Patent Grant
8545312
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains or may contain material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the photocopy reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure in exactly the form it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
Gaming devices that provide players awards in primary or base games are well known. These gaming devices generally require a player to place a wager or pay a fee to initiate a play of the primary game. Upon receipt of the wager or fee, the gaming devices display a play of the primary game, display an outcome for the play of the primary game, and in some instances provide the player an award associated with the outcome of the primary game. Certain commercially available gaming devices provide bonus awards, bonus events, or both to a player based on the player's rate of play of the primary game. Generally, the faster a player plays the primary game, the more likely the gaming device will provide the player with a bonus award and/or a bonus event.
Certain other commercially available gaming devices enable players to play more than one wagering game simultaneously. Certain of these gaming devices enable players to play multiple plays of a same wagering game simultaneously, multiple plays of different wagering games simultaneously, or both. Providing a gaming device in which a player may play multiple plays of one or more wagering games at once enhances player enjoyment and excitement by reducing the boredom and monotony of playing a single play of the same wagering game several consecutive times at the same gaming device. Therefore, to increase player enjoyment and excitement, it is desirable to provide players with new types of gaming devices enabling simultaneous wagering game play that include new and different schemes and features, such as primary game features and bonus game features. A continuing need thus exists to provide new and exciting gaming devices and methods providing simultaneous wagering game play.
Various embodiments of the gaming systems, gaming devices, and methods of operating the gaming systems and gaming devices of the present disclosure are configured to change one or more awards available to be won by a player for an initiated but not completed play of a game (i.e., a pending play of a game) based on a quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game. In various embodiments, the gaming system of the present disclosure enables a player to sequentially initiate multiple plays of a game such that a plurality of those plays are concurrently pending. Each play of the game includes one or more awards available to be won (i.e., winnable awards) in that play of the game. In certain embodiments, when a quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game is greater than or equal to a designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system changes one or more of the winnable awards of one or more of those concurrently pending plays of the game. For example, the gaming system may change the winnable awards of one of the concurrently pending plays of the game such that the average expected payback percentage and/or the volatility of that play of the game changes.
In some embodiments, those changed winnable awards remain changed as long as the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game is greater than or equal to (or, in some embodiments, greater than) the designated quantity of plays of the game. In these embodiments, after any winnable awards are changed, if the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game falls below the designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system returns any changed winnable awards of any pending plays of the game to their original states. In other embodiments, those changed winnable awards remain changed regardless of whether the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game is greater than or equal to (or, in some embodiments, greater than) the designated quantity of plays of the game.
In certain embodiments, the gaming system enables a plurality of players to play a community or multi-player version of a game. In one of these embodiments, the players compete against one another to achieve the highest quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game within a predetermined time period. After expiration of the predetermined time period, the gaming system ranks the players based on each player's achieved highest quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game, and provides awards and/or bonus or secondary events or features based on the ranking.
Additional features and advantages are described herein, and will be apparent from, the following Detailed Description and the Figures.
The present disclosure may be implemented in various configurations for gaming machines, gaming devices, or gaming systems, including but not limited to: (1) a dedicated gaming machine, gaming device, or gaming system wherein the computerized instructions for controlling any games (that are provided by the gaming machine or gaming device) are provided with the gaming machine or gaming device prior to delivery to a gaming establishment; and (2) a changeable gaming machine, gaming device, or gaming system wherein the computerized instructions for controlling any games (that are provided by the gaming machine or gaming device) are downloadable to the gaming machine or gaming device through a data network after the gaming machine or gaming device is in a gaming establishment. In one embodiment, the computerized instructions for controlling any games are executed by at least one central server, central controller, or remote host. In such a “thin client” embodiment, the central server remotely controls any games (or other suitable interfaces), and the gaming device is utilized to display such games (or suitable interfaces) and receive one or more inputs or commands from a player. In another embodiment, the computerized instructions for controlling any games are communicated from the central server, central controller, or remote host to a gaming device local processor and memory devices. In such a “thick client” embodiment, the gaming device local processor executes the communicated computerized instructions to control any games (or other suitable interfaces) provided to a player.
In one embodiment, one or more gaming devices in a gaming system may be thin client gaming devices and one or more gaming devices in the gaming system may be thick client gaming devices. In another embodiment, certain functions of the gaming device are implemented in a thin client environment and certain other functions of the gaming device are implemented in a thick client environment. In one such embodiment, computerized instructions for controlling the base or primary game of the present disclosure are communicated from the central server to the gaming device in a thick client configuration and computerized instructions for controlling any secondary or bonus games or functions are executed by a central server in a thin client configuration.
Referring now to the drawings, two example alternative embodiments of a gaming device disclosed herein are illustrated in
In the embodiments illustrated in
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
In one embodiment, the memory device includes flash memory and/or EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory). Any other suitable magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor memory may operate in conjunction with the gaming device disclosed herein.
In one embodiment, part or all of the program code and/or operating data described above may be stored in a detachable or removable memory device, such as, but not limited to, a suitable cartridge, disk, CD ROM, DVD, non-transitory computer readable medium, or USB memory device. In other embodiments, part or all of the program code and/or operating data described above may be downloaded to the memory device through a suitable network.
In one embodiment, an operator or a player may use such a removable memory device in a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable computing device, or another computerized platform to implement the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the gaming device or gaming machine disclosed herein is operable over a wireless network, such as part of a wireless gaming system. In this embodiment, the gaming machine may be a hand-held device, a mobile device, or any other suitable wireless device that enables a player to play any suitable game at a variety of different locations. It should be appreciated that a gaming device or gaming machine as disclosed herein may be a device that has obtained approval from a regulatory gaming commission or a device that has not obtained approval from a regulatory gaming commission. It should be appreciated that the processor and memory device may be collectively referred to herein as a “computer” or “controller.”
In one embodiment, as discussed in more detail below, the gaming device randomly generates awards and/or other game outcomes based on probability data. In one such embodiment, this random determination is provided through utilization of a random number generator (RNG), such as a true random number generator, a pseudo random number generator, or other suitable randomization process. In one embodiment, each award or other game outcome is associated with a probability and the gaming device generates the award or other game outcome to be provided to the player based on the associated probabilities. In this embodiment, since the gaming device generates outcomes randomly or based upon one or more probability calculations, there is no certainty that the gaming device will ever provide the player with any specific award or other game outcome.
In another embodiment, as discussed in more detail below, the gaming device employs a predetermined or finite set or pool of awards or other game outcomes. In this embodiment, as each award or other game outcome is provided to the player, the gaming device flags or removes the provided award or other game outcome from the predetermined set or pool. Once flagged or removed from the set or pool, the specific provided award or other game outcome from that specific pool cannot be provided to the player again. This type of gaming device provides players with all of the available awards or other game outcomes over the course of the play cycle and guarantees the amount of actual wins and losses.
In another embodiment, as discussed below, upon a player initiating game play at the gaming device, the gaming device enrolls in a bingo game. In this embodiment, a bingo server calls the bingo balls that result in a specific bingo game outcome. The resultant game outcome is communicated to the individual gaming device to be provided to a player. In one embodiment, this bingo outcome is displayed to the player as a bingo game and/or in any form in accordance with the present disclosure.
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
In another embodiment, at least one display device may be a mobile display device, such as a PDA or tablet PC, that enables play of at least a portion of the base or primary game or the secondary or bonus game at a location remote from the gaming device.
The display devices may include, without limitation, a monitor, a television display, a plasma display, a liquid crystal display (LCD) a display based on light emitting diodes (LEDs), a display based on a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), a display based on polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), a display based on a plurality of surface-conduction electron-emitters (SEDs), a display including a projected and/or reflected image, or any other suitable electronic device or display mechanism. In one embodiment, as discussed in more detail below, the display device includes a touch-screen with an associated touch-screen controller. The display devices may be of any suitable size and configuration, such as a square, a rectangle, or an elongated rectangle.
The display devices of the gaming device are configured to display at least one and preferably a plurality of game or other suitable images, symbols, and indicia such as any visual representation or exhibition of the movement of objects such as mechanical, virtual, or video reels and wheels; dynamic lighting; video images; images of people, characters, places, things, or faces of cards; and the like.
In one alternative embodiment, the symbols, images, and indicia displayed on or of the display device may be in mechanical form. That is, the display device may include any electromechanical device, such as one or more mechanical objects, such as one or more rotatable wheels, reels, or dice, configured to display at least one or a plurality of game or other suitable images, symbols or indicia.
As illustrated in
As shown in
In one embodiment, one input device is a bet one button. The player places a bet by pushing the bet one button. The player may increase the bet by one credit each time the player pushes the bet one button. When the player pushes the bet one button, the number of credits shown in the credit display preferably decreases by one, and the number of credits shown in the bet display preferably increases by one. In another embodiment, one input device is a bet max button (not shown) that enables the player to bet the maximum wager permitted for a game of the gaming device.
In one embodiment, one input device is a cash out button 34. The player may push the cash out button and cash out to receive a cash payment or other suitable form of payment corresponding to the number of remaining credits. In one embodiment, when the player cashes out, a payment device, such as a ticket, payment, or note generator 36 prints or otherwise generates a ticket or credit slip to provide to the player. The player receives the ticket or credit slip and may redeem the value associated with the ticket or credit slip via a cashier (or other suitable redemption system). In another embodiment, when the player cashes out, the player receives the coins or tokens in a coin payout tray. It should be appreciated that any suitable payout mechanisms, such as funding to the player's electronically recordable identification card or smart card, may be implemented in accordance with the gaming device disclosed herein.
In one embodiment, as mentioned above and as shown in
The gaming device may further include a plurality of communication ports for enabling communication of the processor with external peripherals, such as external video sources, expansion buses, game or other displays, a SCSI port, or a keypad.
In one embodiment, as shown in
In one embodiment, the gaming machine may include a sensor, such as a camera, in communication with the processor (and possibly controlled by the processor) that is selectively positioned to acquire an image of a player actively using the gaming device and/or the surrounding area of the gaming device. In one embodiment, the camera may be configured to selectively acquire still or moving (e.g., video) images and may be configured to acquire the images in an analog, digital, or other suitable format. The display devices may be configured to display the image acquired by the camera and to display the visible manifestation of the game in split screen or picture-in-picture fashion. For example, the camera may acquire an image of the player and the processor may incorporate that image into the base or primary game and/or the secondary or bonus game as a game image, symbol, or indicia.
Gaming device 10 incorporates the base or primary game and any secondary or bonus game associated with the base or primary game. The gaming machine or device may include some or all of the features of conventional gaming machines or devices. The gaming device may incorporate any suitable reel-type game, card game, cascading or falling symbol game, number game, or other game of chance susceptible to representation in an electronic or electromechanical form as a secondary or bonus game or feature, which in one embodiment produces a random outcome based on probability data at the time of or after placement of a wager. That is, different base or primary games or secondary or bonus games, such as video poker games, video blackjack games, video keno games, and video bingo games may be implemented.
In one embodiment, the base or primary game and/or the secondary or bonus game includes one or more paylines associated with a plurality of symbol display positions. The paylines may be horizontal, vertical, circular, diagonal, angled, or any combination thereof. In this embodiment, the gaming device includes at least one and preferably a plurality of reels, such as three to five reels, in either electromechanical form with mechanical rotating reels or video form with simulated reels and movement thereof. In one embodiment, an electromechanical slot machine includes a plurality of adjacent, rotatable reels that may be combined and operably coupled with an electronic display of any suitable type. In another embodiment, if the reels are in video form, one or more of the display devices, as discussed above, displays the plurality of simulated video reels. Each reel displays a plurality of indicia or symbols, such as bells, hearts, fruits, numbers, letters, bars, or other images that preferably correspond to a theme associated with the gaming device. In another embodiment, one or more of the reels are independent reels or unisymbol reels. In this embodiment, each independent or unisymbol reel generates and displays one symbol to the player. In one embodiment, the gaming device awards prizes after the reels stop spinning if specified types and/or configurations of indicia or symbols occur on an active payline or otherwise occur in a winning pattern, occur on the requisite number of adjacent reels, and/or occur in a scatter pay arrangement.
In an alternative embodiment, rather than determining any outcome to provide to the player by analyzing the symbols generated on any wagered upon paylines as discussed above, the gaming device determines any outcome to provide to the player based on the number of associated symbols that are generated in active symbol positions on the requisite number of adjacent reels (i.e., not on paylines passing through any displayed winning symbol combinations). In this embodiment, if a winning symbol combination is generated on the reels, the gaming device provides the player one award for that occurrence of the generated winning symbol combination. For example, if one winning symbol combination is generated on the reels, the gaming device will provide a single award to the player for that winning symbol combination (i.e., not based on the number of paylines that would have passed through that winning symbol combination). It should be appreciated that because a gaming device that enables wagering on ways to win provides the player one award for a single occurrence of a winning symbol combination and a gaming device with paylines may provide the player more than one award for the same occurrence of a single winning symbol combination (i.e., if a plurality of paylines each pass through the same winning symbol combination), it is possible to provide a player at a ways to win gaming device with more ways to win for an equivalent bet or wager on a traditional slot gaming device with paylines.
In one embodiment, the total number of ways to win is determined by multiplying the number of symbols generated in active symbol positions on a first reel by the number of symbols generated in active symbol positions on a second reel by the number of symbols generated in active symbol positions on a third reel and so on for each reel of the gaming device with at least one symbol generated in an active symbol position. For example, a three reel gaming device with three symbols generated in active symbol positions on each reel includes 27 ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×3 symbols on the second reel×3 symbols on the third reel). A four reel gaming device with three symbols generated in active symbol positions on each reel includes 81 ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×3 symbols on the second reel×3 symbols on the third reel×3 symbols on the fourth reel). A five reel gaming device with three symbols generated in active symbol positions on each reel includes 243 ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×3 symbols on the second reel×3 symbols on the third reel×3 symbols on the fourth reel×3 symbols on the fifth reel). It should be appreciated that modifying the number of generated symbols by either modifying the number of reels or modifying the number of symbols generated in active symbol positions by one or more of the reels modifies the number of ways to win.
In another embodiment, the gaming device enables a player to wager on and thus activate symbol positions. In one such embodiment, the symbol positions are on the reels. In this embodiment, if a reel is activated based on the player's wager, then each of the symbol positions of that reel will be activated and each of the active symbol positions will be part of one or more of the ways to win. In one embodiment, if a reel is not activated based on the player's wager, then a designated number of default symbol positions, such as a single symbol position of the middle row of the reel, will be activated and the default symbol position(s) will be part of one or more of the ways to win. This type of gaming machine enables a player to wager on one, more than one, or all of the reels, and the processor of the gaming device uses the number of wagered on reels to determine the active symbol positions and the number of possible ways to win. In alternative embodiments, (1) no symbols are displayed as generated at any of the inactive symbol positions, or (2) any symbols generated at any inactive symbol positions may be displayed to the player but suitably shaded or otherwise designated as inactive.
In one embodiment wherein a player wagers on one or more reels, a player's wager of one credit may activate each of the three symbol positions on a first reel, wherein one default symbol position is activated on each of the remaining four reels. In this example, as discussed above, the gaming device provides the player three ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×1 symbol on the second reel×1 symbol on the third reel×1 symbol on the fourth reel×1 symbol on the fifth reel). In another example, a player's wager of nine credits may activate each of the three symbol positions on a first reel, each of the three symbol positions on a second reel and each of the three symbol positions on a third reel wherein one default symbol position is activated on each of the remaining two reels. In this example, as discussed above, the gaming device provides the player twenty-seven ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×3 symbols on the second reel×3 symbols on the third reel×1 symbol on the fourth reel×1 symbol on the fifth reel).
In one embodiment, to determine any award(s) to provide to the player based on the generated symbols, the gaming device individually determines if a symbol generated in an active symbol position on a first reel forms part of a winning symbol combination with or is otherwise suitably related to a symbol generated in an active symbol position on a second reel. In this embodiment, the gaming device classifies each pair of symbols that form part of a winning symbol combination (i.e., each pair of related symbols) as a string of related symbols. For example, if active symbol positions include a first cherry symbol generated in the top row of a first reel and a second cherry symbol generated in the bottom row of a second reel, the gaming device classifies the two cherry symbols as a string of related symbols because the two cherry symbols form part of a winning symbol combination.
After determining if any strings of related symbols are formed between the symbols on the first reel and the symbols on the second reel, the gaming device determines if any of the symbols from the next adjacent reel should be added to any of the formed strings of related symbols. In this embodiment, for a first of the classified strings of related symbols, the gaming device determines if any of the symbols generated by the next adjacent reel form part of a winning symbol combination or are otherwise related to the symbols of the first string of related symbols. If the gaming device determines that a symbol generated on the next adjacent reel is related to the symbols of the first string of related symbols, that symbol is subsequently added to the first string of related symbols. For example, if the first string of related symbols is the string of related cherry symbols and a related cherry symbol is generated in the middle row of the third reel, the gaming device adds the related cherry symbol generated on the third reel to the previously classified string of cherry symbols.
On the other hand, if the gaming device determines that no symbols generated on the next adjacent reel are related to the symbols of the first string of related symbols, the gaming device marks or flags such string of related symbols as complete. For example, if the first string of related symbols is the string of related cherry symbols and none of the symbols of the third reel are related to the cherry symbols of the previously classified string of cherry symbols, the gaming device marks or flags the string of two cherry symbols as complete.
After either adding a related symbol to the first string of related symbols or marking the first string of related symbols as complete, the gaming device proceeds as discussed above for each of the remaining classified strings of related symbols that were previously classified or formed from related symbols on the first and second reels.
After analyzing each of the remaining strings of related symbols, the gaming device determines, for each remaining pending or incomplete string of related symbols, if any of the symbols from the next adjacent reel should be added to any of the previously classified strings of related symbols. This process continues until either each string of related symbols is complete or there are no more adjacent reels of symbols to analyze. In this embodiment, where there are no more adjacent reels of symbols to analyze, the gaming device marks each of the remaining pending strings of related symbols as complete.
When each of the strings of related symbols is marked complete, the gaming device compares each of the strings of related symbols to an appropriate paytable and provides the player any award associated with each of the completed strings of symbols. It should be appreciated that the player is provided one award, if any, for each string of related symbols generated in active symbol positions (i.e., as opposed to a quantity of awards being based on how many paylines that would have passed through each of the strings of related symbols in active symbol positions).
In one embodiment, base or primary game or the secondary or bonus game may be a poker game wherein the gaming device enables the player to play a conventional game of video draw poker and initially deals five cards all face up from a virtual deck of fifty-two cards. Cards may be dealt as in a traditional game of cards or in the case of the gaming device, the cards may be randomly selected from a predetermined number of cards. If the player wishes to draw, the player selects the cards to hold via one or more input devices, such as by pressing related hold buttons or via the touch screen. The player then presses the deal button and the unwanted or discarded cards are removed from the display and the gaming machine deals the replacement cards from the remaining cards in the deck. This results in a final five-card hand. The gaming device compares the final five-card hand to a payout table that utilizes conventional poker hand rankings to determine the winning hands. The gaming device provides the player with an award based on a winning hand and the number of credits the player wagered.
In another embodiment, the base or primary game or the secondary or bonus game may be a multi-hand version of video poker. In this embodiment, the gaming device deals the player at least two hands of cards. In one such embodiment, the cards are the same cards. In one embodiment each hand of cards is associated with its own deck of cards. The player chooses the cards to hold in a primary hand. The held cards in the primary hand are also held in the other hands of cards. The remaining non-held cards are removed from each hand displayed and for each hand replacement cards are randomly dealt into that hand. Since the replacement cards are randomly dealt independently for each hand, the replacement cards for each hand will usually be different. The poker hand rankings are then determined hand by hand against a payout table and awards are provided to the player.
In one embodiment, the base or primary game or the secondary or bonus game may be a keno game wherein the gaming device displays a plurality of selectable indicia or numbers on at least one of the display devices. In this embodiment, the player selects at least one of a plurality of the selectable indicia or numbers via an input device such as a touch screen. The gaming device then displays a series of drawn numbers and determines an amount of matches, if any, between the player's selected numbers and the gaming device's drawn numbers. The player is provided an award based on the amount of matches, if any, based on the amount of determined matches and the number of numbers drawn.
In one embodiment, as noted above, in addition to winning credits or other awards in the base or primary game, the gaming device may also give players the opportunity to win credits in a secondary or bonus game or in a secondary or bonus round. The secondary or bonus game enables the player to obtain a prize or payout in addition to the prize or payout, if any, obtained from the base or primary game. In general, a secondary or bonus game produces a significantly higher level of player excitement than the base or primary game because it provides a greater expectation of winning than the base or primary game, and is accompanied with more attractive or unusual features than the base or primary game. In one embodiment, the secondary or bonus game may be any type of suitable game, either similar to or completely different from the base or primary game.
In one embodiment, the triggering event or qualifying condition may be a selected outcome in the base or primary game or a particular arrangement of one or more indicia on a display device in the base or primary game, such as a BONUS symbol appearing on three adjacent reels along a payline in the base or primary game. In other embodiments, the triggering event or qualifying condition occurs based on exceeding a certain amount of game play (such as number of games, number of credits, amount of time), or reaching a specified number of points earned during game play.
In another embodiment, gaming device processor 12 or central controller 56 randomly provides the player one or more plays of one or more secondary or bonus games. In one such embodiment, the gaming device does not provide any apparent reason to the player for qualifying to play a secondary or bonus game. In this embodiment, qualifying for a secondary or bonus game is not triggered by an event in or based specifically on any of the plays of the base or primary game. That is, the gaming device may simply qualify a player to play a secondary or bonus game without any explanation or alternatively with simple explanations. In another embodiment, the gaming device (or central server) qualifies a player for a secondary or bonus game at least partially based on a game triggered or symbol triggered event, such as at least partially based on the play of the base or primary game.
In one embodiment, the gaming device includes a program that will automatically begin a secondary or bonus round after the player has achieved a triggering event or qualifying condition in the base or primary game. In another embodiment, after a player has qualified for a secondary or bonus game, the player may subsequently enhance the player's secondary or bonus game participation through continued play of the base or primary game. Thus, for each secondary or bonus qualifying event, such as a bonus symbol, that the player obtains, a given number of secondary or bonus game wagering points or credits may be accumulated in a “bonus meter” programmed to accrue the secondary or bonus wagering credits or entries toward eventual participation in a secondary or bonus game. The occurrence of multiple such secondary or bonus qualifying events in the base or primary game may result in an arithmetic or exponential increase in the number of secondary or bonus wagering credits awarded. In one embodiment, the player may redeem extra secondary or bonus wagering credits during the secondary or bonus game to extend play of the secondary or bonus game.
In one embodiment, no separate entry fee or buy-in for a secondary or bonus game is needed. That is, a player may not purchase entry into a secondary or bonus game; rather, the player must win or earn entry through play of the base or primary game, thus encouraging play of the base or primary game. In another embodiment, qualification of the secondary or bonus game is accomplished through a simple “buy-in” by the player—for example, if the player has been unsuccessful at qualifying through other specified activities. In another embodiment, the player must make a separate side-wager on the secondary or bonus game or wager a designated amount in the base or primary game to qualify for the secondary or bonus game. In this embodiment, the secondary or bonus game triggering event must occur and the side-wager (or designated base or primary game wager amount) must have been placed to trigger the secondary or bonus game.
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
In one embodiment, the game outcome provided to the player is determined by a central server or controller and provided to the player at the gaming device. In this embodiment, each of a plurality of such gaming devices are in communication with the central server or controller. Upon a player initiating game play at one of the gaming devices, the initiated gaming device communicates a game outcome request to the central server or controller.
In one embodiment, the central server or controller receives the game outcome request and randomly generates a game outcome for the base or primary game based on probability data. In another embodiment, the central server or controller randomly generates a game outcome for the secondary or bonus game based on probability data. In another embodiment, the central server or controller randomly generates a game outcome for both the base or primary game and the secondary or bonus game based on probability data. In this embodiment, the central server or controller is capable of storing and utilizing program code or other data similar to the processor and memory device of the gaming device.
In an alternative embodiment, the central server or controller maintains one or more predetermined pools or sets of predetermined game outcomes. In this embodiment, the central server or controller receives the game outcome request and independently selects a predetermined game outcome from a set or pool of game outcomes. The central server or controller flags or marks the selected game outcome as used. Once a game outcome is flagged as used, it is prevented from further selection from the set or pool and cannot be selected by the central controller or server upon another wager. The provided game outcome may include a base or primary game outcome, a secondary or bonus game outcome, base or primary game and secondary or bonus game outcomes, or a series of game outcomes such as free games.
The central server or controller communicates the generated or selected game outcome to the initiated gaming device. The gaming device receives the generated or selected game outcome and provides the game outcome to the player. In an alternative embodiment, how the generated or selected game outcome is to be presented or displayed to the player, such as a reel symbol combination of a slot machine or a hand of cards dealt in a card game, is also determined by the central server or controller and communicated to the initiated gaming device to be presented or displayed to the player. Central production or control may assist a gaming establishment or other entity in maintaining appropriate records, controlling gaming, reducing and preventing cheating or electronic or other errors, reducing or eliminating win-loss volatility, and the like.
In another embodiment, a predetermined game outcome value is determined for each of a plurality of linked or networked gaming devices based on the results of a bingo, keno, or lottery game. In this embodiment, each individual gaming device utilizes one or more bingo, keno, or lottery games to determine the predetermined game outcome value provided to the player for the interactive game played at that gaming device. In one embodiment, the bingo, keno, or lottery game is displayed to the player. In another embodiment, the bingo, keno, or lottery game is not displayed to the player, but the results of the bingo, keno, or lottery game determine the predetermined game outcome value for the base or primary game or the secondary or bonus game.
In the various bingo embodiments, as each gaming device is enrolled in the bingo game, such as upon an appropriate wager or engaging an input device, the enrolled gaming device is provided or associated with a different bingo card. Each bingo card consists of a matrix or array of elements, wherein each element is designated with a separate indicia, such as a number. It should be appreciated that each different bingo card includes a different combination of elements. For example, if four bingo cards are provided to four enrolled gaming devices, the same element may be present on all four of the bingo cards while another element may solely be present on one of the bingo cards.
In operation of these embodiments, upon providing or associating a different bingo card with each of a plurality of enrolled gaming devices, the central controller randomly selects or draws, one at a time, a plurality of the elements. As each element is selected, a determination is made for each gaming device as to whether the selected element is present on the bingo card provided to that enrolled gaming device. This determination may be made by the central controller, the gaming device, a combination of the two, or in any other suitable manner. If the selected element is present on the bingo card provided to that enrolled gaming device, that selected element on the provided bingo card is marked or flagged. This process of selecting elements and marking any selected elements on the provided bingo cards continues until one or more predetermined patterns are marked on one or more of the provided bingo cards. It should be appreciated that in one embodiment, the gaming device requires the player to engage a daub button (not shown) to initiate the process of the gaming device marking or flagging any selected elements.
After one or more predetermined patterns are marked on one or more of the provided bingo cards, a game outcome is determined for each of the enrolled gaming devices based, at least in part, on the selected elements on the provided bingo cards. As discussed above, the game outcome determined for each gaming device enrolled in the bingo game is utilized by that gaming device to determine the predetermined game outcome provided to the player. For example, a first gaming device to have selected elements marked in a predetermined pattern is provided a first outcome of win $10, which will be provided to a first player regardless of how the first player plays in a first game, and a second gaming device to have selected elements marked in a different predetermined pattern is provided a second outcome of win $2, which will be provided to a second player regardless of how the second player plays a second game. It should be appreciated that as the process of marking selected elements continues until one or more predetermined patterns are marked, this embodiment ensures that at least one bingo card will win the bingo game, and thus at least one enrolled gaming device will provide a predetermined winning game outcome to a player. It should be appreciated that other suitable methods for selecting or determining one or more predetermined game outcomes may be employed.
In one example of the above-described embodiment, the predetermined game outcome may be based on a supplemental award in addition to any award provided for winning the bingo game as discussed above. In this embodiment, if one or more elements are marked in supplemental patterns within a designated number of drawn elements, a supplemental or intermittent award or value associated with the marked supplemental pattern is provided to the player as part of the predetermined game outcome. For example, if the four corners of a bingo card are marked within the first twenty selected elements, a supplemental award of $10 is provided to the player as part of the predetermined game outcome. It should be appreciated that in this embodiment, the player of a gaming device may be provided a supplemental or intermittent award regardless of whether the enrolled gaming device's provided bingo card wins or does not win the bingo game as discussed above.
In another embodiment, one or more of the gaming devices are in communication with a central server or controller for monitoring purposes only. That is, each individual gaming device randomly generates the game outcomes to be provided to the player and the central server or controller monitors the activities and events occurring on the plurality of gaming devices. In one embodiment, the gaming network includes a real-time or on-line accounting and gaming information system operably coupled to the central server or controller. The accounting and gaming information system of this embodiment includes a player database for storing player profiles, a player tracking module for tracking players and a credit system for providing automated casino transactions.
In one embodiment, the gaming device disclosed herein is associated with or otherwise integrated with one or more player tracking systems. Player tracking systems enable gaming establishments to recognize the value of customer loyalty through identifying frequent customers and rewarding them for their patronage. In one embodiment, the gaming device and/or player tracking system tracks any player's gaming activity at the gaming device. In one such embodiment, the gaming device includes at least one card reader 38 in communication with the processor. In this embodiment, a player is issued a player identification card that has an encoded player identification number that uniquely identifies the player. When a player inserts the player's playing tracking card into the card reader to begin a gaming session, the card reader reads the player identification number off the player tracking card to identify the player. The gaming device and/or associated player tracking system timely tracks any suitable information or data relating to the identified player's gaming session. Directly or via the central controller, the gaming device processor communicates such information to the player tracking system. The gaming device and/or associated player tracking system also timely tracks when a player removes the player's player tracking card when concluding play for that gaming session. In another embodiment, rather than requiring a player to insert a player tracking card, the gaming device utilizes one or more portable devices carried by a player, such as a cell phone, a radio frequency identification tag, or any other suitable wireless device to track when a player begins and ends a gaming session. In another embodiment, the gaming device utilizes any suitable biometric technology or ticket technology to track when a player begins and ends a gaming session.
During one or more gaming sessions, the gaming device and/or player tracking system tracks any suitable information or data, such as any amounts wagered, average wager amounts, and/or the time at which these wagers are placed. In different embodiments, for one or more players, the player tracking system includes the player's account number, the player's card number, the player's first name, the player's surname, the player's preferred name, the player's player tracking ranking, any promotion status associated with the player's player tracking card, the player's address, the player's birthday, the player's anniversary, the player's recent gaming sessions, or any other suitable data. In one embodiment, such tracked information and/or any suitable feature associated with the player tracking system is displayed on a player tracking display 40. In another embodiment, such tracked information and/or any suitable feature associated with the player tracking system is displayed via one or more service windows (not shown) that are displayed on the central display device and/or the upper display device.
In one embodiment, a plurality of the gaming devices are capable of being connected together through a data network. In one embodiment, the data network is a local area network (LAN), in which one or more of the gaming devices are substantially proximate to each other and an on-site central server or controller as in, for example, a gaming establishment or a portion of a gaming establishment. In another embodiment, the data network is a wide area network (WAN) in which one or more of the gaming devices are in communication with at least one off-site central server or controller. In this embodiment, the plurality of gaming devices may be located in a different part of the gaming establishment or within a different gaming establishment than the off-site central server or controller. Thus, the WAN may include an off-site central server or controller and an off-site gaming device located within gaming establishments in the same geographic area, such as a city or state. The WAN gaming system may be substantially identical to the LAN gaming system described above, although the number of gaming devices in each system may vary relative to one another.
In another embodiment, the data network is an internet or intranet. In this embodiment, the operation of the gaming device may be viewed at the gaming device with at least one internet browser. In this embodiment, operation of the gaming device and accumulation of credits may be accomplished with only a connection to the central server or controller (the internet/intranet server) through a conventional phone or other data transmission line, digital subscriber line (DSL), T−1 line, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, or other suitable connection. In this embodiment, players may access an internet game page from any location where an internet connection and computer or other internet facilitator is available. The expansion in the number of computers and number and speed of internet connections in recent years increases opportunities for players to play from an ever-increasing number of remote sites. It should be appreciated that the enhanced bandwidth of digital wireless communications may render such technology suitable for some or all communications, particularly if such communications are encrypted. Higher data transmission speeds may be useful for enhancing the sophistication and response of the display and interaction with the player.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the present disclosure may be employed in a server-based gaming system. In one such embodiment, as discussed above, one or more gaming devices are in communication with a central server or controller. The central server or controller may be any suitable server or computing device that includes at least one processor and a memory or storage device. In alternative embodiments, the central server is a progressive controller or another gaming machine in the gaming system. In one embodiment, the memory device of the central server stores different game programs and instructions, executable by a gaming device processor, to control the gaming device. Each executable game program represents a different game or type of game that may be played on one or more of the gaming devices in the gaming system. Such different games may include the same or substantially the same game play with different pay tables. In different embodiments, the executable game program is for the base or primary game, a secondary or bonus game, or both. In another embodiment, the game program may be executable as a secondary or bonus game to be played simultaneous with the play of the base or primary game (that may be downloaded to or affixed on the gaming device) or vice versa.
In this embodiment, each gaming device at least includes one or more display devices and/or one or more input devices for interaction with a player. A local processor, such as the above-described gaming device processor or a processor of a local server, is operable with the display device(s) and/or the input device(s) of one or more of the gaming devices.
In operation, the central controller is operable to communicate one or more of the stored game programs to at least one local processor. In different embodiments, the stored game programs are communicated or delivered by embedding the communicated game program in a device or a component (e.g., a microchip to be inserted in a gaming device), writing the game program on a disc or other media, or downloading or streaming the game program over a dedicated data network, internet, or a telephone line. After the stored game programs are communicated from the central server, the local processor executes the communicated program to facilitate play of the communicated program by a player through the display device(s) and/or input device(s) of the gaming device. That is, when a game program is communicated to a local processor, the local processor changes the game or type of game played at the gaming device.
In another embodiment, a plurality of gaming devices at one or more gaming sites may be networked to the central server in a progressive configuration, as known in the art, wherein a portion of each wager to initiate the base or primary game may be allocated to one or more progressive awards. In one embodiment, a progressive gaming system host site computer is coupled to a plurality of the central servers at a variety of mutually remote gaming sites for providing a multi-site linked progressive automated gaming system. In one embodiment, a progressive gaming system host site computer may serve gaming devices distributed throughout a number of properties at different geographical locations including, for example, different locations within a city or different cities within a state.
In one embodiment, the progressive gaming system host site computer is maintained for the overall operation and control of the progressive gaming system. In this embodiment, a progressive gaming system host site computer oversees the entire progressive gaming system and is the master for computing all progressive jackpots. All participating gaming sites report to, and receive information from, the progressive gaming system host site computer. Each central server computer is responsible for all data communication between the gaming device hardware and software and the progressive gaming system host site computer. In one embodiment, an individual gaming machine may trigger a progressive award win. In another embodiment, a central server (or the progressive gaming system host site computer) determines when a progressive award win is triggered. In another embodiment, an individual gaming machine and a central controller (or progressive gaming system host site computer) work in conjunction with each other to determine when a progressive win is triggered, for example through an individual gaming machine meeting a predetermined requirement established by the central controller.
In one embodiment, a progressive award win is triggered based on one or more game play events, such as a symbol-driven trigger. In other embodiments, the progressive award triggering event or qualifying condition may be achieved by exceeding a certain amount of game play (such as number of games, number of credits, or amount of time), or reaching a specified number of points earned during game play. In another embodiment, a gaming device is randomly or apparently randomly selected to provide a player of that gaming device one or more progressive awards. In one such embodiment, the gaming device does not provide any apparent reasons to the player for winning a progressive award, wherein winning the progressive award is not triggered by an event in or based specifically on any of the plays of the base or primary game. That is, a player is provided a progressive award without any explanation or, alternatively, with simple explanations. In another embodiment, a player is provided a progressive award at least partially based on a game triggered or symbol triggered event, such as at least partially based on the play of the base or primary game.
In one embodiment, one or more of the progressive awards are each funded via a side bet or side wager. In this embodiment, a player must place or wager a side bet to be eligible to win the progressive award associated with the side bet. In one embodiment, the player must place the maximum bet and the side bet to be eligible to win one of the progressive awards. In another embodiment, if the player places or wagers the required side bet, the player may wager any credit amount during the base or primary game (i.e., the player need not place the maximum bet and the side bet to be eligible to win one of the progressive awards). In one such embodiment, the greater the player's wager (in addition to the placed side bet), the greater the odds or probability that the player will win one of the progressive awards. It should be appreciated that one or more of the progressive awards may each be funded, at least in part, based on the wagers placed on the base or primary game of the gaming machines in the gaming system, via a gaming establishment or via any suitable manner.
In another embodiment, one or more of the progressive awards are partially funded via a side-bet or side-wager that the player may make (and that may be tracked via a side-bet meter). In one embodiment, one or more of the progressive awards are funded with only side-bets or side-wagers placed. In another embodiment, one or more of the progressive awards are funded based on players' wagers as discussed above as well as any side-bets or side-wagers placed.
In one alternative embodiment, a minimum wager level is required for a gaming device to qualify to be selected to obtain one of the progressive awards. In one embodiment, this minimum wager level is the maximum wager level for the base or primary game in the gaming machine. In another embodiment, no minimum wager level is required for a gaming machine to qualify to be selected to obtain one of the progressive awards.
In another embodiment, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices in a gaming system participate in a group gaming environment. In one embodiment, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices work in conjunction with one another, such as by playing together as a team or group, to win one or more awards. In one such embodiment, any award won by the group is shared, either equally or based on any suitable criteria, among the different players of the group. In another embodiment, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices compete against one another for one or more awards. In one such embodiment, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices participate in a gaming tournament for one or more awards. In another embodiment, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices play for one or more awards wherein an outcome generated by one gaming device affects the outcomes generated by one or more linked gaming devices.
Various embodiments of the gaming systems, gaming devices, and methods of operating the gaming systems and gaming devices of the present disclosure are configured to change one or more awards available to be won by a player (i.e., winnable awards) for an initiated but not completed play of a game (i.e., a pending play of a game) based on a quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game. Generally, the gaming system of the present disclosure enables a player to sequentially initiate multiple plays of a game such that a plurality of those plays are concurrently pending. Each play of the game includes one or more winnable awards that may be provided to the player for that play of the game. When a quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game is greater than or equal to a designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system changes one or more of the winnable awards of one or more of those concurrently pending plays of the game. In certain embodiments, those changed winnable awards remain changed as long as the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game is greater than or equal to (or, in some embodiments, greater than) the designated quantity of plays of the game. In this embodiment, after any winnable awards are changed, if the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game falls below the designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system returns any changed winnable awards of any pending plays of the game to their original states. It should thus be appreciated that players are incentivized to quickly initiate sequential plays of the game so that the gaming system changes the winnable awards for one or more of those plays of the game and the players may take advantage of any changed winnable awards (which are advantageous to the players). It should also be appreciated that players are incentivized to maintain a high quantity of pending plays at once to maintain any changed winnable awards.
As shown in
Obstacle area 140 includes obstacles 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e, 140f, 140g, 140h, 140i, 140j, 140k, 140l, 140m, 140n, 140o, 140p, 140q, 140r, 140s, 140t, 140u, 140v, 140w, 140x, 140y, 140z, 140aa, 140bb, 140 cc, 140dd, and 140ee. In this embodiment, obstacles 140a to 140ee are pegs, and are referred to herein as pegs 140a to 140ee. Similarly, obstacle area 140 is referred to herein as peg area 140. Each of pegs 140a through 140ee is associated with a set of coordinates within peg area 140. Each set of coordinates defines the position at which that peg is displayed within peg area 140. In certain embodiments, the coordinates of adjacent pegs are equidistant from one another, and in other embodiments, the coordinates of adjacent pegs are not equidistant from one another. In other words, the distance between the coordinates of certain adjacent obstacles may vary in certain embodiments and may not vary in other embodiments.
Object ending area 150 includes object ending positions 150a, 150b, 150c, 150d, 150e, 150f, 150g, and 150h. In this embodiment, each of the object ending positions is associated with an award that may be provided to a player for a play of the obstacle board game. In other words, each of the object ending positions is associated with a winnable award. Specifically, object ending position 150a is associated with a winnable award of 0 credits, object ending position 150b is associated with a winnable award of 10 credits, object ending position 150c is associated with a winnable award of 0 credits, object ending position 150d is associated with a winnable award of 25 credits, object ending position 150e is associated with a winnable award of 50 credits, object ending position 150f is associated with a winnable award of 0 credits, object ending position 150g is associated with a winnable award of 10 credits, and object ending position 150h is associated with a winnable award of 0 credits. It should be appreciated than the object ending positions may be associated with any suitable winnable awards. It should also be appreciated that any suitable types of winnable awards may be employed. It should further be appreciated that, in certain embodiments, fewer than all of the object ending positions are associated with a winnable award.
It should be appreciated that the object starting area may include any suitable quantity of object starting positions and may be configured in any suitable manner. For example, in certain embodiments the object starting area is located above the obstacle area. These embodiments may not include the spring or the object launch pad. Rather, in these embodiments objects are released from the object starting area and fall into and through the obstacle area. In some embodiments including a plurality of object starting positions, the gaming system randomly determines which of the object starting positions to employ, while in other embodiments the gaming system enables the player to determine which of the object starting positions to employ. It should also be appreciated that the obstacle area may include any suitable quantity of obstacles and that the obstacle ending area may include any suitable quantity of obstacle ending positions. It should further be appreciated that the object starting area may include object starting positions that are not uniform in size, that the object ending area may include object ending positions that are not uniform in size, and that the obstacle area may include obstacles that are not uniform in size. The obstacles may be of any suitable shape, and any suitable types of obstacles may be employed.
In this embodiment, a player establishes a credit balance on the gaming system prior to playing the obstacle board slot game. The player's credit balance is displayed in credit meter 128. After establishing a credit balance, when the player wishes to play the obstacle board game, the player actuates a “PLAY” or “LAUNCH” button (not shown) or makes another suitable input to initiate a play of the obstacle board slot game. After the player initiates a play of the obstacle board slot game, the gaming system: (a) deducts the cost of the play of the obstacle board game from the player's credit balance, (b) displays an object at object starting position 130a on object launch pad 135, (c) displays the object being launched up and out of chute 138, and (d) displays the object falling through peg area 140 and into one of object ending positions 150a to 150h. The gaming system provides the player with the winnable award associated with the object ending position in which the object lands, and that play of the obstacle board game ends.
More specifically, after the object is launched up and out of chute 138, it falls into peg area 140 as if pulled by gravity (or, in electromechanical embodiments including a physical objects, a physical obstacle board, and physical obstacles, is pulled by gravity and falls into the obstacle area) until it collides with or hits one of pegs 140a through 140ee. When the object collides with one of pegs 140a to 140ee (i.e., when the outer edge of the object touches or intersects with the outer edge of one of pegs 140a through 140ee), the object changes direction and may or may not change speed. This occurs because pegs 140a through 140ee and are, in this embodiment, immovable. According to the laws of physics, since the pegs do not move when hit by the object, the object must change direction, speed, or both. Accordingly, after being launched into peg area 140, the object travels through peg area 140 and collides with one or more of pegs 140a through 140ee until it falls into or lands in one of object ending positions 150a to 150h in a manner described in detail below. It should be appreciated that, in certain embodiments, when multiple objects are falling through the obstacle area simultaneously, the objects interact with one another in a manner similar to the way in which the objects interact with the obstacles (as described further below).
In this embodiment, which includes a virtual obstacle board, virtual obstacles, and virtual objects, the gaming system determines the manner in which the object travels from object starting position 130a through peg area 140 and into one of object ending positions 150a to 150h. In other words, the gaming system determines at least: (a) the path the object will follow after exiting chute 138; (b) which of pegs 140a through 140ee the object will collide with while falling through peg area 140, (c) which direction the object will fall after it collides with each peg, and (d) which one of object ending positions 150a to 150h the object will fall into. Put differently, the gaming system determines an object path in which the object: (a) begins at the object starting position 130a, (b) proceeds up and out of chute 138, (c) collides with one of more of pegs 140a through 140ee while falling through peg area 140, and (d) ends at one of object ending positions 150a to 150h. After the gaming system determines the object path, the display device displays the object moving from the object starting position up and out of the chute and into the peg area; to each of the pegs along the determined object path; and, ultimately, into the object ending position at the end of the determined object path.
The gaming system determines the object path in one of a plurality of different ways. In certain embodiments, the gaming system stores every possible object path. In other words, the gaming system stores each possible path through the obstacle area along which an object may move after being launched from the object starting position. In one of these embodiments, the gaming system determines the object path by selecting one of the stored object paths. The gaming system then displays the object moving from the object starting position along the selected stored object path through the obstacle area and into the object ending position at the end of the selected stored object path. It should be appreciated that the gaming system selects one of the stored object paths in any suitable manner, such as randomly, based on game play, based on a player input, based on weighted values, or based on a probability table or tables.
In certain other embodiments, the gaming system determines the object path by dynamically generating the object path while the object is falling through the obstacle area. In these embodiments, when the object collides with an obstacle or another object the gaming system determines the direction in which the object will fall or travel after colliding with the obstacle or object. In one of these embodiments, when the object collides with an obstacle or object the gaming system randomly determines the direction in which the object will fall or travel. Thus, in this embodiment, there is an equal likelihood that the object will fall to the right or to the left of an obstacle after a collision with the obstacle and in any direction after a collision with an object. In another one of these embodiments, when the object collides with an obstacle or object the gaming system determines the direction in which the object will fall or travel based on weighted values. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is more likely that an object will fall to either the left or the right after a collision with an obstacle and in certain directions after a collision with an object. The weighted values can be determined in any suitable manner, such as (but not limited to), based on game play, based on a player input, based on a probability table or tables, or randomly. In another one of these embodiments, the gaming system uses a physics engine to determine the direction in which the object will fall or travel after colliding with an obstacle or another object. In this embodiment, the physics engine may take the size and shape of the object or objects into account when determining the direction in which the object will travel after colliding with an obstacle or object.
It should be appreciated that in various embodiments the gaming system enables the player to make one or more of a plurality of inputs to control the manner in which the object is launched into the obstacle area. In certain embodiments, the gaming system enables the player to control the compression of the spring, which enables the player to control the speed at which the object travels upon leaving the object launch pad. That is, in these embodiments the gaming system enables the player to control the object launch speed. In other embodiments, the gaming system enables the player to control the object launch direction. In certain other embodiments, the gaming system enables the player to control the launch spin of the object (e.g., clockwise or counter clockwise and, in some embodiments, how fast the object is spinning). It should thus be appreciated that in various embodiments the gaming system enables the player to directly control one or more of the object launch speed, launch direction, or launch spin when an object is launched. In certain embodiments, the gaming system takes one or more of the player determined object launch speed, launch direction, or launch spin into account when determining the object's path through the object area, as described in detail above.
In this embodiment, when at least a designated quantity of plays of the obstacle board game are concurrently pending, the gaming system changes the winnable awards associated with one or more of the object ending positions. In this embodiment, the designated quantity of plays is ten plays, and the gaming system changes the winnable awards associated with each of the object ending positions by doubling the amounts of the winnable awards. The welcome message provides a notification that the gaming system will double the amounts of the winnable awards associated with the object ending positions when at least ten plays of the obstacle board game have been initiated but are not complete. In other words, when at least ten objects are in play at once, the gaming system doubles the amounts of the winnable awards associated with the object ending positions. It should thus be appreciated that players of the obstacle board game are incentivized to quickly initiate sequential plays of the obstacle board game so that the gaming system changes the winnable awards for each concurrently pending play of the obstacle board game. It should also be appreciated that players are incentivized to maintain a high quantity of objects in play at once to maintain any changed winnable awards.
In this embodiment, each play of the obstacle board game includes the same set of winnable awards. Specifically, each play of the obstacle board game includes the set of winnable awards associated with the obstacle ending positions. In other words, whenever a play of the obstacle board game is initiated, the winnable awards included in that play of the obstacle board game are the winnable awards that are associated with the obstacle ending positions. It should be appreciated, however, that in other embodiments each or a plurality of plays of the game include different winnable awards.
While, in this embodiment, the gaming system enables the player to pay a predetermined cost or fee to initiate a play of the obstacle board game, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments the gaming system enables the player to wager one of a plurality of wager amounts on a play of the game. In certain of these embodiments, the gaming system enables the player to wager a relatively high amount for a play of the game having relatively larger winnable awards, or the gaming system enables the player to wager a relatively low amount for a play of the game having relatively smaller winnable awards.
While, in this embodiment, the gaming system enables the player to initiate a single play of the obstacle board game at once, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments the gaming system enables the player to initiate more than one play of the obstacle board game at once. For example, in one of these embodiments the gaming system enables the player to pay double the fee or place twice a standard wager amount to initiate two plays of the game at once.
It should be appreciated that the designated quantity of plays may be any suitable quantity of plays. In certain embodiments, the designated quantity of plays is predetermined. In various embodiments, the gaming system determines the designated quantity of plays: (a) randomly, (b) based on a wager placed by the player, (c) based on an input made by the player, (d) based on information stored in a player tracking account associated with the player, (e) based on plays of the obstacle board game being played by other players (such as in a community or multi-player game setting or a tournament setting); or (f) in any other suitable manner.
It should also be appreciated that the gaming system changes one or more of the winnable awards in any suitable manner, such as (but not limited to) by: (a) increasing one or more of the winnable awards by a designated amount, (b) increasing one or more of the winnable awards by a multiplier value, (c) increasing one or more of the winnable awards by a percentage, (d) replacing one or more of the a winnable wards with one or more winnable awards of a different type, (e) replacing one or more of the winnable awards with one or more winnable awards from a predetermined set of winnable awards, (f) providing additional winnable awards of a different type (such as non-monetary awards) in addition to the existing winnable awards, (g) changing the average expected payback percentage of the play of the game, (h) changing the volatility of the game, (i) providing a bonus round in addition to or instead of a winnable award (that may or may not provide the player with additional awards), and (j) providing a play of a different game in addition to or instead of a winnable award (that may or may not provide the player with additional awards).
In certain embodiments, rather than or in addition to changing one or more winnable awards, the gaming system provides the player with one or more non-monetary awards when the quantity of concurrently pending plays equals or exceeds the designated quantity of plays. For example, in one embodiment the gaming system provides the player with an achievement for reaching certain milestone quantities of concurrently pending plays, such as thirty-five plays, forty plays, and fifty plays. In some embodiments, the gaming system provides the player with an indicator, such as a title, an icon, or an animation, such that the player is identified as having achieved those milestone quantities of concurrently pending plays.
As illustrated in
It should be appreciated that upon the player's initiation of the first play of the game, the gaming system begins monitoring the game play to determine the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game. This enables the gaming system to change the winnable awards when the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game equals or exceeds the designated quantity of plays of the game. In this embodiment, the gaming system monitors the game play by determining the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game at predetermined time intervals (such as ten or more times per second), though it should be appreciated that any suitable manner of monitoring may be employed. For example, in another embodiment, the gaming system monitors the game play by periodically determining the difference between a quantity of initiated plays during a predetermined time period (such as a time period beginning upon initiation of a gaming session) and a quantity of completed plays during that predetermined time period. This difference represents the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game for that gaming session.
As illustrated in
Since at least ten plays of the obstacle board game are concurrently pending, the gaming system automatically doubles the amounts of the winnable awards associated with the object ending positions when the gaming system determines that at least ten plays of the obstacle board game are concurrently pending. In other words, the gaming system automatically doubles the amounts of the winnable awards associated with each of the ten concurrently pending plays of the obstacle board game. Thus, as illustrated in
In this embodiment, the amounts of the changed winnable awards remain changed until fewer than ten plays of the obstacle board game are concurrently pending. In other words, the amounts of the changed winnable awards remain changed until fewer than ten objects are concurrently present within obstacle board area 120. Once fewer than ten plays of the obstacle board game are concurrently pending, the gaming system returns the changed winnable awards to their original values. To this end, the gaming system displays a message in indication box 121 including a notification to keep at least ten objects in play at once to maintain the changed winnable awards.
As illustrated in
After the initiation of the eleventh play of the obstacle board game, object 170b falls into object ending area 150e. The gaming system provides the player with the changed winnable award of 100 credits associated with object ending area 150e and increases the player's credit balance from 45 credits to 145 credits, as shown in credit meter 128. The second play of the obstacle board game is, therefore, complete. Since ten plays of the obstacle board game (the first and third to eleventh plays) are still concurrently pending after completion of the second play of the obstacle board game, the changed winnable awards associated with the first and third to eleventh plays of the obstacle board game remain changed and indication box 121 displays a message to the player including a notification that the changed winnable awards remain changed because ten objects are in play at once.
As illustrated in
Accordingly, as illustrated in
It should be appreciated that rather than returning any changed winnable awards back to their original values after the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game falls below the designated quantity of plays, in some embodiments the gaming system changes one or more of the changed winnable awards in a different manner. For example, in certain embodiments the gaming system changes one or more of the changed winnable awards by decreasing the changed winnable awards by a designated amount such that those changed winnable awards still have values greater than their original values. In certain other embodiments the gaming system changes a plurality of the changed winnable awards by returning those changed winnable awards to their original values but does not change certain other changed winnable awards.
It should thus be appreciated that in the example embodiment described above with respect to
In certain other embodiments, however, once the gaming system changes one or more winnable awards included in a play of a game when the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game equals or exceeds (or exceeds in some embodiments) the designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system does not return those changed winnable awards of that play of the game to their original values. That is, those changed winnable awards of that play of the game remain changed even when the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game falls below the designated quantity of plays of the game.
Display device 219 displays a payline that is associated with a plurality of the symbol display areas. Specifically, payline A 232a is associated with symbol display areas 231d, 231e, and 231f. For clarity and brevity, payline A 132a is sometimes referred to herein as payline A. Display device 219 displays a paytable 222 for the slot game that includes a plurality of winning symbol combinations. Paytable 222 indicates the winnable award amount associated with each respective winning symbol combination. More specifically, winning symbol combination SEVEN-SEVEN-SEVEN is associated with a winnable award of 1,000 credits; winning symbol combination DOLLAR SIGN-DOLLAR SIGN-DOLLAR SIGN is associated with a winnable award of 500 credits; winning symbol combination BAR-BAR-BAR is associated with a winnable award of 50 credits; and winning symbol combination CHERRY-CHERRY-CHERRY is associated with a winnable award of 10 credits.
It should be appreciated that the display device may display any suitable quantity of reels including any suitable quantity of corresponding symbol display areas in any suitable configuration or arrangement. It should also be appreciated that the display device may display any suitable quantity of paylines for the wagering game. It should further be appreciated that each of the displayed paylines may be associated with any suitable quantity of the symbol display areas and any suitable combination of the symbol display areas. It should be appreciated that any other suitable award determination other than a payline evaluation may be used, such as a ways to win and/or a scatter pay award determination (described in detail above). It should be appreciated that the paytable may be modified to reflect lower credit payouts when a wager that is less than the maximum wager is placed by the player for the wagering game. It should also be appreciated that any suitable paytable including any suitable quantity of winning symbol combinations may be employed, that any suitable combination of the symbols may be used as a winning symbol combinations, and that the winning symbol combinations may be associated with any suitable winnable awards. It should also be appreciated that any suitable quantity of paytables may be utilized. It should further be appreciated that any suitable symbols may be employed. The symbols may include, for example, any suitable markings or indicia such as letters, numbers, or illustrations or pictures of objects.
As shown in
In this embodiment, when at least a designated quantity of plays of the slot game are concurrently pending, the gaming system changes the winnable awards in the paytable associated with each of the concurrently pending plays of the slot game. In this embodiment, the designated quantity of plays is five plays, and the gaming system changes the winnable awards by doubling the winnable awards. The welcome message provides a notification that when at least five plays of the slot game have been initiated but are not complete, the gaming system will double the winnable awards in the paytables for those concurrently pending plays of the slot game. It should thus be appreciated that players are incentivized to concurrently play a relatively high quantity of plays of the slot game in order to increase the winnable awards associated with those plays of the slot game.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Since at least five plays of the slot game are concurrently pending, the gaming system automatically doubles the winnable awards in the paytables of each of the concurrently pending plays of the slot game. Specifically, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
Now that the first play of the slot game is complete, four plays (i.e., the second through fifth plays) of the slot game are concurrently pending. Thus, at this point the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the slot game (four) is less than the designated quantity of plays of the slot game (five). However, as explained above, in this embodiment the gaming system does not change any changed winnable awards back to their original states when the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the slot game falls below the designated quantity of plays of the slot game. Therefore, as shown in
It should be appreciated, however, that for any additional plays of the slot game that are initiated subsequent to the fifth play of the slot game, those plays will each include paytables having unchanged winnable awards unless, upon initiation, at least five plays of the slot game are concurrently pending. For example, if the first, second, and third plays of the slot game are complete; the fourth and fifth plays of the slot game are concurrently pending; and the player initiates a sixth play of the slot game, the winnable awards associated with the sixth play of the slot game are unchanged winnable awards. In this example, upon initiation of the sixth play of the slot game, only three plays of the slot game were concurrently pending (the fourth, fifth, and sixth plays). Therefore, in this example the sixth play of the slot game will include unchanged winnable awards unless the player initiates more plays of the slot game such that at least five plays of the slot game (including the sixth play) are concurrently pending.
It should be appreciated that the gaming system may change one, a plurality, or all of the winnable awards associated with a play of a game when the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game equals or exceeds (or, in some embodiments, exceeds) the designated quantity of plays of the game. In some embodiments, the quantity of winnable awards associated with a play or plays of the game that are changed is based on the relative difference between the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game and the designated quantity of plays of the game. For example, in one embodiment the designated quantity of plays of the game is five, and each play of the game is associated with ten winnable awards. In this example, when the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game equals the designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system changes one winnable award associated with each concurrently pending play of the game. In this example, for each additional play of the game initiated prior to the completion of the concurrently pending plays of the game, the gaming system changes another one of the winnable awards associated with each play of the game. For example, if six plays of the game are concurrently pending, the gaming system changes two winnable awards of each of the six concurrently pending plays of the game, and if ten plays of the game are concurrently pending, the gaming system changes six winnable awards of each of the ten concurrently pending plays of the game.
In other embodiments, the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game having one or more winnable awards changed by the gaming system is based on the relative difference between the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game and the designated quantity of plays of the game. For example, in one embodiment the designated quantity of plays of the game is five. In this example, when the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game equals the designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system changes winnable awards associated with one of the concurrently pending plays of the game. In this example, for each additional play of the game initiated prior to the completion of the concurrently pending plays of the game, the gaming system changes the winnable awards of another one of the concurrently pending plays of the game. For example, if six plays of the game are concurrently pending, the gaming system changes the winnable awards associated with two of the six concurrently pending plays of the game, and if ten plays of the game are concurrently pending, the gaming system changes the winnable awards associated with six of the ten concurrently pending plays of the game. It should be appreciated that, in certain embodiments, the gaming system determines to change the winnable awards of the plays of the game based on the order in which the plays of the game were initiated. For example, the gaming system changes the winnable awards of the earliest initiated play of the game first, and the gaming system changes the winnable awards of the latest initiated play of the game last.
In the above described embodiments, when the quantity of concurrently-pending plays of a game is greater than the designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system changes one or more of the winnable awards associated with one or more of the concurrently pending plays of the game. However, it should be appreciated that that in various other embodiments, rather than or in addition to changing one or more of the winnable awards of one or more of the concurrently pending plays of the game, the gaming system: (a) provides a bonus award, such as a predetermined, randomly determined, or progressive bonus award, to the player; (b) provides a secondary or bonus event, such as a secondary or bonus game, to the player; (c) provides a secondary or bonus game mode for the game to the player; and/or (d) unlocks one or more extra or bonus features for the game.
While each of the above embodiments were described with respect to a single game (i.e., the obstacle board game or the slot game), it should be appreciated that, in certain embodiments, the gaming system enables a player to concurrently play a plurality of plays of a plurality of games. In these embodiments, when a quantity of concurrently pending plays of the games is greater than or equal to a designated quantity of plays of the games, the gaming system changes the winnable award or awards of one or more of those concurrently pending plays of the games that may be provided to the player for those one or more concurrently pending plays of the games. In certain of these embodiments, those changed winnable awards remain changed as long as the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the games is greater than or equal to the designated quantity of plays of the games. Thereafter, if the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the games falls below the designated quantity of plays of the games, the gaming system returns any changed winnable awards of any pending plays of the games to their original winnable award states. In certain other of these embodiments, those changed winnable awards remain changed regardless of whether the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the games falls below the designated quantity of plays of the games.
In certain embodiments, the gaming system enables a plurality of players to simultaneously play a game in a community or multi-player manner. In some of these embodiments the gaming system includes a plurality of gaming devices each played by one of the players. In certain embodiments, the gaming system includes a shared display device configured to display the game. In certain other embodiments, the game is displayed on the display device of the gaming device played by each of the players. In one of these embodiments, the players compete against one another to achieve the highest number of concurrently pending plays of the game within a predetermined time period. For example, if the game is the obstacle board game described above, and the predetermined time period is fifteen seconds, the players compete against one another to achieve the most objects in the obstacle display area at the same time during those fifteen seconds. Upon the expiration of the predetermined time period, the gaming system ranks the players based upon the highest quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game the player achieved, and provides one or more of the players with an award and/or triggers a bonus or secondary game for one or more players based upon the ranking.
It should be appreciated that the above-described game may be employed for teams of players rather than individual players. In these embodiments, the teams compete against one another in a manner similar to the one described above to achieve the highest number of concurrently pending plays of the game within a predetermined time period. Upon expiration of the predetermined time period, the gaming system ranks the teams based upon the highest quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game the team achieved, and provides the players of one or more teams awards or bonus events accordingly.
It should be appreciated that the present disclosure may be implemented with respect to a plurality of concurrently pending events that occur during a play of a game rather than with respect to a plurality of concurrently pending plays of a game. More specifically, in some embodiments, when a quantity of concurrently pending random events of a play of a game is greater than or equal to a designated quantity of random events, the gaming system changes one or more winnable awards associated with one or more of those concurrently pending random events. In certain embodiments, those changed winnable awards remain changed as long as the quantity of concurrently pending random events is greater than or equal to the designated quantity of random events. In these embodiments, after the gaming system changes any winnable awards, if the quantity of concurrently pending random events falls below the designated quantity of random events, the gaming system returns any changed winnable awards of any pending random events to their original winnable award states. In certain other embodiments, those changed winnable awards remain changed regardless of whether the quantity of concurrently pending random events falls below the designated quantity of random events.
In certain embodiments, alternatively or in addition to changing winnable awards associated with concurrently pending plays of a game, the gaming system changes awards provided to players for completed plays of the game. Thus, in these embodiments, when the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game is greater than or equal to the designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system changes one or more awards already provided to the player for initiated and completed (i.e., non-pending) plays of the game.
In certain embodiments, rather than determining whether to change one or more winnable awards associated with one or more pending plays of the game based on comparing the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game with the designated quantity of plays of the game, the gaming system determines whether to change one or more winnable awards associated with one or more plays of the game based on a rate of play of the game. In this embodiment, if the player's rate of play of the game is greater than or equal to (or, in some embodiments, greater than) a designated rate of play, the gaming system changes one or more winnable awards associated with one or more pending plays of the game.
In certain embodiments, the gaming system includes a plurality of tiers of changes that may be applied to the winnable awards based on the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game. In some embodiments, the higher the quantity of concurrently pending plays of the game, the more advantageous the changes to the winnable awards. For example, in one embodiment a first change (such as a 2× multiplier) is applied to the winnable awards when ten plays of the game are concurrently pending, and a second, more advantageous change (such as a 5× multiplier) is applied to those changed winnable awards when twenty plays of the game are concurrently pending. In these embodiments, the player has incentive to sequentially initiate a high number of plays of the game in order to potentially win large awards.
It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4072930 | Lucero et al. | Feb 1978 | A |
| 4448419 | Telnaes | May 1984 | A |
| 4467424 | Hedges et al. | Aug 1984 | A |
| 4621814 | Stepan et al. | Nov 1986 | A |
| 4669731 | Clarke | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4679143 | Hagiwara | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4695053 | Vazquez, Jr. et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4805907 | Hagiwara | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4817951 | Crouch et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4837728 | Barrie et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4838552 | Hagiwara | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4842278 | Markowicz | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4844464 | Berge | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4856787 | Itkis | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4871171 | Rivero | Oct 1989 | A |
| 4874173 | Kishishita | Oct 1989 | A |
| 4926327 | Sidley | May 1990 | A |
| 4991848 | Greenwood et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5048833 | Lamle | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5092598 | Kamille | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5116055 | Tracy | May 1992 | A |
| 5123649 | Tiberio | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5127651 | Okada | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5152529 | Okada | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5159549 | Hallman, Jr. et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5178390 | Okada | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5179517 | Sarbin et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5209476 | Eiba | May 1993 | A |
| 5249800 | Hilgendorf et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5259613 | Marnell, II | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5275400 | Weingardt et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5277424 | Wilms | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5280909 | Tracy | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5286023 | Wood | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5292127 | Kelly et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5324035 | Morris et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5342047 | Heidel et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5342049 | Wichinsky et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5344144 | Canon | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5370399 | Liverance | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5371345 | LeStrange et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5377973 | Jones et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5390934 | Grassa | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5393061 | Manship et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5395111 | Inoue | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5395242 | Slye et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5397128 | Hesse et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5398938 | Money | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5411258 | Wilson et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5417430 | Breeding | May 1995 | A |
| 5450938 | Rademacher | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5456465 | Durham | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5470079 | LeStrange et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5472194 | Breeding et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5476259 | Weingardt | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5489101 | Moody | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5511781 | Wood | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5531441 | Dabrowski et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5536016 | Thompson | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5544893 | Jones et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5547192 | Ishibashi | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5560603 | Seelig et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5564700 | Celona | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5569084 | Nicastro et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5570885 | Ornstein | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5580309 | Piechowiak et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5584485 | Jones et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5584763 | Kelly et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5584764 | Inoue | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5593349 | Miguel et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5603502 | Nakagawa | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5609524 | Inoue | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5611730 | Weiss | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5626341 | Jones | May 1997 | A |
| 5639088 | Schneider et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5645486 | Nagao et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5655961 | Acres et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5664998 | Seelig et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5674128 | Holch et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5697843 | Manship et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5702304 | Acres et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5704835 | Dietz, II | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5707286 | Carlson | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5722891 | Inoue | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5741183 | Acres et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5743523 | Kelly et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5743800 | Huard et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5752882 | Acres et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5758875 | Giacalone, Jr. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5761647 | Boushy | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5762552 | Vuong | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5766076 | Pease et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5770533 | Franchi | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5775692 | Watts et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5779545 | Berg et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5779547 | SoRelle et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5779549 | Walker et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5816915 | Kadlik | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5816918 | Kelly et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5820459 | Acres et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5833537 | Barrie | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5836817 | Acres et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5851011 | Lott | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5851149 | Xidos et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5855514 | Kamille | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5855515 | Pease et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5876284 | Acres et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5885158 | Torango et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5890962 | Takemoto | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5941773 | Harlick | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5944606 | Gerow | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5947820 | Morro et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5951011 | Potter et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5951397 | Dickinson | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5967894 | Kinoshita et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5967896 | Jorasch et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5976015 | Seelig et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5980384 | Barrie | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5984779 | Bridgeman et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5984782 | Inoue | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5989121 | Sakamoto | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5993316 | Coyle et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5997400 | Seelig et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6001016 | Walker et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6004207 | Wilson, Jr. et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6007427 | Wiener | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6012982 | Piechowiak et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6019369 | Nakagawa et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6024642 | Stupak | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6033307 | Vancura | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6039648 | Guinn et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6047963 | Pierce et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6048271 | Barcelou | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6056642 | Bennett | May 2000 | A |
| 6062980 | Luciano | May 2000 | A |
| 6062981 | Luciano, Jr. | May 2000 | A |
| 6068552 | Walker et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6068553 | Parker | May 2000 | A |
| 6077162 | Weiss | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6080062 | Olson | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6089977 | Bennett | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6089980 | Gauselmann | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6102400 | Scott et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6110041 | Walker et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6110043 | Olsen | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6120376 | Cherry | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6126547 | Fier | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6139013 | Pierce et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6142872 | Walker et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6142875 | Kodachi et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6146273 | Olsen | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6152823 | Lacoste et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6155925 | Giobbi et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6159095 | Frohm et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6159096 | Yoseloff | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6159097 | Gura | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6162122 | Acres et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6168520 | Baerlocher et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6174233 | Sunaga et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6174235 | Walker et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6174237 | Stephenson | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6183366 | Goldberg et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6186894 | Mayeroff | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6190255 | Thomas et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6193606 | Walker et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6203010 | Jorasch et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6203429 | Demar et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6203430 | Walker et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6206374 | Jones | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6210275 | Olsen | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6210277 | Stefan | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6210279 | Dickinson | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6217448 | Olsen | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6220593 | Pierce et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6220961 | Keane et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6224482 | Bennett | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6224484 | Okuda et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6224486 | Walker et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6227971 | Weiss | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6231445 | Acres | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6234897 | Frohm et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6238287 | Komori et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6238288 | Walker et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6241608 | Torango | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6244958 | Acres | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6254481 | Jaffe | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6254483 | Acres | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6257981 | Acres et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6264561 | Saffari et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6270409 | Shuster | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6270412 | Crawford et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6287202 | Pascal et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6293865 | Kelly et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6293866 | Walker et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6299165 | Nagano | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6309298 | Gerow | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6309299 | Weiss | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6312330 | Jones et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6312334 | Yoseloff | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6315660 | DeMar et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6315662 | Jorasch et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6315666 | Mastera et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6319125 | Acres | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6322078 | Adams | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6322309 | Thomas et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6328649 | Randall et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6336857 | McBride | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6340158 | Pierce et al. | Jan 2002 | B2 |
| 6343989 | Wood et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6354592 | Virzi | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6358149 | Schneider et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6361441 | Walker et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6371852 | Acres | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6375567 | Acres | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6375569 | Acres | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6379248 | Jorasch et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6386977 | Hole | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6398218 | Vancura | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6398219 | Pierce et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6406369 | Baerlocher et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6413162 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6416408 | Tracy et al. | Jul 2002 | B2 |
| 6416409 | Jordan | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6419583 | Crumby et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6425828 | Walker et al. | Jul 2002 | B2 |
| 6431983 | Acres | Aug 2002 | B2 |
| 6435511 | Vancura et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6435968 | Torango | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6439995 | Hughs-Baird et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6443837 | Jaffe et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6454651 | Yoseloff | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6461241 | Webb et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6464582 | Baerlocher et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6468156 | Hughs-Baird et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6471591 | Crumby | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6506118 | Baerlocher et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6508707 | DeMar et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
| 6511375 | Kaminkow | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6511376 | Walker et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
| 6514141 | Kaminkow et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6533658 | Walker et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6533664 | Crumby | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6546374 | Esposito et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6549912 | Chen | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6554283 | Vancura et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6554709 | Brenner et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6565434 | Acres | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6565436 | Baerlocher | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6569013 | Taylor | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6569015 | Baerlocher et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6575830 | Baerlocher et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6575832 | Manfredi et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6579179 | Poole et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6589115 | Walker et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6592460 | Torango | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6595854 | Hughs-Baird et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6595855 | Sako | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6599185 | Kaminkow et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6599193 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6607437 | Casey et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6607441 | Acres | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6609971 | Vancura | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6609973 | Weiss | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6616531 | Mullins | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6620046 | Rowe | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6626758 | Parham et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6652378 | Cannon et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6656040 | Brosnan et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6656047 | Tarantino et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6656048 | Olsen | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6656052 | Abramopoulos et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6659864 | McGahn et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6666765 | Vancura | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6682419 | Webb et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6682420 | Webb et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6688977 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6692355 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6695700 | Walker et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6712693 | Hettinger | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6712695 | Mothwurf et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6712697 | Acres | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6726563 | Baerlocher et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6746016 | Perrie | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6746328 | Cannon et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6749510 | Giobbi | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6758750 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6764397 | Robb | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6776714 | Ungaro et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6776715 | Price | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6780110 | Baerlocher et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6790141 | Muir | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6800030 | Acres | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6802778 | Lemay et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6805352 | Hunter | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6811483 | Webb et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6814664 | Baerlocher et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6817948 | Pascal et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6832957 | Falconer | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6832958 | Acres et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6835134 | Poole et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6837788 | Cannon | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6851674 | Pierce et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6852030 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6860810 | Cannon et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6869361 | Sharpless et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6884167 | Walker et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6884168 | Wood et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6887154 | Luciano, Jr. et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6896261 | Pierce et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6899625 | Luciano, Jr. et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6908390 | Nguyen et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6910964 | Acres | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6913532 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6918832 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6918834 | Vancura | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6935958 | Nelson | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6939234 | Beatty | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6955600 | Glavich et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6966834 | Johnson | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6991538 | Cannon | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 7029395 | Baerlocher | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7156735 | Brosnan et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7241219 | Walker et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7297059 | Vancura et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7314411 | Lannert et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7329179 | Baerlocher | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7341518 | Muskin | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7354345 | Bortnik et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7393280 | Cannon | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7422521 | Peterson | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7513828 | Nguyen et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7594851 | Falconer | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7758417 | Jorasch et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7780517 | Saffari et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7806764 | Brosnan et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7846018 | Baerlocher | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7901294 | Walker et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 8021222 | Walker et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 20010049303 | Found | Dec 2001 | A1 |
| 20020025850 | Hafezi | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020045475 | Glavich et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020065123 | Packes, Jr. et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020071557 | Nguyen | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020077167 | Merari | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020094855 | Berman | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116615 | Nguyen et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020138594 | Rowe | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020142822 | Baerlocher et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020142829 | Inoue | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020152120 | Howington | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020165023 | Brosnan et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020183105 | Cannon et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020187834 | Rowe et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020193162 | Walker et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020198036 | Baerlocher et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030027625 | Rowe | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030027628 | Luciano | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030027630 | Kelly et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030040360 | Kaminkow | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030045350 | Baerlocher et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030050111 | Saffari | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030054878 | Benoy et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030060254 | Cuddy et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030060266 | Baerlocher | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030060269 | Paulsen et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030060272 | Glavich et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030060279 | Torango | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030064772 | Tempest et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030064773 | Baerlocher et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030064785 | Stone et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030069056 | Cormack et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030069064 | Ainsworth | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030073482 | Baerlocher et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030083943 | Adams et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030092484 | Schneider et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030119583 | Kaminkow et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030162584 | Hughs-Baird et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030162585 | Bigelow et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030181231 | Vancura et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030199321 | Williams | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030207710 | Rodgers et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030207713 | Taylor | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030211879 | Englman | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030211884 | Gauselmann | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030216166 | Baerlocher et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030222402 | Olive | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030228904 | Acres et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030232640 | Walker et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030232647 | Moser | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030236116 | Marks et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040009811 | Torango | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040029631 | Duhamel | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040038724 | Asdale | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040043815 | Kaminkow | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040048649 | Peterson et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040048652 | Ching et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040053672 | Baerlocher | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040053683 | Hartl et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040072615 | Maya et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040087368 | Gavselmann | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040087369 | Tanaka et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040137982 | Cuddy et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040147306 | Randall et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040152509 | Hornik et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040171416 | Baerlocher et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040171420 | Baerlocher et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040185929 | Walker et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040192431 | Singer et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040235552 | Gauselmann | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040242297 | Walker | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050026694 | Kelly et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050032573 | Acres et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050054429 | Baerlocher et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050070356 | Mothwurf | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050075163 | Cuddy et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050079908 | Pacey | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050079911 | Nakatsu | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050101374 | Acres | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050101375 | Webb et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050101379 | Falconer | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050101384 | Parham | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050107158 | Kanisawa et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050119047 | Olive | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050121850 | Pierce et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050143168 | Torango | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050159211 | Englman | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050176488 | Olive | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050192083 | Iwamoto | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050192099 | Nguyen et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050197180 | Kaminkow et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050209004 | Torango | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050215305 | Pierce et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050227754 | Kaminkow et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050239542 | Olsen | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050267610 | Shinoda | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050282626 | Manfredi et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060003829 | Thomas | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060025210 | Johnson | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060035694 | Fuller | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060035706 | Thomas et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060040732 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060040736 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060052159 | Cahill et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060052161 | Soukup et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060052162 | Soukup et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060073889 | Edidin et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060073897 | Englman et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060121972 | Walker et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060154722 | Walker et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060178203 | Hughes et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060252508 | Walker et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20070004508 | Walker et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060247 | Low et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060251 | Pierce et al. | Mar 2007 | A9 |
| 20070060319 | Block et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070077988 | Friedman | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070135207 | Tarantino | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070155482 | Walker et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070287532 | Jackson | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070293293 | Baerlocher et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070293306 | Nee et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070298857 | Schlottmann et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070298873 | Nguyen et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080009334 | Walker et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080045344 | Schlottmann et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080064480 | Randall | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080070680 | Baerlocher et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080070692 | Schlottmann et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080070693 | Schlottmann et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080070694 | Schlottmann et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080070695 | Baerlocher et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080076503 | Mattice et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080076527 | Low et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080102916 | Kovacs et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080102934 | Tan | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080113759 | Baerlocher | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080176635 | Randall | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080182655 | DeWaal et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080318668 | Ching et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090042652 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090088239 | Iddings et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090104977 | Zielinski | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090124316 | Baerlocher et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20100016062 | Baerlocher | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100111842 | Walker et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100120506 | Davis et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100124973 | DeWaal et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100248821 | Jorasch et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 524709 | Sep 1982 | AU |
| 589158 | Oct 1989 | AU |
| 630112 | Oct 1990 | AU |
| 628330 | Sep 1992 | AU |
| 633469 | Jan 1993 | AU |
| 649009 | May 1994 | AU |
| 655801 | Jan 1995 | AU |
| 680920 | Aug 1997 | AU |
| 710015 | Sep 1997 | AU |
| 733599 | Oct 1997 | AU |
| 722969 | Jun 1998 | AU |
| 199863553 | Oct 1998 | AU |
| 707687 | Jul 1999 | AU |
| 709724 | Sep 1999 | AU |
| 711501 | Oct 1999 | AU |
| 714299 | Dec 1999 | AU |
| 716299 | Feb 2000 | AU |
| 721968 | Jul 2000 | AU |
| 722107 | Jul 2000 | AU |
| 728788 | Jan 2001 | AU |
| 20011000033 | Nov 2001 | AU |
| 748263 | May 2002 | AU |
| 749222 | Jun 2002 | AU |
| 750731 | Jul 2002 | AU |
| 754689 | Nov 2002 | AU |
| 758306 | Mar 2003 | AU |
| 3415114 | Oct 1985 | DE |
| 8710757 | Nov 1987 | DE |
| 3638100 | May 1988 | DE |
| 3917683 | Dec 1990 | DE |
| 4200254 | Aug 1993 | DE |
| 4301855 | Jul 1994 | DE |
| 19600787 | May 1997 | DE |
| 19613455 | Aug 1997 | DE |
| 19936196 | Jan 2001 | DE |
| 0 342 797 | Nov 1989 | EP |
| 0 444 932 | Sep 1991 | EP |
| 0 449 433 | Oct 1991 | EP |
| 0 798 676 | Oct 1997 | EP |
| 0 874 337 | Oct 1998 | EP |
| 0 926 645 | Jun 1999 | EP |
| 0 944 030 | Sep 1999 | EP |
| 0 945 837 | Sep 1999 | EP |
| 0 981 119 | Feb 2000 | EP |
| 0 984 408 | Mar 2000 | EP |
| 0 984 409 | Mar 2000 | EP |
| 1 003 138 | May 2000 | EP |
| 9 126 85 | Dec 1962 | GB |
| 2 083 936 | Mar 1982 | GB |
| 2 096 376 | Oct 1982 | GB |
| 2 097 160 | Oct 1982 | GB |
| 2 098 778 | Nov 1982 | GB |
| 2 100 905 | Jan 1983 | GB |
| 2 117 155 | Oct 1983 | GB |
| 2 117 952 | Oct 1983 | GB |
| 2 118 445 | Nov 1983 | GB |
| 2 137 392 | Oct 1984 | GB |
| 2 139 390 | Nov 1984 | GB |
| 2 142 457 | Jan 1985 | GB |
| 2 144 644 | Mar 1985 | GB |
| 2 147 773 | May 1985 | GB |
| 2 148 135 | May 1985 | GB |
| 2 151 054 | Jul 1985 | GB |
| 2 153 572 | Aug 1985 | GB |
| 2 161 008 | Jan 1986 | GB |
| 2 161 009 | Jan 1986 | GB |
| 2 170 636 | Aug 1986 | GB |
| 2 180 682 | Apr 1987 | GB |
| 2 181 589 | Apr 1987 | GB |
| 2 183 882 | Jun 1987 | GB |
| 2 191 030 | Dec 1987 | GB |
| 2 201 821 | Sep 1988 | GB |
| 2 222 712 | Mar 1990 | GB |
| 2 226 436 | Jun 1990 | GB |
| 2 226 907 | Jul 1990 | GB |
| 2 231 189 | Nov 1990 | GB |
| 2 282 690 | Apr 1995 | GB |
| 2 322 217 | Aug 1998 | GB |
| 2 328 311 | Feb 1999 | GB |
| 2 333 880 | Aug 1999 | GB |
| 2 353 128 | Feb 2001 | GB |
| 2 383 668 | Jul 2003 | GB |
| 2 387 703 | Oct 2003 | GB |
| WO 9412256 | Jun 1994 | WO |
| WO 9522811 | Aug 1995 | WO |
| WO 9530944 | Nov 1995 | WO |
| WO 9712338 | Apr 1997 | WO |
| WO 9727568 | Jul 1997 | WO |
| WO 9732285 | Sep 1997 | WO |
| WO 9835309 | Aug 1998 | WO |
| WO 9847115 | Oct 1998 | WO |
| WO 9851384 | Nov 1998 | WO |
| WO 9903078 | Jan 1999 | WO |
| WO 9910849 | Mar 1999 | WO |
| WO 0012186 | Mar 2000 | WO |
| WO 0032286 | Jun 2000 | WO |
| WO 0066235 | Nov 2000 | WO |
| WO 0076606 | Dec 2000 | WO |
| WO 0182245 | Jan 2001 | WO |
| WO 0110523 | Feb 2001 | WO |
| WO 0115055 | Mar 2001 | WO |
| WO 0115790 | Mar 2001 | WO |
| WO 0126019 | Apr 2001 | WO |
| WO 02099760 | Dec 2002 | WO |
| WO 03030066 | Apr 2003 | WO |
| WO 2005079242 | Sep 2005 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130079087 A1 | Mar 2013 | US |
