Fungicidal N-pyridinylamide derivatives

p This invention relates to fungicidal pyridine derivatives.
Benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides such as Benomyl (methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate), Fubelidazol (2-(2-furyl)benzimidazole), Thiabendazole (2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole), Carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate), Thiophanate-methyl (1,2-bis(3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido)benzene), Thiophanate (1,2-bis(3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido)benzene), 2-(O,S-dimethylphosphorylamino)-1-(3'-methoxycarbonyl-2'-thioureido)benzene and 2-(O,O-dimethylthiophosphorylamino)-1-(3'-methoxycarbonyl-2'-thioureido)benzene are known to show an excellent fungicidal activity against various plant pathogenic fungi, and they have been widely used as agricultural fungicides since 1970. However, their continuous application over a long period of time provides phytopathogenic fungi with tolerance to them, whereby their plant disease-preventive effect is much lowered. Further, the fungi which gained tolerance to certain kinds of benzimidazole or thiophanate fungicides also show considerable tolerance to some other kinds of benzimidazole or thiophanate fungicides. Thus, they are apt to obtain cross-tolerance. Therefore, if any material decrease of their plant disease-preventive effect in certain fields is observed, their application to such fields has to be discontinued. But, it is often observed that the density of drug-resistant organisms is not decreased even long after the discontinuation of the application. Although other kinds of fungicides have to be employed in such case, only few are so effective as benzimidazole or thiophanate fungicides in controlling various phytopathogenic fungi. Benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides will be hereinafter referred to as "benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides".
Cyclic imide fungicides such as Procymidone (3-(3',5'-dichlorophenyl)-1,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboximide), Iprodione (3-(3',5'-dichlorophenyl)-1-isopropylcarbamoylimidazolidine-2,4-dione), Vinchlozolin (3-(3',5'-(dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-vinyloxazolidin-2,4-dione), ethyl (RS)-3-(3',5'-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dioxooxazolidine-5-carboxylate, etc., which are effective against various plant diseases, particularly those caused by Botrytis cinerea, have the same defects as previously explained with respect to the benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides.
In C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris, t. 289, S'erie D, pages 691-693 (1979), it is described that such herbicides as Barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate), Chlorobufam (1-methyl-2-propynyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate), Chlorpropham (isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate) and Propham (isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate) exhibit a fungicidal activity against certain organisms tolerant to some of benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides. However, their fungicidal activity against the drug-resistant fungi is not strong enough, and hence, practically they can not be used as fungicides.
As a result of the study seeking a new type of fungicides, it has now been found that pyridine derivatives of the formula: ##STR2## wherein either one of X and Y is a methine group and the other is a nitrogen atom;
R.sub.1 is a halogen atom or a group of the formula: --WR.sub.3 or --NHCOOR.sub.4 (in which W is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkynyl group, a lower haloalkyl group or a lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl group and R.sub.4 is a lower alkyl group);
R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkynyl group, a lower haloalkyl group or a lower alkoxy(lower)alkyl group;
Z is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkynyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl group or a group of the formula: --COR.sub.5 or --SR.sub.6 (in which R.sub.5 is a lower alkyl group, a cyclo(lower)alkyl group or a phenyl group and R.sub.6 is a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group or a lower alkoxycarbonyl group);
A is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and
B is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a cyclo(lower)alkyl group, a phenyl group or a group of the formula: --W'R.sub.7 (in which W' is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and R.sub.7 is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkynyl group, a halo(lower)alkenyl group, a halo(lower)alkynyl group, a cyclo(lower)alkyl group, a phenyl group optionally substituted with halogen or a lower alkyl group substituted with at least one member selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, phenyl, cyclo(lower)alkyl or lower alkoxy),
show an excellent fungicidal activity against plant pathogenic fungi which have developed resistance to benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides and/or cyclic imide fungicides. It is notable that their fungicidal potency against the organisms tolerant to benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides and/or cyclic imide fungicides (hereinafter referred to as "drug-resistant fungi" or "drug-resistant strains") is much higher than that against the organisms sensitive to benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides and/or cyclic imide fungicides (hereinafter referred to as "drug-sensitive fungi" or "drug-sensitive strains").
The term "lower" used hereinabove and hereinafter in connection with organic radicals or compounds indicates that such radicals or compounds each have not more than 6 carbon atoms.
Typical examples of the pyridine derivatives (I) are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR3##R.sub.1 R.sub.2 X Y Z A B__________________________________________________________________________Br C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OCH.sub.3Br C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OCH.sub.3OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OC.sub.2 H.sub.5SC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7NHCOOCH.sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 N CH H O OCH.sub.3OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR4##OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O SC.sub.2 H.sub.5OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OCH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2SCH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 CCH CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 F CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OCH.sub.2 CCH C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Cl C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N CH.sub.3 O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub. 5 CH N CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N CH.sub.2 CCH O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N ##STR5## O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N ##STR6## O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N ##STR7## O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N ##STR8## O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N SCH.sub.3 O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N ##STR9## O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N SCOOC.sub. 2 H.sub.5 O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H S O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR10##OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O CHCHCH.sub.3OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR11##OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR12##OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR13##OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OCH.sub.2 CHCHCH.sub.2 ClOC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OCH.sub.2 CCCH.sub.2 ClOC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR14##OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR15##OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR16##OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CNOC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR17##OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR18##__________________________________________________________________________
The compounds of the formula (I) are fungicidally effective against a wide scope of plant pathogenic fungi, of which examples are as follows: Podosphaera leucotricha, Venturia inaequalis, Mycosphaerella pomi, Marssonina mali and Sclerotinia mali of apple, Phyllactinia kakicola and Gloeosporium kaki of persimmon, Cladosporium carpophilum and Phomopsis sp. of peach, Cercospora viticola, Uncinula necator, Elsinoe ampelina and Glomerella cingulata of grape, Cercospora beticola of sugarbeet, Cercospora arachidicola and Cercospora personata of peanut, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, Cercosporella herpotrichoides and Fusarium nivale of barley, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici of wheat, Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Cladosporium cucumerinum of cucumber, Cladosporium fulvum of tomato, Corynespora melongenae of eggplant, Sphaerotheca humuli, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae of strawberry, Botrytis alli of onion, Cercospora apii of cerely, Phaeoisariopsis griseola of kidney bean, Erysiphe cichoracearum of tobacco, Diplocarpon rosae of rose, Elsinoe fawcetti, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum of orange, Botrytis cinerea of cucumber, eggplant, tomato, strawberry, pimiento, onion, lettuce, grape, orange, cyclamen, rose or hop, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of cucumber, eggplant, pimiento, lettuce, celery, kidney bean, soybean, azuki bean, potato or sunflower, Sclerotinia cinerea of peach or cherry, Mycosphaerella melonis of cucumber or melon, etc. Namely, the compounds of the formula (I) are highly effective in controlling the drug-resistant strains of said fungi.
The compounds of the formula (I) are also fungicidally effective against fungi sensitive to said known fungicides as well as fungi to which said known fungicides are ineffective. Examples of such fungi are Pyricularia oryzae, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Plasmopara viticola, Phytophthora infestans, etc.
Advantageously, the compounds of the formula (I) are low toxic and have little detrimental actions on mammals, fishes and so on. Also, they may be applied to the agricultural field without causing any material toxicity to important crop plants.
In view of their excellent fungicidal properties, particularly useful are the compounds of the formula (I) wherein X is a methine group, Y is a nitrogen atom, Z is a hydrogen atom, A is an oxygen atom, B is a lower alkyl group, a lower cycloalkyl group or a group of the formula: --WR.sub.3 (in which W is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl group or a lower alkenyl group), R.sub.1 is a lower alkoxy group and R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl group. More preferred are the compounds of the formula (I) wherein X is a methine group, Y is a nitrogen atom, Z is a hydrogen atom, A is an oxygen atom, B is an ethyl group, a cyclopropyl group, an ethylthio group or a group of the formula: --OR.sub.3 (in which R.sub.3 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group or an allyl group), R.sub.1 is an ethoxy group and R.sub.2 is an ethyl group.
The compounds (I) can be prepared by either one of the following procedures:
Procedure (a):
The compound (I) can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula: ##STR19## wherein X, Y, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and Z are each as defined above with a compound of the formula: ##STR20## wherein A and B are each as define above and R.sub.8 is a halogen atom.
The reaction is usually carried out in an inert solvent (e.g. water, benzene, toluene, xylene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide). The reaction may be performed in the existence of a base (e.g. pyridine, triethylamine, N,N-diethylaniline, sodium hydride, potassium hydroxide). If desired, a phase transfer catalyst (e.g. tetra-n-butylammonium bromide) can be used so as to obtain the compound (I) in a high yield. The reaction may be accomplished at a temperature of 0.degree. to 150.degree. C. within 10 hours.
The compound (II) wherein Z is a hydrogen atom can be obtained by reducing a compound of the formula: ##STR21## wherein X, Y, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each as defined above.
The reduction may be performed in an inert solvent (e.g. water, methanol, ethanol) using a reducing agent (e.g. sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide). The reaction may be accomplished at a temperature of 50.degree. C. to the boiling point of the solvent.
Alternatively, the reduction may be performed with a metal powder (e.g. iron powder, zinc powder, tin powder) in an aqueous organic or inorganic acid (e.g. acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid) at a temperature of 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. within about 12 hours.
The reduction may be also performed in an inert solvent (e.g. ethanol, ethyl acetate) in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. platinum oxide, palladium on carbon) in hydrogen stream under a pressure of 1 to 100 atm at a temperature of 0.degree. to 60.degree. C. within about 12 hours.
The compound (IV) is obtainable by a per se known method [Aust.J.Chem., 34, 927-932 (1981)].
The compound (II) wherein Z is other than a hydrogen atom can be obtained by reacting a compound of the formula: ##STR22## wherein X, Y, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each as defined above with a compound of the formula:
Z--G (VI)
wherein Z is as defined above and G is a leaving group such as halogen, tosyloxy or mesyloxy.
The reaction may be accomplished in an organic solvent (e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, benzene, ether) or in a two phase medium (e.g. water and toluene or benzene) using a base (e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine). If desired, any catalyst (e.g. tetra-n-butylammonium bromide) may be used in the reaction system to accelerate the reaction. The reaction usually proceeds at a temperature of 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. for a period of about 12 hours.
Procedure (b):
The compound (I) wherein Z is other than hydrogen may be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula: ##STR23## wherein X, Y, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, A and B are each as defined above with the compound (VI).
The reaction is performed in the presence of an organic solvent (e.g. N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran) with a base (e.g. sodium hydride, potassium hydroxide) at a temperature of 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. within about 12 hours. If desired, a phase transfer catalyst such as tetrabutylammonium bromide may be in the reaction system.
A typical example for preparation of the compound (I) is illustratively shown in the following Example.

EXAMPLE 1
2-Amino-5,6-diethoxypyridine (1.83 g) and N,N-diethylaniline (1.49 g) were dissolved in ethyl acetate (30 ml). To the resultant solution, there was dropwise added isopropyl chloroformate (1.23 g) in 5 minutes under ice-cooling. The resulting mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours, poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by basic alumina chromatography using a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate as an eluent to give 2-isopropyloxycarbonylamino-5,6,-diethoxypyridine (2.24 g) in a yield of 83.5%.
In the same manner as above, the compounds of the formula (I) as shown in Table 2 can be obtained.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR24## (I)Com-poundNo. R.sub.1 R.sub.2 X Y Z A B Physical constant__________________________________________________________________________1 Br C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OCH.sub.3 m.p., 157.5-158.5.degree. C.2 Br C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7 m.p., 95.5-96.5.degree. C.3 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OCH.sub.3 m.p., 111.5-112.5.degree. C.4 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 m.p., 85-86.degree. C.5 SC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7 NMR .delta. .sub.TMS.sup.CDCl.sub.3: 3.03 (q, 2H), 3.98 (q,2H), 4.94 (m, 1H), 6.90 (d,1H), 7.44 (d,1H)6 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O O(i)C.sub.3 H.sub.7 NMR .delta. .sub.TMS.sup.CDCl.sub.3: 4.08 (q,2H), 4.35 (q,2H), 5.00 (m, 1H), 7.10 (d,1H), 7.40 (d,1H)7 NHCOOCH.sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 N CH H O OCH.sub.3 m.p., 136.5-137.degree. C.8 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O C.sub.2 H.sub.5 NMR .delta. .sub.TMS.sup.CDCl.sub.3: 2.36 (q,2H), 4.00 (q,2H),4.30 (q, 2H), 7.05 (d,1H), 7.62 (d,1H)9 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O ##STR25## NMR .delta. .sub.TMS.sup.CDCl.sub.3: 0.60-1.20 (m,5H), 4.00 (q,2H), 4.32 (q,2H), 7.04 (d, 1H), 7.60 (d,1H)10 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O SC.sub.2 H.sub.5 NMR .delta. .sub.TMS.sup.CDCl.sub.3: 2.95 (q,2H), 4.00 (q,2H), 4.30 (q, 2H), 7.05 (q,1H), 7.40 (d,1H)11 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH N H O OCH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 NMR .delta. .sub.TMS.sup.CDCl.sub.3: 4.00 (q,2H), 4.30 (q,2H), 4.62 (d, 2H), 5.00-6.30 (m, 3H), 7.05 (d,1H) 7.35 (d,1H)__________________________________________________________________________
In the practical usage of the compounds (I) as fungicides, they may be applied as such or in a formulation form such as dusts, wettable powders, oil sprays, emulsifiable concentrates, tablets, granules, fine granules, aerosols or flowables. Such formulation form can be formulated in a conventional manner by mixing at least one of the compounds (I) with an appropriate solid or liquid carrier(s) or diluent(s) and, if necessary, an appropriate adjuvant(s) (e.g. surfactants, adherents, dispersants, stabilizers) for improving the dispersibility and other properties of the active ingredient.
Examples of the solid carriers or diluents are botanical materials (e.g. flour, tobacco stalk powder, soybean powder, walnut-shell powder, vegetable powder, saw dust, bran, bark powder, cellulose powder, vegetable extract residue), fibrous materials (e.g. paper, corrugated cardboard, old rags), synthetic plastic powders, clays (e.g. kaolin, bentonite, fuller's earth), talcs, other inorganic materials (e.g. pyrophyllite, sericite, pumice, sulfur powder, active carbon) and chemical fertilizers (e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride).
Examples of the liquid carriers or diluents are water, alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol), ketones (e.g. acetone, methylethylketone), ethers (e.g. diethyl ether, dioxane, cellosolve, tetrahydrofuran), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, methyl naphthalene), aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g. gasoline, kerosene, lamp oil), esters, nitriles, acid amides (e.g. dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide), halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride), etc.
Examples of the surfactants are alkyl sulfuric esters, alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, polyethylene glycol ethers, polyhydric alcohol esters, etc. Examples of the adherents and dispersants may include casein, gelatin, starch powder, carboxymethyl cellulose, gum arabic, alginic acid, lignin, bentonite, molasses, polyvinyl alcohol, pine oil and agar. As the stabilizers, there may be used PAP (isopropyl acid phosphate mixture), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), tolu oil, epoxydized oil, various surfactants, various fatty acids and their esters, etc.
The foregoing formulations generally contain at least one of the compounds (I) in a concentration of about 1 to 95% by weight, preferably of 2.0 to 80% by weight. By using the formulations, the compounds (I) are generally applied in such amounts as 2 to 100 g per 10 are.
When only the drug-resistant strains of phytopathogenic fungi are present, the compounds (I) may be used alone. However, when the drug-sensitive strains are present together with the drug-resistant strains, their alternate use with benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides and/or cyclic imide fungicides or their combined use with benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides and/or cyclic imide fungicides is favorable. In such alternate or combined use, each active ingredient may be employed as such or in conventional agricultural formulation forms. In case of the combined use, the weight proportion of the compound (I) and the benzimidazole thiophanate fungicide and/or the cyclic imide fungicide may be from about 1:0.1 to 1:10.0.
Typical examples of the benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides and the cyclic imide fungicides are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________Compound Structure Name__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR26## Methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)benz- imidazol-2-yl carbamateB ##STR27## 2-(4-Thiazolyl)benzimidazoleC ##STR28## Methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamateD ##STR29## 2-(2-Furyl)benzimidazoleE ##STR30## 1,2-Bis(3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thio- ureido)ben zeneF ##STR31## 1,2-Bis(3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-thio- ureido)benz eneG ##STR32## 2-(O,SDimethylphosphoryl- amino)-1-(3'-metho xycarbonyl- 2'-thioureido)benzeneH ##STR33## 2-(O,ODimethylthiophosphoryl- amino)-1-(3'-m ethoxycarbonyl- 2'-thioureido)benzeneI ##STR34## N(3',5'-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2- dimethylcyclopr opane-1,2-di- carboximideJ ##STR35## 3-(3',5'-Dichlorophenyl)-1-iso- propylcarbam oylimidazolidin- 2,4-dioneK ##STR36## 3-(3',5'-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5- vinyloxazolidin-2,4-dioneL ##STR37## Ethyl (RS)3-(3',5'-dichloro- phenyl)-5-methyl -2,4-dioxo- oxazolidine-5-carboxylate__________________________________________________________________________
Besides, the compounds (I) may be also used in admixture with other fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, fertilizers, etc.
When the compounds (I) are used as fungicides, they may be applied in such amounts as 2 to 100 grams per 10 ares. However, this amount may vary depending upon formulation forms, application times, application methods, application sites, diseases, crops and so on, and therefore, they are not limited to said particular amounts.
Some practical embodiments of the fungicidal composition according to the invention are illustratively shown in the following Examples wherein % and part(s) are by weight.
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 1
Two parts of Compound No. 6, 88 parts of clay and 10 parts of talc are thoroughly pulverized and mixed together to obtain a dust formulation containing 2% of the active ingredient.
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 2
Thirty parts of Compond No. 6, 45 parts of diatomaceous earth, 20 parts of white carbon, 3 parts of sodium laurylsulfate as a wetting agent and 2 parts of calcium ligninsulfonate as a dispersing agent are mixed while being powdered to obtain a wettable powder formulation containing 30% of the active ingredient.
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 3
Fifty parts of Compound No. 6, 45 parts of diatomaceous earth, 2.5 parts of calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate as a wetting agent and 2.5 parts of calcium ligninsulfonate as a dispersing agent are mixed while being powdered to obtain a wettable powder formulation containing 50% of the active ingredient.
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 4
Ten parts of Compound No. 6, 80 parts of cyclohexanone and 10 parts of polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether as an emulsifier are mixed together to obtain an emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing 10% of the active ingredient.
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 5
Eighty parts of Compound No. 6, 10 parts of cyclohexanone and 10 parts of polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether as an emulsifier are mixed together to obtain an emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing 80% of the active ingredient.
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 6
One part of Compound No. 3, 1 part of Compound I, 88 parts of clay and 10 parts of talc are thoroughly pulverized and mixed together to obtain a dust formulation containing 2 parts of the active ingredient.
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 7
Twenty parts of Compound No. 4, 10 parts of Compound J, 45 parts of diatomaceous earth, 20 parts of white carbon, 3 parts of sodium laurylsulfate as a wetting agent and 2 parts of calcium ligninsulfonate as a dispersing agent are mixed while being powdered to obtain a wettable powder composition containing 30% of the active ingredient.
Formulation Example 8
Ten parts of Compound No. 6, 40 parts of Compound A, 45 parts of diatomaceous earth, 2.5 parts of calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate as a wetting agent and 2.5 parts of calcium ligninsulfonate as a dispersing agent are mixed while being powdered to obtain a wettable powder composition containing 50 % of the active ingredient.
Formulation Example 9
Five parts of Compound No. 3, 5 parts of Compound F, 80 parts of cyclohexanone and 10 parts of polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether as an emulsifier are mixed together to obtain an emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing 10% of the active ingredient.
Typical test data indicating the excellent fungicidal activity of the compounds (I) are shown below. The compounds used for comparison are as follows:
______________________________________Compound Remarks______________________________________Swep Commercially available ##STR38## herbicideChlorpropham Commercially available ##STR39## herbicideBarban Commercially available ##STR40## herbicideCEPC Commercially available ##STR41## herbicidePropham Commercially available ##STR42## herbicideChlorbufam Commercially available ##STR43## herbicideBenomyl Commercially available ##STR44## fungicideThiophanate-methyl Commercially available ##STR45## fungicideCarbendazim Commercially available ##STR46## fungicideThiabendazole Commercially available ##STR47## fungicide______________________________________
Experiment 1
Protective activity test on powdery mildew of cucumber (Sphaerotheca fuliginea):
A flower pot of 90 ml volume was filed with sandy soil, and seeds of cucumber (var: Sagami-hanjiro) were sowed therein. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse for 8 days. Onto the resulting seedlings having cotyledons, the test compound formulated in emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder and diluted with water was sprayed at a rate of 10 ml per pot. Then, the seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of the drug-resistant or drug-sensitive strain of Sphaerotheca fuliginea by spraying and further cultivated in the greenhouse. Ten days thereafter, the infectious state of the plants was observed. The degree of damage was determined in the following manner, and the results are shown in Table 4.
The leaves examined were measured for a percentage of infected area and classified into the corresponding disease indices, 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4:
______________________________________Disease index Percentage of infected area______________________________________0 No infection0.5 Infected area of less than 5%1 Infected area of less than 20%2 Infected area of less than 50%4 Infected area of not less than 50%______________________________________
The disease severity was calculated according to the following equation ##EQU1##
The prevention value was calculated according to the following equation: ##EQU2##
TABLE 4______________________________________ Prevention Prevention value when value when Concentration inoculated inoculated of active with drug- with drug-Compound ingredient resistant sensitiveNo. (ppm) strain (%) strain (%)______________________________________ 3 500 100 0 4 200 100 0 6 200 100 0Swep 200 0 0Chlorpropham 200 0 0Barban 200 25 0CEPC 200 0 0Propham 200 0 0Chlorbufam 200 0 0Benomyl 200 0 100Thiophanate- 200 0 100methylCarbendazim 200 0 100______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 4, the compounds (I) of the invention show an excellent preventive effect on the drug-resistant strain but do not show any preventive effect on the tested drug-sensitive strain To the contrary, commercially available known fungicides such as Benomyl, Thiophanate-methyl and Carbendazim show a notable controlling effect on the drug-sensitive strain but not on the drug-resistant strain. Other tested compounds structurally similar to the compounds (I) do not show any fungicidal activity on the drug-sensitive strain and the drug-resistant strain.
Experiment 2
Preventive effect on cercospora leaf spot of sugarbeet (Cercospora beticola):
A flower pot of 90 ml volume was filled with sandy soil, and seeds of sugarbeet (var: Detroit dark red) were sowed therein. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse for 20 days. Onto the resulting seedlings, the test compound formulated in emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder and diluted with water was sprayed at a rate of 10 ml per pot. Then, the seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of the drug-resistant or drug-sensitive strain of Cercospora beticola by spraying. The pot was covered with a polyvinyl chloride sheet to make a condition of high humidity, and cultivation was continued in the greenhouse for 10 days. The degree of damage was determined in the same manner as in Experiment 1, and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5______________________________________ Prevention Prevention value when value when Concentration inoculated inoculated of active with drug- with drug-Compound ingredient resistant sensitiveNo. (ppm) strain (%) strain (%)______________________________________ 3 500 100 0 4 500 100 0 6 500 100 0Swep 200 0 0Chlorpropham 200 0 0Barban 200 34 0CEPC 200 0 0Propham 200 0 0Chlorbufam 200 0 0Benomyl 200 0 100Thiophanate- 200 0 100methylCarbendazim 200 0 100______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 5, the compounds (I) of the invention show an excellent preventive effect on the drug-resistant strain but do not show any preventive effect on the tested drug-sensitive strain. To the contrary, commecially available known fungicides such as Benomyl and Thiophanate-methyl show a notable controlling effect on the drug-sensitive strain but not on the drug-resistant strain. Other tested compounds structurally similar to the compounds (I) do not show any fungicidal activity on the drug-sensitive strain and the drug-resistant strain.
Experiment 3
Preventive effect on scab of pear (Venturia nashicola):
A plastic pot of 90 ml volume was filled with sandy soil, and seeds of pear (var: Chojuro) were sowed therein. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse for 20 days. Onto the resulting seedlings, the test compound formulated in emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder and diluted with water was sprayed at a rate of 10 ml per pot. Then, the seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of the drug-resistant or drug-sensitive strain of Venturia nashicola by spraying. The resulting plants were placed at 20.degree. C. under a condition of high humidity for 3 days and then at 20.degree. C. under irradiation with a fluorescent lamp for 20 days. The degree of damage was determined in the same manner as in Experiment 1, and the results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6______________________________________ Prevention Prevention Concentration value when value when of active inoculated with inoculated withCompound ingredient drug-resistant drug-sensitiveNo. (ppm) strain (%) strain (%)______________________________________ 3 500 100 0 4 500 100 0 6 500 100 0Benomyl 200 0 100Thiophanate- 200 0 100methyl______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 6, the compounds (I) of the invention show an excellent preventive effect on the drug-resistant strain but do not show any preventive effect on the tested drug-sensitive strain. To the contrary, commercially available known fungicides such as Benomyl and Thiophanate-methyl show a notable controlling effect on the drug-sensitive strain but not on the drug-resistant strain.
Experiment 4
Preventive effect on brown leaf-spot of peanut (Cercospora arachidicola):
Plastic pots of 90 ml volume was filled with sandy soil, and seeds of peanut (var: Chiba hanryusei) were sowed therein. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse for 14 days. Onto the resulting seedlings, the test compound formulated in emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder and diluted with water was sprayed at a rate of 10 ml per pot. Then, the seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of the drug-sensitive strain of Cercospora arachidicola by spraying. The resulting plants were covered with a polyvinyl chloride sheet to make a condition of humidity and cultivated in the greenhouse for 10 days. The degree of damage was determined in the same manner as in Experiment 1, and the results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7______________________________________ Prevention Prevention Concentration value when value when of active inoculated with inoculated withCompound ingredient drug-resistant drug-sensitiveNo. (ppm) strain (%) strain (%)______________________________________ 6 500 100 0Benomyl 200 0 100Thiophanate- 200 0 100methyl______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 7, the compounds (I) of the invention show an excellent preventive effect on the drug-resistant strain but do not show any preventive effect on the tested drug-sensitive strain To the contrary, commercially available known fungicides such as Benomyl and Thiophanate-methyl show a notable controlling effect on the drug-sensitive strain but not on the drug-resistant strain.
Experiment 5
Preventive effect on gray mold of cucumber (Botrytis cinerea):
Plastic pots of 90 ml volume was filled with sandy soil, and seeds of cucumber (var: Sagami-hanjiro) were sowed therein. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse for 8 days to obtain cucumber seedlings expanding cotyle-dons. Onto the resulting seedlings, the test compound formulated in emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder and diluted with water was sprayed at a rate of 10 ml per pot. After air-drying, the seedlings were inoculated with mycelial disks (5 mm in diameter) of the drug-resistant or drug-sensitive strain of Botrytis cinerea by putting them on the leaf surfaces. After the plants were infected by incubating under high humidity at 20.degree. C. for 3 days, the rates of disease severity were observed. The degree of damage was determined in the same manner as in Experiment 1, and the results are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8______________________________________ Prevention Prevention Concentration value when value when of active inoculated with inoculated withCompound ingredient drug-resistant drug-sensitiveNo. (ppm) strain (%) strain (%)______________________________________ 3 500 100 0 4 500 100 0 5 500 100 0 6 500 100 0Benomyl 200 0 100Thiophanate- 200 0 100methyl______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 8, the compounds (I) of the invention show an excellent preventive effect on the drug-resistant strain but do not show any preventive effect on the tested drug-sensitive strain. To the contrary, commercially available known fungicides such as Benomyl and Thiophanate-methyl show a notable controlling effect on the drug-sensitive strain but not on the drug-resistant strain.
Experiment 6
Preventive effect on gummy stem blight of cucumber (Mycosphaerella melonis):
Plastic pots of 90 ml volume was filled with sandy soil, and seeds of cucumber (var: Sagami-hanjiro) were sowed therein. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse for 8 days to obtain cucumber seedlings expanding cotyledons. Onto the resulting seedlings, the test compound formulated in emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder and diluted with water was sprayed at a rate of 10 ml per pot. After air-drying, the seedlings were inoculated with mycelial disks (5 mm in diameter) of the drug-resistant or drug-sensitive strain of Mycosphaerella melonis by putting them on the leaf surfaces. After the plants were infected by incubating under high humidity at 25.degree. C. for 4 days, the rates of disease severity were observed. The degree of damage was determined in the same manner as in Experiment 1, and the results are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9______________________________________ Prevention Prevention Concentration value when value when of active inoculated with inoculated withCompound ingredient drug-resistant drug-sensitiveNo. (ppm) strain (%) strain (%)______________________________________ 3 500 100 0 4 500 100 0 6 500 100 0Benomyl 200 0 100Thiophanate- 200 0 100methyl______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 9, the compounds (I) of the invention show an excellent preventive effect on the drug-resistant strain but do not show any preventive effect on the tested drug-sensitive strain. To the contrary, commercially available known fungicides such as Benomyl and Thiophanate-methyl show a notable controlling effect on the drug-sensitive strain but not on the drug-resistant strain.
Experiment 7
Preventive effect on green mold of orange (Penicillium italicum): Fruits of orange (var: Unshu) were washed with water and dried in the air. The fruits were immersed in a solution of the test compound prepared by diluting an emulsifiable concentrate comprising the test compound with water for 1 minute. After drying in the air, the fruits were inoculated with a spore suspension of the drug-resistant or drug-sensitive strain of Penicillium italicum by spraying and placed in a room of high humidity for 14 days. The degree of damage was determined in the following manner:
The fruits examined were measured for a percentage of infected area and classified into the corresponding indices, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5:
______________________________________Disease index Percentage of infected area______________________________________0 No infection1 Infected area of less than 20%2 Infected area of less than 40%3 Infected area of less than 60%4 Infected area of less than 80%5 Infected area of not less than 80%______________________________________
Calculation of the degree of damage and the prevention value was made as in Experiment 1. The results are shown in Table 10.
TABLE 10______________________________________ Prevention Prevention Concentraton value when value when of active inoculated with inoculated withCompound ingredient drug-resistant drug-sensitiveNo. (ppm) strain (%) strain (%)______________________________________ 6 500 100 0Benomyl 200 0 100Thiophanate- 200 0 100methyl______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 10, the compounds (I) of the invention show an excellent preventive effect on the drug-resistant strain but do not show any preventive effect on the tested drug-sensitive strain. To the contrary, commercially available known fungicides such as Benomyl and Thiophanate-methyl show a notable controlling effect on the drug-sensitive strain but not on the drug-resistant strain.
Experiment 8
Phytotoxicity on crop plants:
Plastic pots of 150 ml volume were filled with sandy soil, and seeds of wheat (var: Norin No. 61), apple (var: Kogyoku) and peanut (var: Chiba hanryusei) were sowed therein. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse. Onto the resulting seedlings, the test compound formulated in emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder and diluted with water was sprayed. After cultivation in the greenhouse for additional 10 days, the phytotoxicity was examined on the following criteria:
______________________________________Extent Observation______________________________________- No abnormality+ Abnormality due to phytotoxicity observed in a part of crop plants++ Abnormality due to phytotoxicity observed in entire crop plants+++ Crop plants withered due to phytotoxicity______________________________________
The results are shown in Table 11.
TABLE 11______________________________________ ConcentrationCompound of active PhytotoxicityNo. ingredient (ppm) Wheat Apple Peanut______________________________________ 6 1000 - - -Barban 1000 - ++ ++CEPC 1000 - ++ ++Swep 1000 ++ ++ +______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 11, the compounds of the formula (I) of the invention produce no material phytotoxicity, while commercially available herbicides having a chemical structure similar thereto produce considerable phytotoxicity.
Experiment 9
Preventive effect on powdery mildew of cucumber (Sphaerotheca fuliginea):
A plastic pot of 90 ml volume was filled with sandy soil, and seeds of cucumber (var: Sagami-hanjiro) were sowed therein. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse for 8 days. Onto the resulting seedings having cotyledons, the test compound(s) formulated in emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder and diluted with water were sprayed at a rate of 10 ml per pot. Then, the seedlings were inoculated with a mixed spore suspension of the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strain of Spuhaerotheca fuliginea by spraying and further cultivated in the greenhouse. Ten days thereafter, the infectious state of the plants was observed. The degree of damage was determined in the same manner as in Experiment 1, and the results are shown in Table 12.
TABLE 12______________________________________ Concentration of active ingredient PreventionCompound No. (ppm) value (%)______________________________________3 100 383 20 04 100 424 20 06 100 406 20 0A 100 43A 20 10B 500 44B 100 8C 100 46C 20 10D 500 34D 100 0E 100 45E 20 8F 100 42F 20 8G 100 42G 20 10H 100 42H 20 83 + A 20 + 20 1003 + F 20 + 20 1004 + A 20 + 20 1004 + B 20 + 20 1004 + C 20 + 20 1004 + D 20 + 20 1004 + G 20 + 20 1004 + H 20 + 20 1006 + A 20 + 20 1006 + B 20 + 20 1006 + E 20 + 20 100______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 12, the combined use of the compounds (I) of the invention with benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides and/or cyclic imide fungicides show much more excellent preventive effect than their sole use.
Experiment 10 l
preventive effect on gray mold of tomato (Botrytis cinerea):
A plastic pot of 90 ml volume was filled with sandy soil, and seeds of tomato (var: Fukuju No. 2) were sowed therein. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse for 4 weeks. Onto the resulting seedlings at the 4-leaf stage, the test compound(s) formulated in emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder and diluted with water were sprayed at a rate of 10 ml per pot. Then, the seedlings were inoculated with a mixed spore suspension of the drug-resistant and drug sensitive strain of Botrytis cinerea by spraying and placed at 20.degree. C. in a room of high humidity for 5 days. The degree of damage was determined in the same manner as in Experiment 1, and the results are shown in Table 13.
TABLE 13______________________________________ Concentration of active ingredient PreventionCompound No. (ppm) value (%)______________________________________3 100 343 20 04 100 324 20 06 100 346 20 0I 100 48I 20 20J 500 44J 100 16K 100 40K 20 18L 500 42L 100 103 + I 10 + 20 1003 + J 10 + 20 1003 + K 10 + 20 1003 + L 10 + 20 1004 + I 10 + 20 1004 + K 10 + 20 1006 + I 10 + 20 1006 + L 10 + 20 100______________________________________
As understood from the results shown in Table 13, the combined use of the compounds (I) of the invention with benzimidazole or thiophanate fungicides and/or cyclic imide fungicides show much more excellent preventive effect than their sole use.

Number	Date	Country	Kind
60-17176	Jan 1985	JPX
60-20653	Feb 1985	JPX

Fungicidal N-pyridinylamide derivatives

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