present simultaneously at the site of action (i.e. the plant-damaging fungi to be controlled and their habitat, such as infected plants, plant propagation materials, in particular seed, soils, materials or spaces and also the plants, plant propagation materials, in particular seed, soils, materials or spaces to be protected against fungal attack) in an amount sufficient for an effective control of fungal growth. This can be achieved by applying the compounds I and at least one further active compound II jointly in a joint active compound preparation or in at least two separate active compound preparations simultaneously, or by applying the active compounds successively to the site of action, the time interval between the individual active compound applications being chosen such that the active compound applied first is, at the time of application of the further active compound(s), present at the site of action in a sufficient amount. The order in which the active compounds are applied is of minor importance.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixtures are binary mixtures, i.e. compositions according to the invention comprising one compound I and one further active compound II (component 2), for example one active compound from groups A) to I).
Here, the weight ratio of compound I to further active compound II depends on the properties of the active compounds in question; usually, it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, frequently in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1, particularly preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1, in particular in the range of from 1:3 to 3:1.
In a further preferred embodiment, the mixtures are ternary mixtures, i.e. compositions according to the invention comprising one active compound I and one 1st further active compound (component 2) and one 2nd further active compound (component 3), for example two different active compounds from groups A) to I). Here, the weight ratio of compound I to the 1st further active compound (component 2) depends on the properties of the active compounds in question; preferably, it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1. A weight ratio of 1:3 to 3:1 may also be advantageous. The weight ratio of compound I to the 2nd further active compound (component 3) is preferably in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1. A weight ratio of 1:3 to 3:1 may also be advantageous. The weight ratio of 1st further active compound (component 2) to the 2nd further active compound (component 3) is preferably in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1. A weight ratio of 1:3 to 3:1 may also be advantageous.
The components of the composition according to the invention can be packaged and used individually or as a ready-mix or as a kit of parts.
In one embodiment of the invention, the kits may comprise one or more, and even all, components which may be used for preparing an agrochemical composition according to the invention. For example, these kits may comprise one or more fungicide components and/or an adjuvant component and/or an insecticide component and/or a growth regulator component and/or a herbicide. One or more components may be present combined or preformulated with one another. In the embodiments where more than two components are provided in a kit, the components can be present combined with one another and packaged in a single container, such as a vessel, a bottle, a tin, a bag, a sack or a canister. In other embodiments, two or more components of a kit may be packaged separately, i.e. not preformulated or mixed. Kits may comprise one or more separate containers, such as vessels, bottles, tins, bags, sacks or canisters, each container comprising a separate component of the agrochemical composition. The components of the composition according to the invention can be packaged and used individually or as a ready-mix or as a kit of parts. In both forms, a component may be used separately or together with the other components or as a part of a kit of parts according to the invention for preparing the mixture according to the invention.
The user uses the composition according to the invention usually for use in a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank or a spray plane. Here, the agrochemical composition is diluted with water and/or buffer to the desired application concentration, with further auxiliaries optionally being added, thus giving the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention. Usually, from 50 to 500 liters of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural utilized area, preferably from 100 to 400 liters.
According to one embodiment, the user may himself mix individual components, such as, for example, parts of a kit or a two- or three-component mixture of the composition according to the invention in a spray tank and optionally add further auxiliaries (tank mix).
In a further embodiment, the user may mix both individual components of the composition according to the invention and partially pre-mixed components, for example components comprising compounds I and/or active compounds from groups A) to I), in a spray tank and optionally add further auxiliaries (tank mix).
In a further embodiment, the user may use both individual components of the composition according to the invention and partially pre-mixed components, for example components comprising compounds I and/or active compounds from groups A) to I), jointly (for example as a tank mix) or in succession.
The sulfur-containing triazole compounds I-1 to I-23 can be present in the “thiol” form of the formula Ia or in the “thiono” form of the formula Ib:
where # is the point of attachment to the radical of the molecule in question.
Here, for the sake of simplicity, only one of the two forms is shown in each case, in general the “thiol” form.
Owing to the basic character of their nitrogen atoms, the compounds I are capable of forming salts or adducts with inorganic or organic acids or with metal ions. This also applies to most of the precursors described herein of compounds I, the salts and adducts of which are also provided by the present invention.
Examples of inorganic acids are hydrohalic acids, such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid.
Suitable organic acids are, for example, formic acid and alkanoic acids, such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and propionic acid, and also glycolic acid, thiocyanic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid and other arylcarboxylic acids, cinnamic acid, oxalic acid, alkylsulfonic acids (sulfonic acids having straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals with 1 to 20 carbon atoms), arylsulfonic acids or aryldisulfonic acids (aromatic radicals, such as phenyl and naphthyl, which carry one or two sulfonic acid groups), alkylphosphonic acids (phosphonic acids having straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals with 1 to 20 carbon atoms), arylphosphonic acids or aryldiphosphonic acids (aromatic radicals, such as phenyl and naphthyl, which carry one or two phosphoric acid radicals), where the alkyl or aryl radicals may carry further substituents, for example p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, p-aminosalicylic acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid etc.
Suitable metal ions are in particular the ions of the elements of the second main group, in particular calcium and magnesium, of the third and fourth main groups, in particular aluminum, tin and lead, and also of the elements of transition groups one to eight, in particular chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and others. Particular preference is given to the metal ions of the elements of transition groups of the fourth period. The metals can be present in the various valencies that they can assume.
The compounds I contain centers of chirality, with the trans-configuration being preferred. The compounds I are generally obtained in the form of racemates or as diastereomer mixtures of erythro and threo forms. The erythro and threo diastereomers of the compounds according to the invention can be separated and isolated in pure form, for example, on the basis of their different solubilities or by column chromatography. Using known methods, such uniform pairs of diastereomers can be used to obtain uniform enantiomers. Suitable for use as antimicrobial agents are both the uniform diastereomers or enantiomers and mixtures thereof obtained in the synthesis. This applies correspondingly to the fungicidal compositions.
Accordingly, the invention provides both mixtures in which compound I is the pure enantiomers or diastereomers and mixtures thereof. This applies to the mixtures according to the invention of the compounds of the formula I. The scope of the present invention includes in particular the (R) and (S) isomer mixtures and the racemates of the compounds I which have centers of chirality. Suitable compounds I also comprise all possible stereoisomers (cis/trans isomers) and mixtures thereof.
PCT/EP2008/067483 for example describes processes for synthesizing triazole compounds having an SH group from the unsulfurized triazole compounds (skeleton). (Skeleton of the compounds of the formula I according to the invention) To this end, the sulfur-containing triazole compounds I-1 to I-23 (compounds I according to the invention) can be synthesized analogously thereto from their corresponding skeletons (the non-sulfur-containing triazole compounds).
The skeletons of the compounds of the formula I according to the invention can be prepared as described in WO9616048, DE19520095, WO9638423, WO9638424, WO9639395, WO9639394, WO9641798, WO9641804, WO9706151, WO9706152, WO9705119, or by various routes analogously to prior art processes known per se (see, for example, the prior art cited at the outset and Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer 57/2004, 2, pages 145-162).
According to the invention, the compounds I according to the invention (component 1 of the mixtures according to the invention) are selected from the following compounds:
The most preferred compounds of the formula I are the compounds below:
Some of the compounds I-1 to I-23 are novel. Thus, the invention provides the compounds I-1, I-2, I-8 and I-10 themselves and also their use for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and to preparations and compositions comprising them. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed comprising the compounds I-1, I-2, I-8 and/or I-10. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi wherein the fungi or the materials, plants, the soil or seed to be protected against fungal attack are treated with an effective amount of the compound I-1, I-2, I-8 and/or I-10.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) =
Melting points were recorded on a MeI-Temp II instrument and are uncorrected. 1H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AC 300 spectrometer at 300 MHz and are based on tetramethylsilane as internal standard (from Aldrich or Cambridge Isotope Laboratories).
ESI mass spectra were measured on a Shimadzu LCMS-2010 EV mass spectrometer.
APCI mass spectra were measured on a Shimadzu LCMS-2010 EV mass spectrometer.
HPLC analyses were carried out using an Alltech Alltima C18 rocket column with PDA detection at 254 nm on a Shimadzu Prominence HPLC system, unless indicated otherwise. At a flow rate of 2.5 ml per minute, the following time program was used:
the compound
The present invention provides mixtures of the compounds I-1, I-2, I-8 and/or I-10, in particular with the active compounds II stated as being preferred for component 2 and optionally component 3.
The present invention furthermore provides mixtures of the compounds I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 and/or I-23, in particular with the compounds II stated as being preferred for component 2 and optionally component 3.
Independently of one another, component 2 (and optional further component 3) are preferably selected as illustrated in the compositions below:
Preference is given to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with at least one active compound from group A) (component 2 and/or 3) of the strobilurins and in particular selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. According to aspecific embodiment of the invention, preference is given to compositions comprising a compound I (component 1), in particular a compound selected from the compounds I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 and I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 and I-10, and, as component 2, an active compound from group A) of the strobilurins, where component 2 is in particular selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. According to a specific aspect, these are binary mixtures which, as active compounds, in each case only comprise the two components. According to a further aspect, these mixtures comprise a further component (component 3) selected from group B) of the carboxamides, in particular selected from the group consisting of bixafen, boscalid, fluopyram, isopyrazam, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and penflufen.
Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with at least one active compound selected from group B) (component 2 and/or 3) of the carboxamides and particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of bixafen, boscalid, isopyrazam, fluopyram, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, fenhexamid, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ofurace, dimethomorph, flumorph, fluopicolide (picobenzamid), zoxamide, carpropamid, mandipropamid and N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10. Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component I) with at least one active compound selected from group C) (component 2 and/or 3) of the azoles and in particular selected from the group consisting of cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, cyazofamid, benomyl, carbendazim and ethaboxam. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component I) with at least one active compound selected from group D) (component 2 and/or 3) of the nitrogenous heterocyclyl compounds and in particular selected from the group consisting of fluazinam, cyprodinil, fenarimol, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, triforin, fludioxonil, fodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, iprodione, vinclozolin, famoxadone, fenamidone, probenazole, proquinazid, acibenzolar-S-methyl, captafol, folpet, fenoxanil, quinoxyfen and 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamine. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component I) with at least one active compound selected from group E) (component 2 and/or 3) of the carbamates and in particular selected from the group consisting of mancozeb, metiram, propineb, thiram, iprovalicarb, benthiavalicarb and propamocarb. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
Preference is also given to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with at least one active compound selected from the fungicides of group F) (component 2 and/or 3) and in particular selected from the group consisting of dithianon, fentin salts, such as fentin acetate, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, H3PO3 and salts thereof, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiophanatemethyl, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, sulfur, cymoxanil, metrafenone, spiroxamine and N-methyl-2-{1-[(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl]piperidin-4-yl}-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to one embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise a compound I (component 1) and a component 2, where component 2 is a G) growth regulator. In particular, component 2 is selected from the group consisting of chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), metconazole, paclobutrazole, prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium), trinexapac-ethyl and uniconazole. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to a further embodiment, the compositions according to the invention comprise a compound I (component 1) and a component 2, where component 2 is an insecticide selected from group I). According to a preferred embodiment, these are binary mixtures comprising as active compounds a component 1) and a component 2) selected from group I). According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to one aspect, the insecticide of component 2) is selected from the group of the organo(thio)phosphates, in particular selected from the group consisting of acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dimethoate, fenitrothion, methamidophos, methidathion, methyl-parathion, monocrotophos, phorate, profenofos and terbufos. According to a further aspect, the insecticide of component 2) is selected from the group of the carbamates, in particular selected from the group consisting of aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, methomyl and thiodicarb. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to yet a further aspect, the insecticide of component 2) is selected from the group of the pyrethroids, in particular selected from the group consisting of: bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, lambda-cyhalothrin and tefluthrin. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to yet a further aspect, the insecticide of component 2) is selected from the group of insect growth inhibitors, in particular selected from the group consisting of lufenuron and spirotetramate. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to yet a further aspect, the insecticide of component 2) is selected from the group of the nicotine receptor agonists/antagonists, in particular selected from the group consisting of: clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to yet a further aspect, the insecticide of component 2) is selected from the group of the GABA antagonists, in particular selected from the group consisting of: endosulfan and fipronil. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-1′4, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to yet a further embodiment, the insecticide of component 2) is selected from the group of the macrocyclic lactones, in particular selected from the group consisting of: abamectin, emamectin, spinosad and spinetoram. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to yet a further aspect, the insecticide of component 2) is hydramethylnon.
According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to yet a further aspect, the insecticide of component 2) is fenbutatin oxide. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to yet a further aspect, the insecticide of component 2) is selected from the group consisting of chlorfenapyr, Cyazypyr (HGW86), cyflumetofen, flonicamid, flubendiamide, indoxacarb and metaflumizone. According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to a further embodiment, the mixtures are ternary mixtures which, in addition to the components mentioned, comprise a component 3) selected from the active compounds II mentioned above of group I). According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
According to a further embodiment, the mixtures are ternary mixtures which, in addition to the two components mentioned, comprise a component 3) selected from the active compounds II of groups A) to G). According to one aspect, compound I is a compound I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-13, I-14, I-16, I-17, I-22 or I-23, specifically I-1, I-2, I-8 or I-10.
The active compounds II of group I) and their pesticidal action and processes for their preparation are known (see also http://www.hcIrss.demon.co.uk/index.html). Commercially available active compounds can be found, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 14th Edition, British Crop Protection Council (2006) and further publications. The compound BB) of group I)
having the IUPAC name [(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-(cyclopropanecarbonyloxy)-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12a,12b-decahydro-11H,12H-benzo[f]pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-4-yl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate and its pesticidal action are disclosed in WO2006/129714 and WO2009/081851.
In a preferred embodiment, the component 2 is a fungicide selected from groups A to F.
If a component 3 is present, it is furthermore in a preferred embodiment an independently selected fungicide selected from groups A to F. In a further preferred embodiment, components 2 and 3 are two fungicides selected from groups A to F.
Accordingly, the present invention furthermore relates to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with a further active compound (component 2), the latter being selected from rows A-1 to A-366 in the column “component 2” of Table B.
A further embodiment of the invention relates to the compositions A-1 to A-366 listed in Table B, where a row of Table B corresponds in each case to an agrochemical composition comprising one of the compounds of the formula I individualized in the present description (component 1) and the respective further active compound from the groups A) to I) (component 2) stated in the row in question. In the compositions described, the active compounds are in each case preferably present in synergistically effective amounts.
Particularly preferred components 2 are compounds II selected from the group of the following compounds:
Particularly preferred mixtures are the binary mixtures B-1 to B-667 of Table B, where each row corresponds to one aspect of the mixtures according to the invention.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the active compounds II as component 2) are those below:
According to yet a further embodiment of the invention, the active compounds II as component 2) are those below:
According to yet a further embodiment of the invention, the active compounds II as component 2) are those below:
According to yet a further embodiment of the invention, the active compound II as component 2) is the one below
Further preferred components 2 are compounds I selected from the group of the growth regulators G), in particular selected from the compounds below:
According to a further embodiment, particularly preferred components 2 are compounds II selected from group I), in particular selected from the compounds below:
According to a further embodiment, particularly preferred components 2 are compounds II selected from the group of the compounds below:
According to a further embodiment, particularly preferred components 2 are compounds II selected from the active compounds of group H). Especially preferably, the active compounds according to this embodiment are selected from the group of the following compounds of group H):
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to fungicidal mixtures comprising a component 1 (selected from I-1 to I-23) and component 2 (compound II) and a further component 3 (further component 3). Particularly preferred components 3 are in this case compounds II selected from the group of the following compounds:
More preferred mixtures are the ternary mixtures of Table T, where each row corresponds to one aspect of the mixtures according to the invention.
Moreover, the present invention furthermore relates to compositions of a compound I (component 1) with two further active compounds selected from the compounds II (component 2 and component 3). The present invention relates in particular to compositions of the mixtures, described as being preferred, of the compounds I and II with a further active compound II. Particular preference is given here to ternary mixtures.
A further embodiment of the invention relates to the compositions T-1 to T-348 listed in Table T, where a row of Table T corresponds in each case to an agrochemical composition comprising one of the mixtures, individualized in the present description, of the compounds of the formula I and the compounds II (components 1 and 2) and the respective further active compound from the groups A) to I) (component 3) stated in the row in question. In the compositions described, the active compounds are in each case preferably present in synergistically effective amounts.
The invention relates in particular to the compositions of the mixtures B-1 to B-667 with a further compound II selected from rows T-1 to T-348 in the column “Component 3” of Table T, particularly preferably selected from the compounds II-1 to II-29. In each case, components 2 and 3 must not be identical.
According to a further embodiment, preference is given to mixtures comprising a component 1, a component 2 and a component 3, where preference is given in particular to those mixtures in which component 2 is a compound II selected from the group of the compounds II-1,to II-29, II-34, II-46 to II-51, II-56 and II-57 (see above), and component 3 is a compound II selected from the compounds
According to yet a further embodiment, preference is given to those mixtures which comprise a component 1, a component 2 and a component 3, where preference is given in particular to those mixtures in which component 2 is a compound II selected from the group of the compounds II-1 to II-29, II-46 to II-48, II-49 to II-51 and II-52 to II-55 (see above) and component 3 is a compound II selected from the compounds
According to yet a further embodiment, preference is given to those mixtures which comprise a component 1, a component 2 and a component 3, where preference is given in particular to those mixtures in which component 2 is a compound II selected from the group of the following compounds:
According to yet a further embodiment, preference is given to those mixtures which comprise a component 1, a component 2 and a component 3, where preference is given in particular to those mixtures in which component 2 is a compound II selected from the group of the following compounds:
According to a further embodiment, preference is given to those ternary mixtures which comprise a component 1, a component 2 and a component 3, where preference is given in particular to those mixtures in which component 2 is a compound II selected from the group of the following compounds:
The mixtures of the compounds I and II (=mixtures according to the invention) I and the compositions thereof (=compositions according to the invention) are suitable as fungicides for controlling harmful fungi. They are distinguished by excellent activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi including soilborne pathogens which originate in particular from the classes of the Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some of them are systemically active and can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing and soil fungicides. In addition, they are suitable for controlling fungi which, inter alia, attack the wood or the roots of plants.
The mixtures according to the invention and the compositions according to the invention are of particular importance for the control of a large number of pathogenic fungi on various crop plants such as cereals, for example wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beets, for example sugar beets or fodder beets; pomaceous fruits, stone fruits and soft fruits, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, currants or gooseberries; leguminous plants, for example beans, lentils, peas, lucerne or soybeans; oil plants, for example oilseed rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa, castor beans, oil palms, peanuts or soybeans; cucurbits, for example pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fiber plants, for example cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruits, for example oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetable plants, for example spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage plants, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, pumpkins or bell peppers; laurel plants, for example avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, for example corn, soybeans, wheat, oilseed rape, sugar cane or oil palms; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; grapevines (grapes for eating and grapes for wine making); hops; grass, for example lawns; sweetleaf (Stevia rebaudania); rubber plants; ornamental and forest plants, for example flowers, shrubs, deciduous trees and coniferous trees, and also on the propagation material, for example seeds, and on the harvested products of these plants.
Preferably, the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are used for controlling a large number of fungal pathogens in agricultural crops, for example potatoes, sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, oilseed rape, leguminous plants, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruit plants, grapevines and ornamental plants and vegetable plants, for example cucumbers, tomatoes, beans and pumpkins and also on the propagation material, for example seeds, and the harvested products of these plants.
The term plant propagation materials comprises all generative parts of the plant, for example seeds, and vegetative plant parts, such as seedlings and tubers (for example potatoes) which can be utilized for propagating a plant. These include seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots and other plant parts including seedlings and young plants which are transplanted after germination or after emergence. The young plants can be protected by partial or complete treatment, for example by immersion or watering, against harmful fungi.
The treatment of plant propagation materials with mixtures or compositions according to the invention is used for controlling a large number of fungal pathogens in cereal crops, for example wheat, rye, barley or oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
The term crop plants also includes those plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering methods including the biotechnological agricultural products which are on the market or under development (see, for example, http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agri_products.asp). Genetically modified plants are plants whose genetic material has been modified in a manner which does not occur under natural conditions by crossing, mutations or by natural recombination (that is to say, a recombination of the genetic information). In general, one or more genes are integrated into the genetic material of the plant in order to improve the properties of the plant. Such modifications by genetic engineering include post-translational modifications of proteins, oligopeptides or polypeptides, for example by glycosylation or attachment of polymers such as, for example, prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated radicals or PEG radicals.
By way of example, mention may be made of plants which, by breeding and genetic engineering, have acquired tolerance to certain classes of herbicides, such as auxin herbicides such as, for example, dicamba or 2,4-D, bleacher herbicides such as hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, such as, for example, sulfonylureas, enolpyruvylshikimate 3 phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, such as, for example, glyphosate, glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, such as, for example, glufosinate, lipid biosynthesis inhibitors such as, for example, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, or oxynil herbicides (for example bromoxynil or ioxynil). Also generated were crop plants which, by virtue of a plurality of genetic engineering measures, are resistant to a plurality of herbicide classes, for example resistant to glyphosate and glufosinate, or to glyphosate and a herbicide of a different class such as, for example, ALS inhibitors, HPPD inhibitors, auxin herbicides and ACCase inhibitors. These herbicide resistance technologies are described, for example, in Pest Managem. Sci. 61, 2005, 246; 61, 2005, 258; 61, 2005, 277; 61, 2005, 269; 61, 2005, 286; 64, 2008, 326; 64, 2008, 332; Weed Sci. 57, 2009, 108; Austral. J. Agricult. Res. 58, 2007, 708; Science 316, 2007, 1185; and the references cited therein. Clearfield® oilseed rape (BASF SE, Germany), for example, which is tolerant to imidazolinones, for example imazamox, or ExpressSun® sunflowers (DuPont, USA), which are tolerant to sulfonylurea herbicides such as, for example, tribenuron, were generated by breeding and mutagenesis. With the aid of genetic engineering methods, crop plants such as soybeans, cotton, corn, beets and oilseed rape were generated which are resistant to glyphosate or glufosinate, and which are obtainable under the trade names RoundupReady® (glyphosate-resistant, Monsanto, U.S.A.), Cultivance® (imidazolinone-resistant, BASF SE, Germany) and Liberty Link® (glufosinate-resistant, Bayer CropScience, Germany).
Also included are plants which, owing to interventions by genetic engineering, produce one or more toxins, for example those of the bacterial strain Bacillus. Toxins which are produced by such genetically modified plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins of Bacillus spp., in particular B. thuringiensis, such as the endotoxins Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1, Cry9c, Cry34Ab1 or Cry35Ab1; or vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs), for example VIP1, VIP2, VIP3, or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of nematode-colonizing bacteria, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins of animal organisms, for example wasp, spider or scorpion toxins; fungal toxins, for example from Streptomycetes; plant lectins, for example from peas or barley; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, for example trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), for example ricin, corn-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid-metabolizing enzymes, for example 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP glycosyl transferase, cholesterol oxidase, ecdyson inhibitors, or HMG-CoA reductase; ion channel blockers, for example inhibitors of sodium channels or calcium channels; juvenile hormone esterase; receptors of the diuretic hormone (helicokinin receptors); stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases. In the plants, these toxins may also be produced as pretoxins, hybrid proteins or truncated or otherwise modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by a novel combination of different protein domains (see, for example, WO 2002/015701). Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants which produce these toxins are disclosed in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/18810 and WO 03/52073. The methods for producing these genetically modified plants are known to the person skilled in the art and disclosed, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Many of the toxins mentioned above bestow, upon the plants by which they are produced, tolerance to pests from all taxonomic classes of arthropods, in particular to beetles (Coeleropta), dipterans (Diptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda). Genetically modified plants which produce one or more genes coding for insecticidal toxins are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above, and some of them are commercially available, such as, for example, YieldGard® (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry1Ab), YieldGard® Plus (corn varieties which produce the toxins Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1), Starlink® (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry9c), Herculex® RW (corn varieties which produce the toxins Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1 and the enzyme phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase [PAT]); NuCOTN® 33B (cotton varieties which produce the toxin Cry1Ac), Bollgard® I (cotton varieties which produce the toxin Cry1Ac), Bollgard® II (cotton varieties which produce the toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2); VIPCOT® (cotton varieties which produce a VIP toxin); NewLeaf® (potato varieties which produce the toxin Cry3A); Bt-Xtra®, NatureGard®, KnockOut®, BiteGard®, Protecta®, Bt11 (for example Agrisure® CB) and Bt176 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry1Ab and the PAT enzyme), MIR604 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France (corn varieties which produce a modified version of the toxin Cry3A, see WO 03/018810), MON 863 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry3Bb1), IPC 531 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (cotton varieties which produce a modified version of the toxin Cry1Ac) and 1507 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Belgium (corn varieties which produce the toxin Cry1F and the PAT enzyme).
Also included are plants which, with the aid of genetic engineering, produce one or more proteins which have increased resistance to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens, such as, for example, pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins, see EP-A 0 392 225), resistance proteins (for example potato varieties producing two resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans from the wild Mexican potato Solanum bulbocastanum) or T4 lysozyme (for example potato varieties which, by producing this protein, are resistant to bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora).
Also included are plants whose productivity has been improved with the aid of genetic engineering methods, for example by enhancing the potential yield (for example biomass, grain yield, starch, oil or protein content), tolerance to drought, salt or other limiting environmental factors or resistance to pests and fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens.
Also included are plants whose ingredients have been modified with the aid of genetic engineering methods in particular for improving human or animal diet, for example by oil plants producing health-promoting long-chain omega 3 fatty acids or monounsaturated omega 9 fatty acids (for example Nexera® oilseed rape, DOW Agro Sciences, Canada).
Also included are plants which have been modified with the aid of genetic engineering methods for improving the production of raw materials, for example by increasing the amylopectin content of potatoes (Amflora® potato, BASF SE, Germany).
Specifically, the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamental plants, vegetable crops (for example A. candida) and sunflowers (for example A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (black spot disease, black blotch) on vegetables, oilseed rape (for example A. brassicola or A. brassicae), sugar beet (for example A. tenuis), fruit, rice, soybeans and also on potatoes (for example A. solani or A. alternata) and tomatoes (for example A. solani or A. alternata) and Alternaria spp. (black head) on wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, for example A. tritici (Ascochyta leaf blight) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.), for example leaf spot diseases (for example D. maydis and B. zeicola) on corn, for example glume blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals and for example B. oryzae on rice and on lawn; Blumeria (old name: Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals (for example wheat or barley); Botryosphaeria spp. (‘Black Dead Arm Disease’) on grapevines (for example B. obtusa); Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana: gray mold, gray rot) on soft fruit and pomaceous fruit (inter alia strawberries), vegetables (inter alia lettuce, carrots, celeriac and cabbage), oilseed rape, flowers, grapevines, forest crops and wheat (ear mold); Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (blue stain fungus) on deciduous trees and coniferous trees, for example C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spot) on corn (for example C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beets (for example C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (for example C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomato (for example C. fulvum: tomato leaf mold) and cereals, for example C. herbarum (ear rot) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helminthospodum or Bipolans) spp. (leaf spot) on corn (for example C. carbonum), cereals (for example C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana: glume blotch) and rice (for example C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae); Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnosis) on cotton (for example C. gossypii), corn (for example C. graminicola: stem rot and anthracnosis), soft fruit, potatoes (for example C. coccodes: wilt disease), beans (for example C. lindemuthianum) and soybeans (for example C. truncatum); Corticium spp., for example C. sasakii (sheath blight) on rice; Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spot) on soybeans and ornamental plants; Cycloconium spp., for example C. oleaginum on olive; Cylindrocarpon spp. (for example fruit tree cancer or black foot disease of grapevine, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, grapevines (for example C. liriodendri; teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri; ‘Black Foot Disease’) and many ornamental trees; Dematophora (Teleomorph: Rosellinia) necatrix (root/stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp. for example D. phaseolorum (stem disease) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (for example D. teres, net blotch) and on wheat (for example D. tritici-repentis: DTR leaf spot), rice and lawn; Esca disease (dieback of grapevine, apoplexia) on grapevines, caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (old name Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophlium and/or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruit (E. pyri) and soft fruit (E. veneta: anthracnosis) and also grapevines (E. ampelina: anthracnosis); Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (black head) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beet (E. betae), vegetables (for example E. pisi), such as cucumber species (for example E. cichoracearum) and cabbage species, such as oilseed rape (for example E. cruciferarum); Eutypa lata (Eutypa cancer or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn. Libertella blepharis) on fruit trees, grapevines and many ornamental trees; Exserohilum (syn. Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (for example E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt disease, root and stem rot) on various plants, such as for example F. graminearum or F. culmorum (root rot and silver-top) on cereals (for example wheat or barley), F. oxysporum on tomatoes, F. solani on soybeans and F. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all) on cereals (for example wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (for example G. zeae) and rice (for example G. fujikuroi: bakanae disease); Glomerella cingulata on grapevines, pomaceous fruit and other plants and G. gossypii on cotton; grainstaining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on grapevines; Gymnosporangium spp. on Rosaceae and juniper, for example G. sabinae (pear rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., for example H. vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis) on grapevines; Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseoli) (root/stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (for example wheat or barley); Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) on soybeans; Monilinia spp., for example M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (blossom and twig blight) on stone fruit and other Rosaceae; Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruit and peanuts, such as for example M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria leaf blotch) on wheat or M. fijiensis (sigatoka disease) on bananas; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (for example P. brassicae), oilseed rape (for example P. parasitica), bulbous plants (for example P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina) and soybeans (for example P. manshurica); Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) on soybeans; Phialophora spp., for example on grapevines (for example P. tracheiphila and P. tetraspora) and soybeans (for example P. gregata: stem disease); Phoma lingam (root and stem rot) on oilseed rape and cabbage and P. betae (leaf spot) on sugar beets; Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers, grapevines (for example P. viticola: dead-arm disease) and soybeans (for example stem canker/stem blight: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum); Physoderma maydis (brown spot) on corn; Phytophthora spp. (wilt disease, root, leaf, stem and fruit rot) on various plants, such as on bell peppers and cucumber species (for example P. capsici), soybeans (for example P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (for example P. infestans: late blight and brown rot) and deciduous trees (for example P. ramorum: sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora brassicae (club-root) on cabbage, oilseed rape, radish and other plants; Plasmopara spp., for example P. viticola (peronospora of grapevines, downy mildew) on grapevines and P. halstedii on sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on Rosaceae, hops, pomaceous fruit and soft fruit, for example P. leucotricha on apple; Polymyxa spp., for example on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beets (P. betae) and the viral diseases transmitted thereby; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (eyespot/stem break, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals, for example wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, for example P. cubensis on cucumber species or P. humili on hops; Pseudopezicula tracheiphila (angular leaf scorch, anamorph: Phialophora) on grapevines; Puccinia spp. (rust disease) on various plants, for example P. triticina (brown rust of wheat), P. striiformis (yellow rust), P. hordei (dwarf leaf rust), P. graminis (black rust) or P. recondita (brown rust of rye) on cereals, such as for example wheat, barley or rye, P. kuehnii on sugar cane and, for example, P. asparagi on asparagus; Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (speckled leaf blotch) on wheat or P. teres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., for example P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on lawn and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off disease) on lawn, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, oilseed rape, sunflowers, sugar beets, vegetables and other plants (for example P. ultimum or P. aphanidermatum); Ramulana spp., for example R. collo-cygni (Ramularia leaf and lawn spot/physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, lawn, corn, oilseed rape, potatoes, sugar beet, vegetables and on various other plants, for example R. solani (root and stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R. cerealis (sharp eyespot) on wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer (soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, grapevines and tomato; Rhynchosporium secalis (leaf spot) on barley, rye and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem or white rot) on vegetable and field crops, such as oilseed rape, sunflowers (for example Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and soybeans (for example S. rolfsii); Septoria spp. on various plants, for example S. glycines (leaf spot) on soybeans, S. tritici(Septoria leaf blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (leaf blotch and glume blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator(powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on grapevines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf spot) on corn (for example S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporium turcicum) and lawn; Sphacelotheca spp. (head smut) on corn, (for example S. reiliana: kernel smut), millet and sugar cane; Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucumber species; Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and the viral diseases transmitted thereby; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, for example S. nodorum (leaf blotch and glume blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., for example T. deformans (curly-leaf disease) on peach and T. pruni (plum-pocket disease) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruit, vegetable crops, soybeans and cotton, for example T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (bunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as for example T. tritici (syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa (dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhula incarnata (gray snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., for example U. occulta (flag smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetable plants, such as beans (for example U. appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (for example U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose smut) on cereals (for example U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (for example U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Ventuna spp. (scab) on apples (for example V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (leaf and shoot wilt) on various plants, such as fruit trees and ornamental trees, grapevines, soft fruit, vegetable and field crops, such as for example V. dahliae on strawberries, oilseed rape, potatoes and tomatoes.
Moreover, the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of stored products (and of harvested products) and in the protection of materials and buildings. The term “protection of materials and buildings” encompasses the protection of industrial and non-living materials such as, for example, adhesives, glues, wood, paper and cardboard, textiles, leather, paint dispersions, plastic, cooling lubricants, fibers and tissues, against attack and destruction by unwanted microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. In the protection of wood and materials, particular attention is paid to the following harmful fungi: Ascomycetes, such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.; Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Deuteromycetes such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Alternana spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes such as Mucor spp., and in addition in the protection of materials to the following yeast fungi: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
The compounds of the formula I, and also those of the formula II, may be present in various crystal modifications which may differ in their biological activity. Their mixtures are included in the scope of the present invention.
The mixtures and compositions according to the invention are suitable for improving plant health. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for improving plant health by treating the plants, the plant propagation material and/or the site at which the plants grow or are intended to grow with an effective amount of the compounds I or the compositions according to the invention.
The term “plant health” comprises those states of a plant and/or its harvested material which are determined by various indicators individually or in combination, such as, for example, yield (for example increased biomass and/or increased content of utilizable ingredients), plant vitality (for example increased plant growth and/or greener leaves (“greening effect”)), quality (for example increased content or composition of certain ingredients) and tolerance to biotic and/or abiotic stress. The indicators mentioned here for a state of plant health may occur independently of one another or may influence each other.
The mixtures according to the invention are employed as such or in the form of a composition by treating the harmful fungi, their habitat or the plants or plant propagation materials, for example seeds, the soil, areas, materials or spaces to be protected from fungal attack, with a fungicidally effective amount of the mixture according to the invention. The application can be carried out both before and after the infection of the plants, plant propagation materials, for example seeds, the soil, the areas, materials or spaces by the fungi.
Plant propagation materials can be treated prophylactically during or even before sowing or during or even before transplanting with the mixtures according to the invention or a composition thereof (a composition comprising at least one compound I and at least one compound II, preferably one or two compounds II).
The invention furthermore relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a solvent or solid carrier and the mixture according to the invention, and also to their use for controlling harmful fungi.
In this context, the term “preparation” often has the same meaning as “composition”, in particular “agrochemical composition”, and “formulation”.
An agrochemical composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of the mixture according to the invention. The term “effective amount” refers to an amount of the agrochemical composition or of the mixture according to the invention which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on crop plants or in the protection of materials and buildings and does not cause any significant damage to the treated crop plants. Such an amount may vary within a wide range and is influenced by numerous factors, such as, for example, the harmful fungus to be controlled, the respective crop plant or materials treated, the climatic conditions and compounds.
The compounds I and the one or more compounds II can be applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession, the order, in the case of separate application, generally not having any effect on the control results. The method for controlling harmful fungi is carried out by separate or joint application of the compound I and the compound(s) II or of mixtures of the compound I and the compound(s) II by spraying or dusting the seed, the plants or the soil before or after sowing of the plants or before or after emergence of the plants.
The compounds I and II may be present in a joint composition or in separate compositions. Here, type and preparation of the composition in question corresponds to type and preparation as described here in a general manner for compositions.
The compounds I and the compounds II, and also their N-oxides and salts and their mixtures, can be converted into the types customary for agrochemical compositions, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The type of composition depends on the respective intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and even distribution of the compounds of the mixtures according to the invention.
Here, examples of types of compositions are suspensions (SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW, EO, ES), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (WP, SP, SS, WS, DP, DS) or granules (GR, FG, GG, MG) which may either be water-soluble or -dispersible (wettable), and also gels for treating plant propagation materials such as seed (GF).
In general, the composition types (for example EC, SC, OD, FS, WG, SG, WP, SP, SS, WS, GF) are used in diluted form. Composition types such as DP, DS, GR, FG, GG and MG are generally employed in undiluted form.
The agrochemical compositions are prepared in a known manner (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning, “Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, 8-57 and ff., WO 91/13546, U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,714, U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,050, U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,442, U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,587, U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,701, U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, U.S. Pat. No. 3,299,566, Klingman: Weed Control as a Science (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1961), Hance et al.: Weed Control Handbook (8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989) and Mollet, H. and Grubemann, A.: Formulation technology (Wiley VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2001).
The agrochemical compositions may furthermore also comprise auxiliaries customary for crop protection compositions, the selection of the auxiliaries depending on the specific use form or the active compound.
Examples of suitable auxiliaries are solvents, solid carriers, surfactants (such as further solubilizers, protective colloids, wetting agents and tackifiers), organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoams, optionally colorants and adhesives (for example for the treatment of seed).
Suitable solvents are water, organic solvents, such as mineral oil fractions having a medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene and diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils, and also oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example paraffins, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and derivatives thereof, alkylated benzenes and derivatives thereof, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, glycols, ketones, such as cyclohexanone, gamma-butyrolactone, dimethyl fatty amides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters and strongly polar solvents, for example amines, such as N-methylpyrrolidone. In principle, it is also possible to use solvent mixtures, and also mixtures of the solvents mentioned above and water.
Solid carriers are mineral earths such as silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cornmeal, bark dust, sawdust, nutshell meal, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.
Suitable surfactants (adjuvants, wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers) are the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, for example of lignosulfonic acid (Borresperse® types, Borregaard, Norway), phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid (Morwet® types, Akzo Nobel, USA) and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (Nekal® types, BASF, Germany), and also of fatty acids, alkyl- and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates, and also salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols, and also of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of the naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol or nonylphenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ether, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetate, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors, and also proteins, denatured proteins, polysaccharides (for example methylcellulose), hydrophobically modified starches, polyvinyl alcohol (Mowiol® types, Clariant, Switzerland), polycarboxylates (Sokalan® types, BASF, Germany), polyalkbxylates, polyvinylamine (Lupamin® types, BASF, Germany), polyethyleneimine (Lupasol® types, BASF, Germany), polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers thereof.
Examples of thickeners (i.e. compounds which impart modified flow properties to the composition, i.e. high viscosity in the state of rest and low viscosity in motion) are polysaccharides and also organic and inorganic sheet minerals, such as xanthan gum (Kelzan®, CP Kelco, USA), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhodia, France) or Veegum® (R.T. Vanderbilt, USA) or Attaclay® (Engelhard Corp., NJ, USA).
Bactericides can be added for stabilizing the composition. Examples of bactericides are bactericides based on dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal (Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas), and also isothiazolinone derivatives, such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones (Acticide® MBS from Thor Chemie).
Examples of suitable antifreeze agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerol.
Examples of antifoams are silicone emulsions (such as, for example, Silikon® SRE, Wacker, Germany or Rhodorsil®, Rhodia, France), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.
Examples of colors are both pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, and dyes, which are soluble in water. Examples which may be mentioned are the dyes and pigments known under the names Rhodamin B, C. I. Pigment Red 112 and C. I. Solvent Red 1, Pigment blue 15:4, Pigment blue 15:3, Pigment blue 15:2, Pigment blue 15:1, Pigment blue 80, Pigment yellow 1, Pigment yellow 13, Pigment red 48:2, Pigment red 48:1, Pigment red 57:1, Pigment red 53:1, Pigment orange 43, Pigment orange 34, Pigment orange 5, Pigment green 36, Pigment green 7, Pigment white 6, Pigment brown 25, Basic violet 10, Basic violet 49, Acid red 51, Acid red 52, Acid red 14, Acid blue 9, Acid yellow 23, Basic red 10, Basic red 108.
Examples of adhesives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ether (Tylose®, Shin-Etsu, Japan).
Suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable solutions, emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, strongly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.
Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the compounds I and the further active compounds II with at least one solid carrier.
Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to at least one solid carrier. Solid carriers are, for example, mineral earths, such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic substances, fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, sawdust and nutshell meal, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.
The following are examples of types of composition:
1. Types of Composition for Dilution with Water
i) Water-Soluble Concentrates (SL, LS)
10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved with 90 parts by weight of water or with a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, welters or other auxiliaries are added. The active compound dissolves upon dilution with water. This gives a composition having an active compound content of 10% by weight.
ii) Dispersible Concentrates (DC)
20 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. The active compound content is 20% by weight.
iii) Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)
15 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 75 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active compound content of 15% by weight.
iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
25 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). This mixture is added to 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifying machine (e.g. Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active compound content of 25% by weight.
v) Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of the active compounds are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent to give a fine active compound suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active compound. The active compound content in the composition is 20% by weight.
vi) Water-Dispersible Granules and Water-Soluble Granules (WG, SG)
50 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and made into water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound. The composition has an active compound content of 50% by weight.
vii) Water-Dispersible Powders and Water-Soluble Powders (WP, SP, SS, WS)
75 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetters and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound. The active compound content of the composition is 75% by weight.
viii) Gels (GF)
20 parts by weight of the active compounds, 10 parts by weight of dispersant, 1 part by weight of gelling agent and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent are ground in a ball mill to give a fine suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension with an active compound content of 20% by weight.
ix) Dusts (DP, DS)
5 parts by weight of the active compounds are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable product with an active compound content of 5% by weight.
x) Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)
0.5 part by weight of the active compounds is ground finely and associated with 99.5 parts by weight of carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules with an active compound content of 0.5% by weight to be applied undiluted.
xi) ULV Solutions (UL)
10 parts by weight of the active compounds are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of an organic solvent, for example xylene. This gives a composition with an active compound content of 10% by weight to be applied undiluted.
In general, the compositions of the mixtures according to the invention comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the compounds I and II or their mixtures. The compounds I and II are preferably employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (NMR spectrum).
Water-soluble concentrates (LS), suspensions (FS), dusts (DS), water-dispersible and water-soluble powders (WS, SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually used for the treatment of plant propagation materials, in particular seed. These compositions can be applied to the propagation materials, in particular seed, in undiluted or, preferably, diluted form. In this case, the corresponding composition can be diluted 2 to 10 times so that in the compositions used for the seed dressing from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight of active compound are present. The application can be carried out before or during sowing. The treatment of plant propagation material, in particular the treatment of seed, is known to the person skilled in the art and is carried out by dusting, coating, pelleting, dipping or drenching the plant propagation material, the treatment preferably being carried out by pelleting, coating and dusting or by furrow treatment, such that, for example, premature germination of the seed is prevented.
For seed treatment, preference is given to using suspensions. Such compositions usually comprise from 1 to 800 g of active compound/I, from 1 to 200 g of surfactants/I, from 0 to 200 g of antifreeze agents/I, from 0 to 400 g of binders/I, from 0 to 200 g of colorants/I and solvents, preferably water.
The compounds I and II or their mixtures can be used as such or in the form of their compositions, for example in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading, raking in, immersing or pouring. The types of composition depend entirely on the intended purposes; the intention is to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compounds or active compound mixtures according to the invention.
Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is also possible to prepare concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
The active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%, preferably from 0.01 to 1%.
The active compounds may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), by which it is possible to apply compositions comprising over 95% by weight of active compound, or even to apply the active compound without additives.
When used in crop protection, the application rates are from 0.001 to 2.0 kg of active compound per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, especially from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha, depending on the nature of the desired effect.
In the treatment of plant propagation materials, for example seed, the amounts of active compound (or amounts of active compound mixtures) used are generally from 0.1 to 1000 g/100 kg of propagation material or seed, preferably from 1 to 1000 g/100 kg, particularly preferably from 1 to 100 g/100 kg, especially from 5 to 100 g/100 kg.
When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the active compound or active compound mixture application rate depends on the kind of application area and on the desired effect. Amounts typically applied in the protection of materials are, for example, from 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably from 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active compound per cubic meter of treated material.
Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, bactericides, other fungicides and/or pesticides may be added to the active compounds or active compound mixtures or the compositions comprising them, optionally not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These compositions can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably from 1:10 to 10:1.
The following are particularly suitable as adjuvants in this context: organically modified polysiloxanes, for example Break Thru S 240®; alcohol alkoxylates, for example Atplus® 245, Atplus® MBA 1303, Plurafac® LF 300 and Lutensol® ON 30; EO-PO block polymers, for example Pluronic® RPE 2035 and Genapol® B; alcohol ethoxylates, for example Lutensol® XP 80; and sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, for example Leophen® RA.
The sulfur-containing triazole compounds I-1 to I-23 (compounds I according to the invention) can be synthesized from their corresponding skeletons (the non-sulfur-containing triazole compounds), as described in the documents cited in the description.
The fungicidal action of the mixtures according to the invention can be demonstrated by the following tests:
The active compounds were formulated separately or jointly as a stock solution having a concentration of 10 000 ppm in DMSO.
The active compound orysastrobin is used as a commercial formulation and, with respect to the active compound, diluted with water.
The determined values (measured parameters) for the percentage of infection on the leaves were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant and the fungus- and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the individual active compounds and were thus converted into efficacy % of the untreated control. An efficacy of 0 means the same degree of infection as in the untreated control; an efficacy of 100 means 0% infection. The expected efficacies for active compound combinations were determined using the Colby formula (Colby, S. R. “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations”, Weeds, 15, pp. 20-22, 1967) and compared to the observed efficacies.
The efficacy (E) is calculated as follows using Abbot's formula:
E=(1−α/β)·100
β corresponds to the fungal infection of the untreated (control) plants in %
At an efficacy of 0 the degree of infection of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; at an efficacy of 100 the treated plants are not infected.
The expected efficacies for active compound combinations were determined using the Colby formula (Colby, S. R. “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations”, Weeds, 15, pp. 20-22, 1967) and compared to the observed efficacies.
Colby's formula:
E=x+y−x·y/100
The active compounds were formulated separately or jointly as a stock solution having a concentration of 10 000 ppm in DMSO. The active compound orysastrobin is used as a commercial formulation and, with respect to the active compound, diluted with water.
The measured parameters were each compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant and the fungus- and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the individual active compounds. Initially, the mean value for the values determined for the relative growth in percent was determined, and this value was then converted into efficacies as % of the active compound-free control variant. An efficacy of 0 means the same degree of infection as in the active compound-free control variant; an efficacy of 100 means 0% infection. The expected efficacies for active compound combinations were determined using the Colby formula (Colby, S. R. “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations”, Weeds, 15, pp. 20-22, 1967) and compared to the observed efficacies.
The test results show that, by virtue of the synergism, the mixtures according to the invention are considerably more effective than had been calculated beforehand using Colby's formula.
The stock solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted to the stated active compound concentration with water. An aqueous pea juice-based zoospore suspension of Phytophthora infestans was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation.
The stock solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted to the stated active compound concentration with water. An aqueous malt-based spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation.
The stock solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted to the stated active compound concentration with water. An aqueous malt-based spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation.
The stock solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted to the stated active compound concentration with water. An aqueous malt-based spore suspension of Septoria tritici was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation.
The stock solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted to the stated active compound concentration with water. An aqueous mold-based spore suspension of Fusarium culmorum was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18° C. Using an absorbtion photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation. The test results show that, by virtue of the synergism, the mixtures according to the invention are considerably more effective than had been calculated beforehand using Colby's formula.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 09163125.9 | Jun 2009 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2010/058227 | 6/11/2010 | WO | 00 | 12/14/2011 |
