This disclosure relates generally to gaming, and more particularly to showing outcomes to games in a time-efficient manner.
Gaming sessions typically include various winning gaming results and numerous losing gaming results. Each result is displayed on a gaming device. Since a portion of the winning gaming results are much larger in value than the wagers placed to reach those results, and because the overall payback percentage of the gaming device must be less than 100% to pay for the costs of operating the gaming device, including casino profit, those gaming sessions usually include many more losing gaming results than winning gaming results.
As a consequence of this reality, a great portion of time on the device is spent watching reels spin (or poker hands played) with a resulting loss. For most players the excitement and gratification of gambling is tied to achieving wins. While these players will endure certain periods of loss, players will often press the spin and/or bet buttons as quickly as possible to pass through the losses to get to another win. While the casino is interested to provide as much excitement and entertainment as possible to its players, the casino must also limit the number of wins to cover costs and return a profit, which effectively limits how many wins can be paid to a player.
In all of today's games, losses take as long or nearly as long as wins to display. While sometimes there is player anticipation tied to showing several reels with a particular symbol on a payline (or showing multiple cards needed for a large win in video poker) where the gaming result ultimately ends in a loss, most of the time it is quickly evident to the player that he or she has little or no chance of receiving a winning outcome. Once the player realizes that the current game will result in a loss, the player either has to wait for the remaining reels to come to rest or, in some games, can “slam” the rest of the reels to a stop by hitting the spin button again before waiting for the game to reset and being able to initiate another game. Thus, with conventional gaming devices, players often spend at least half of their gambling sessions waiting through losing gaming results.
Embodiments of the invention address these and other limitations in the prior art.
Referring to
The gaming device 10 includes a cabinet 15 housing components to operate the gaming device 10. The cabinet 15 may include a gaming display 20, a base portion 13, a top box 18, and a player interface panel 30. The gaming display 20 may include mechanical spinning reels (
The base portion 13 may include a lighted panel 14, a coin return (not shown), and a gaming handle 12 operable on a partially rotating pivot joint 11. The game handle 12 is traditionally included on mechanical spinning-reel games, where the handle may be pulled toward a player to initiate the spinning of reels 22 after placement of a wager. The top box 18 may include a lighted panel 17, a video display (such as an LCD monitor), a mechanical bonus device (not shown), and a candle light indicator 19. The player interface panel 30 may include various devices so that a player can interact with the gaming device 10.
The player interface panel 30 may include one or more game buttons 32 that can be actuated by the player to cause the gaming device 10 to perform a specific action. For example, some of the game buttons 32 may cause the gaming device 10 to bet a credit to be wagered during the next game, change the number of lines being played on a multi-line game, cash out the credits remaining on the gaming device (as indicated on the credit meter 27), or request assistance from casino personnel, such as by lighting the candle 19. In addition, the player interface panel 30 may include one or more game actuating buttons 33. The game actuating buttons 33 may initiate a game with a pre-specified amount of credits. On some gaming devices 10 a “Max Bet” game actuating button 33 may be included that places the maximum credit wager on a game and initiates the game. The player interface panel 30 may further include a bill acceptor 37 and a ticket printer 38. The bill acceptor 37 may accept and validate paper money or previously printed tickets with a credit balance. The ticket printer 38 may print out tickets reflecting the balance of the credits that remain on the gaming device 10 when a player cashes out by pressing one of the game buttons 32 programmed to cause a ‘cashout.’ These tickets may be inserted into other gaming machines or redeemed at a cashier station or kiosk for cash.
The gaming device 10 may also include one or more speakers 26 to transmit auditory information or sounds to the player. The auditory information may include specific sounds associated with particular events that occur during game play on the gaming device 10. For example, a particularly festive sound may be played during a large win or when a bonus is triggered. The speakers 26 may also transmit “attract” sounds to entice nearby players when the game is not currently being played.
The gaming device 10 may further include a secondary display 25. This secondary display 25 may be a vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a cathode ray tube (CRT), a plasma screen, or the like. The secondary display 25 may show any combination of primary game information and ancillary information to the player. For example, the secondary display 25 may show player tracking information, secondary bonus information, advertisements, or player selectable game options.
The gaming device 10 may include a separate information window (not shown) dedicated to supplying any combination of information related to primary game play, secondary bonus information, player tracking information, secondary bonus information, advertisements or player selectable game options. This window may be fixed in size and location or may have its size and location vary temporally as communication needs change. One example of such a resizable window is International Game Technology's “service window”. Another example is Las Vegas Gaming Incorporated's retrofit technology which allows information to be placed over areas of the game or the secondary display screen at various times and in various situations.
The gaming device 10 includes a microprocessor 40 that controls operation of the gaming device 10. If the gaming device 10 is a standalone gaming device, the microprocessor 40 may control virtually all of the operations of the gaming devices and attached equipment, such as operating game logic stored in memory (not shown) as firmware, controlling the display 20 to represent the outcome of a game, communicating with the other peripheral devices (such as the bill acceptor 37), and orchestrating the lighting and sound emanating from the gaming device 10. In other embodiments where the gaming device 10 is coupled to a network 50, as described below, the microprocessor 40 may have different tasks depending on the setup and function of the gaming device. For example, the microprocessor 40 may be responsible for running the base game of the gaming device and executing instructions received over the network 50 from a bonus server or player tracking server. In a server-based gaming setup, the microprocessor 40 may act as a terminal to execute instructions from a remote server that is running game play on the gaming device.
The microprocessor 40 may be coupled to a machine communication interface (MCI) 42 that connects the gaming device 10 to a gaming network 50. The MCI 42 may be coupled to the microprocessor 40 through a serial connection, a parallel connection, an optical connection, or in some cases a wireless connection. The gaming device 10 may include memory 41 (MEM), such as a random access memory (RAM), coupled to the microprocessor 40 and which can be used to store gaming information, such as storing total coin-in statistics about a present or past gaming session, which can be communicated to a remote server or database through the MCI 42. The MCI 42 may also facilitate communication between the network 50 and the secondary display 25 or a player tracking unit 45 housed in the gaming cabinet 15.
The player tracking unit 45 may include an identification device 46 and one or more buttons 47 associated with the player tracking unit 45. The identification device 46 serves to identify a player, by, for example, reading a player-tracking device, such as a player tracking card that is issued by the casino to individual players who choose to have such a card. The identification device 46 may instead, or additionally, identify players through other methods. Player tracking systems using player tracking cards and card readers 46 are known in the art. Briefly summarizing such a system, a player registers with the casino prior to commencing gaming. The casino issues a unique player-tracking card to the player and opens a corresponding player account that is stored on a server or host computer, described below with reference to
To induce the player to use the card and be an identified player, the casino may award each player points proportional to the money or credits wagered by the player. Players typically accrue points at a rate related to the amount wagered, although other factors may cause the casino to award the player various amounts. The points may be displayed on the secondary display 25 or using other methods. In conventional player tracking systems, the player may take his or her card to a special desk in the casino where a casino employee scans the card to determine how many accrued points are in the player's account. The player may redeem points for selected merchandise, meals in casino restaurants, or the like, which each have assigned point values. In some player tracking systems, the player may use the secondary display 25 to access their player tracking account, such as to check a total number of points, redeem points for various services, make changes to their account, or download promotional credits to the gaming device 10. In other embodiments, the identification device 46 may read other identifying cards (such as driver licenses, credit cards, etc.) to identify a player and match them to a corresponding player tracking account. Although
During typical play on a gaming device 10, a player plays a game by placing a wager and then initiating a gaming session. The player may initially insert monetary bills or previously printed tickets with a credit value into the bill acceptor 37. The player may also put coins into a coin acceptor (not shown) or a credit, debit or casino account card into a card reader/authorizer (not shown). In other embodiments, stored player points or special ‘bonus points’ awarded to the player or accumulated and/or stored in a player account may be able to be substituted at or transferred to the gaming device 10 for credits or other value. For example, a player may convert stored loyalty points to credits or transfer funds from his bank account, credit card, casino account or other source of funding. The selected source of funding may be selected by the player at time of transfer, determined by the casino at the time of transfer or occur automatically according to a predefined selection process. One of skill in the art will readily see that this invention is useful with all gambling devices, regardless of the manner in which wager value-input is accomplished.
The credit meter 27 displays the numeric credit value of the money or other value inserted, transferred, or stored dependent on the denomination of the gaming device 10. That is, if the gaming device 10 is a nickel slot machine and a $20 bill inserted into the bill acceptor 37, the credit meter will reflect 400 credits or one credit for each nickel of the inserted twenty dollars. For gaming devices 10 that support multiple denominations, the credit meter 27 will reflect the amount of credits relative to the denomination selected. Thus, in the above example, if a penny denomination is selected after the $20 is inserted the credit meter will change from 400 credits to 2000 credits.
A wager may be placed by pushing one or more of the game buttons 32, which may be reflected on the bet meter 28. That is, the player can generally depress a “bet one” button (one of the buttons on the player interface panel 30, such as 32), which transfers one credit from the credit meter 27 to the bet meter 28. Each time the button 32 is depressed an additional single credit transfers to the bet meter 28 up to a maximum bet that can be placed on a single play of the electronic gaming device 10. The gaming session may be initiated by pulling the gaming handle 12 or depressing the spin button 33. On some gaming devices 10, a “max bet” button (another one of the buttons 32 on the player interface panel 30) may be depressed to wager the maximum number of credits supported by the gaming device 10 and initiate a gaming session.
If the gaming session does not result in any winning combination, the process of placing a wager may be repeated by the player. Alternatively, the player may cash out any remaining credits on the credit meter 27 by depressing the “cash-out” button (another button 32 on the player interface panel 30), which causes the credits on the credit meter 27 to be paid out in the form of a ticket through the ticket printer 38, or may be paid out in the form of returning coins from a coin hopper (not shown) to a coin return tray.
If instead a winning combination (win) appears on the display 20, the award corresponding to the winning combination is immediately applied to the credit meter 27. For example, if the gaming device 10 is a slot machine, a winning combination of symbols 23 may land on a played payline on reels 22. If any bonus games are initiated, the gaming device 10 may enter into a bonus mode or simply award the player with a bonus amount of credits that are applied to the credit meter 27.
Referring to
During game play, the spinning reels 22A may be controlled by stepper motors (not shown) under the direction of the microprocessor 40 (
A gaming session on a spinning reel slot machine 10A typically includes the player pressing the “bet-one” button (one of the game buttons 32A) to wager a desired number of credits followed by pulling the gaming handle 12 (
Referring to
Because the virtual spinning reels 22B, by virtue of being computer implemented, can have almost any number of stops on a reel strip, it is much easier to have a greater variety of displayed outcomes as compared to spinning-reel slot machines 10A (
With the possible increases in reel 22B numbers and configurations over the mechanical gaming device 10A, video gaming devices 10B often have multiple paylines 24 that may be played. By having more paylines 24 available to play, the player may be more likely to have a winning combination when the reels 22B stop and the gaming session ends. However, since the player typically must wager at least a minimum number of credits to enable each payline 24 to be eligible for winning, the overall odds of winning are not much different, if at all, than if the player is wagering only on a single payline. For example, in a five line game, the player may bet one credit per payline 24 and be eligible for winning symbol combinations that appear on any of the five played paylines 24. This gives a total of five credits wagered and five possible winning paylines 24. If, on the other hand, the player only wagers one credit on one payline 24, but plays five gaming sessions, the odds of winning would be identical as above: five credits wagered and five possible winning paylines 24.
Because the video display 20B can easily modify the image output by the video display 20B bonuses, such as second screen bonuses are relatively easy to award on the video slot game 10B. That is, if a bonus is triggered during game play, the video display 20B may simply store the resulting screen shot in memory and display a bonus sequence on the video display 20B. After the bonus sequence is completed, the video display 20B may then retrieve the previous screen shot and information from memory, and re-display that image.
Also, as mentioned above, the video display 20B may allow various other game information 21B to be displayed. For example, as shown in
Even with the improved flexibility afforded by the video display 20B, several physical buttons 32B and 33B are usually provided on video slot machines 10B. These buttons may include game buttons 32B that allow a player to choose the number of paylines 24 he or she would like to play and the number of credits wagered on each payline 24. In addition, a max bet button (one of the game buttons 32B) allows a player to place a maximum credit wager on the maximum number of available paylines 24 and initiate a gaming session. A repeat bet or spin button 33B may also be used to initiate each gaming session when the max bet button is not used.
Referring to
The player selectable soft buttons 29C appearing on the screen respectively correspond to each card on the video display 20C. These soft buttons 29C allow players to select specific cards on the video display 20C such that the card corresponding to the selected soft button is “held” before the draw. Typically, video poker machines 10C also include physical game buttons 32C that correspond to the cards in the hand and may be selected to hold a corresponding card. A deal/draw button 33C may also be included to initiate a gaming session after credits have been wagered (with a bet button 32C, for example) and to draw any cards not held after the first hand is displayed.
Although examples of a spinning reel slot machine 10A, a video slot machine 10B, and a video poker machine 10C have been illustrated in
Gaming devices 71 coupled over an optical line 64 may be remote gaming devices in a different location or casino. The optical line 64 may be coupled to the gaming network 50 through an electronic to optical signal converter 63 and may be coupled to the gaming devices 71 through an optical to electronic signal converter 65. The banks of gaming devices 70 coupled to the network 50 may be coupled through a bank controller 60 for compatibility purposes, for local organization and control, or for signal buffering purposes. The network 50 may include serial or parallel signal transmission lines and carry data in accordance with data transfer protocols such as Ethernet transmission lines, Rs-232 lines, firewire lines, USB lines, or other communication protocols. Although not shown in
As mentioned above, each gaming device 70-75 may have an individual processor 40 (
Thus, in some embodiments, the network 50, server 80, and database 90 may be dedicated to communications regarding specific game or tournament play. In other embodiments, however, the network 50, server 80, and database 90 may be part of a player tracking network. For player tracking capabilities, when a player inserts a player tracking card in the card reader 46 (
The various systems described with reference to
With reference back to
In this example, the animation screen 106 is illustrated as being in the top box 18 of the gaming device 10 of
In operation, a player selects how much to wager through the wager buttons 132, then presses a spin button 134 or repeat bet button 136 to initiate the game on the gaming device 100. In the typical game, described above, after a player makes a wager and presses the game initiating button, the reels 120 spin or appear to spin through animation, and sequentially come to a stop. If the symbols on the reels 120 align with one of the paylines 24, credits are credited to the player. If however, the reel symbols do not line with any payline, or, stated a different way, none of the wagered paylines 24 has a winning outcome, then nothing further happens.
In the embodiment illustrated in
In other embodiments, a losing outcome may be reported to the player by showing the losing animation described above on the animation screen 106 and additionally reporting the specific game outcome on the game detail display 104. In contrast to the typical reel-spinning sequence of a standard game, described above, the game outcome according to embodiments of the invention may be reported by showing a shortened or truncated outcome sequence on the game detail display 104. For instance, in an embodiment where the game detail display 104 is a set of physical reels, the losing outcome may be shown by quickly driving the reels to their ending stop locations by the relatively fast modern stepper motors. This can occur without the typical period of “free spin” of standard reels. The entire sequence of showing the result quickly may take place in as little as between 0.2 and 2 seconds. Embodiments where the game detail display 104 is a video screen may take place even faster, by simply showing a generated static display of the final outcome of the reel symbols or, in other embodiments, cards of a poker hand.
If instead the game outcome is a winning outcome, a different animation sequence is played in the animation screen 106. Specifically, the miner 214 strikes the rock 216, which opens to reveal a jewel or diamond inside. Such an animation is illustrated in the animation screen 107 of
After the animation in a winning outcome indicates to the player that the game has been won, the reels 120 in the game detail display 104 spin or are animated just as in a regular game. The main difference is, at least in some embodiments, if the reels 120 spin after a winning animation, the player knows that he or she will receive winning credits after the reels stop. In some embodiments, after a winning animation, the gaming device 100 prompts the player to initiate the spinning of the reels 120 by pressing, for example, the spin button 134. In other embodiments, the reels 120 initiate automatically.
In yet other embodiments, a winning outcome may be displayed more slowly in the game detail display 104 as compared to a standard game. For instance, if a typical spinning reel game, such as described above with reference to
Although these embodiments are described with reference to spinning the reels 120 to report the specific game outcome and the game winnings, any system or method known in the art could alternatively be used. For instance, a poker hand could be revealed and the game paid according to the particular poker hand dealt.
In some embodiments, any jewel or prize revealed in the animation shown on the animation screen 106 is sized proportionate to the size of the game winnings. In other words, if the game has a winning outcome that is rather low, for instance 5 credits, the jewel uncovered by the miner 214 on the animation screen 106 will be comparatively small. In contrast, if the game outcome is a large number of credits, any jewel uncovered by the miner 214 will be comparatively larger. In some embodiments, the audio signal will change pitch or timbre based on the size of the game award. Although in such embodiments the player gets a preview of the relative size of the game winnings, anticipation still builds because each varying size translates to multiple possible credits won. In other words, a relatively small jewel may, when the winnings are revealed, signify an award to the player of between 1 and 10 credits, while the very largest jewel may indicate to the player that the ultimate award will be between one hundred and five hundred credits. Thus, merely because the miner 214 on the animation screen 106 strikes the largest jewel, there is still player anticipation as the player finds out exactly what he or she has won.
Although there are a number of rocks 216 illustrated in the animation screen 106 of both
The animation screen 106 may serve a double function both as a way to indicate to the player the outcome of the game as well as to indicate to the player that he or she is are progressing toward a mystery bonus win. Graphical interfaces to mystery bonus wins are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/353,083, filed Jan. 13, 2009, entitled GRAPHICAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR GAMING DEVICE BONUS, which is incorporated by reference herein. By using the animation screen as a win proximity indicator in this manner, the player knows that, should the miner 214 cross all the way to the end of the animation screen 106, that regardless of game outcome, the player will win a mystery bonus. This could encourage further play and increased enjoyment from the player.
When the player wins a mystery bonus, it may appear the same or similar to winning the game. For example, winning in the individual game is indicated to the player by uncovering one of many sized diamonds, which are clear in color, from the rocks 216. Winning the mystery bonus could be indicated by uncovering a different colored jewel, such as a green emerald. Awarding the mystery bonus may be as simple as, in some embodiments, awarding a fixed value to the player. In other examples, a mystery bonus may be awarded to the player by spinning the reels and seeing the outcome of the paylines. Other bonuses are paid by having the player spin a wheel or play a separate, secondary game. Yet other examples are described with reference to
Recall from above, that when the game is a losing outcome, that the miner 214 swings at the rock 216 relatively quickly and the game ends. It may become repetitive or boring for the player to continually press one of the game initiation buttons 134 or 136. Thus, in some embodiments, a new game will automatically restart if the preceding game ends in a losing outcome. Such techniques are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/204,633, filed Sep. 4, 2008, entitled GAMING DEVICE WITH VARIABLE PLAY SPEED, the teachings of which are incorporated herein.
The same animation display 106 described above can function simultaneously as both a game result animation screen as well as a grouped mystery bonus game. With reference back to
With reference to
In
Each of the sub-animation screens 210 indicates its present level by showing its associated number of rocks 216, as illustrated in
In some embodiments on a casino floor, multiple separate mystery jackpot games could each be operating, simultaneously, one for each bank or bank portion of the connected gaming devices 70.
In the group mystery jackpot bonus, each of sub-animation screen 108 includes an individual trigger that, when satisfied by one of the players, causes the mystery jackpot to be awarded. The triggers may each be different and may be randomly (or pseudorandomly) set. The trigger of the mystery jackpot is guaranteed to be satisfied by the time all of the rocks 216 are removed for any of the sub-animation screens 108. In this way, graphical feedback is provided to the player of progress toward the mystery jackpot bonus.
In alternate embodiments, instead of including a separate account and sub-animation screen 108 for each of the “bet-x” options, where “x” stands for any of the possible wagers, embodiments of the invention may include a single counter that is incremented when any of the linked gaming devices makes any wager.
In operation, each of the players of the linked gaming devices plays the base game betting one through three credits as desired. If a player sees that one particular counter sub-animation screen 108 is running out of rocks 216, or if they are simply feeling lucky, they may bet an amount that corresponds to the particular screen 108. In other instances, the player may simply make the corresponding bet in the base game without reference to the mystery jackpot. Eventually, one of the players of the connected gaming devices will satisfy the corresponding trigger for one of the particular sub-animation screens 108. When that happens, an indicator, such as a sound, image, or series of images, or combination, may indicate to players of the connected gaming devices, or other players, that one of the players of the connected gaming devices has won the bonus. In some instances the animation will include the miner 214 finding an emerald or other jewel. In a preferred embodiment, the indicator that notifies that one of the players of the gaming devices has won the bonus does not immediately identify the winning player. Instead, the mystery jackpot sequence builds excitement by informing each of the players of the connected gaming devices that they may have won the mystery jackpot. Then the jackpot enters an identification phase, where the winning player is identified. Examples of identifying the winner and determining the winning bonus award are described in related co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/272,630, filed Nov. 17, 2008, entitled BONUS FOR CONNECTED GAMING DEVICES, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In some embodiments, the winner of the mystery jackpot determines the amount won by playing a separate game, such as a spinning a wheel, spinning the reels, or by other methods. In other embodiments the amount won in the mystery jackpot is simply credited to the appropriate device.
Because the pirate 124 is free to move about the animation screen 120, in some embodiments, the player may control the movements of the pirate. As part of the animation screen 120 or elsewhere on the gaming device 100, are a set of controls 140. The player may press the controls, for example up, down, right, and left to control where the player desires the pirate 124 to dig next. Providing such control to the player may keep the player interested and at the game. Recall that, just as with the miner 214 example given with reference to
As the player is playing the game, one of the lands 130 may animate, as illustrated in
In all of the animations described above, the player may play multiple games before any progress is in an animation screen. For example, the miner 214 of
The animation screen 120 of
The animation sequence illustrated in
If the process 230 exits in the YES direction, then the game result is additionally shown on the game screen, in a process 240. Next, a process 250 determines if the win result was a result of the local game, or another winning result. If the game is a local game, then a winning amount is added to the credit meter in a process 260. Then the flow 200 returns back to wait for an initiation of a next game.
If instead the process 250 exits in the NO direction, this indicates that the winning result animation was the result of a non-game win, for example, a bonus, a mystery bonus, or winning a group bonus. If so, the player may automatically participate in the group bonus sequence in a process 270, after which it is determined whether or not he or she was a winner. If the player won the group bonus, then the process 280 exits in the YES direction and additional credits from the group bonus are added to the meter of the game in a process 290. If instead, the player did not win the group bonus, flow 200 simply returns back to the beginning of the flow, to wait for initiation of another game.
Some embodiments of the invention have been described above, and in addition, some specific details are shown for purposes of illustrating the inventive principles. However, numerous other arrangements may be devised in accordance with the inventive principles of this patent disclosure. Further, well known processes have not been described in detail in order not to obscure the invention. Thus, while the invention is described in conjunction with the specific embodiments illustrated in the drawings, it is not limited to these embodiments or drawings. Rather, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents that come within the scope and spirit of the inventive principles set out in the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 16/898,784, filed Jun. 11, 2020, U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 16/216,482, filed Dec. 11, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,706,670 issued on Jul. 7, 2020, which is continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 15/896,493, filed Feb. 14, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,182,112 issued on Jan. 22, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 15/471,767 filed Mar. 28, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,928,682 issued on Mar. 27, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 15/090,824 filed Apr. 5, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,626,834, issued on Apr. 28, 2017, which is a divisional of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 14/218,449 filed Mar. 18, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,330,535 issued on May 3, 2016, which is a continuation application of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 12/619,499, filed Nov. 16, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,696,436, issued on Apr. 15, 2014, the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 14218449 | Mar 2014 | US |
Child | 15090824 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 16898784 | Jun 2020 | US |
Child | 18339724 | US | |
Parent | 16216482 | Dec 2018 | US |
Child | 16898784 | US | |
Parent | 15896493 | Feb 2018 | US |
Child | 16216482 | US | |
Parent | 15471767 | Mar 2017 | US |
Child | 15896493 | US | |
Parent | 15090824 | Apr 2016 | US |
Child | 15471767 | US | |
Parent | 12619499 | Nov 2009 | US |
Child | 14218449 | US |