Patent Application
20190102994
This invention relates to gaming systems and to gaming machines through which players may participate in wagering games, and in particular schemes for updating and executing bonus and add-on game features while complying with regulatory requirements for game accounting.
Many different types of gaming machines have been developed to provide various formats and graphic presentations for conducting games and presenting game results. For example, numerous mechanical reel-type gaming machines, also known as slot machines, have been developed with different reel configurations, reel symbols, and paylines. More recently, gaming machines have been developed with video monitors that are used to produce simulations of mechanical spinning reels. These video-based gaming machines may use one or more video monitors to provide a wide variety of graphic effects in addition to simulated spinning reels, and may also provide secondary/bonus games using different reel arrangements or entirely different graphics. Video-based gaming machines may also be used to show card games or various types of competitions such as simulated horse races in which wagers may be placed.
Game manufacturers are continuously pressed to develop new game presentations, formats, and game graphics in an attempt to provide high entertainment value for players and thereby attract and keep players. One such improvement is the use of bonus game features to add chances for larger prizes to the game. However, adding such features to existing networked slot machine games presents unique difficulties. Traditionally, slot games contained a static bet structure. Since the prize distribution and RTP (return to player) of a slot game are based on the available bets, any new add-on bonuses have very little room for additional payout. Restrictions around RTP (return to player) prevent games from being configured below a jurisdictionally acceptable minimum or above a jurisdictionally acceptable maximum. Such restrictions typically limit a game configuration to have an RTP between 85% and 98%. This means that adding bonus games or side bet games to an existing game would not be able to increase the RTP by more than 13% in a “best case” scenario. Practically, most operators do not wish to add features that add significant percentage to the RTP above the existing configuration of the base game for which the business costs is already accounted for in the casino's cash flow structure. The result is that if bonus features are added to a game, they typically contribute a very small percentage to the RTP and lack the desired excitement of high payouts. These concerns also greatly limit the ability to add new bonus features to a game without re-designing the entire game math (the payout structure and how it is accomplished).
What is needed are ways to provide variability in the payout structure of existing slot machine games, while complying with regulations and business needs of casino operators.
Methods and systems are disclosed providing improved execution and management of slot machine game software. Base game and add-on bonus game modules are provided that have independent regulatory approval. The modules are installed on a gaming machine and executed with independent wager contributions and results, but with a sequential display of results presented as a single game round to the player. A module structure is provided allowing distribution and execution of such base and bonus game modules. Methods and software are provided for integrating presentation of results from multiple modules, reporting the results to accounting services.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method of providing wagering game for presenting results from separate game modules as a single game round to a player. A module structure is provided for achieving the method using independent prize generators but a single game engine executing program code and displaying graphics from the separate base game and add-on bonus game modules. Methods and software are provided for installing and configuring the modules.
Another aspect of the invention is a computer program stored on a non-transitory readable medium. The software version is, of course, typically designed to be executed by a gaming machine or networked gaming system. The software includes multiple portions of computer executable code referred to as program code. Gaming results are provided in response to a wager and displayed by display program code that generates simulated slot reels each including one or more symbol locations. The program also has game controller program code for determining game play results involving spins or other randomization of an array of symbols, and providing the feature game selection method or the wheel enhancement feature game mode and its animations.
Another aspect of the invention is a gaming system that includes one or more gaming servers, and a group of electronic gaming machines connected to the servers by a network, programmed to provide one of more of the methods described herein. The various functionality described herein may be distributed between the electronic gaming machines and the gaming servers in any practically functional way. For example, the current preferred architecture is for the servers to determine all aspects of game logic, random number generation, and prize awards. The gaming machines provide functionality of interfacing with the player and animating the game results to present the results received from the server in an entertaining manner. However, other embodiments of course might use a thin client architecture in which the animation is also conducted by the server and electronic gaming machines serve merely as a terminal to receive button or touchscreen input from the player and to display graphics received from the server.
Different features may be included in different versions of the invention. These and other advantages and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, considered along with the accompanying drawings.
Provided are systems and methods of reconfiguring a gaming machine to add or remove add-on bonus features to an existing base game on the gaming machine, based on the Nitro™ media management system from the assignee of the present invention, Everi Games. Also provided are systems and methods employing the new add-on bonus structure to provide wagering games. While the add-on bonus technology herein, known as “Nitro™ Bonus,” is a linked bonus product available through the Nitro™ system, other suitable systems may also employ such technology. The an add-on bonus is distributed using a module structure similar to that of a base game module, a type of digital package contain all of the code, math, art and video, audio, and data required to provide a complete add-on bonus game that plays through bonus rounds, as illustrated below.
At block 304 the package is copied to the desired gaming machines. The package is typically downloaded via the G2S (game to system communication protocol) download process to the machine, or can be loaded from a portable memory device by the operator. Next at block 306, the process receives a command from the operator, which may be made at gaming machine or remotely at a configuration server 406 (for example, an Everi Games Nitro™ host server), to modify an existing base game of a target gaming machine based on said add-on bonus package and, in response, automatically under control of an electronic processor in the gaming machine under control of a configuration software package begins installing said add-on bonus package at block 306 by and unpacking and validating said add-on bonus package, and copying its contents to the target gaming machine. Generally the installation and configuration is shown in
With these configuration options, the process sat block 314 calculates a weighted average payout of the new configuration. Such a step may also be done when presenting the options by calculating a weighted average payout for each potential option and displaying it, allowing the operator to more easily select a desired configuration. Then at block 316, in the base game configuration, process increases all wager levels in a base game paytable by the bonus wager, adds the bonus payout data to the paytable and updating all references to the maximum bet, individual bets, and all prizes that scale by bet to reflect a combined bet total of the previous configuration and the add-on bonus. This includes both modifying paytable data and return to player (RTP) data on the target gaming machine for reporting to a system accounting service by adding prizes for the add-on bonus feature in the paytable data and replacing the RTP data with the calculated weighted average payout. Note that the existing base game is not removed or replaced, only data necessary to integrate the add-on bonus is modified or added to the system. This effectively merges the add-on bonus with the existing game not only from the player point of view, but also from the operator point of view, even though their game math may function separately and regulatory approval may be made separately from the base game and other add-on bonuses. Once the add-on bonus is installed, it is referred to as a add-on bonus module.
For a non-progressive primary (base) game and a single add-on bonus, this calculation is a weighted average of the two payouts as shown in Equation 1.
EV=((Primary %*Bet)+(Add-On Bonus %*Add-On Bonus Bet))/(Bet+Add-On Bonus Bet) (1)
For example, a base game with a 30 credit bet and a RTP percentage of 90.20% and an add-on bonus with a 5 credit bet and an RTP of 90.55% is calculated as EV=((90.20%*30)+(90.55%*5))/(35)=90.25%.
For a base game including a progressive, and a single add-on bonus, the calculation is a weighted average which also takes the progressive contribution into account as shown in Equation 2.
EV=((Primary %*Bet)+(Add-On Bonus %*Add-On Bonus Bet))/(Bet+Add-On Bonus Bet)+ProgressiveGrowth %. (2)
For example, for the same base and add-on bonus numbers listed above, calculating the EV if the base game includes a progressive contribution (ProgressiveGrowth %) of 1.2% is calculated as EV=((90.20%*30)+(90.55%*5))/(35)+1.2%=91.55%. These calculations can be used to calculate the overall EV (the RTP) in cases where more than one add-on bonus is used, as can be seen in
Referring again to
As can be understood, the validation, installation, and configuration steps may be repeated for more digital add-on bonus packages that install additional add-on bonus features, as long as they are compatible with the base game and any previous add-on bonuses. As discussed, the upgrade packages may provided by a configuration server on a network including multiple gaming machines, or may be provided on by a technician carrying portable digital media like USB data drive.
While add-on packages for bonus features and bonus games have been described, this is not limiting and such digital add-on packages may be employed to add suitable features that can work in combination with an existing base game. The add-on package digital media data includes celebration graphics for performance on a group display common to the target gaming machine and multiple other gaming machines in response to a designated bonus win in the add-on bonus feature, and the method further comprises, while operating the gaming machine, in response to the designate bonus win occurring, causing the group display to display the celebration graphics.
An add-on bonus may be removed from an EGM if desired, leaving the configuration with the base game and any other add-on bonuses still installed and operating. This process merely removes and alters the data in reverse order of that shown in
As can be understood, this invention provides ability to change the configuration of an EGM through add-on bonuses with the ability to dynamically change a game's bet structure outside of the variation allowed within the game's original paytable. Changing the bet structure allows add-on bonuses to increase a game's bet amounts and to use the new bet increases to fund their prizes. Typically, an add-on bonus is limited to only contributing a small percentage of the total payout, but using the designs herein allows bonuses to payout prizes from the bonus' own funds. The base game and each add-on bonus work seamlessly together but are actually separate components with separate game math and wagers. The final RTP (return to player) is then determined by doing a weighted average of all of the payouts of each component. The addition of an add-on bonus module to a base game configuration includes adding a separate wager portion for the add-on bonus module, allowing the add-on bonus to contribute to the RTP with a higher percentage than was previously possible without re-designing the base game math. For example, if an existing base game has an RTP of 98%, a bonus module may be configured with an additional wager that contributes 10% to the combined RTP, without changing the base game math.
This process of changing a games bet structure can be done during initial game configuration, or dynamically as bonuses are assigned/un-assigned from a game through the process described above. Such flexibility in configuration provides operators with the ability to dynamically configure a game to suit their needs. Internally, the game software differentiates between the different bet sources so that any given bonus can be easily added and removed. Externally, from both the player's perspective and the operator's perspective these bets are combined into what is viewed as a single game. From the player's perspective, they are presented with a set of bets to choose from, but preferably have no visibility into how the bets are divided between the various bonuses. From the operator's perspective, they preferably see the machine playing (as it reports to the system accounting server) as a single game with both coin-in and coin-out representing the combined bet and payout of all configured bonuses.
When a player decides to wager at the machine, the process goes to block 328 where a player logs in or deposits money or a credit voucher at a gaming machine through the voucher/currency acceptor 112. To begin a game play, the method receives a wager activation on a player input device at the gaming machine at block 340, which typically consists of some input from the player to set the amount to be wagered from their credit amount on the machine. These inputs may be done through the touchscreen or buttons on the player control ledge. The wager amount may also be carried over from previous game rounds by simply starting the game with the previous wager amount set. The wager, as discussed above, is divided into sub-wagers for each of the base game and the respective active add-on bonus games. The wager activation typically happens through a ‘Play’ button on the game cabinet control ledge or touchscreen display, and serves to place the wager and start a single round of game play which includes the blocks 332-344.
In response to a wager activation, the process at block 332 produces an outcome first for the base game at block 332 using the base game prize generator. In preferred versions this outcome is a credit value, which may be a credit prize or zero, randomly selected according to the game math configuration. Next, at block 334, the game code selects a presentation to provide the credit value of the award according to the base game code and the game engine proceeds to display the selected outcome using the base game media assets. In embodiments having reels, reel displays, or simulated reels, this is conducted by spinning the reels and stopping them at a stop to display symbols in a symbol array in a spin outcome for the wager. Other embodiments may otherwise rearrange or randomize the symbols on the matrix in any suitable manner. For games that use other methods of scrambling the matrix besides simulated reels, the random outcome is determined at this step as appropriate for the game. In any event, a base game round is conducted a base game round concluding with a base game result in which a matrix of symbol locations displayed on one of the gaming displays is populated with randomly selected symbols, the base game result including a possibility of winning money value credits. Preferably, any prize awarded in the base game outcome is displayed being awarded as the outcome is displayed. Next at block 336, if the base game outcome included any significant events such as large value wins or a progressive win, a celebration event may occur at block 336, in which the EGM sends a message to the group display (typically an overhead display associated with a group of gaming machines, to display a bonus celebration.
Rather than the typical bonus game process in which bonus games have a chance of occurring based on the base game outcome, with the add-on bonus modules herein, each add-on bonus herein has a probability of triggering on any given play. This determination is made separately from any events that happen on the primary game as described below. When a play is initiated, the primary game will play through an entire play cycle before the first add-on bonus game has a chance to trigger. This means that the primary game will complete its reel spin and any base game features that may trigger on that play before transitioning to the add-on bonus. Once the primary game cycle has completed, a determination is made as to whether or not the add-on bonus should trigger. Once triggered, the add-on bonus will play through in its entirety and return the EGM back to the primary game upon completion.
To accomplish the effect of presenting a bonus feature as described herein with an independent game module from the base game, a bonus game outcome is always produced for each add-on bonus after the base game, although if a zero prize outcome is produced it may not be displayed in some embodiments. This happens at block 338, where the EGM produces an outcome for the bonus game using a prize outcome generated by the respective add-on bonus prize generator. For outcomes that do produce a positive prize amount, the process goes to the add-on bonus display sequence at block 339 and an add-on bonus outcome is displayed.
The add-on bonus prizes of course follow their own, different, game math rules configured for the add-on bonus, which may have fewer winning outcomes but with larger prizes. The game engine then displays the conduct of the bonus game to provide the generated outcome generated at block 340. This is done using the EGM game engine to select and display the add-on bonus media assets necessary to display the outcome. The prize is credited to the player credit account toward the end of the display. In this embodiment, the bonus displays trigger as a mystery trigger, meaning it occurs randomly from the player point of view without an indication in the base game result of why the bonus is triggered.
Other embodiments may follow the depicted steps but generate all add-on bonus game outcomes in advance of the base game display, and then select or create a base game display sequence to include a designated bonus trigger for add-on bonus outcomes that are triggered. The same technique may be employed for second or further add-on bonuses with a trigger being displayed in the base game outcome or in the first add-on bonus (the first time through the depicted loop).
Each add-on bonus game has a chance to result in a high value award that has an associated celebration event that, if it occurs, is displayed at block 342 by the EGM system sending a message to the group display to display the appropriate event that was loaded from the add-on bonus package at its configuration. The add-on bonus blocks are repeated if there is more than one add-on bonus configured with the base game as shown at block 344.
The EGM same EGM game engine is configured to perform the game execution for both the base game module and the add-on bonus game module, including executing code from the modules, displaying graphics and audio from the modules to produce the outcome displays, and crediting prizes from both modules to the player credit account. As discussed above, the game outcomes are reported to the system accounting server at block 346 as a single, total, outcome for tracking purposes, allowing the overall conduct of the mathematically separate games of the base and add-on bonuses to be accounted for in a manner similar to prior art games in which bonus outcomes are part of the game math of a complete base game. The result is that, once an add-on bonus (referred to in the Everi Games system as a Nitro™ Bonus) package has been configured and installed, it essentially becomes fully incorporated with the primary game and augments the behavior of the game as if it was a core feature of the game itself.
The installation process of
In preferred versions, the gaming machine 100 illustrated in
It will be appreciated that gaming machines may also include a number of other player interface devices in addition to devices that are considered player controls for use in playing a particular game. The ledge may also include a hardware special object including a button, touch sensor, or switches, joysticks, or other mechanical input devices, and/or virtual buttons and other controls implemented on a suitable touchscreen video display. Gaming machine 100 also includes a currency/voucher acceptor having an input ramp 112, a player card reader having a player card input 114, and a voucher/receipt printer having a voucher/receipt output 115. Audio speakers 116 generate an audio output to enhance the user's playing experience. Numerous other types of devices may be included in gaming machines that may be used according to the present invention.
Those familiar with data processing devices and systems will appreciate that other basic electronic components will be included in gaming machine 100 such as a power supply, cooling systems for the various system components, audio amplifiers, and other devices that are common in gaming machines. These additional devices are omitted from the drawings so as not to obscure the present invention in unnecessary detail.
All of the elements 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, and 211 shown in
It will also be appreciated that graphics processors are also commonly a part of modern computer systems. Although separate graphics processor 215 is shown for controlling primary video display device 104 and secondary video display device 107, and graphics processor 216 is shown for controlling both auxiliary display devices 108 and 109, it will be appreciated that CPU 205 may control all of the display devices directly without any intermediate graphics processor. The group display device 108 may include its own controller and graphics processor for driving the group display in response to commands received over a network connection from the connected group of gaming machines. The invention is not limited to any particular arrangement of processing devices for controlling the video display device included with gaming machine 100. Also, a gaming machine implementing the present invention is not limited to any particular number of video display devices or other types of display devices.
In the illustrated gaming machine 100, CPU 205 executes software which ultimately controls the entire gaming machine including the receipt of player inputs and the presentation of the graphic symbols displayed according to the invention through the display devices 104, 107, 108, and 109 associated with the gaming machine. As will be discussed further below, CPU 205 either alone or in combination with graphics processor 215 may implement a presentation controller for performing functions associated with a primary game that may be available through the gaming machine, and may also implement a game client for directing one or more display devices at the gaming machine to display the feature game mode according to the present invention. CPU 205 also executes software related to communications handled through network controller 210, and software related to various peripheral devices such as those connected to the system through audio controller 209, serial interface 211, and touch screen controller 217. CPU 205 may also execute software to perform accounting functions associated with game play. Random access memory 206 provides memory for use by CPU 205 in executing its various software programs, while the nonvolatile memory or storage device 207 may comprise a hard drive or other mass storage device providing storage for programs not in use or for other data generated or used in the course of gaming machine operation. Network controller 210 provides an interface to other components of a gaming system in which gaming machine 100 is included. In particular, network controller 210 provides an interface to a game controller which controls certain aspects of the persistent game mode as will be discussed below in connection with
It should be noted that the invention is not limited to gaming machines employing the arrangement of processing devices and interfaces shown in example gaming machine 100. Other gaming machines through which the features herein are implemented may include one or more special purpose processing devices to perform the various processing steps for implementing the present invention, such as generating random numbers or checking the security status of software packages or gaming credit vouchers. Unlike processing devices such as CPU 205, these special purpose processing devices may not employ operational program code to direct the various processing steps.
Still referring to the hardware and logical block diagram 200 showing an example design for a gaming machine 100, the depicted machine in operation is controlled generally by CPU 205 which stores operating programs and data in memory 207 with base game 202, add-on bonus 204, user interface 220, network controller 210, audio/visual controllers, and reel assembly 213 (if mechanical reel configuration). The add-on bonus 204, once installed, also is held in non-volatile memory of the EGM, preferably a separate flash drive or hard drive from the memory holding the EGM operating system. CPU or game processor 205 may comprise a conventional microprocessor, such as an Intel microprocessor, mounted on a printed circuit board with supporting ports, drivers, memory, software, and firmware to communicate with and control gaming machine operations, such as through the execution of coding stored in memory 207 including one or more base games 202, and bonus modules 204. Game processor 205 connects to user interface 220 such that a player may enter input information, and game processor 205 may respond according to its programming, such as to apply a wager and initiate execution of a game.
Game processor 205 also may connect through network controller 210 to a gaming network, such as example casino server network 400 shown in
Referring to
As shown, networked gaming machines 100 (EGM1-EGM4) and one or more overhead group displays 408 may be network connected and enable the content of one or more displays of gaming machines 100 to be mirrored or replayed on an overhead display. EGMs 100 may also feed celebration graphics directly to the overhead displays 408 in the course of providing games, for example to show a celebration for a large bonus win on a particular EGM 100. The primary display content may also be stored by the display controller or game processor 205 and transmitted through network controller 210 to the overhead display controller either substantially simultaneously or at a subsequent time according to either periodic programming executed by game processor 205 or a triggering event, such as a jackpot or large win, at a respective gaming machine 100. In the event that gaming machines 100 have cameras installed, the respective player's video images may be displayed on overhead display 408 along with the content of the player's gaming machine 100 and any associated audio feed.
In one or more embodiments, game server 403 may provide server-based games and/or game services to network connected gaming devices, such as gaming machines 100 (which may be connected by network cable or wirelessly). Progressive server 407 may accumulate progressive awards by receiving defined amounts (such as a percentage of the wagers from eligible gaming devices or by receiving funding from marketing or casino funds) and provide progressive awards to winning gaming devices upon a progressive event, such as a progressive jackpot game outcome or other triggering event such as a random or pseudo-random win determination at a networked gaming device or server (such as to provide a large potential award to players playing the community feature game). Progressive prizes may be made available to be won through display on the when enhancement feature game wheel's symbol locations 502, and may be added to the wheel by either a symbol location modifier or a wheel modifier type player selectable event 503 in the course of the wheel enhancement feature game. Accounting server 411 may receive gaming data from each of the networked gaming devices, perform audit functions, and provide data for analysis programs, such as the IGT Mariposa program bundle.
Player account server 409 may maintain player account records, and store persistent player data such as accumulated player points and/or player preferences (e.g. game personalizing selections or options). For example, the player tracking display may be programmed to display a player menu that may include a choice of personalized gaming selections that may be applied to a gaming machine 100 being played by the player.
In one or more embodiments, the player menu may be programmed to display after a player inserts a player card into the card reader. When the card reader is inserted, an identification may be read from the card and transmitted to player account server 409. Player account server 409 transmits player information through network controller 210 to user interface 220 for display on the player tracking display. The player tracking display may provide a personalized welcome to the player, the player's current player points, and any additional personalized data. If the player has not previously made a selection, then this information may or may not be displayed. Once the player makes a personalizing selection, the information may be transmitted to game processor 205 for storing and use during the player's game play. Also, the player's selection may be transmitted to player account server 409 where it may be stored in association with the player's account for transmission to the player in future gaming sessions. The player may change selections at any time using the player tracking display (which may be touch sensitive or have player-selectable buttons associated with the various display selections).
In one or more embodiments, a gaming website may be accessible by players, e.g. gaming website 421, whereon one or more games may be displayed as described herein and played by a player such as through the use of personal computer 423 or handheld wireless device 425 (e.g. Apple iPhone, Android phone, tablet, phablet, virtual reality device, iPad, etc.). To enter the website, a player may log in with a username (that may be associated with the player's account information stored on player account server 409 or be accessible by a casino operator to obtain player data and provide promotional offers), play various games on the website, make various personalizing selections and save the information, so that during a next gaming session at a casino establishment, the player's playing data and personalized information may be associated with the player's account and accessible at the player's selected gaming machine 100.
The gaming area of a reel-type primary game in this version is a matrix 51 of symbol locations arranged in rows and columns to represent simulated slot machine reels that are spun to conduct a game round. Add-on bonus games as described herein may also be reel-type games or other types of games. Other embodiments may, of course, use other types of game displays to display randomizing of symbols according to the methods herein. The depicted columns of symbols labeled 52 represent the simulated reels, while symbols are shown in each symbol location designated 54. In this instance there are five reels with four symbol locations 54 displayed at a time on each reel, but the game can be played with more and less reels. The simulated reel typically has far more symbols than those displayed, and as many unique stop positions as there are symbols on the simulated reel. The stop position may be counted, for example, by numbering the symbols on the simulated reel and using the number of the symbol at the bottom of the display window (the three symbols displayed in this example), or at the top or middle. Further, while multi-symbol reels are shown, other versions may use simulated uni-symbol reels, or a reel that has many symbols thereon but only a single window to the reel simulated, displaying a single symbol from the reel. Some variations of the present invention may use a simulated uni-symbol reel in each depicted symbol location 54. Surrounding the matrix 51 is background graphics 53, which may be above, beside, below, between or behind the symbol locations 54 of matrix 51.
Winning patterns are typically formed by matching symbols along defined paylines that pass through the matrix 51. Box 60, which displays the current wager and amount bet per payline. Other versions may not have a designated bet per line. To the right of box 60 is box 62, which displays the current credits in the player's account. In the bottom center a touchscreen play button 66 is presented in the lower central area of the display, which may show other game state related graphics. Right of this is win box 64, which displays the player's last awarded winnings. The wager credit denomination is shown in box 63. Along the bottom edge of the matrix 51 there is a message line, where the game station can display further instructions to the player.
Referring generally to the description herein, any use of ordinal terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to refer to an element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence, or order of one element over another, or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed. Rather, unless specifically stated otherwise, such ordinal terms are used merely as labels to distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term).
Further, as described herein, the various features have been provided in the context of various described embodiments, but may be used in other embodiments. The combinations of features described herein should not be interpreted to be limiting, and the features herein may be used in any working combination or sub-combination according to the invention. This description should therefore be interpreted as providing written support, under U.S. patent law and any relevant foreign patent laws, for any working combination or some sub-combination of the features herein.
The above described preferred embodiments are intended to illustrate the principles of the invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention. Various other embodiments and modifications to these preferred embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/566,499 filed Oct. 1, 2017, titled “Gaming Machine And Method For Integrating New Bonus Schemes To Existing Games,” which application is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62566499 | Oct 2017 | US |
