Patent Application
20090117200
The invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a fungicide composition, which comprise a phosphorous acid derivative (phosphonate or phosphite derivative), a compound of the mandelamide type like mandipropamid and a further fungicide compound. Such combinations are very highly suitable for controlling phytopathogenic fungi.
It is already known that phosphonic acid and some of its derivatives (phosphonates), such as fosetyl-Al, have fungicidal properties. The activity of these compounds is not always adequate at certain application rates notably.
Further it is likewise known that some mandelamide type compounds like mandipropamid possess fungicidal properties. The activity of this compound is good, but in certain cases leave something to be desired at low application rates.
Since, moreover, the environmental and economic requirements imposed on modern-day fungicides are continually increasing, with regard, for example, to the spectrum of action, toxicity, selectivity, application rate, formation of residues, and favourable preparation ability, and since, furthermore, there may be problems, for example, with resistances, a constant task is to develop new fungicide agents which in some areas at least have advantages over their known counterparts.
The invention provides active compound compositions which in some aspects at least achieve the stated objectives.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a fungicide composition comprising:
Preferably, the present invention provides a fungicide composition comprising:
It has been found that the composition according to the invention exhibits very good fungicidal properties. The composition according to the invention possesses a broaden spectrum of activity compared to the existing or known fungicide compositions.
Surprisingly the fungicide activity of the composition according to the invention is substantially higher than the sum of the activities of the individual active compounds. In other words there is an unforeseeable, true synergistic effect and not merely an addition of activities.
The composition according to the invention can also provide an improved systemicity to the active compounds that are used. Indeed, even if some of the used fungicide compounds do not possess any or a satisfying systemicity, within the composition according to the invention these compounds can exhibit such a property.
In a similar manner, the composition according to the invention can allow an increased persistence of the fungicide efficacy of the active compounds that are employed.
Another advantage of the composition according to the invention relies in that an increased curativity is accessible.
Phosphonic acid is referred to in the literature, inter alia, as phosphorous acid (actually a tautomer of phosphonic acid, P(OH)3), and its salts, correspondingly, as (secondary) phosphites.
Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises fosetyl-Al or phosphorous acid as compound A. More preferably, fosetyl-Al is chosen as compound A in the composition according to the invention. The chemical name of fosetyl is ethyl hydrogen phosphonate.
Among the mandelamide type compounds according to the invention, the preferred compound is named mandipropamid. This compound has the following chemical name:
As a further preference, in the composition according to the invention, compound C can be selected in the list consisting of
More preferred fungicide compound C in the composition according to the invention can be selected in the list consisting of
Even more preferred fungicide compounds C in the composition according to the invention can be selected in the list consisting of
The preferred composition according to the invention comprises
The most preferred composition according to the invention combines fosetyl-Al, mandipropamid and folpet or mefenoxam.
As an alternative, the composition according to the invention comprises, as compound C, a bactericide mixing compound that may be selected in the following list: bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic acid, oxytetracycline, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulphate and other copper preparations.
A synergistic effect is particularly apparent when the active compounds are present in the composition according to the invention in defined weight ratios. The said weight ratios can be varied within a range. The weight ratios of the compounds A:B:C can be situated in the range 1:0.01:0.01 and 1:0.1:2. Preferably these weight ratios are situated within the range 1:0.01:0.01 and 1:0.1:0.01.
The fungicide composition according to the invention may further comprise an agriculturally acceptable support, carrier or filler.
According to the invention, the term “support” denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic compound with which the active compound of formula (I) is combined or associated to make it easier to apply, notably to the parts of the plant. This support is thus generally inert and should be agriculturally acceptable. The support may be a solid or a liquid. Examples of suitable supports include clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilisers, water, alcohols, in particular butanol, organic solvents, mineral and plant oils and derivatives thereof. Mixtures of such supports may also be used.
The composition according to the invention may also comprise additional components. In particular, the composition may further comprise a surfactant. The surfactant can be an emulsifier, a dispersing agent or a wetting agent of ionic or non-ionic type or a mixture of such surfactants. Mention may be made, for example, of polyacrylic acid salts, lignosulphonic acid salts, phenolsulphonic or naphthalenesulphonic acid salts, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (in particular alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters, taurine derivatives (in particular alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyoxyethylated alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, and derivatives of the present compounds containing sulphate, sulphonate and phosphate functions. The presence of at least one surfactant is generally essential when the active compound and/or the inert support are water-insoluble and when the vector agent for the application is water. Preferably, surfactant content may be comprised from 5% to 40% by weight of the composition.
Optionally, other additional components may also be included, e.g. protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetration agents, stabilisers, sequestering agents. More generally, the active compounds can be combined with any solid or liquid additive, which complies with the usual formulation techniques.
In general, the composition according to the invention may contain from 0.05 to 99% by weight of active compounds, preferably from 10 to 70% by weight.
Compositions according to the invention can be used in various forms such as aerosol dispenser, capsule suspension, cold fogging concentrate, dustable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, emulsion oil in water, emulsion water in oil, encapsulated granule, fine granule, flowable concentrate for seed treatment, gas (under pressure), gas generating product, granule, hot fogging concentrate, macrogranule, microgranule, oil dispersible powder, oil miscible flowable concentrate, oil miscible liquid, paste, plant rodlet, powder for dry seed treatment, seed coated with a pesticide, soluble concentrate, soluble powder, solution for seed treatment, suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate), ultra low volume (ULV) liquid, ultra low volume (ULV) suspension, water dispersible granules or tablets, water dispersible powder for slurry treatment, water soluble granules or tablets, water soluble powder for seed treatment and wettable powder.
These compositions include not only compositions which are ready to be applied to the plant or seed to be treated by means of a suitable device, such as a spraying or dusting device, but also concentrated commercial compositions which must be diluted before application to the crop.
The active compounds within the composition according to the invention have potent microbicide activity and can be employed for controlling undesired micro-organisms, such as fungi or bacteria, in crop protection or in the protection of materials.
Within the composition according to the invention, fungicide compounds can be employed in crop protection for example for controlling Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
Within the composition according to the invention, bactericide compounds can be employed in crop protection for example for controlling Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
The fungicide composition according to the invention can be used to curatively or preventively control the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops. Thus, according to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops comprising the use of a fungicide composition according to the invention by application to the seed, the plant or to the fruit of the plant or to the soil in which the plant is growing or in which it is desired to grow.
The method of treatment according to the invention may also be useful to treat propagation material such as tubers or rhizomes, but also seeds, seedlings or seedlings pricking out and plants or plants pricking out. This method of treatment can also be useful to treat roots. The method of treatment according to the invention can also be useful to treat the over-ground parts of the plant such as trunks, stems or stalks, leaves, flowers and fruit of the concerned plant.
The method of treatment according to the invention may also consist in the application or the use of compounds A, B and C as combined products, as alternate products or as sequence products.
Among the plants that can be protected by the method according to the invention, mention may be made of cotton; flax; vine; fruit or vegetable crops such as Rosaceae sp. (for instance pip fruit such as apples and pears, but also stone fruit such as apricots, almonds and peaches), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidabeae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for instance banana trees and plantins), Rubiaceae sp., Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (for instance lemons, oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (for instance tomatoes), Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (for instance lettuces), Umbelliferae sp., Cruciferae sp., Chenopodiaceae sp., Cucurbitaceae sp., Papilionaceae sp. (for instance peas), Rosaceae sp. (for instance strawberries); major crops such as Graminae sp. (for instance maize, lawn or cereals such as wheat, rice, barley and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (for instance sunflower), Cruciferae sp. (for instance colza), Fabacae sp. (for instance peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (for instance soybean), Solanaceae sp. (for instance potatoes), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for instance beetroots); horticultural and forest crops; as well as genetically modified homologues of these crops.
Among the diseases of plants or crops that can be controlled by the method according to the invention, mention may be made of:
Powdery mildew diseases such as:
Rust diseases such as:
Oomycete diseases such as:
Leafspot, leaf blotch and leaf blight diseases such as:
Root and stem diseases such as:
Ear and panicle diseases such as:
Smut and bunt diseases such as:
Fruit rot and mould diseases such as:
Seed and soilborne decay, mould, wilt, rot and damping-off diseases:
Canker, broom and dieback diseases such as:
Blight diseases such as:
Leaf blister or leaf curl diseases such as:
Decline diseases of wooden plants such as:
Diseases of flowers and Seeds such as:
Diseases of tubers such as:
The fungicide composition according to the invention may also be used against fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber. The term “timber” means all types of species of wood, and all types of working of this wood intended for construction, for example solid wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood. The method for treating timber according to the invention mainly consists in contacting one or more compounds according to the invention, or a composition according to the invention; this includes for example direct application, spraying, dipping, injection or any other suitable means.
The dose of active compound usually applied in the method of treatment according to the invention is generally and advantageously from 0.1 to 10,000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1000 g/ha. For seed dressing, the active-compound combination application rates are generally from 0.001 to 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably from 0.01 to 10 g per kilogram of seed. For the treatment of the soil, the active-compound combination application rates are generally from 0.1 to 10,000 g/ha, preferably from 1 to 5,000 g/ha.
In the method according to the invention, compounds A, B and C according to the invention are preferably used in the following amounts.
Particular examples of combinations according to the method of treatment according to the invention comprise the use of
It is clearly understood that the doses indicated herein are given as illustrative examples of the method according to the invention. A person skilled in the art will know how to adapt the application doses, notably according to the nature of the plant or crop to be treated.
The fungicide composition according to the invention may also be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms with the compounds according to the invention or the agrochemical compositions according to the invention. Genetically modified plants are plants into genome of which a heterologous gene encoding a protein of interest has been stably integrated. The expression “heterologous gene encoding a protein of interest” essentially means genes which give the transformed plant new agronomic properties, or genes for improving the agronomic quality of the modified plant.
The following examples are given purely by way of illustration of the invention without any limitation. They are intended to give an illustration of the efficacy of the 3-way or ternary composition according to the invention on plant diseases.
Synergistic effect of the mixture of fosetyl-Al (compound A) combined with mandipropamid (compound B) and folpet (compound C) in preventive 72 h application on vine downy mildew has been demonstrated.
Vine plants (variety Cabernet Sauvignon) were grown in a sandy soil in plastic pots with a single plant per pot. At the age of 2 months (6 to 7 leaves developed), these plants were sprayed with the three fungicide active compounds either alone or in mixture. Fungicide active compounds applied in mixture were also applied individually at the same doses as those used in the combinations.
The fungicide active compounds, either used alone or in mixture, were applied at a volume rate of 250 l water per ha.
The following ratio was tested: fosetyl-Al (A)/mandipropamid (B)/folpet (C) respectively: 1,500 g a.i./ha+75 g a.i./ha+750 g a.i./ha (ratio 20/1/10).
The mixture of fosetyl-Al with mandipropamid and folpet was prepared either with fosetyl-Al in the form of water-dispersible granules (WG) at 800 g/Kg and mandipropamid in the form of concentrated suspension (SC) at 100 g/L and folpet in the form of concentrated suspension (SC) at 500 g/L
The dose range tested for fosetyl-Al was: 2,500 g a.i./ha, 1,500 g a.i./ha, 1,000 g a.i./ha, 750 g a.i./ha, 500 g a.i./ha, 250 g a.i./ha, 150 g a.i./ha, 15 g a.i./ha, 3 g a.i./ha, 1.5 g a.i./ha, 0.15 g a.i./ha and 0.015 g a.i./ha.
The dose range for mandipropamid+folpet was: 75+750 g a.i./ha, 1+10 g a.i./ha, 0.1+1 g a.i./ha, 0.02+0.2, 0.01+0.1 g a.i./ha, 0.001+0.01 g a.i./ha and 0.0001+0.001 g a.i./ha.
For the ternary mixture fosetyl-Al+mandipropamid+folpet, the dose range studied was: 1,500+75+750 g a.i./ha, 20+1+10 g a.i./ha, 2+0.1+1 g a.i./ha, 0.4+0.02+0.2 g a.i./ha, 0.2+0.01+0.1 g a.i./ha, 0.02+0.001+0.01 g a.i./ha and 0.002+0.0001+0.001 g a.i./ha.
The UTC plants were only treated with water without any active compound.
A three days interval separated treatment and inoculation. Three days after the treatment, each plant was inoculated by spraying an aqueous suspension of sporangia of Plasmopara viticola obtained from infected leaves and sensitive to all the tested compounds. The concentration of sporangia was about 100,000 units per ml.
After contamination the plants were incubated for 7 days at 22° C. in a saturated atmosphere. Seven days after contamination, symptoms were evaluated in terms of the extent of the lower surface of the leaves infected, in comparison with untreated (UTC) but contamined plants.
The efficacy of the treatment was calculated using the Abbott formula:
efficacy=(untreated−treated/untreated)×100
The concentrations of the fungicide active substances alone or in mixture giving % efficacy for each component were determined based on the sigmoid curve dose/response model with their confidence intervals. The results corresponding to ED90, ED70 or ED50 (effective doses providing 90%, 70% or 50% of disease control) for the ratio studied have been calculated on the basis of 4 repeats per factor. The analysis of the results was made according to the TAMMES model. The ED90, ED70 or ED50 values observed for each compound alone or in mixture were then inserted in a graphic representation as described by TAMMES (Isoboles, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides, Neth. J. Plant Path. 70 (1964): 73-80).
Each of the components is expressed in a coordinate. The line which connects the points is called an isobole. With an isobole, the effect of different proportions of the components can be calculated. The observed value for the mixture corresponding to one ratio A/B is compared to the theoretical value calculated via the isobole of additive effect. In that case, the total effect observed is equal to the sum of the effects of the components taken independently.
A synergistic effect or a cooperative action of two or more compounds in mixture means that the total effect is greater or more prolonged than the sum of effects of the products taken independently.
For the ternary mixture fosetyl-Al/mandipropamid/folpet, the results obtained are presented in the form of points values, corresponding to 90%, 70% or 50% control of the pathogen and placed in a TAMMES isobole diagram which comprises on the x-axis the doses of fosetyl-Al in g a.i./ha and on the y-axis the doses of the mixture mandipropamid with folpet expressed in g a.i./ha. These results are presented in a table with the quantity of each compound in the ternary mixture at the studied ratio (A/B/C) practically observed to control 90%, 70% or 50% of the disease compared to the theoretical quantity of each, expected to supply the same control in the case of no synergy between the 3 active substances.
For the ratio 20/1/10 corresponding to fosetyl-Al with mandipropamid and folpet, the preventive test done on grapevine downy mildew shows synergistic effect of the compositions comprising fosetyl-Al with mandipropamid and folpet. It has been demonstrated that less amount of both compounds are necessary to effectively control 90%, 70% and 50% of the disease compared to the theoretical doses of each compounds expected in the mixture with just additional effect.
In table 2, EC50, EC70, EC90 calculated according to efficacy observed for this ratio illustrate these results.
In these greenhouse studies, synergy for a mixture of fosetyl-Al with mandipropamid and folpet was demonstrated in 72 h preventive situation for the ratio 20/1/10 according to TAMMES model.
Synergistic effect of the mixture of fosetyl-Al (compound A) combined with mandipropamid (compound B) and mefenoxam (compound C) in preventive 72 h application on vine downy mildew has been demonstrated.
Vine plants (variety Cabernet Sauvignon) were grown in a sandy soil in plastic pots with a single plant per pot. At the age of 2 months (6 to 7 leaves developed), these plants were sprayed with the three fungicide active compounds either alone or in mixture. Fungicide active compounds applied in mixture were also applied individually at the same doses as those used in the combinations.
The fungicide active compounds, either used alone or in mixture, were applied at a volume rate of 250 l water per ha.
The following ratio was tested: fosetyl-Al (A)/mandipropamid (B)/mefenoxam (C) respectively: 1,500 g a.i./ha+75 g a.i./ha+75 g a.i./ha (ratio 20/1/1).
The dose range tested for fosetyl-Al was: 2,500 g a.i./ha, 1,500 g a.i./ha, 750 g a.i./ha, 500 g a.i./ha, 250 g a.i./ha, 150 g a.i./ha, 50 g a.i./ha, 30 g a.i./ha, 10 g a.i./ha, 5 g a.i./ha and 0.5 ga.i./ha.
The dose range for mandipropamid+mefenoxam was: 75+75 g a.i./ha, 0.75+0.75 g a.i./ha, 0.25+0.25 g a.i./ha, 0.15+0.15 g a.i./ha, 0.05+0.05 g a.i./ha, 0.025+0.025 g a.i./ha and 0.0025+0.0025 g a.i./ha.
For the ternary mixture fosetyl-Al+mandipropamid+mefenoxam, the dose range studied was: 1,500+75+75 g a.i./ha, 150+0.75+0.75 g a.i./ha, 50+0.25+0.25 g a.i./ha, 30+0.15+0.15 g a.i./ha, 10+0.05+0.05 g a.i./ha, 5+0.025+0.025 g a.i./ha and 0.5+0.0025+0.0025 g a.i./ha.
The UTC plants were only treated with water without any active compound.
For managing vapour effect of mefenoxam, all the different factors were separated and isolated after treatment all along the test in independent greenhouse boxes.
A three days interval separated treatment and inoculation. Three days after the treatment, each plant was inoculated by spraying an aqueous suspension of sporangia of Plasmopara viticola obtained from infected leaves and sensitive to all the tested compounds. The concentration of sporangia was about 100,000 units per ml.
After contamination the plants were incubated for 7 days at 22° C. in a saturated atmosphere. Seven days after contamination, symptoms were evaluated in terms of the extent of the lower surface of the leaves infected, in comparison with untreated (UTC) but contamined plants.
The efficacy of the treatment was calculated using the Abbott formula:
efficacy=(untreated−treated/untreated)×100
The concentrations of the fungicide active substances alone or in mixture giving % efficacy for each component were determined based on the sigmoid curve dose/response model with their confidence intervals. The results corresponding to ED90, ED70 or ED50 (effective doses providing 90%, 70% or 50% of disease control) for the ratio studied have been calculated on the basis of 4 repeats per factor. The analysis of the results was made according to the TAMMES model. The ED90, ED70 or ED50 values observed for each compound alone or in mixture were then inserted in a graphic representation as described by TAMMES (Isoboles, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides, Neth. J. Plant Path. 70 (1964): 73-80).
Each of the components is expressed in a coordinate. The line which connects the points is called an isobole. With an isobole, the effect of different proportions of the components can be calculated. The observed value for the mixture corresponding to one ratio A/B is compared to the theoretical value calculated via the isobole of additive effect. In that case, the total effect observed is equal to the sum of the effects of the components taken independently.
A synergistic effect or a cooperative action of two or more compounds in mixture means that the total effect is greater or more prolonged than the sum of effects of the products taken independently.
For the ternary mixture fosetyl-Al/mandipropamid/mefenoxam, the results obtained are presented in the form of points values, corresponding to 90%, 70% or 50% control of the pathogen and placed in a TAMMES isobole diagram which comprises on the x-axis the doses of fosetyl-Al in g a.i./ha and on the y-axis the doses of the mixture mandipropamid with mefenoxam expressed in g a.i./ha. These results are presented in a table with the quantity of each compound in the ternary mixture at the studied ratio (A/B/C) practically observed to control 90%, 70% or 50% of the disease compared to the theoretical quantity of each, expected to supply the same control in the case of no synergy between the 3 active substances.
For the ratio 20/1/1 corresponding to fosetyl-Al with mandipropamid and mefenoxam, the preventive test done on grapevine downy mildew shows synergistic effect of the compositions comprising fosetyl-Al with mandipropamid and mefenoxam. It has been demonstrated that less amount of both compounds are necessary to effectively control 90%, 70% and 50% of the disease compared to the theoretical doses of each compounds expected in the mixture with just additional effect.
In table 2, EC50, EC70, EC90 calculated according to efficacy observed for this ratio illustrate these results.
In these greenhouse studies, synergy for a mixture of fosetyl-Al with mandipropamid and mefenoxam was demonstrated in 72 h preventive situation for the ratio 20/1/1 according to TAMMES model.
Synergistic effect of the mixture phosphorous acid (H3PO3) (compound A) combined with mandipropamid (compound B) and folpet (compound C) in preventive 72 h application on vine downy mildew has been demonstrated.
Vine plants (variety Cabernet Sauvignon) were grown in a sandy soil in plastic pots with a single plant per pot. At the age of 2 months (6 to 7 leaves developed), these plants were sprayed with the three fungicide active compounds either alone or in mixture. Fungicide active compounds applied in mixture were also applied individually at the same doses as those used in the combinations.
The fungicide active compounds, either used alone or in mixture, were applied at a volume rate of 250 l water per ha.
Vine plants (variety Cabernet Sauvignon) were grown in a sandy soil in plastic pots with a single plant per pot. At the age of 2 months (6 to 7 leaves developed), these plants were sprayed with the three fungicide active compounds either alone or in mixture. Fungicide active compounds applied in mixture were also applied individually at the same doses as those used in the combinations.
The fungicide active compounds, either used alone or in mixture, were applied at a volume rate of 250 l water per ha.
The following ratio was tested: phosphorous acid (A)/mandipropamid (B)/folpet (C) respectively: 1,500 g a.i./ha+75 g a.i./ha+750 g a.i./ha (ratio 20/1/10).
The dose range tested for phosphorous acid equivalent (329 g/kg) was: 3,000 g a.i./ha, 1,500 g a.i./ha, 1,000 g a.i./ha, 750 g a.i./ha, 500 g a.i./ha, 250 g a.i./ha, 80 g a.i./ha, 40 g a.i./ha, 20 g a.i./ha, 10 g a.i./ha, 2 g a.i./ha and 0.2 g a.i./ha.
The dose range for mandipropamid+folpet was: 75+750 g a.i./ha, 4+40 g a.i./ha, 2+20 g a.i./ha, 1+10 g a.i./ha, 0.5+5 g a.i./ha, 0.1+1 g a.i./ha and 0.01+0.1 g a.i./ha.
For the ternary mixture phosphorous acid equivalent+mandipropamid+folpet, the dose range studied was: 1,500+75+750 g a.i./ha, 80+4+40 g a.i./ha, 40+2+20 g a.i./ha, 20+1+10 g a.i./ha, 10+0.5+5 g a.i./ha, 2+0.1+1 g a.i./ha and 0.2+0.01+0.1 g a.i./ha.
The UTC plants were only treated with water without any active compound.
Four days before treatment, phosphorous acid was applied at 1,500 g a.i./ha on plants planned to be treated later with phosphorous acid based product alone or in mixture.
A three days interval separated treatment and inoculation. Three days after the treatment, each plant was inoculated by spraying an aqueous suspension of sporangia of Plasmopara viticola obtained from infected leaves and sensitive to all the tested compounds. The concentration of sporangia was about 100,000 units per ml.
After contamination the plants were incubated for 7 days at 22° C. in a saturated atmosphere. Seven days after contamination, symptoms were evaluated in terms of the extent of the lower surface of the leaves infected, in comparison with untreated (UTC) but contamined plants.
The efficacy of the treatment was calculated using the Abbott formula:
efficacy=(untreated−treated/untreated)×100
The concentrations of the fungicide active substances alone or in mixture giving % efficacy for each component were determined based on the sigmoid curve dose/response model with their confidence intervals. The analysis of the results was made according to the TAMMES model (Isoboles, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides, Neth. J. Plant Path. 70 (1964): 73-80).
The calculated results corresponding to ED90 or ED70 (effective doses providing 90% or 70% of disease control) for the ratio that have been evaluated are presented in tables 2 and 3. These results have been calculated on the basis of 4 repeats per factor according to the TAMMES method.
The results obtained are presented in the form of points values, corresponding to 90% or 70% control of the pathogen and placed in a TAMMES isobole diagram which comprises on the x-axis the doses of phosphorous acid equivalent expressed in g a.i./ha and on the y-axis the doses of mandipropamid and folpet.
In these greenhouse studies, synergy for a mixture of phosphorous acid with mandipropamid and folpet was demonstrated in 72 h preventive situation for the ratio 20/1/10 according to TAMMES model.
Synergistic effect of the mixture phosphorous acid (compound A) combined with mandipropamid (compound B) and mefenoxam (compound C) in preventive 72 h application on vine downy mildew has been demonstrated.
Vine plants (variety Cabernet Sauvignon) were grown in a sandy soil in plastic pots with a single plant per pot. At the age of 2 months (6 to 7 leaves developed), these plants were sprayed with the three fungicide active compounds either alone or in mixture. Fungicide active compounds applied in mixture were also applied individually at the same doses as those used in the combinations.
The fungicide active compounds, either used alone or in mixture, were applied at a volume rate of 250 l water per ha.
The following ratio was tested: phosphorous acid (A)/mandipropamid (B)/mefenoxam (C) respectively: 1,500 g a.i./ha+75 g a.i./ha.+75 g a.i./ha (ratio 20/1/1).
The dose range tested for phosphorous acid equivalent (329 g/kg) was: 2,500 g a.i./ha, 1,500 g a.i./ha, 750 g a.i./ha, 500 g a.i./ha, 250 g a.i./ha, 150 g a.i./ha, 50 g a.i./ha, 30 g a.i./ha, 10 g a.i./ha, 5 g a.i./ha, and 0.5 g a.i./ha.
The dose range for mandipropamid+mefenoxam was: 75+75 g a.i./ha, 0.75+0.75 g a.i./ha, 0.25+0.25 g a.i./ha, 0.15+0.15 g a.i./ha, 0.05+0.05 g a.i./ha, 0.025+0.025 g a.i./ha and 0.0025+0.0025 g a.i./ha.
For the ternary mixture phosphorous acid equivalent+mandipropamid+mefenoxam, the dose range studied was: 1,500+75+75 g a.i./ha, 150+0.75+0.75 g a.i./ha, 50+0.25+0.25 g a.i./ha, 30+0.15+0.15 g a.i./ha, 10+0.05+0.05 g a.i./ha, 5+0.025+0.025 g a.i./ha and 0.5+0.0025+0.0025 g a.i./ha.
The UTC plants were only treated with water without any active compound.
For managing vapour effect of mefenoxam, all the different factors were separated and isolated after treatment all along the test in independent greenhouse boxes. Four days before treatment, phosphorous acid was applied at 1,500 g a.i./ha on plants planned to be treated later with phosphorous acid based product alone or in mixture.
A three days interval separated treatment and inoculation. Three days after the treatment, each plant was inoculated by spraying an aqueous suspension of sporangia of Plasmopara viticola obtained from infected leaves and sensitive to all the tested compounds. The concentration of sporangia was about 100,000 units per ml.
After contamination the plants were incubated for 7 days at 22° C. in a saturated atmosphere. Seven days after contamination, symptoms were evaluated in terms of the extent of the lower surface of the leaves infected, in comparison with untreated (UTC) but contamined plants.
The efficacy of the treatment was calculated using the Abbott formula:
efficacy=(untreated−treated/untreated)×100
The concentrations of the fungicide active substances alone or in mixture giving % efficacy for each component were determined based on the sigmoid curve dose/response model with their confidence intervals. The analysis of the results was made according to the TAMMES model (Isoboles, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides, Neth. J. Plant Path. 70 (1964): 73-80).
The ED90, ED70 or ED50 values observed for each compound alone or in mixture were then inserted in a graphic representation as described by TAMMES.
Each of the components is expressed in a coordinate. The line which connects the points is called an isobole. With an isobole, the effect of different proportions of the components can be calculated. The observed value for the mixture corresponding to one ratio A/B is compared to the theoretical value calculated via the isobole of additive effect. In that case, the total effect observed is equal to the sum of the effects of the components taken independently.
A synergistic effect or a cooperative action of two or more compounds in mixture means that the total effect is greater or more prolonged than the sum of effects of the products taken independently.
The calculated results corresponding to ED90 or ED70 or ED50 (effective doses providing 90% or 70% or 50% of disease control) for the ratio have been calculated on the basis of 4 repeats per factor.
The results obtained are presented in the form of points values, corresponding to 90% or 70% or 50% control of the pathogen and placed in a TAMMES isobole diagram which comprises on the x-axis the doses of phosphorous acid equivalent expressed in g a.i./ha and on the y-axis the doses of the mixture mandipropamid with mefenoxam also in g a.i./ha.
For the ratio 20/1/1 corresponding to phosphorous acid with mandipropamid and mefenoxam, the preventive test done on grapevine downy mildew shows synergistic effect of the compositions containing compounds phosphorous acid with mandipropamid and mefenoxam. It has been demonstrated that less amount of both compounds are necessary to effectively control 90%, 70% and 50% of the disease compared to the theoretical doses of each compounds expected in the mixture with just additional effect.
In tables 2 and 3, EC50, EC70, EC90 calculated according to efficacy observed for this ratio illustrate these results.
In these greenhouse studies, synergy for a mixture of phosphorous acid with mandipropamid and mefenoxam was demonstrated in 72 h preventive situation for the ratio 20/1/1 according to TAMMES model.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 05356110.6 | Jun 2005 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2006/063349 | 6/20/2006 | WO | 00 | 3/6/2008 |
