Patent Application
20080020847
Gaming machines which provide players awards in primary or base games are well known. Gaming machines generally require the player to place or make a wager to activate the primary or base game. In many of these gaming machines, the award is based on the player obtaining a winning symbol or symbol combination and on the amount of the wager (e.g., the higher the wager, the higher the award). Symbols or symbol combinations which are less likely to occur usually provide higher awards.
In such known gaming machines, the amount of the wager made on the base game by the player may vary. For instance, the gaming machine may allow the player to wager a minimum number of credits, such as one credit (e.g., penny cent, nickel, dime, quarter or dollar) up to a maximum number of credits, such as five credits. This wager may be made by the player a single time or multiple times in a single play of the primary game. For instance, a slot game may have one or more paylines and the slot game may allow the player to make a wager on each payline in a single play of the primary game. Slot games with 1, 3, 5, 9, 15 and 25 lines are widely commercially available. Thus, it is known that a gaming machine, such as a slot game, may allow players to make wagers of substantially different amounts on each play of the primary or base game ranging, for example, from one credit up to 125 credits (e.g., five credits on each of 25 separate paylines). This is also true for other wagering games, such as video draw poker, where players can wager one or more credits on each hand and where multiple hands can be played simultaneously. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that different players play at substantially different wagering amounts or levels and at substantially different rates of play.
Secondary or bonus games are also known in gaming machines. The secondary or bonus games usually provide an additional award to the player. Secondary or bonus games usually do not require an additional wager by the player to be activated. Secondary or bonus games are generally activated or triggered upon an occurrence of a designated triggering symbol or triggering symbol combination in the primary or base game. For instance, a bonus symbol occurring on the payline on the third reel of a three reel slot machine may trigger the secondary bonus game. When a secondary or bonus game is triggered, the gaming machines generally indicates this to the player through one or more visual and/or audio output devices, such as the reels, lights, speakers, video screens, etc. Part of the enjoyment and excitement of playing certain gaming machines is the occurrence or triggering of the secondary or bonus game (even before the player knows how much the bonus award will be). In other words, obtaining a bonus award is part of the enjoyment and excitement for players.
Certain secondary or bonus games include a group gaming aspect wherein a plurality of players participate in a group event for one or more bonus awards. These group events often include a plurality of players that are classified as actively playing eligible gaming machines in the gaming system. However, as players frequently keep their level of game play at the minimum amount required to remain classified as actively playing an eligible gaming machine, participation in the group event often does not correspond with player's level of play. This skews the participation (and subsequent award distribution) in group events to such players that keep their level of game play at the minimum amount required to remain active. Accordingly, there is a need to provide a gaming system with a group event, wherein each active player's probability of participation in the group event corresponds to that player's relative level of game play.
Certain secondary or bonus games are activated automatically and certain secondary or bonus games require player activation. Once activated, certain secondary or bonus games play to the end or final bonus award automatically and certain secondary or bonus games require at least some level of player interaction. The amount of player interaction may vary. In certain secondary or bonus games, the player may need to pick selections and in certain secondary or bonus games, the player may need to make one or more decisions, such as whether to risk one amount for a higher amount. From the triggering of these secondary or bonus games to the end of these secondary or bonus games, the player is generally provided indications, instructions and/or information about the play of these secondary or bonus games. These indications, instructions and/or provided information inform the player of how and why the player is obtaining or has obtained any award(s) in the secondary or bonus game. Gaming machines often include a display device, such as one or more reels, wheels, dice, video display screens, to display how and why the player is obtaining the secondary or bonus award.
Progressive awards associated with gaming machines are also known. In one form, a progressive award is an award amount which includes an initial amount funded by a casino and an additional amount funded through a portion of each wager made on the progressive gaming machine. For example, 1% of each wager placed on the primary game of the gaming machine may be allocated to the progressive award or progressive award fund. The progressive award grows in value as more players play the gaming machine and more portions of the players' wagers are allocated to the progressive award. When a player obtains a winning symbol or symbol combination which results in the progressive award, the accumulated progressive award is provided to the player. After the progressive award is provided to the player, the amount of the next progressive award is reset to the initial value and a portion of each subsequent wager is allocated to the next progressive award as described above.
A progressive award may be associated with a single gaming machine or multiple gaming machines which each contribute portions of the progressive award. The multiple gaming machines may be in the same bank of machines, in the same casino or gaming establishment (usually through a local area network (“LAN”)) or in two or more different casinos or gaming establishments (usually through a wide area network (“WAN”)). Such progressive awards are sometimes called local area progressives (“LAP”) and wide area progressives (“WAP”), respectively.
Mystery bonus awards are also known. For instance, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,655,961, 5,702,304, 5,741,183, 5,752,882, 5,820,459, 5,836,817, 5,876,284, 6,162,122, 6,257,981, 6,319,125, 6,364,768, 6,375,569, 6,375,567, RE37,885 and 6,565,434 describe mystery bonus awards and certain methods for providing such awards to players. These patents also describe certain methods for determining which gaming machines will provide the awards to players. These patents further describe methods for a central server to determine which gaming machines will provide the bonus awards and the amount of the bonus awards.
PCT Application No. PCT/AU98/00525, entitled “Slot Machine Game And System With Improved Jackpot Feature” discloses a jackpot awardable to a plurality of gaming machines connected to a network. Upon each play of each gaming machine, a jackpot controller increments the value of the jackpot. Prior to each primary game, the gaming machine selects a random number from a range of numbers and during each primary game, the gaming machine allocates the first n numbers in the range, where n is the number of credits bet by the player in that primary game. At the end of the primary game, the randomly selected number is compared with the numbers allocated to the player and if a match occurs, that particular gaming machine is switched into a feature game mode in which a jackpot game is played for all or part of the incremental jackpot.
More specifically, for every game that is played, a random trigger value is selected in the preprogrammed range as determined from an average number of credits wagered per jackpot. When the primary game is commenced, it is then reported to the controller, which allocates a contribution to the prize pool. Each game is also allotted numbers from the same number range from which the random number was selected, one number in the range being allotted for each credit bet such that the player's probability of being awarded the jackpot game is proportional to the bet. The previously selected random number is then used as a trigger value and compared with the values allotted to the player, if there is a match between the trigger value and the player values, the player is given an opportunity to play the jackpot game. Alternatively, a number is allocated which is equal to, or proportional to the number of credits bet in the respective primary game, the trigger value is compared with the single player value and a jackpot game awarded if the trigger value is less than or equal to the player value.
In one embodiment of the system disclosed in PCT Application No. PCT/AU98/00525, a prize is always awarded in the jackpot game. The jackpot game is used to determine the size of the prize to be awarded. The winning machine is then locked up and the controller awaits an indication that the prize has been paid before allowing the machine to be unlocked. The machine then returns to commence a new primary game. If the trigger value does not match, then there is no feature game awarded for that bought game and the machine returns to step and waits for the next game to commence.
PCT Application No. PCT/AU99/01059, entitled “Player Information Delivery” discloses a gaming console in which an animated character occasionally randomly appears and awards a player a variable random bonus prize. The occurrence of the animated character is weighted by the desired hit rate of the feature and is dependent upon the player's bet and may or may not be dependent upon the size and type of the player's bet. Additionally, the gaming console includes a bonus pool (funded by the player) and a random decision is made whether the contents of the bonus pool will be awarded in addition to any other win.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,241,608 B1 entitled “Progressive Wagering System” discloses a linked progressive wagering system that is capable of accepting wagers in different currencies and different denominations of the same currency. The system periodically computes each current prize value using the data acquired from each gaming device and displays the current prize value at each location where participating gaming devices are located (in the currency used at each particular location). This patent also discloses the system specifying a boundary criteria, such as a maximum value or an expiration date and time, for a progressive award prize. If a gaming device has not randomly generated a prize award event when the specified boundary criteria is met, a progressive award prize is forced by the system upon one or more randomly selected participating players.
There is a continuing need to provide new and different gaming machines and gaming systems as well as new and different ways to provide awards to players including bonus awards. There is also a continuing need to provide new and different linked or related gaming machines.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a gaming system including a central server or controller in communication with or linked to a plurality of gaming machines or gaming devices. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a gaming system having a plurality of linked gaming machines where one of the gaming machines functions as the central server or controller. The gaming system also includes a plurality of bonus awards adapted to be provided to one or more players of the gaming machines in the gaming system.
In operation, the controller or central server monitors wagers or wager activity on the primary games of the gaming machines. Based at least in part on the wagers or wager activity on the primary games of the gaming machines, the controller or central server determines when a bonus event will occur. If a bonus event is determined to occur, the controller or central server determines if one or more of the gaming machines will provide one or more bonus award(s) and which of the gaming machine(s) will be selected to provide the bonus award(s) in the bonus event. The terms central server and controller are used interchangeably herein.
In one embodiment, for each gaming machine selected by the controller or central server to provide a bonus award, the central server or controller and that selected gaming machine co-act to determine the amount of the bonus award to be provided to the player of that selected gaming machine. In this embodiment, both the central server and the gaming machine selected to provide a bonus award to a player each contribute or determine, at least in part, one or more different components of the bonus award ultimately provided to the player. In an alternative embodiment, the selected gaming machine determines which of a plurality of different awards that are maintained by the central server, such as a plurality of different progressive awards, to provide to the player of the selected gaming machine. This alternative embodiment may include a game having player interaction to determine the award.
As indicated above, the controller tracks the wager activity or amounts wagered on plays of the primary game of each gaming machine in the gaming system. In one embodiment, the controller includes: (a) a separate coin-in or wager meter for each individual gaming machine which tracks the total coin-in or wagers placed on the primary games for each of the gaming machines in the gaming system and (b) a total coin-in or wager meter which tracks the total coin-in wagers placed on all of the primary games for all of the gaming machines in the gaming system. This total wager meter can be a calculated amount based on the sum of the individual gaming machine coin-in meters. The controller tracks the total wagers for each individual gaming machine and the total wagers for all of the gaming machines in the gaming system in any suitable compatible or comparable manner such as credits wagered (i.e., if all of the system gaming machines are of the same denomination) or monetary units (e.g., total dollars or other currency) wagered. Alternatively, each of the gaming machines tracks the wagers placed on that gaming machine (via an individual gaming machine meter). This can be done for all wagers or for the wagers placed by individual players. In these embodiments, the gaming machines sends information to the central controller upon request from the central controller, at designated intervals or in any other suitable manner. Tracking in monetary units accounts for gaming machines having multi-denominations and/or for gaming machines of different denominations and/or gaming machines which accept different currencies.
In one embodiment, the controller maintains an accumulated wager pool for all of the gaming machines in the gaming system. The accumulated wager pool includes at least the total coin-in or amounts wagered on the plays of the primary games of the gaming machines in the gaming system during an accumulation period or a bonus event accumulation period as further discussed below. In certain embodiments of the present invention, after the first bonus event occurs, the accumulated wager pool may include a remainder from a previous bonus event to be utilized in one or more subsequent bonus events as further discussed below.
In one embodiment, each bonus event accumulation period starts at the occurrence of a first bonus event and ends at the occurrence of a second subsequent bonus event. For example, when a bonus event occurs, the accumulation of the monetary units for that bonus event simultaneously or substantially simultaneously ceases. In this example, any wagers made on the primary games of the gaming machines which subsequently occur are part of the next bonus event accumulation period and are accumulated for the next bonus event. It should be appreciated that in this embodiment, the next bonus event accumulation period starts or can start even before the central server selects the gaming machine(s) which will provide the bonus award(s).
In another embodiment, each bonus event accumulation period starts at the issuance of a first bonus event and ends at the issuance of a second subsequent bonus event. For example, after a bonus event is determined to occur, the selected gaming machine will subsequently provide the bonus award to a player of that selected gaming machine. Accumulation of the monetary units for that bonus event ceases at the time that bonus award is provided to or received by the player. In this example, any wagers made on the primary games of the gaming machines which subsequently occur after issuance of that bonus award are for the next bonus event accumulation period and are accumulated in the accumulated wager pool for the next bonus event.
As indicated above, in one embodiment of the present invention, the accumulated wager pool includes at least the total coin-in or amounts wagered by the players on the primary games of all of the gaming machines in the gaming system during the bonus event accumulation period. In an alternative embodiment, the accumulated wager pool also includes any unaccounted for portions of the amounts in one or more previous accumulated wager pools from one or more previous bonus event(s) as discussed in more detail below. This is referred to herein as the remainder.
In one embodiment, the central server determines when a bonus event will occur based, at least in part, on the accumulated amount in the accumulated wager pool. For example, the central server determines if a bonus event will occur at preset intervals based on a suitable sampling rate. The sampling rate can be based on any suitable criteria, such as amounts wagered, time elapsed or one or more other factors. For example, where the sampling rate is based on the amount wagered, at each predetermined interval, the central server determines if the accumulated wager pool has reached at least a predefined minimum threshold level of monetary units required to provide a bonus event. The minimum threshold level may be any suitable number including zero, any number greater than zero or may be equal to the sampling rate interval.
In this embodiment, if the accumulated wager pool has not reached the predefined minimal threshold level, the central server does not make a determination of whether to cause a bonus event to occur at one or more of the gaming machines in the system. In this case, the central server continues to track wagered monetary units and waits until the next interval (i.e., based on the suitable sampling rate) to determine if a bonus event will occur at one or more gaming machines in the gaming system.
In this embodiment, if the accumulated wager pool has reached at least the minimum threshold level of monetary units required to provide a bonus event, the central server randomly determines, based on a predetermined probability, whether the bonus event will occur or not. In one embodiment, this random determination is based on a suitable probability, such as 1%, 2.5%, 5% or 10%. For example, if the accumulated wager pool has at least reached the minimum threshold level of monetary units, the central server randomly determines, based on 2.5% probability of the bonus event occurring, whether to provide a bonus event at one or more of the gaming machines in the system. In one embodiment, the probability from sample to sample can remain constant or in an alternative embodiment, the probability can be different for two or more of the samples. In one such embodiment, the probability can increase for each sample or after a designated number of samples. The present invention contemplates any suitable method for determining the probabilities.
If the central server determines not to provide the bonus event to the gaming machines, the central server continues to track wagered monetary units and waits until the next interval (i.e., based on the sampling rate) to determine if a bonus event will occur. It should be appreciated that in other embodiments, there is no minimum threshold level and the central server determines if such bonus event will occur at each preset interval based on a suitable sampling rate.
If the central server determines that a bonus event will occur, the central server also determines which system gaming machine(s) will be selected to provide bonus awards to the players of those gaming machine. Such determination is based in part on the individual status of each of the gaming machines in the gaming system. That is, the individual status of each gaming machine determines whether that gaming machine is eligible to be selected to provide a bonus award to the player of that gaming machine. In one embodiment, each gaming machine is determined to be in either active status or enrolled status. Active status means that the gaming machine is being actively played by a player during a bonus event qualification period as discussed below. The active status requirements can be based on any suitable number of satisfied criteria or defined in any suitable manner by the implementer of the gaming system of the present invention. For instance, a play of or wager on the primary game of the gaming machine within a predetermined period of time may be part of the determination of whether that gaming machine is in the active status. Other factors such as: (a) the amount of time between each play of or wager on the primary game of the gaming machine; (b) the amount being wagered on the primary game(s); (c) the number of plays within a period of time, and (d) the existence of credits on the gaming device may also or alternatively be part of the determination of whether a gaming machine is in the active status. On the other hand, the enrolled status means that the gaming machine is one of the gaming machines in the gaming system, but is not in the active status (i.e., not being actively played by a player according to one or more of the predetermined criteria) during the bonus event qualification period.
As indicated above, if the central server determines that a bonus event will occur, in one embodiment, the central server determines which active gaming machines to select to provide the bonus award(s) to the players of those active gaming machine. In one embodiment, the central server determines which active gaming machines to select to provide each of the bonus awards to based on the respective relative total amounts wagered on each of the active gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period. In one embodiment, the central server determines the relative percentages of total amounts wagered for each of the active gaming machines by determining the amount wagered at each gaming machine in relation to the total amount wagered at all active gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period. The central server uses these relative percentages determined for each active gaming machine to randomly determine which of the active gaming machines will be selected to provide the bonus award(s). Using this process, each active gaming machine has a chance of being selected to provide a bonus award. It should be appreciated that in this embodiment, the active gaming machine which had the most amount wagered during the bonus event accumulation period has the greatest relative percentage of total amounts wagered and thus has the highest chance of being selected to provide a bonus award. On the other hand, the active gaming machine which had the least amount wagered during the bonus event accumulation period has the lowest relative percentage of total amounts wagered and thus has the lowest chance of being selected to provide a bonus award.
In another embodiment, if the central server determines that a bonus event will occur, the central server determines which active gaming machines to select to provide each of the bonus awards to based on the respective relative total amounts wagered on each of the active gaming machines, wherein one active gaming machine may be selected a plurality of times to provide a plurality of bonus awards. In another embodiment, if the central server determines that a bonus event will occur, the central server determines which active gaming machines (or players tracked via a player tracking system) to participate in the bonus event based on the respective relative total amounts wagered on each of the active gaming machines, wherein one active gaming machine may be selected a plurality of times to participate in the bonus event. In one such embodiment, the central server determines a probability of winning a bonus award (or alternatively a probability of participating in a bonus event) for each active gaming machine, wherein each gaming machine's determined probability is based on an amount that gaming machine contributed to the accumulated wager pool during the bonus event accumulation period. In this embodiment, for each bonus award to be provided (or each of a determined number of participants in the bonus event), the central server randomly selects, based on the probabilities associated with the active gaming machines, one of the gaming machines wherein each gaming machine may be selected more than once. That is, even if a gaming machine is selected to provide one bonus award (or is alternatively selected to be one participant in a group event), the same gaming machine may be reselected to provide another bonus award (or alternatively be selected to be another participant in the group event).
In one example, the central server determines that a bonus event will include three participants and the gaming system currently includes a first gaming machine which contributed 60% to the accumulated wager pool, then the first gaming machine has a 60% of being the first participant in the bonus event, a 60% of being the second participant in the bonus event (regardless of if the first gaming machine is selected to be the first participant in the bonus event), and a 60% of being the third participant in the bonus event (regardless of if the first gaming machine is selected to be the first participant in the bonus event and/or the first gaming machine is selected to be the second participant in the bonus event). It should be appreciated that this embodiment provides that a gaming machine with a high level of play is provided a correspondingly high probability of wining one or more bonus awards (or participating in a bonus event) while a gaming machine with a low level of play is provided a correspondingly low probability of winning one or more bonus awards (or participating in a bonus event).
As discussed above, a gaming machine in the gaming system may be enrolled but not active when a bonus event occurs. In one embodiment, each enrolled but not active gaming machine is not eligible to obtain a bonus award and the total wagered amount for each of these gaming machines is excluded or otherwise not used in determining the relative percentages of the active gaming machines. However, it should be appreciated that these amounts wagered by the enrolled, but not active, gaming machines are included in the accumulated wager pool. In one embodiment, the bonus event is funded on average by the accumulated wager pool as discussed below. More specifically, in one embodiment which includes a primary bonus award and one or more secondary bonus awards, as further discussed below, the average primary bonus awards and the secondary bonus awards are accounted for based on the amounts of monetary units which will be in the accumulated wager pool when a bonus event is triggered or determined to occur. It should thus be appreciated that the present invention allows for large bonus awards to occur at any time because after the minimum threshold of the accumulated wager pool is achieved, the bonus event can be determined to occur and a value component of the bonus award is not based on the actual amount of the accumulated wager pool at the time of the bonus event.
The number of bonus awards and the amount of the bonus awards of a bonus event can vary and be determined in a variety of different manners in accordance with the present invention. In one embodiment, one bonus award is selected to be provided by one of the active gaming machines in the gaming system. In another embodiment, one bonus award from a plurality of different bonus awards is selected to be provided by one of the active gaming machines in the gaming system. In one such embodiment, the plurality of bonus awards are progressive awards. In another embodiment, the number of bonus awards in a bonus event is determined based on the number of active gaming machines in the gaming system during the bonus event qualification period for that bonus event. In one such embodiment, one bonus award is provided for each designated number of active gaming machines (e.g., one bonus award for each two active gaming machines, one bonus award for each five active gaming machines or one bonus award for each ten active gaming machines). In another such embodiment, one primary bonus award is provided and additionally one secondary bonus award is provided for each designated number of active gaming machines. It should thus be appreciated that the number of bonus awards of bonus event can vary in accordance with the present invention.
In one embodiment, the bonus event includes a primary bonus award and zero, one or more secondary bonus awards which are distributed based on the number of active gaming machines. The primary and secondary bonus awards are each based in part on a first component, such as a value component, determined by the active gaming machine selected by the central server to provide an award and in part on a second component, such as a modifier component, (e.g., a multiplier component), determined by the central server and sent to each selected gaming machine. That is, the central server determines a modifier component for each of the bonus awards provided and each selected active gaming machine individually or independently determines a value component for the individual bonus award provided by that individual gaming machine.
In one embodiment, the value or first component of the bonus award is based on a random determination made by the selected gaming machine from a range of potential value components, wherein each potential value component is associated with a probability. The value components determined for each active gaming machine can vary for the different selected gaming machines in the gaming system in a single bonus event because each selected gaming machine individually or independently determines the value component for that selected gaming machine. It should be appreciated that because each selected active gaming machine independently determines the value component for that gaming machine, the value components will often be different for the different selected active gaming machines.
In one embodiment, a modifier or second component, such as the multiplier component, is based in part on the accumulated wager pool of the bonus event accumulation period for the bonus event. In one embodiment, the central server employs the accumulated wager pool to determine a single modifier or multiplier component for all of the selected active gaming machines. The modifier or multiplier component is partly based on the accumulated wager pool, a sum of the expected average value components for each of the selected gaming machines and a relative portion of the bonus percentage of the entire paytable. For example, if the accumulated wager pool is 100 monetary units and the relative portion of the bonus percentage of the overall average return to the player is 30%, then 30 monetary units of the accumulated wager pool can be used to determine the modifier or multiplier. Since it is generally desired to have integer multipliers in gaming machines to avoid fractional units or credits, not all of these monetary units may be accounted for in determining the multiplier. In this simple example, if the multiplier is 9× and accounts for 27 of the monetary units, then 3 monetary units are unaccounted for in determining the multiplier for the bonus event. These remaining 3 monetary units must be on average accounted for because this bonus event is funded on average by the accumulated wager pool. Therefore, in this simple example, the 3 monetary units divided by the percentage of the overall average return to be provided as bonus awards (3/0.3) or 10 monetary units are the remainder of unaccounted for monetary units which are placed back in or remain in the accumulated wager pool for the next or a subsequent bonus event. This will allow the minimum threshold to be reached sooner for the next sampling and possibly increase the value of the next modifier or multiplier component for the next bonus event.
In one embodiment which includes multiple bonus awards, such as a primary bonus award and a secondary bonus award, the modifier or multiplier component is determined based on the average expected value of the value components of the primary and secondary awards which are independently determined by the individual selected gaming machines. Because the average expected value and not the actual value components are used, the remainder is typically not an actual remainder but rather an average expected remainder.
In an alternative embodiment, the bonus awards are accounted for directly in the paytables of the gaming machines. In one such embodiment, the bonus awards include a plurality of progressive awards funded by the gaming machines in the system in a conventional manner. In this embodiment, the central server maintains the plurality of progressive awards. The progressive awards start or are reset at multiple different levels (e.g., $10, $100, $1000, $10,000). In one embodiment, the gaming machine selected by the central server to provide one of the progressive awards as the bonus award will determine or cause to be determined which progressive award that gaming machine will provide to the player. In one embodiment, the gaming machine can provide a suitable bonus game where the outcome of the bonus game determines which progressive award is obtained. The bonus game may include or not include player interaction.
The present invention further contemplates employing one or more displays in conjunction with the gaming machines which will provide the players of the gaming machines information about the bonus awards to increase player awareness of these awards and interaction between players of the gaming machines. The display(s) can provide any suitable information about the gaming system, gaming machines, bonus events and bonus award such as information regarding the bonus event or bonus award(s), which gaming machines are winning or have won the primary awards and secondary awards, the amount of the progressive awards, when the progressive award is about to be hit and which gaming machines are winning or have won the progressive award.
It is therefore an advantage of the present invention to provide a gaming system including a controller or central server linked to a plurality of gaming machines, wherein the central server determines when a bonus event will occur and which gaming machine(s) will be selected to provide the bonus award(s). In this gaming system, each selected gaming machine determines, at least in part, the amount of the bonus award to be provided by that selected gaming machine. This provides a more secure award determination at the machine level and allows for different bonuses on different machines.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having an accumulated wager pool including at least wagers on the primary games of the system gaming machines during a bonus event accumulation period, wherein based at least in part on the accumulated wager pool, a controller determines when a selected gaming machine will provide one of the bonus awards independent of any event in or of any play of any of the primary games. In this gaming system, the determination of which gaming machine(s) will be selected to provide bonus awards is based, at least in part, on the wagers placed on the primary games of the gaming machines in the system. That is, each selected gaming machine determines, at least in part, the amount of the bonus award to be provided by that gaming machine.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having an accumulated wager pool maintained by a controller based at least in part on the wagers by the players of primary games of gaming machines in the gaming system. The gaming system further includes a bonus award adapted to be provided to the player of a controller selected gaming machine, wherein the bonus award is determined based on a value component (which is determined by the selected gaming machine independent of the accumulated wager pool) and based on a modifier or multiplier component (which is determined by the controller based in part on the accumulated wager pool).
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having a central server operable to determine if a bonus event will occur at designated intervals, and if the bonus event is determined to occur, determine which of the gaming machines were in an active state during a bonus event qualification period for the bonus event, select at least one of the active gaming machines, and send a signal to the selected gaming machine to provide a bonus award to the player of that gaming machine. The central server at least in part determines the bonus award and the selected gaming machine at least in part determines the bonus award to provide to the player.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having a central server operable for each gaming machine to maintain a total of the wagers placed on the primary games of the gaming machines during a bonus event accumulation period, maintain a total of the wagers placed on the primary games of all of gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period and at designated intervals during the bonus event accumulation period determine if a bonus event will occur. If the bonus event is determined to occur, the central server determines which of the gaming machines were in an active state during a bonus event qualification period for the bonus event, select at least one of the active gaming machines based on a probability determined from the total wagers placed during the bonus event accumulation period for each active gaming machines relative to the total wagers placed for all active gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period, and send a signal to the selected gaming machine to provide a bonus award to the player of the gaming machine. The selected gaming machine at least in part determines the bonus award to provide to the player.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having a central server operable for each gaming machine to maintain a total of the wagers placed on the primary game of the gaming machine during a bonus event accumulation period between a first bonus event and a second bonus event, maintain an accumulated wager pool including a total of the wagers placed on the primary games of all of gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period and a remainder of average unaccounted for wagers from a first bonus event accumulation period for the first bonus event, at designated intervals during the bonus event accumulation period, determine if the second bonus event will occur wherein the designated intervals are based on the accumulated wager pool. If the bonus event is determined to occur, the central server sends a signal to a selected gaming machine to provide a bonus award to the player of the gaming machine. The selected gaming machine at least in part determines the bonus award to provide to the player.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having a gaming system including a plurality of gaming machines, each gaming machine including a primary game operable upon a wager by a player, a bonus event and an expected average value component for the bonus event. The gaming system also includes a first accumulated wager pool for a first occurrence of the bonus event, a second accumulated wager pool for a second occurrence of the bonus event and a controller in communication with the gaming machines. The controller is operable to cause the first occurrence of the bonus event, determine a first bonus award for the first occurrence of the bonus event, wherein the first bonus award is based at least in part on the first accumulated wager pool and at least in part on a value component for the first occurrence of the bonus event and determine a remainder including an unused portion of the first accumulated wager pool and the average expected value component for the bonus event. The controller is also operable to maintain the second accumulated wager pool, cause the second occurrence of the bonus event and use the second accumulated wager pool and the remainder to at least in part determine a second bonus award to provide to a player for the second occurrence of the bonus event.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system including a plurality of gaming machines, each gaming machine including a primary game operable upon a wager by a player, a first accumulated wager pool and a controller in communication with the gaming machines. The controller is operable to maintain the first accumulated wager pool based at least in part on the wagers placed on the primary games of all of the gaming machines and determine a first bonus portion of the accumulated wager pool, wherein the first bonus portion is at least in part based on a percentage less than 100% of the first accumulated wager pool. The controller is also operable to select at least one gaming machine to provide a first bonus award to a player, wherein the total expected value of all of the first bonus awards provided to all of the players is equal to or less than the first bonus portion and allocate a remainder to a second accumulated wager pool for a second bonus award to be provided to a player, wherein the remainder accounts for any difference between the first bonus portion and the total expected value of all of the first bonus awards provided to all of the players.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system including a plurality of gaming machines, each gaming machine including a primary game operable upon a wager by a player and a plurality of potential first bonus awards. The gaming system also includes a first accumulated wager pool, a second accumulated wager pool and a controller in communication with the gaming machines. The controller is operable to maintain the first accumulated wager pool based at least in part on the wagers placed on the primary games of all of the gaming machines and select at least one gaming machine to provide one of the first bonus awards to a player, wherein a total expected value of all of the first bonus awards provided to all of the players is equal to or less than a predetermined percentage of the first accumulated wager pool. The controller is also operable to allocate a remainder to the second accumulated wager pool for a second one of the bonus awards to be provided to a player, wherein the remainder accounts for any difference between the predetermined percentage of the first accumulated wager pool and the total expected value of all of the first bonus awards provided to all of the players.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a method of operating a gaming system including a controller and a plurality of gaming machines which each include a primary game operable upon a wager by a player. The method includes maintaining a first accumulated wager pool, maintaining an average expected value component for a bonus event and causing a first occurrence of the bonus event. The method also includes determining a first bonus award for the first occurrence of the bonus event, wherein the first bonus award is based at least in part on the first accumulated wager pool and at least in part on a value component for the occurrence of the bonus event, determining a remainder including an unused portion of the first accumulated wager pool and the average expected value component for the bonus event and maintaining a second accumulated wager pool. The method further includes causing a second occurrence of the bonus event and using the second accumulated wager pool and the remainder to at least in part determine a second bonus award to provide to a player for the second occurrence of the bonus event.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having pool of wagered amounts on the gaming machines wherein the actual amount of the pool in part determines when a bonus award can be provided to a player, but the actual amount of the pool does not determine the amount of the bonus award given to the player and accounted for by pool.
Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having a plurality of gaming machines wherein multiple different bonus awards can be provided simultaneously or substantially simultaneously.
A further advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having bonus events for a plurality of gaming machines which employ multi-denominations or different denominations or different bet amount.
Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a gaming system having a plurality of gaming machines which employs a wager pool to fund the bonus event but provides a more random feel in providing the bonus awards.
Additional features and advantages of the present invention are described in, and will be apparent from, the following Detailed Description of the Invention and the figures.
a, 16b and 16c are charts illustrating an example of one embodiment of the present invention.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a gaming system including a plurality of linked gaming machines and a plurality of awards provided to players of the linked gaming machines in an apparently random fashion to the players of these gaming machines. These awards are referred to herein as bonus awards to distinguish them from the awards that the gaming machines provide to the players for winning outcomes in the plays of the primary wagering games, such as slot games, card games (e.g., poker, blackjack) or any other suitable game. The awards can be any suitable type of awards, such as monetary awards or progressive awards. The gaming machines can also include other secondary games or secondary awards, such as other progressive jackpot awards.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the gaming machines do not provide any apparent reasons to the players for obtaining such bonus awards. In this embodiment, the bonus awards are not triggered by an event in or based specifically on any of the plays of any primary game or on any of the plays of any secondary game of the gaming machines in the system. That is, the gaming machines may simply provide the bonus awards to the players without any explanation or alternatively with simple explanations such as “You Have Won a Mystery Bonus Award of $ ______.”
In one embodiment, the gaming machines of the gaming system are operable to provide multiple bonus awards to multiple players at the multiple linked gaming machines at the same time or substantially the same time. Alternatively, the gaming machines of the gaming system are operable to provide multiple bonus awards to multiple players at the multiple linked gaming machines in an overlapping or sequential manner. In one embodiment, upon the determination or trigger of a bonus event, the gaming system determines the number of bonus awards, such as one primary bonus award and zero, one or more secondary bonus awards that the gaming machine(s) will provide to the player(s) of the multiple linked gaming machines in the gaming system as described below. In one embodiment, one primary bonus award is always provided to one of the players of the gaming machines in the gaming system and the number of secondary bonus awards is determined based on the number of active gaming machines in the gaming system at the time the bonus event occurs.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the primary bonus awards and any secondary bonus awards of a bonus event are based, at least in part, on monetary units which are accumulated in an accumulated wager pool. The accumulated wager pool includes the amounts wagered on primary games of the multiple linked gaming machines during a bonus event qualification period for that bonus event and any theoretical remainder from one or more prior bonus events. More specifically, the primary bonus awards and the secondary bonus awards of a bonus event are derived in part from a ratio of the expected awards to be paid from the bonuses versus the amount in the accumulated wager pool for that bonus event. Since this ratio is employed instead of basing the awards on the actual amount of pooled monetary units, the amounts of the bonus awards can have a greater volatility because they are not limited by the amount of monetary units actually in the accumulated wager pool for that bonus event. The actual bonus awards provided to the players of the gaming machines can thus be greater than the accumulated wager pool monetary units.
It should thus be appreciated that the gaming system of this embodiment will sometimes over hold and will sometimes under hold the expected monetary units to be awarded relative to the actual amount of wagered monetary units actually in the accumulated wager pool for that bonus event. This will give a more random feel to the gaming system and provide more excitement for the players. It should also be appreciated that in certain embodiments, the actual amount of pooled monetary units at least partially determines when the bonus event will occur as discussed below.
In one embodiment, the central server or controller tracks wagering activity or game play, maintains a combined theoretical and actual bonus wager accumulation pool which includes the actual amounts wagered and a theoretical remainder from a previous bonus event, wherein the theoretical remainder is based on the ratio of the expected awards to be paid versus a the amount in the accumulated wager pool for the previous bonus event. The total expected value of actual bonus awards roughly equals bonus pool accounting.
Referring now to
The central server or controller maintains or keeps track of the play and/or other activity on or relating to the gaming machines in the gaming system. In one embodiment, the central server keeps track of the play on each gaming machine 14a, 14b . . . 14z including at least: (1) the amount wagered by the player(s) for each play of the primary game for each gaming machine and (2) the time the wagers are placed or the amount of time between each play of the primary game for each gaming machine. It should be appreciated that the player of a gaming machine may change during this tracking and that this tracking can be independent of the specific player playing the gaming machine. In one embodiment, the central server determines the status of each of the gaming machines in the group based on this information. It should be appreciated that other information may be employed by the central server or controller to determine the status of each of the gaming machines in the group. For instance, the number of games played or the amount of each wager placed on each play may be used in the determination of the status of each gaming machine.
It should be appreciated that the central server also keeps track or maintains additional information regarding play of the gaming machines in the group, such as one or more conventional progressive awards associated with the gaming machines which are provided to the players in a conventional manner. Moreover, the central server may track other information, such as when (or if) a bonus event is played by a gaming machine which has been selected to provide the bonus event.
As generally illustrated in
The example shown in
The present invention includes defined points which trigger different functions for the central server to perform based on: (a) monetary units wagered on the group of gaming machines; (b) sampling intervals; (c) designated levels of wagers, such as maximum wagers; (d) time passed. Monetary units wagered on gaming machines are sometimes referred to as “coin-in” in the gaming industry and herein.
Generally, in one embodiment, the central server determines when a bonus event will occur based on a sampling rate of the accumulated wager pool and a random determination. The central server also determines which gaming machines to select to provide the bonus award(s) and sends signals or messages containing such information to the gaming machines to indicate such a bonus event.
Referring back to
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the central server tracks the play of the gaming machines by having a theoretical coin-in or wager meter or counter for each of the gaming machines in the group. This theoretical wager meter individually tracks the expected average wagers placed on the primary games of each of the gaming machines in the system. This is tracked based on the range of possible wagers on each of the machines and an expected average wager for each wager made. The central server includes a theoretical accumulated wager pool which at least tracks the total theoretical coin-in or wagers placed on all of the primary games for all of the gaming machines in the group.
As described above, in one embodiment of the present invention, the central server maintains or keeps track of the accumulated wager pool. The accumulated wager pool includes the total coin-in or amounts wagered by the players on the primary games of the gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period. The accumulated wager pool also includes a theoretical remainder, as discussed in more detail below, to account for portions of previous accumulated wager pools which are unaccounted for in previous bonus event(s).
The central server tracks these amounts wagered during each bonus event accumulation period. In one embodiment, each bonus event accumulation period starts at the occurrence of a bonus event and ends at the occurrence of a next or subsequent bonus event. For example, when a bonus event occurs, the accumulation of the monetary units for that bonus event immediately ceases, the values in the meters are stored or set, the accumulated wager pool and meters are reset and all further coin-in or wagers on the linked gaming machines which subsequently occur are accumulated for the next bonus event. This starts even before the gaming machines are selected to provide the bonus awards of that initiated bonus event to the player. It should be appreciated that the exact period of time of the bonus event accumulation period will vary based on many factors, such as the rate of coin-in or wagered monetary units, probability of triggering a bonus event and when the bonus events are triggered. It should also be appreciated that the bonus event accumulation session of the triggering for the first bonus event for the gaming machines in the group can begin upon the initiation or enrollment of the gaming machines in the group. In one embodiment, at the start of each bonus event accumulation period, the wager meter in the central server for each gaming machine will be set to zero.
In an alternative embodiment, the accumulated wager pool and one or more of the gaming machine wager tracking meters do not need to be reset to zero. In one such embodiment, a percentage of the accumulated wager pool is employed for the bonus event (as discussed below) and a percentage of the accumulated wager pool is not employed for the bonus event but is saved for a subsequent bonus event. The same percentages are used for the individual gaming machine wager meters. For example, if the percentage employed is 90% and if:
It should also be appreciated that the relative amount of the wager meters for the gaming machines could vary based on other factors such as the desire to reward a player who has a higher gaming status than other players. For instance, if a player has a higher level player tracking card, the player may be provided more monetary units in the meter of the gaming machine which the player plays to provide that player a greater advantage in being selected to receive a bonus award as discussed below. Thus, in one embodiment, a meter for a gaming machine may be set or reset to a seed amount or to include a seed amount based on the status of the player or one or more other factors. Alternatively, credits or monetary units may be added to the players total wagered amounts to give a player an advantage.
Turning now to
In one embodiment, the bonus event accumulation period and the bonus event qualification period will be different time periods. In another embodiment, the bonus event accumulation period and the bonus event qualification period will be the same or substantially similar time periods. In one embodiment, the bonus event accumulation period is the period of time from the occurrence of one bonus event to the occurrence of the next bonus event. In one embodiment, the bonus event qualification period is the period of time when a primary game of a gaming machine must be actively played prior to a bonus event in order to qualify that gaming machine for that bonus event.
For example, based on the amount wagered on the gaming machines in the group, the bonus event accumulation period may start at 8:30 p.m. and end at 8:32 p.m. In this example, the bonus event accumulation period is one-hundred-twenty seconds from a previous bonus event to a current bonus event and a gaming machine may be eligible to win a bonus award in that current bonus event if a wager has been made on the primary game of that gaming machine in the last fifteen seconds (i.e., the bonus qualification period) of that one-hundred-twenty second period.
This is generally illustrated in
It should be appreciated that in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the points or wagers are accumulated based on individual players instead of gaming machines. Thus, the system can be alternatively configured to track each player's total wagers and base the bonus events on an accumulated wager pool of the combination of such player's wagers. In one such embodiment, if a player leaves the gaming machine of the gaming system, that player's wagers are removed from the accumulated wager pool. In another such embodiment, if a player leaves the gaming machine of the gaming system, that player's wagered amounts are saved for the player for later use in a pool at another gaming machine. In one embodiment, each player's wagers are tracked via a player tracking system (implemented through the use of a playing tracking card or any other suitable manner). In one embodiment, if the player leaves a gaming machine of the gaming system, the player's points or wagers are retained through the playing tracking system until a designated time or event, such as until the accumulated wager pool is reset. In another embodiment, if the player leaves a gaming machine of the gaming system without transferring their accumulated points using the player tracking system (e.g., the player is not registered in the player tracking system or the player does not have a playing tracking card), the gaming system sets certain criteria which must be fulfilled to reset the accumulated wager pool for that individual gaming machine. For example, if no additional wagers are made at that gaming machine within a designated period of time, the gaming machine determines that the player has left without transferring any accumulated points to the player tracking system and thus the accumulated wager pool is reset without that player's wagered amount. Other suitable uses of that player's wagers can be made by the gaming system of the present invention. Such wagers can be taken in account or not taken in account for future bonus events.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the status of each gaming machine in the gaming system as either enrolled status or active status determines whether that gaming machine is eligible to be selected to provide a primary or secondary bonus award in a bonus event. In one embodiment, the status of each gaming machine in the gaming system when the bonus event occurs also determines the number of secondary bonus awards provided in the bonus event.
The enrolled status means that the gaming machine is one of the linked gaming machines in the system, but is not being actively played by a player during a bonus event qualification period. A gaming machine may be classified as enrolled status for several reasons. For example, no player may be playing the gaming machine. In another example, a player could be playing the gaming machine (i.e., by having credits on the gaming machine), but be playing too slowly or be interrupted during play. In this case, the player could have credits on the credit meter of the gaming machine, but the player has not made a wager on a primary game or otherwise qualified for a bonus event during the bonus event qualification period.
The active status means that the gaming machine is being actively played by a player during a bonus event qualification period. In one embodiment, actively playing during a bonus event qualification period means that the player is playing the primary game of the gaming machine (i.e., placing wagers on plays of the primary game) at least at a predefined minimum rate during a predefined time period. For example, the gaming machine may be in active status when a player has made at least one play of the primary game in a fifteen second period prior to the triggering of the bonus event. In this example, the bonus event qualification period is that fifteen second period prior to the triggering of the bonus event.
In another embodiment, the bonus event qualification period may begin with the determination that a bonus event will occur. In this embodiment, any additional accumulation of the monetary units for the current bonus event will cease immediately upon the conclusion of the bonus event qualification period. That is, the bonus event accumulation period ends at the same time as the bonus event qualification period ends. For example, the bonus event qualification period is that fifteen second period after the determination to trigger a bonus event. In another embodiment, the active status may alternatively or additionally be based on the amount wagered on the plays of the primary game during a bonus event qualification period. In a further alternative embodiment, the determination of the active status may be based on a designated minimum number of plays of the primary game or number of wagers on the primary game in a designated time period. The determination of active status may take into account other factors such as interruptions or displays in play of the primary game such as caused by the triggering of other bonuses or the operation of other secondary games of the gaming machines. In another embodiment, a gaming machine can only be determined to be an active gaming machine if an additional wager, such as a side-bet or side-wager, is made by a player at a gaming machine of the gaming system for one play of a game, a plurality of plays of a game or all plays of a game in a designated period of time. It should be appreciated that a gaming machine may be classified as active based on any one or more suitable parameters or criteria as determined by the implementer or operator of the gaming system.
After a bonus event is determined to occur, the central server or controller will determine for each gaming machine if that gaming machine is in an active status and thus eligible to be selected by the controller to provide a bonus award. It should appreciated that a gaming machine in the system needs to be in active status during the bonus event qualification period to be eligible to provide either of the primary bonus or any secondary bonuses in the bonus event. It should also be appreciated that the bonus event qualification period could alternatively be based on the amount of the wagers in addition to or instead of the time of the wagers. In one such embodiment, if the player makes a designated number of wagers at a designated level, such as maximum wager on the primary game of a gaming machine, that gaming machine can qualify for the next triggered bonus event.
In an alternative embodiment, one or more other or additional awards, such as one or more progressive awards, are associated with the linked gaming machines. In one embodiment, the gaming machine must also be in active status to provide one of these additional award(s) to a player.
Additionally, it should be appreciated that the present invention contemplates other or additional methods for determining that a gaming machine is active. For instance, the player may be enabled to make a side wager or additional wager to be active for one or more subsequent bonus events. The side wager feature could also be time based where the additional wager causes the gaming machine to be active for a subsequent time period, such as one minute.
It should also be appreciated that one or more additional statuses may be employed in accordance with the present invention. In one embodiment, a participating status is provided for a gaming machine based on a determination of whether the gaming machine will be part of the bonus event or be eligible to be selected to provide a bonus award to the player of that gaming machine. For instance, a gaming machine will be in a participating status if an individual player playing the gaming machine is a premier player. This could be determined at least in part based on the status of that player determined via a player tracking card used by that player in the gaming machine. It should be appreciated that other criteria can be used to determine if a player is in the participating status. It should be further appreciated that when a gaming machine is in the participating status, the gaming system automatically treats the gaming machine as an active gaming machine for purposes of the other determinations including bonus event eligibility by the gaming system.
One embodiment of the gaming system of the present invention includes a minimum accumulated wagered amount or threshold prior to a determination of whether a bonus event will occur. As generally illustrated in
In another embodiment, the central controller determines whether to provide a bonus event at regular intervals based on any other suitable sample rate, such as once every two minutes. In one embodiment, each time interval is associated with a probability of the bonus event occurring, wherein the probability of a bonus event occurring increases over time until the probability of the bonus event occurring is one-hundred percent (which may additionally coincide with a cap or limit of which the accumulated wager pool may grow to). For example, if the probability associated with a bonus event occurring after two minutes is 2.0%, the probability associated with a bonus event occurring after ten minutes may be 10.0%. In another such embodiment, even if a bonus event is determined to occur (i.e., based on the probability associated with the elapsed time interval), the bonus event will only occur if the accumulated wager pool is at or above the predefined minimum threshold amount. In another such embodiment, if the accumulated wager pool is at or above the predefined minimum threshold amount, the central controller will begin to determine at regular or predetermined intervals (such as every fifteen seconds) whether to provide a bonus event.
In another embodiment, each time interval is associated with a probability of the bonus event occurring, wherein the probability of a bonus event occurring is based on the number of gaming machines in the active state. In this embodiment, the greater the number of active gaming machines in the gaming system, the greater the probability of the bonus event occurring at each designated time interval. For example, if one gaming machine is in the active state, the probability of the bonus event occurring at each designated time interval may be 0.1%, if two gaming machines are in the active state, the probability of the bonus event occurring at each designated time interval may be 0.2% and if three gaming machines are in the active state, the probability of the bonus event occurring at each designated time interval may be 0.3%. In another embodiment, each time interval is associated with a probability of the bonus event occurring, wherein the probability of a bonus event occurring is based on the number of credits played or wagers placed during the previous bonus event accumulation period or bonus event qualification period.
If the accumulated wager pool has reached the predefined minimal level, the central server determines whether to provide the bonus event to one of the gaming machines. In one embodiment, this is a random determination based on a suitable probability, such as two percent, five percent or ten percent. It should be appreciated that other suitable methods can be employed for determining whether to provide the bonus event to the player.
If the central server determines to provide the bonus event to the player, the central server immediately stores the accumulated wager pool for determining the modifier component of the bonus award and resets the accumulated wager pool for the subsequent bonus event. This accumulated wager pool for the subsequent bonus event will include any remainder as discussed below.
If the accumulated wager pool has not reached the predefined minimal level, the central server does not determine whether to provide a bonus event to one the gaming machines in the system. If the central server does not determine whether to provide a bonus event to one of the gaming machines in the system or the central server determines not to provide the bonus event to the players, the central server waits until the next interval based on the sampling rate. In this case, the server continues to track monetary units in each of the meters because a new bonus event has not occurred.
It should also be appreciated that these determinations could be combined as one function instead of two functions. More specifically, as the accumulated wager pool reaches each of a plurality of predefined levels, the central server will make the random determination of whether to provide a bonus event. This eliminates the need to sample the accumulated wager pool at regular intervals. In a further embodiment, sampling is done only after the accumulated wager pool reaches the predefined threshold level.
In an alternative embodiment, the gaming system can allow the gaming machines to trigger the occurrence of the bonus event for a group of gaming machines instead of determining if the bonus event will occur based on a sampling rate. After a bonus event is determined to occur by one of the gaming machines, the bonus awards are determined as described herein.
If the central server determines to provide the bonus event, the central server determines which active gaming machines to select to provide the bonus awards. In one embodiment, the central server determines which active gaming machine to select to provide the primary bonus award based on the relative amounts of total wagers placed by the active gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period. In one embodiment, the central server selects the gaming machine (to provide the primary bonus award) which had the largest total wagers during the bonus event accumulation period.
In another embodiment, the central server determines the relative percentage of amounts wagered at the active gaming machines to the total accumulated amounts wagered by those active gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period. In other words, the sum of the active gaming machines total wagers placed during the bonus event accumulation period will be used to determine a probability or percentage for each active gaming machine of being selected to provide the primary bonus award. The relative probabilities or percentages will almost always be different because as stated above, players play at different rates, players wager different amounts or players may play at different denominations and players also often vary their own wager rates and amounts.
It should be appreciated that if there are not active gaming machines or no gaming machines are being played when a bonus event is determined, in one embodiment, no gaming machines are selected to provide the bonus award and the amount of monetary units in the accumulated wager pool can be rolled into the next accumulated wager pool for the next or a subsequent bonus event. In this embodiment, the controller can detect if no gaming machines are active in the manner described above and can detect if no machines are being played in any suitable manner, such as based on cash outs, the existence of credits on the machines within certain time periods and/or the presence of player tracking cards.
The central server uses the relative probabilities or percentages of wagered amounts during the bonus event accumulation period for each active gaming machine to randomly determine which active gaming machine will be selected to provide the primary bonus award. Using this process, each active gaming machine has a chance of being selected to provide the primary bonus award. In this embodiment, the active gaming machine with the most amount wagered during the bonus event accumulation period has the best chance of providing the primary bonus award. On the other hand, the active gaming machine with the least amount wagered during the bonus event accumulation period has the worst chance of providing the primary bonus award.
Referring back to
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As discussed above, a gaming machine in the group may be enrolled but not active when a bonus event occurs. For instance, a gaming machine may be active for a period of time during the bonus event accumulation period, but then a player may be interrupted and allow the gaming machine to become inactive. In one embodiment, this enrolled but not active gaming machine is not eligible to obtain a primary or secondary bonus award. In this example, the inactive gaming machine's accumulated monetary units are excluded or not used in determining the relative percentages of wagered amounts of the active gaming machines as specifically illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 10, but are used in determining the part of the bonus award including the modifier or multiplier component as discussed below.
In one embodiment of the present invention, if a gaming machine is selected to provide an award and no player is playing that selected gaming machine during a timeout period (such as a 1 hour period), the amount of the award or amount of the accumulated wager pool which accounts for that award can be reallocated or rolled back into an accumulated wager pool for a subsequent bonus award. Alternatively, said award could be saved for a subsequent bonus event provided to another selected gaming machine.
As indicated above and illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 10, the central server determines which active gaming machines will be selected to provide the bonus awards based on a true weighted average of the wagered amounts for each active gaming machine relative to the total wagered amounts for all active gaming machines. In an alternative embodiment, the weighting is not truly proportional. In one such embodiment, the gaming machine with the largest portioned wagered amounts could achieve a higher weighting. Employing this embodiment, in the example of
The present invention contemplates a further alternative embodiment where a fixed percentage grid, matrix, or table is employed to determine the relative percentages. In one such embodiment, the rank of the wager meters of the active gaming machines determines the relative percentages regardless of how much is accumulated in each wager meter. For example, the higher rank could always have a 75% probability, the intermediate rank could always have a 20% probability and the lowest rank could always have a 5% probability. In the example where:
These percentages are fixed regardless of the actual ratios. It should also be appreciated that in this embodiment, each different number of active gaming machine can have a different table, grid or matrix associated with it. For example, the following grids, tables or matrixes could be provided for a gaming system with six gaming machines:
In another alternative embodiment, each gaming machine can be placed in a category or range. If two or more gaming machines are placed in the same category or range, than the percentage for that category or range is divided between those gaming machines.
In another alternative embodiment, if the central server determines that a bonus event will occur, the central server determines which active gaming machines to select to provide each of the bonus awards to based on the respective relative total amounts wagered on each of the active gaming machines, wherein one active gaming machine may be selected a plurality of times to provide one or a plurality of bonus awards. In this embodiment, a gaming machine (or individual player tracked via a player tracking system) is provided the chance to win a plurality of bonus awards. to qualify for inclusion in the bonus event a plurality of times, regardless of whether or not the central server previously selected the gaming machine (or individual player) to win a previous bonus award.
In one such embodiment, upon the determination to provide a bonus event, the central server determines, for each active gaming machine in the gaming system, a probability of winning a bonus award based on an amount that gaming machine contributed to the accumulated wager pool during the bonus event accumulation period. In this embodiment, for the primary bonus award, the central server randomly selects, based on the probabilities associated with the active gaming machines, one of the gaming machines. For each secondary bonus award (as described below), the central server randomly selects, based on the probabilities associated with the active gaming machines, one of the gaming machines, wherein the same gaming machine selected to provide the primary bonus award may also be selected to provide one, more or each of the secondary bonus awards. That is, even if a gaming machine is selected to provide one of the bonus awards, the same gaming machine may be reselected to provide another of the bonus awards. In other words, in this embodiment, a probability table constructed to determine each players relative probability of winning a bonus award includes a replacement feature wherein every gaming machine may be picked for each selection. Thus, even if a gaming machine is selected to provide one bonus award, the same gaming machine may be reselected to provide another bonus award. It should be appreciated that this embodiment provides that a gaming machine (or player) is provided a chance to win one or more bonus awards based on the respective relative total amounts wagered on that active gaming machine wherein a gaming machine (or player) with a high level of play is provided a correspondingly high probability of wining one or more bonus awards while a gaming machine (or player) with a low level of play is provided a correspondingly low probability of winning one or more bonus awards.
For example, as seen in
In one alternative embodiment, the gaming system includes a triggering gaming machine which is provided the primary bonus award. In this embodiment, the triggering gaming machine is a gaming machine associated with a suitable triggering event which causes a primary bonus award and one or more secondary bonus awards to be provided. For example, a triggering gaming machine is a gaming machine which generated a designated symbol or symbol combination in a primary game. In another example, a triggering gaming machine is a gaming machine which contributed an appropriate amount to cause an accumulated wager progressive award to reach a progressive award hit value (as described below). In this embodiment, for each secondary bonus award, the central server randomly selects, based on the probabilities associated with the active gaming machines, one of the gaming machines, wherein the triggering gaming machine may also be selected to provide one, more or each of the secondary bonus awards. In one alternative embodiment, all active gaming machines and all enrolled but not active gaming devices in the gaming system are operable to be provided the primary bonus award and one or more second bonus awards, wherein each gaming machine may be provided one or more bonus awards based on that gaming machine's respective relative total amount wagered.
In another such embodiment, upon the determination to provide a bonus event to a specific gaming machine or to a specific player (tracked via a player tracking system), the central server designates the specific gaming machine/player as the first participant in the group event. The central server determines for each gaming machine/player, a probability of participating in the bonus event based on an amount that gaming machine/player contributed to the accumulated wager pool since the last bonus event. In this embodiment, for the number of participants determined to be included in the bonus event, the central server randomly selects, based on the probabilities associated with the gaming machines/players, one of the gaming machines/players to participate in the bonus event. For the specific gaming machine/player designated as the first participant in the bonus event, the central server also determines a probability of participating in the bonus event based on an amount the specific gaming machine/player contributed to the accumulated wager pool since the last bonus event. It should be appreciated that in this embodiment, if a gaming machine/player is previously designated as a participant for the bonus event and that gaming machine/player is subsequently selected to participate in the bonus event, then that gaming machine/player is designated as more than one participant in the same bonus event, a different bonus event or a set of bonus events. It should be further appreciated that the group event may include a plurality of players (i.e., if at least two different players at least two gaming devices are each selected to be at least one participate in the group event) or one player (i.e., if one player at one gaming device is selected to be each participant in the group event).
For example, if a player's wager at gaming machine 14b increments an accumulated value progressive award to a determined progressive award hit value (as described in more detail below), the central server determines that a group event will occur and gaming machine 14b is designated as the first participant in the group event. In this example, the central server constructs a weighted probability table for each player's chance to participate in the group event, wherein the weighted probability table is based on the amount of play (such as the amount of monetary units wagered) since the last group event. As seen in
In this example, the central server determines to provide three participants in the group event and based on the associated probabilities described above, the central server randomly selects one of the gaming machines from the constructed probability table to be designated as the second participant in the group event. If the selected gaming machine is not an active gaming machine, the central controller randomly selects another one of the gaming machines until an active gaming machine is selected. In this case, gaming machine 14a is selected as the second participant in the group event. After selecting the second participant, the central server determines based on the probabilities of the constructed probability table, that gaming machine 14a is also selected as the third participant in the group event. That is, since gaming machine 14a contributed 80% to the accumulated wager pool, gaming machine 14a has an 80% of being selected as the second participant in the group event and also an 80% of being selected as the third participant in the group event (regardless of if gaming machine 14a was previously selected as the second participant). This multiple participation embodiments provides active players the opportunity to either win more awards up front or to have more entries in a group event (i.e., more opportunities to win one or more awards).
In one alternative embodiment, all active gaming machines and all enrolled but not active gaming devices in the gaming system are operable to be provided a chance to participate in the bonus event, wherein each gaming machine's chances to participate as one or more participants in the bonus event is based on that gaming machine's respective relative total amount wagered. In another alternative embodiment, the bonus event utilizes a shared device, such as a wheel, to determine one, more or each bonus event awards. It should be appreciated that any suitable manner of determining a bonus event award may be implemented in accordance with the gaming system disclosed herein.
When a bonus event is determined to occur, a primary bonus award will be provided to the player of one of the active gaming machines as discussed above. Additionally, in one embodiment, zero, one or more secondary bonus awards are also provided to the players of zero, one or more of the active gaming machines. In one embodiment, the number of secondary awards is based on the number of active gaming machines at the time of the occurrence of the bonus event and the maximum number of secondary bonus awards is limited by the number of enrolled gaming machines. In this embodiment, for each group of “x” gaming machines which are active, one secondary bonus award is provided to one of the active gaming machines. In one example illustrated in
In the first scenario of this example, one gaming machine is active when the bonus event occurs. In this scenario, a primary bonus award and zero secondary bonus awards are provided by the gaming machines in the system. In a second scenario of this example, two to six gaming machines are active when the bonus event occurs. In this scenario, one secondary bonus award will be provided by one of the active gaming machines in the system which does not provide the primary bonus award. In one embodiment, the active gaming machine which provides the primary bonus award is excluded from this determination. In one embodiment, the secondary bonus award will be provided by the active gaming machine with the highest wager meter that did not provide the primary bonus award. In this embodiment, the active gaming machine with the greatest amount wagered during the bonus event accumulation period will be selected to provide the secondary bonus award. It should be appreciated that this embodiment compensates the player who wagered the most during the bonus event accumulation period. This method creates a small advantage to the players that play the most monetary units during the bonus event accumulation period. In the unlikely event of a tie, in one embodiment, the central server randomly selects the active gaming machine selected to provide the secondary bonus award. In one embodiment, each active gaming machine has an equal probability of being selected to obtain a secondary bonus award. Other suitable methods can be employed in accordance with the present invention to determine which gaming machine which will obtain any secondary bonus award.
In a third scenario of this example, more than six gaming machines are active when the bonus event occurs. In this scenario, the bonus event will include multiple secondary bonus awards provided by the active gaming machines in the system. The number of secondary bonus awards will be based on the group size, in this example six. The number of active gaming machines will be divided by the group size and then rounded up. For example, if seven to twelve machines are active, the bonus event will include two secondary bonuses awards, if thirteen to eighteen machines are active, the bonus event will include three secondary bonus awards, etc. This could continue for more bonus awards depending on the active number of gaming machines. In one embodiment, similar to the second scenario, these secondary bonus awards will be provided by the active gaming machines with the highest wager meters during the bonus event accumulation period. Alternatively, any suitable method, such as the methods described above with respect to the primary award, could be used to determine which gaming machines will be selected to provide the secondary bonus awards.
It should thus be appreciated that in one embodiment, the central server determines each active gaming machine which will provide the secondary award. In alternative embodiments, a greater number of gaming machines or all of the active gaming machines could each be selected to provide a secondary award to the respective players. In such embodiments, the value component of the award determined by each gaming machine (as further discussed below) would be from a smaller range or have a smaller expected value. In one such embodiment, the ranges would have descending average expected values based on the order of the wager totals for such gaming machines. The value component would be combined with the modifier component, such as a multiplier component sent by the central server to each gaming machine to determine the secondary bonus award provided by each gaming machine. In a further alternative embodiment, the gaming machine could provide a fixed or designated award or a progressive award.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the primary bonus award is determined based on a value or value component determined for the primary bonus award and a modifier or modifier component determined for the primary bonus award. The value component modified by the modifier component results in the primary bonus award which is provided to or received by the player. In one embodiment, the gaming machine selected to provide the primary bonus award determines the value component of the primary bonus award and the central server determines the modifier component. In this embodiment, the central server determines and sends the modifier component to the selected gaming machine.
In one embodiment of the present invention, each secondary bonus award is determined based on a value or value component determined for that secondary bonus award and a modifier or modifier component determined for that secondary bonus award. The value component modified by the modifier component forms the secondary bonus award for that gaming machine. In one embodiment, the gaming machine selected to provide the secondary bonus award independently determines the value component of the secondary bonus award for that gaming machine and the central server determines the modifier component. In this embodiment, the central server sends the modifier component to that gaming machine. It should be appreciated that since the value components for the secondary bonus awards are each determined by the respective gaming machine selected to provide the secondary bonus awards, the secondary bonus awards for each selected gaming machine may be different.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the modifier or modifier component determined for each primary bonus award and each secondary bonus award is the same. In this embodiment, the central server determines the modifier component for the bonus awards and sends the modifier component to each of the selected gaming machines.
As discussed above, in one embodiment of the present invention, the number of active gaming machines in the system at the time of the occurrence of the bonus event determines the number of bonus awards provided in the gaming system. In one embodiment, a primary bonus award activating minimum level of gaming machines must be active for a bonus event to occur. If the minimum level of activated gaming machine is satisfied and the bonus event occurs, the central server will select one of the active gaming machines to provide the primary bonus award. If there is a primary and secondary bonus award activating minimum level of active gaming machines and such minimum level of active gaming machines is satisfied when the bonus event occurs, the central server will select the gaming machines to provide the primary bonus award and secondary bonus award(s). In one embodiment, as discussed above, the number of secondary awards will depend on the number of active gaming machines when the bonus event is triggered.
The determination of the value components of the primary and secondary bonus awards is determined based on the gaming machine system implementer's established probabilities for achieving each of the value components. The example payout tables in
The average expected value or value component of the primary bonus award is 29.2197 as illustrated in
In this example, there is one primary bonus award and there are ten possible secondary bonus awards (where all sixty gaming machines are being played and are active when the bonus event occurs). Accordingly, the expected average total bonus value or value component paid out for the maximum number of active gaming machines is (29.2197 for one primary bonus award)+(3.55172×ten secondary awards)=64.7369.
In this example, the bonus event awards (i.e., the primary bonus award and the secondary bonus awards) accounts for 30% or 0.30 of the overall average return for the gaming machines in the system. The 30% is a bonus percentage desired by the game designer which represents the allotment of the total return or average expected payout for the gaming machines in the system which is accounted for as primary bonus awards and secondary bonus awards. This excludes awards or payouts for the primary game and any other secondary games. This percentage can be any suitable amount to fit with the gaming machines of the present invention.
As described above, in one embodiment of the present invention, the accumulated wager pool must be sufficiently funded or funded to a designated level to make the first or initial random determination as to whether the bonus event should occur. In one embodiment, the designated level is determined based on the average total bonus pay out for the maximum amount of active gaming machines (which is 64.7369 in this example) divided by the dedicated bonus event percentage of the overall average player return (which is 0.30 in this example). Thus, (64.7369)/(0.30)=215.78966 is the minimum total number of monetary units which must actually be in the accumulated wager pool to allow the bonus event to occur in the example as illustrated in
In this example, the target average pay of the primary bonus award is 300 monetary units. In other words, on average, this is the amount that the game implementer desires the player who receives the primary bonus award to obtain or receive. It should be appreciated that this amount can vary from this example and that game implementers desire different target amounts for different bonuses.
As 300 is the target average pay of the primary bonus award and 29.2197 is the average pay value or value component per primary bonus award in this example, then (300)/(29.2197) or 10.2670 is the average multiplier which must be employed on average to reach the targeted average primary bonus award of 300.
In this example, since 215.78966 is the total minimum number of monetary units which must be pooled (in the accumulated wager pool) to allow the determination of whether the bonus event will occur and 10.2670 is the average multiplier which must be employed to reach the target average pay of the primary bonus award, then (215.78966)×(10.2670) or 2215.5124 which is rounded to 2216 monetary units is the target average of the accumulated wager pool per bonus award triggered. It should also be appreciated that as described above, the amounts wagered by all of the enrolled gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period are used as part of the accumulated wager pool in determining the modifier or multiplier even though certain of the enrolled gaming machines may not be active and thus may not be eligible to provide a bonus award.
In this example, the sample rate which is how often the central server will check to see if a bonus event will occur is every 50 monetary units. It should be appreciated that the sample rate could vary. It should also be appreciated that the sample rate could alternately be based on an amount of time. In this example, the probability of the bonus event occurring per sample is determined in the following manner. As the bonus pool must be greater than 215.78966 or 216 monetary units (rounded) to allow a bonus event determination to occur, the total number of monetary units which must be pooled on average to allow the bonus event to occur is the target average of the accumulated wager pool per bonus award triggered (2215.5124 rounded to 2216 in this example) less the minimum total number of monetary units which must actually be pooled to allow the bonus event determination (215.78966 rounded to 216 in this example). Thus, in this example, (2216-216) or 2000 is the average number of the accumulated wager pool which must be used. As 2000 is the average number of the accumulated wager pool which must be used, the probability is determined by dividing the desired sample rate by this average ((50)/(2000)=2.5%) to determine the probability of the bonus event occurring per sample. This probability is used to determine whether the bonus event occurs at each sampling after the minimum level of the accumulated wager pool is reached. It should be appreciated that any suitable method can be used to determine this probability.
The central server determines the modifier component, such as the multiplier component, of the primary bonus award and the secondary bonus award for each bonus event based on the accumulated wager pool for that bonus event. The central server will send this modifier or multiplier component to each gaming machine selected to provide the primary bonus award or selected to provide a secondary bonus award. Each selected gaming machine will use the received modifier or multiplier component and respective value component (determined by that gaming machine) to determine or calculate the primary bonus award or the secondary bonus award, respectively.
In one such embodiment, the modifier or multiplier is determined based on a ratio of the expected award to be paid versus the amount in the accumulated wager pool. The continuing example demonstrates this ratio.
As indicated above and in
An expected average bonus payout value is calculated by summing the average expected primary bonus value (29.2197) with the product of the average expected secondary bonus value times the number of secondary bonuses which will be awarded (i.e., 3.55172×(# active gaming machines)/6 (rounded up)). Thus, for
The central server determines the multiplier by: (1) dividing the accumulated wager pool by the average expected bonus payout values or value components for the primary and secondary awards of the bonus event; (2) taking into account that the bonus event is 30% of the overall average payout and (3) making the multiplier a whole number or integer. The central server sends each of the selected gaming machines the multiplier component.
Using case (c) above as an example, there is one primary bonus award and two secondary bonus awards (because twelve gaming machines are active). Accordingly, the expected average bonus payout value with one primary bonus award and two secondary bonus awards is 29.2197+(3.55172×2) or 36.3231. This, of course, is less than the maximum expected average bonus payout value of 64.7367 in this example which occurs with one primary bonus award and ten secondary bonus awards as described above.
In this example, as illustrated in
The central server takes into account that only part (i.e., 30% or 0.30) of the overall average payout or return to the player of the gaming machine is accounted for by the bonus event and the rest of the overall average payout or return to the player is accounted for by the primary game as well as other possible payouts or awards, such as a progressive jackpot award, or other secondary or bonus games. Therefore, on average, the coin-in must account for the payout of the bonus event. In this example, the accumulated wager pool is at 2416 monetary units when the central server determines that the bonus event is triggered and the bonus percentage is 0.3, thus the amount of the accumulated wager pool which can account for the bonus event is (2416)×(0.3) or 724.8 monetary units.
The central server determines the multiplier based on this allocated amount of the accumulated wager pool of 724.8 monetary units and the expected average bonus payout for the number of gaming machines selected for this bonus event which is 36.3231 monetary units (as indicated above). In this example, the allocated amount of the accumulated wager pool divided by the expected average bonus payout is (724.8)/(36.3231) or 19.9542. In this example, this amount is rounded down (i.e., truncated) to 19 to determine the multiplier. The multiplier is preferably rounded to avoid a non-integer multiplier which complicates the game for the player and can also lead to fractional credits. Thus, the amount of the allocated portion of the accumulated wager pool and the expected average bonus payout value (i.e., a theoretical amount) is used to determine the multiplier. The central server sends the multiplier of 19 to the gaming machine selected to provide the primary bonus award and each gaming machine selected to provide one of the secondary bonus awards.
The central server also uses the determined multiplier to determine the remainder of monetary units in the accumulated wager pool which are not accounted for in determining the multiplier and thus the awards in the bonus event. In this example, the expected average bonus payout value for the number of gaming machines selected times the multiplier is (36.3231)×(19) or 690.1389 which is the average expected payout for this example bonus event (including the primary bonus awards and secondary bonus awards). This amount is subtracted from the bonus portion of the accumulated wager pool to determine the bonus portion of the remainder which is (724.8)-(690.1389) or 34.6611 monetary units. This amount is then divided by the bonus percentage of the overall payout which is accounted for as bonus awards in the bonus event to determine the remainder of (34.6611)/(0.30) or 115.537 which is rounded to 116 monetary units in this example. This remainder represents the accumulated wager pool level which is necessary to subsequently provide the unallocated portion of the current accumulated wager pool while still maintaining the desired average return (30% here). In this example, a subsequent bonus event will include the 116 monetary units in the accumulated wager pool, 30% of which is 34.8, so the unused portion of a previous accumulated wager pool will be accounted for and dispersed in a subsequent bonus event, thereby preserving the desired average return. The 116 monetary units will remain in the accumulated wager pool for one or more subsequent bonus events. It is important to track the decimal values because this is based on the actual monetary units wagered by the players.
It should be appreciated that this remainder is an average expected remainder because the expected average bonus payout value is used to calculate this remainder. This is necessary to hold the percentage since it is theoretical and allows for volatility and the random feel of the bonus events instead of the pooled payouts.
It should be appreciated that, in one embodiment, the central server determines when to provide the bonus event to the gaming machines based in part on the actual accumulated wager pool. In this embodiment, the selected gaming machines determine the value components of the primary bonus awards and secondary bonus awards and the central server uses the expected average value component and the accumulated wager pool to determine the multiplier. The central server determines the remainder based on the accumulated wager pool and the modifier or multiplier. It should be appreciated that the remainder is based on the expected average value component and not the actual value components used to determine the bonus awards. Accordingly, the remainder added back to the accumulated bonus pool will not be an actual remainder. The accumulated wager pool after the first bonus event will be based on the remainder and the actual number of subsequently wagered monetary units. It should be further appreciated that, in one embodiment, after an initial bonus event, the accumulated wager pool for each subsequent bonus event is based in part on the actual number of monetary unit wagers placed and in part on the theoretical average expected remainder which is carried over from a previous bonus event.
In this example, because the number of active gaming machines is relatively low, the multiplier is relatively high. As the number of active gaming machines increases, the multiplier will decrease. This is in part because the equation accounts for the maximum number of active gaming machines and thus the maximum number of secondary awards.
In certain instances, a gaming machine will provide a negative return and in some instance, a gaming machine will overhold, but in the long run it should balance out. As described above, as the expected average bonus payout amount is employed instead of the actual payout amount, the provided bonus awards can have a great volatility over the short term while providing the player with the average expected values over the long term. That is, as the multiplier component is based, at least in part, on an expected average bonus payout value for the bonus event and not on the actual selected bonus payout values for the bonus event, the determined modifier or multiplier component may at times cause an over hold or an under hold of the actual accumulated wager pool.
An over hold of the actual accumulated wager pool occurs when the selected gaming machine(s) provide less primary and secondary bonus awards than the gaming system should theoretically provide as primary and secondary bonus awards based on the percentage of the overall paytable allocated to be paid out as primary and secondary bonus awards. For example, using the calculations described above and illustrated in
On the other hand, an under hold of the actual accumulated wager pool occurs when the selected gaming machine(s) provide more primary and secondary bonus awards than the gaming system should theoretically provide as primary and secondary bonus awards based on the percentage of the overall average payout to be paid out as primary and secondary bonus awards. For example, using the calculations described above and illustrated in
In one embodiment, any unaccepted awards become part of the remainder that is returned to or remains in the accumulated wager pool for a subsequent bonus event. For example, if a gaming machine is selected to provide a primary award, but the player of that gaming machine, not knowing that the gaming machine has been selected and they will achieve a bonus event on the next play, leaves the selected gaming machine prior to that play, the primary award is unaccepted and returned to the accumulated wager pool as part of the remainder. In another embodiment, no secondary awards may be provided to any players of gaming machines of the gaming system until the primary award is provided to a player of a gaming machine of the gaming system. For example, if one gaming machine is selected to provide a primary award, at least another gaming machine is selected to provide a secondary award and the player of the gaming machine selected to provide the primary award cashes out and leaves the selected gaming machine, then the primary award is unaccepted and thus no secondary awards may be provided to any players either. In another embodiment, if a primary award is unaccepted, then a gaming machine selected to provide a secondary award is selected to provide the unaccepted primary award. For example, if one gaming machine is selected to provide a primary award, one gaming machine is selected to provide a secondary award and the player of the gaming machine selected to provide the primary award cashes out and leaves the selected gaming machine, then the primary award is unaccepted and the player of the gaming machine selected to provide a secondary award is provided the unaccepted primary award. In such an embodiment, the secondary award may or may not also be provided to the player of the gaming machine selected to provide a secondary award.
a, 16b, 16c and 17 illustrate an example of the present invention wherein four players are playing four gaming machines enrolled in the gaming system. In this example, upon the first player(s) initiating game play on system gaming machine(s), a first bonus event accumulation period begins as indicated by block 302 in
At regular intervals, the central server samples the amount of monetary units wagered in the accumulated wager pool to determine whether the accumulated wager pool is at or above a minimum threshold level as indicated by block 306 and diamond 308 of
As illustrated in
In this example, after another thousand monetary units are wagered (i.e., the accumulated wager pool grows to two-thousand accumulated monetary units), the central server again samples the accumulated wager pool to determine if the accumulated wager pool is at or above the predefined threshold level of five-thousand monetary units. As the accumulated wager pool is not at or above the predefined threshold level, the central server determines that a bonus event will not occur and the bonus event accumulation period continues.
As seen in
After another one-thousand monetary units are wagered (i.e., the accumulated wager pool grows to six-thousand accumulated monetary units), the central server again samples the accumulated wager pool to determine if the accumulated wager pool is at or above the predefined threshold level of five-thousand units. As the accumulated wager pool is at six-thousand units which is above the predefined threshold level, the central server randomly determines whether or not to provide a bonus event based on the probability determination. In this example, the central sever determines not to provide a bonus event and thus the bonus event accumulation period continues with the amounts wagered at the four gaming machines funding the accumulated wager pool.
As illustrated in
After another one-thousand monetary units are wagered (i.e., the accumulated wager pool grows to eight-thousand accumulated monetary units), the central server again samples the accumulated wager pool to determine if the accumulated wager pool is at or above the predefined threshold level of five-thousand units. As the accumulated wager pool is at eight-thousand units which is above the predefined threshold level, the central server randomly determines whether or not to provide a bonus event. In this example, the central sever determines to provide a bonus event and thus the accumulated wager pool is set or closed as indicated by block 314 of
After the accumulated wager pool is set or closed, the central server determines which of the four enrolled gaming machines were active during a bonus event qualification period as indicated by block 316 of
In this example, as illustrated in
After determining which of the enrolled gaming machines were in active status during the bonus event qualification period, the central server next determines how many, if any, secondary bonus awards will be provided for this bonus event as indicated by block 318 of
After determining how many bonus awards to provide for this bonus event, the central server determines a modifier or multiplier component for the bonus awards to be provided as indicated by block 320 of
After determining a modifier or multiplier component, the central server selects one the determined active gaming machines to receive a primary bonus award as indicated by block 322 of
In this example, based on the relative total amounts of monetary units wagered by each of the active gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period, the probabilities for being awarded the primary bonus award for gaming machine 14a is 55% (i.e., 3600/6500), for gaming machine 14b is 37% (i.e., 2400/6500) and for gaming machine 14d is 8% (i.e., 500/6500). With these determined probabilities and one or more random number generators or random number generating algorithms, the central server will select one of the active gaming machines to provide the primary bonus award. In this example, based on these determined probabilities, the central server selected gaming machine 14a to provide the primary bonus award. It should be appreciated that in this example, as more monetary units were wagered at gaming machine 14a during the bonus event accumulation period, gaming machine 14a has the greatest odds or probability of being selected to provide the primary bonus award. That is, even though significantly more primary games were played at gaming machine 14d during the bonus event accumulation period, the central server accounts for the wager in monetary units of each play as well as the number of primary games played in determining the odds of which gaming machine will be selected to provide the primary bonus award.
If at least one secondary bonus award will not be provided to the player for this bonus event, the central server communicates the determined modifier or multiplier component to the selected gaming machine as indicated by diamond 324 and block 326 of
For illustration purposes, if at least one secondary bonus award will not be provided to the player for this bonus event (i.e., only one gaming machine is active), the central server would communicate the multiplier component of 15× to selected gaming machine 14a. Gaming machine 14a would then select a value component of ten and determine a primary bonus award of one-hundred-fifty based on multiplying the determined value component of ten by the determined multiplier of 15×. This determined primary bonus award of one-hundred-fifty would be provided to the player of gaming machine 14a and this bonus event would be complete.
On the other hand, if the central server previously determined that at least one secondary bonus award will be provided to the player for this bonus event, the central server selects one of the determined active gaming machines (not previously selected to receive the primary bonus award) for each secondary bonus award to be provided, as indicated by diamond 324 and block 334 of
The central server then communicates the determined multiplier component to the selected gaming machine as indicated by block 336 of
Each of the gaming machines selected to provide a secondary bonus award individually determines a value component for the secondary bonus award they will provide as indicated by block 338 of
As indicated by block 340 of
It should be appreciated that as each gaming device selected to provide a secondary bonus award individually determines the value component which will be modified by the central server determined modifier, there may be significant differences in value between any two or more secondary bonus awards. For example, if a first gaming machine selects the secondary bonus award value component of one and a second gaming machine selects the secondary bonus award value component of ten, then using the central server determined multiplier component of 15×, the first gaming machine will be provided a secondary bonus award of fifteen while the second gaming machine will be provided a secondary bonus award of one-hundred-fifty.
Along with each secondary bonus award provided to the player, the gaming machine selected to provide the primary bonus award to a player also determines and provides a primary bonus award to a player as indicated by block 328 of
In the above embodiment, a single modifier or multiplier is determined and sent by the controller to each gaming machine which is selected to provide a bonus award (i.e., a primary bonus award or a secondary bonus award) to the player of that selected gaming machine. In the alternative embodiment where all of the active gaming machines are selected to provide a bonus award, the modifier or multiplier for each active gaming machine can equal the ratio or relative percentage of wager amounts for that gaming machine. The single modifier or multiplier can be divided into a plurality of individual gaming machine modifiers or multipliers. This division can be based on the relative percentages of the wagers of such gaming machines during the bonus event accumulation period. These are the same ratios used to determine which gaming machine will be selected to provide the primary bonus award as described above.
In one example of this embodiment, the multiplier is determined to be 20× and there are three active gaming machines in the system. The relative percentages of wagered amounts and the split of the multiplier component is illustrated below:
In this embodiment, one table instead of two can be employed to determine the value components for the primary and secondary awards determined by each of the active gaming machines because the individual modifiers or multipliers account for the different award levels.
In one embodiment, the gaming system includes a cap for the bonus modifier or multiplier. In the above example, the cap is 200. This prevents the gaming machines from overflowing the bonus displays or awarding a jackpot larger than desired. In the example, if the total wagered meter results in a bonus multiplier of 210, only the maximum multiplier of 200 will be sent to the gaming machine which wins the primary bonus award and the extra 10 times the bonus award value will be part of the remainder that is returned to the accumulated wager pool for a subsequent bonus event. In one embodiment, the controller can guarantee that a bonus event will occur after enough monetary units are accumulated in the accumulated wager pool such that the maximum multiplier will be determined by the controller.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, after each bonus event, the accumulated wager pool is reset to a remainder value based on any unaccounted for monetary units in determining the modifier component of the bonus award. In one embodiment, the enrolled gaming machines wager meters are also zeroed out regardless of whether such machines were active or not at the occurrence of the bonus event. In another embodiment, the wager meters are not zeroed out and/or respectively include a percentage of the previous wager meters.
It should also be appreciated that the present invention contemplates other methods for increasing the individual gaming machine meters or changing the percentage the gaming machine has in being selected to provide a bonus award. For instance, the gaming system can allow the players to place one or more side wagers or additional wagers to have a greater relative percentage of obtaining the primary bonus award or the secondary bonus award.
In one alternative embodiment of the present invention, a minimum wager level is required for a gaming machine to qualify to be selected to obtain the primary award or be considered in the determination of which gaming machine is active and thus may be selected to obtain the primary award. In one embodiment, this minimum wager level is the maximum wager level for the primary game in the gaming machine. This requirement is in addition to the requirement that the gaming machine be active to qualify for the determination of which gaming machine will be selected to obtain the primary award.
In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, a minimum wager level is required for a gaming machine to qualify to be selected to obtain one of the secondary bonus awards or be considered in the determination of which gaming machines are active and thus may be selected to obtain the secondary bonus awards. In one embodiment, this minimum wager level is the maximum wager level for the primary game in the gaming machine. This requirement is in addition to the requirement that the gaming machine be active to qualify for the determination of which gaming machine will be selected to obtain the primary award.
Another method for determining if the gaming machine is active is whether or not the player has wagered a minimum level of monetary units since the occurrence of the last bonus event.
In the above described embodiments of the present invention, the gaming machines do not provide any apparent reasons to the players for obtaining the primary or secondary bonus awards. In alternative embodiments, the bonus awards can be triggered by an event in or based specifically on a play of a primary game or a play of a secondary game of the gaming machines selected to provide the primary or secondary bonus award.
In one alternative embodiment, the bonus awards are accounted for as part of the average payouts instead of being accounted for based on the accumulated wager pool. In this embodiment, the accumulated wager pool is still employed to determine when the bonus event is triggered and which gaming machines will be selected to provide the bonus award(s). However, the accumulated wager pool is not employed to determine the amount of the bonus award and particularly not the amount of a bonus modifier or multiplier component. In this embodiment, there is no need for a minimum threshold level for determining if the bonus event determination can be made. In other words, the central server can immediately start checking at the interval of the sampling rate whether to provide a bonus event. In this alternative embodiment, the gaming system does not have to employ a minimum threshold to trigger the bonus event because the bonus award is accounted for directly in the paytables of the gaming machines of the gaming system instead of by the accumulated wager pool. It should also be appreciated that the bonus awards could be fixed or predetermined amounts.
In another embodiment, a bonus award may be based, at least in part, on the occurrence of one or more events at one gaming machine and also, at least in part, on a determination by a central controller based on a plurality of gaming machines in a gaming system. In certain such embodiments, upon a secondary or bonus game triggering event, a secondary or bonus game is triggered. In this embodiment, the secondary or bonus game proceeds and a secondary game award or bonus game award is determined based on the play of the secondary or bonus game. Additionally, the play of the secondary or bonus game determines which of any of a plurality of bonus awards may be provided to the player, wherein, as described above, the plurality of bonus awards are determined, at least in part, by the amounts wagered at a plurality of gaming machines in the gaming system. Accordingly, the total award provided to the player is based on: (i) any determined secondary game award or bonus game award determined during the play of the secondary or bonus game; and (ii) one of a plurality of bonus awards which is selected based on the play of the secondary or bonus game, wherein the amounts of the plurality of bonus awards are determined, at least in part, by a central controller.
For example, if the secondary or bonus game is a free game or free activation game, the player may be provided a designated number of free games, such as free spins. During each free game, the gaming device determines any free game awards associated with any generated winning symbol combinations and the gaming device may or may not accumulate any designated symbols. After each of the designated number of free games are provided to the player, the gaming machine determines, based on the accumulated number of designated symbols, which of any of a plurality of bonus awards, such as which of any of a plurality of progressive awards, to provide to the player. That is, designated symbols (or points associated with designated symbols) accumulate during the free games and a progressive award level is determined based on the number of accumulated designated symbols (or accumulated points). The determined bonus award and any determined free game awards are combined to be provided to the player as one overall award. It should be appreciated that as the plurality of bonus awards are determined by the central controller, which of those bonus awards the player may be provided is determined, at least in part, based on one or more events at one of the gaming machines in the gaming system and any determined free game awards are determined based on one or more events at one of the gaming machines in the gaming system, in this embodiment, the overall award is determined, at least partially based on a determination at a central controller (i.e., the progressive award) and at least partially based on a determination during a free game sequence at a gaming machine (i.e., the free game sequence award).
In another embodiment wherein the symbols generated by the gaming device function in determining both the free game awards and which of a plurality of progressive awards to provide to the player, one, more or each of the reels include locking symbols. In this embodiment, when a locking symbol is generated on a reel, the reel which generated the locking symbols is locked for the remainder of the free game. When each of the provided free games have been played, in addition to any determined free game awards, one of a plurality of bonus awards (i.e., one of a plurality of progressive awards) is provided to the player based on the number of locked reels. In another embodiment with locking symbols, each of the reels is associated with a different bonus award/progressive award. In this embodiment, when a locking symbol is generated on a reel, in addition to any determined free game awards, the bonus award/progressive award associated with the reel which generated the locking symbol is provided to the player. It should be appreciated that any suitable manner of determining an award may be implemented, wherein part of the award is determined by a central controller and part of the award is determined by an individual gaming device.
In one embodiment, the bonus event includes a progressive award. In one embodiment, the bonus awards include a plurality of progressive awards. The progressive awards are associated with the system gaming machines which each contribute portions of the progressive awards. The multiple gaming machines may be in the same bank of machines, in the same casino or gaming establishment such as through LAN or in two or more different casinos or gaming establishments such as through a WAN. It should thus be appreciated that in one or more embodiments, the controller may also function as a progressive controller.
In one embodiment, the progressive awards start at different levels such as $10, $100, $1000 and $10,000. This is directly funded in a conventional manner. The progressive awards accumulate based on a small percentage (such as 0.1%) of coin-in or wagered amounts in a conventional manner. In one embodiment, the percentage that goes to each progressive award is equal (such as 0.1% to each of four progressive awards). In other embodiments, two or more of the progressive awards may be funded by different percentages.
In one embodiment, when the bonus event occurs, the central server determines one of the active gaming machines to provide one of the progressive awards in the same manner as described above. The central server determines which active gaming machine to give the progressive award to based on the weighted average of the wagers placed for the active gaming machines as in the above embodiment. Alternatively, the gaming system could employ a suitable alternative method for selecting which gaming machine will provide the progressive award. In one embodiment, the gaming system includes a symbol driven progressive jackpot award for the gaming machines. In another embodiment, one of the progressive awards is provided to one of the gaming machines in the system as part of a bonus game triggered in a subsequent play of the primary game. In other words, after the central server determines that a bonus event will occur, the bonus event is provided to the selected active gaming machine as a bonus event or as part of a bonus event triggered from a subsequently played primary game.
As generally illustrated in
In one embodiment, the central server continues to increase the progressive levels until the progressive award is actually won by a player. It should be appreciated that in one embodiment, the progressive meters continue to increment because the central server does not determine which award to provide to the selected gaming machine but as described above, which progressive award is provided to the selected gaming machine is determined based on the play of a subsequent bonus game. In this embodiment, because the progressive awards continue to increase until they are actually won by the player, a player may wait to allow the progressive awards to increase after the player triggers the bonus game. To encourage a player to finish or complete the bonus game and obtain one of the progressive awards, a suitable encouragement mechanism may be employed in accordance with the present invention. One way to encourage the player to play the bonus game quickly after it is triggered (and obtain one of the progressive awards) is to provide that another gaming machine in the system can be awarded another or subsequent bonus event by the central server and win one of the progressive awards. Therefore, the second player can win one of the higher progressive awards. After the second player wins one of the progressive awards, that progressive award would be reset to the minimum amount for that progressive award level. Therefore, the first player would have a lower average expected award because one of the progressive awards has been reset to the starting value for that level.
For example, if based on the probability of being selected for a bonus award as described above in relation to
In operation, the player plays the provided bonus or secondary game and based on the associated probabilities, one of the plurality of outcomes is provided to the player. The progressive award corresponding with the provided outcome is provided to the player and the secondary game ends. In this example, the player of gaming machine 14b obtained secondary game outcome B in the secondary game and thus the player was provided progressive award 2 which, as illustrated in
In one embodiment, the gaming system must payout at least the base or reset value of the progressive award when a bonus event is hit because at least this base progressive value is built into the paytable of the gaming system. A potential problem arises if a gaming machine is selected to provide the bonus award and the player of that gaming machine does not know that the gaming machine has been selected. For instance, the player may cash out because the player does not know the player will achieve a bonus event on the next play and thus may not play the next primary game where the player would trigger a bonus game in which the bonus amount would be determined. In such a case, the central server picks another gaming machine to provide the bonus event. This can be done randomly or in any other suitable manner. In one embodiment, the player with the highest accumulated number of monetary units during the bonus event accumulation period can receive the bonus event. In another embodiment, this determination can be suitably weighted. In an alternative embodiment, the first player to play one of the gaming machines in the system is awarded the bonus event. In one embodiment, the central server informs the player of the selected gaming device that the player will receive one of the progressive awards.
For example, if based on the example described above, the gaming system determines that gaming machine 14b will be provided one of the plurality of progressive awards during a subsequent play of the primary game. The player of gaming machine 14b has however cashed out of gaming machine 14b prior to any subsequent play of the primary game (with no other player initiating game play at gaming machine 14b). In this case, as the gaming system must payout at least one of the plurality of progressive awards (as required by the paytable of the gaming system), the gaming system must select another one of the gaming machines in the gaming system to provide one of the plurality of progressive awards. In this example, based on the probability of being selected for a bonus award as described above in
In one embodiment, a bonus event may be pending if no gaming machines in the system are active or being played. Thus, a new player of one of the gaming machines in the system can achieve the pending bonus award on that player's first play of the primary game on one of the gaming machines in the system.
In one alternative embodiment, the gaming machines require an additional wager to fund the bonus awards or progressives awards. For example, the accumulated wager pool is funded, at least partially, via a side-bet or side-wager which the player may make (and which is tracked, in one embodiment, via a side-bet meter). In one embodiment, the accumulated wager pool is funded with only side-bets or side-wagers placed. In another embodiment, the accumulated wager pool is funded based on player's wagers as described above as well as any side-bets or side-wagers placed. In another embodiment, a gaming machine can only be active if such additional wager is made by the player. In this embodiment, a side-bet or side-wager must be placed (and tracked via a side-bet meter) at a gaming machine of the gaming system for that gaming machine to be classified as in the active state.
It should be appreciated that this embodiment eliminates the need for the modifier or multiplier component because fixed starting values for the progressive award are built into the paytables and the minimum amounts are guaranteed to be paid out. Therefore, monetary units do not have to be rolled back into the accumulated wager pool to increase a subsequent modifier or multiplier and no remainder needs to be calculated and added to the accumulated wager pool.
It should also be appreciated that this alternative embodiment does not need to include any secondary bonus awards. However, one or more secondary bonus awards may be employed in this embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
It should further be appreciated that the gaming system of the present invention could determine to provide one or more of the progressive bonus awards simultaneously to multiple different gaming machines in the system. This could create a competitive gaming environment where players are competing to obtain the different progressive bonus awards.
In a further embodiment, one or more additional progressive awards may be provided by the system based on certain inputs by the players or other factors. In one such embodiment, if the player which receives the bonus event has made a designated minimum wager amount, such as the maximum wager, the gaming system can provide the player a chance to receive a further progressive award, such as a fifth progressive award in the above example. This could be provided automatically or upon the occurrence of a designated event or condition. This allows for even higher awards, such as higher progressive awards of over $1,000,000.
In another embodiment including one or more additional progressive awards and as described above, if a player's wager at a specific gaming machine increments an accumulated value progressive award to a determined progressive award hit value, the central controller determines that a group event will occur and the specific gaming machine is designated as the first participant in the group event. In one such embodiment, the gaming machines of the gaming system are operable to provide one or more accumulated value progressive awards or Nth coin progressive awards to one or more players. Such accumulated value progressive awards are driven by an amount of wagers placed or a suitable coin-in amount. In one such embodiment, each accumulated value progressive award is associated with a range of values, wherein each progressive award will be provided to a player of a gaming device in the gaming system when the progressive award increments to a progressive award hit value within the range of values associated with that progressive award. That is, when an accumulated value progressive award increases to a determined progressive award hit value, a triggering event will occur and the accumulated value progressive award will be provided to one or more players. In different embodiments, the progressive award hit value at which an accumulated value progressive award is provided to one of the players is predetermined, randomly determined, determined based on the wagers placed in the gaming system, determined based on the status of one or more players (such as determined through a player tracking system), determined based on time, or determined based on any other suitable method. In this embodiment, after the accumulated value progressive award is provided to a player, the accumulated value progressive award is reset to a default value and starts incrementing from the default progressive award level.
In operation of one such embodiment, the central server which hosts one of these accumulated value progressive awards: (1) determines a minimum amount and a maximum amount for the progressive award or prize pool, (2) provides that the progressive award or prize pool starts at the minimum, (3) determines an accumulated value progressive award hit value between the minimum amount and the maximum amount, (4) increments the progressive award or prize pool with a configured percent of coin-in, and (5) provides the progressive award or prize pool when the progressive award or prize pool equals the determined accumulated value progressive award hit value. In this embodiment, the accumulated value progressive award hit value is determined at random to maintain fairness for the players at the gaming devices in the gaming system, wherein the players are not aware of any determined accumulated value progressive award hit value.
In different embodiments, the range of values associated with an accumulated value progressive award is predetermined, randomly determined, determined based on the wagers placed in the gaming system, determined based on the status of one or more players (such as determined through a player tracking system), determined based on time, or determined based on any other suitable method. In one embodiment, a plurality of accumulated value progressive awards are associated with different value ranges. In another embodiment, each of a plurality of accumulated value progressive awards are associated with a different value range. In another embodiment, a plurality of accumulated value progressive awards are associated with the same value range. In another embodiment, the value range associated with an accumulated value progressive award a player plays for is based on a player's status (via a player tracking system). For example, a bronze level player may play for an accumulated value progressive award associated with a value range of $10 to $100, a silver player may play for an accumulated value progressive award associated with a value range of $200 to $500 and a gold player may play for an accumulated value progressive award associated with a value range of $1000 to $5000.
The central server tracks the progressive increment and sends the value to a gaming machine when the central server determines that a progressive award has been won on a gaming machine. In another alternative embodiment, an additional progressive award such as a jackpot award (e.g., progressive award starting at $1,000,000 or more) may be employed in the gaming system of the present invention. In one such embodiment, this level is only available if a designated wager level was made, such as the maximum wager. In one embodiment, this additional progressive award is employed as a fifth progressive award level in the multiple progressive award level described above. It can be won through the random bonus or other suitable methods.
As indicated above, the bonus awards can be completely mystery bonus awards provided to the players of the gaming machines with or without explanation or information provided to the player, or alternatively can be displayed to the player, such as the progressive awards in
This information can be used to entertain the player or inform the player that a bonus event has occurred or will occur. Examples of such information are:
(1) that a bonus event has occurred;
(2) that a bonus event will shortly occur (i.e., foreshadowing the bonus event);
(3) that one or more bonus awards have been provided to one or more players of the system gaming machines;
(4) that one or more bonus awards will be shortly provided to one or more players of the system gaming machines;
(5) which gaming machines have won the bonus awards such as the primary award, secondary awards or progressive awards;
(6) the amount of the bonus awards won;
(7) the amount of the bonus awards that can be won such as the progressive awards; and
(8) the level that an active bonus is at.
It should be appreciated that such information can be provided to the players through any suitable audio, audio-visual or visual devices.
In an alternative embodiment, rather than utilizing a multiplier component and a value component to determine a primary bonus award, the gaming system utilizes a plurality of different predefined bonus award pools to determine a primary bonus award. Each bonus award pool includes a plurality of different bonus awards which are each associated with a probability of being selected. In this embodiment, each bonus award pool is associated with a different threshold or range of wagers accumulated in the accumulated wager pool. In one embodiment, the greater the accumulated amount in the accumulated wager pool, the greater the average expected primary bonus award of the bonus pool utilized to determine the primary bonus award. The following is an example of a pool structure in accordance with one such embodiment:
In operation of this embodiment, when a bonus event is determined to occur, the central server selects one of the bonus award pools. The selected bonus award pool is based on the amount of accumulated wagers in the accumulated wager pool. For example, as illustrated above, if the accumulated wager pool is at 630, the central server selects Pool C.
In one embodiment, the central server communicates data regarding the determined bonus award pool to a selected gaming device. In this embodiment, the selected gaming device then selects one of the primary bonus awards based on the probabilities associated with each primary bonus award in the communicated bonus award pool and provides the selected primary bonus award to the player. For example, the central server communicates data regarding Pool C and the selected gaming device selects, based on the probabilities of the primary bonus awards in Pool C, a primary bonus award of 500 to provide to the player of the selected gaming device. In another embodiment, the central server selects one of the primary bonus awards from the determined bonus award pool and communicates the selected primary bonus award to the selected gaming device to provide to the player of the selected gaming device. In these embodiment, while the primary bonus award is based on awards selected from predefined bonus award pools, the determination of which predefined bonus award pool to utilize is based on the accumulated wager pool and thus the primary bonus award is determined, at least in part, on the wagers accumulated in the accumulated wager pool.
As mentioned above, the present disclosure may be implemented in various configurations for gaming machines or gaming devices, including but not limited to: (1) a dedicated gaming machine or gaming device, wherein the computerized instructions for controlling any games (which are provided by the gaming machine or gaming device) are provided with the gaming machine or gaming device prior to delivery to a gaming establishment; and (2) a changeable gaming machine or gaming device, where the computerized instructions for controlling any games (which are provided by the gaming machine or gaming device) are downloadable to the gaming machine or gaming device through a data network when the gaming machine or gaming device is in a gaming establishment. In one embodiment, the computerized instructions for controlling any games are executed by a central server, central controller or remote host. In such a “thin client” embodiment, the central server remotely controls any games (or other suitable interfaces) and the gaming device is utilized to display such games (or suitable interfaces) and receive one or more inputs or commands from a player. In another embodiment, the computerized instructions for controlling any games are communicated from the central server, central controller or remote host to a gaming device local processor and memory devices. In such a “thick client” embodiment, the gaming device local processor executes the communicated computerized instructions to control any games (or other suitable interfaces) provided to a player.
In one embodiment, one or more gaming devices in a gaming system may be thin client gaming devices and one or more gaming devices in the gaming system may be thick client gaming devices. In another embodiment, certain functions of the gaming device are implemented in a thin client environment and certain other functions of the gaming device are implemented in a thick client environment. In one such embodiment, computerized instructions for controlling any primary games are communicated from the central server to the gaming device in a thick client configuration and computerized instructions for controlling any secondary games or bonus functions are executed by a central server in a thin client configuration.
Two alternative embodiments of the gaming machines of the present invention are generally illustrated in
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
In one embodiment, part or all of the program code and/or operating data described above can be stored in a detachable or removable memory device, including, but not limited to, a suitable cartridge, disk, CD ROM, DVD or USB memory device. In other embodiments, part or all of the program code and/or operating data described above can be downloaded to the memory device through a suitable network. A player can use such a removable memory device in a desktop, a laptop personal computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA) or other computerized platform to implement the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the gaming device or gaming machine disclosed herein is operable over a wireless network, such as part of a wireless gaming system. In this embodiment, the gaming machine may be a hand held device, a mobile device or any other suitable wireless device that enables a player to play any suitable game at a variety of different locations. It should be appreciated that a gaming device or gaming machine as disclosed herein may be a device that has obtained approval from a regulatory gaming commission or a device that has not obtained approval from a regulatory gaming commission. It should be appreciated that the processor and memory device may be collectively referred to herein as a “computer.”
In one embodiment, as discussed in more detail below, the gaming machine randomly generates awards and/or other game outcomes for the primary game based on probability data. In one such embodiment, this random determination is provided through utilization of a random number generator (RNG), such as a true random number generator, a pseudo random number generator or other suitable randomization process. In one embodiment, each award or other game outcome for the primary game is associated with a probability and the gaming machine generates the award or other game outcome to be provided to the player based on the associated probabilities. In this embodiment, since the gaming machine generates outcomes randomly or based upon one or more probability calculations, there is no certainty that the gaming machine will ever provide the player with any specific award or other game outcome.
In another embodiment, as discussed in more detail below, the gaming machine employs a predetermined or finite set or pool of awards or other game outcomes. In this embodiment, as each award or other game outcome is provided to the player, the gaming machine removes the provided award or other game outcome from the predetermined set or pool. Once removed from the set or pool, the specific provided award or other game outcome cannot be provided to the player again. This type of gaming machine provides players with all of the available awards or other game outcomes over the course of the play cycle and guarantees the amount of actual wins and losses.
It should be appreciated that the present invention may be employed in a central determination system where a central controller picks the outcome from a pool of outcomes. In one such embodiment, after the central server determines an outcome for a gaming machine, the gaming system will store such outcome until that gaming machine is selected to receive the bonus event and the selected gaming machine makes a request for an outcome.
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
As seen in
The display devices may include, without limitation, a monitor, a television display, a plasma display, a liquid crystal display (LCD) a display based on light emitting diodes (LED), a display based on a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), a display based on polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), a display based on a plurality of surface-conduction electron-emitters (SEDs), a display including a projected and/or reflected image or any other suitable electronic device or display mechanism. In one embodiment, as described in more detail below, the display device includes a touch-screen with an associated touch-screen controller. The display devices may be of any suitable configuration, such as a square, rectangle, elongated rectangle.
The display devices of the gaming machine are configured to display at least one and preferably a plurality of game or other suitable images, symbols and indicia such as any visual representation or exhibition of the movement of objects such as mechanical, virtual or video reels and wheels, dynamic lighting, video images, images of people, characters, places, things and faces of cards, tournament advertisements and the like.
In one alternative embodiment, the symbols, images and indicia displayed on or of the display device may be in mechanical form. That is, the display device may include any electromechanical device, such as one or more mechanical objects, such as one or more rotatable wheels, reels or dice, configured to display at least one and preferably a plurality of game or other suitable images, symbols or indicia.
As illustrated in
As seen in
In one embodiment, as shown in
In one embodiment, one input device is a cash out button 238. The player may push the cash out button and cash out to receive a cash payment or other suitable form of payment corresponding to the number of remaining credits. In one embodiment, when the player cashes out, the player receives the coins or tokens in a coin payout tray 240. In one embodiment, when the player cashes out, the player may receive other payout mechanisms such as tickets or credit slips redeemable by a cashier (or other suitable redemption system) or funding to the player's electronically recordable identification card.
In one embodiment, as mentioned above and seen in
The gaming machine may further includes a plurality of communication ports for enabling communication of the processor with external peripherals, such as external video sources, expansion buses, game or other displays, an SCSI port or a key pad.
In one embodiment, as seen in
In one embodiment, the gaming machine may include a sensor, such as a camera, in communication with the processor (and possibly controlled by the processor) that is selectively positioned to acquire an image of a player actively using the gaming machine and/or the surrounding area of the gaming machine. In one embodiment, the camera may be configured to selectively acquire still or moving (e.g., video) images and may be configured to acquire the images in either an analog, digital or other suitable format. The display devices may be configured to display the image acquired by the camera as well as display the visible manifestation of the game in split screen or picture-in-picture fashion. For example, the camera may acquire an image of the player and that image can be incorporated into the primary and/or secondary game as a game image, symbol or indicia.
As indicated above and as illustrated in
The plurality of the gaming machines of the present invention are capable of being linked through a data network. In one embodiment, the data network is a local area network (LAN), in which one or more of the gaming machines are substantially proximate to each other and an on-site central server or controller as in, for example, a gaming establishment or a portion of a gaming establishment. In another embodiment, the data network is a wide area network (WAN) in which one or more of the gaming machines are in communication with at least one off-site central server or controller. In this embodiment, the plurality of gaming machines may be located in a different part of the gaming establishment or within a different gaming establishment than the off-site central server or controller. Thus, the WAN may include an off-site central server or controller and an off-site gaming machine located within gaming establishments in the same geographic area, such as a city or state. The WAN gaming system of the present invention may be substantially identical to the LAN gaming system described above, although the number of gaming machines in each system may vary relative to each other.
In another embodiment, the data network is an internet or intranet. In this embodiment, the operation of the gaming machine can be viewed at the gaming machine with at least one internet browser. In this embodiment, operation of the gaming machine and accumulation of credits may be accomplished with only a connection to the central server or controller (the internet/intranet server) through a conventional phone or other data transmission line, digital signal line (DSL), T-1 line, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, or other suitable connection. In this embodiment, players may access an Internet game page from any location where an internet connection and computer, or other internet facilitator are available. The expansion in the number of computers and number and speed of internet connections in recent years increases opportunities for players to play from an ever-increasing number of remote sites. It should be appreciated that enhanced bandwidth of digital wireless communications may render such technology suitable for some or all communications according to the present invention, particularly if such communications are encrypted. Higher data transmission speeds may be useful for enhancing the sophistication and response of the display and interaction with the player.
In another embodiment, a plurality of gaming machines at one or more gaming sites may be networked to a central server in a progressive configuration, as known in the art, wherein a portion of each wager to initiate a base or primary game may be allocated to bonus or secondary event awards. In one embodiment, a host site computer is coupled to a plurality of the central servers at a variety of mutually remote gaming sites for providing a multi-site linked progressive automated gaming system. In one embodiment, a host site computer may serve gaming machines distributed throughout a number of properties at different geographical locations including, for example, different locations within a city or different cities within a state.
In one embodiment, the host site computer is maintained for the overall operation and control of the system. In this embodiment, a host site computer oversees the entire progressive gaming system and is the master for computing all progressive jackpots. All participating gaming sites report to, and receive information from, the host site computer. Each central server computer is responsible for all data communication between the gaming machine hardware and software and the host site computer.
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
In an alternative embodiment, rather than determining any outcome to provide to the player by analyzing the symbols generated on any wagered upon paylines as described above, the gaming device determines any outcome to provide to the player based on the number of associated symbols which are generated in active symbol positions on the requisite number of adjacent reels (i.e., not on paylines passing through any displayed winning symbol combinations). In this embodiment, if a winning symbol combination is generated on the reels, the gaming device provides the player one award for that occurrence of the generated winning symbol combination. For example, if one winning symbol combination is generated on the reels, the gaming device will provide a single award to the player for that winning symbol combination (i.e., not based on the number of paylines that would have passed through that winning symbol combination). It should be appreciated that because a gaming device with wagering on ways to win provides the player one award for a single occurrence of a winning symbol combination and a gaming device with paylines may provide the player more than one award for the same occurrence of a single winning symbol combination (i.e., if a plurality of paylines each pass through the same winning symbol combination), it is possible to provide a player at a ways to win gaming device with more ways to win for an equivalent bet or wager on a traditional slot gaming device with paylines.
In one embodiment, the total number of ways to win is determined by multiplying the number of symbols generated in active symbol positions on a first reel by the number of symbols generated in active symbol positions on a second reel by the number of symbols generated in active symbol positions on a third reel and so on for each reel of the gaming device with at least one symbol generated in an active symbol position. For example, a three reel gaming device with three symbols generated in active symbol positions on each reel includes 27 ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×3 symbols on the second reel×3 symbols on the third reel). A four reel gaming device with three symbols generated in active symbol positions on each reel includes 81 ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×3 symbols on the second reel×3 symbols on the third reel×3 symbols on the fourth reel). A five reel gaming device with three symbols generated in active symbol positions on each reel includes 243 ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×3 symbols on the second reel×3 symbols on the third reel×3 symbols on the fourth reel×3 symbols on the fifth reel). It should be appreciated that modifying the number of generated symbols by either modifying the number of reels or modifying the number of symbols generated in active symbol positions by one or more of the reels, modifies the number of ways to win.
In another embodiment, the gaming device enables a player to wager on and thus activate symbol positions. In one such embodiment, the symbol positions are on the reels. In this embodiment, if based on the player's wager, a reel is activated, then each of the symbol positions of that reel will be activated and each of the active symbol positions will be part of one or more of the ways to win. In one embodiment, if based on the player's wager, a reel is not activated, then a designated number of default symbol positions, such as a single symbol position of the middle row of the reel, will be activated and the default symbol position(s) will be part of one or more of the ways to win. This type of gaming machine enables a player to wager on one, more or each of the reels and the processor of the gaming device uses the number of wagered on reels to determine the active symbol positions and the number of possible ways to win. In alternative embodiments, (1) no symbols are displayed as generated at any of the inactive symbol positions, or (2) any symbols generated at any inactive symbol positions may be displayed to the player but suitably shaded or otherwise designated as inactive.
In one embodiment wherein a player wagers on one or more reels, a player's wager of one credit may activate each of the three symbol positions on a first reel, wherein one default symbol position is activated on each of the remaining four reels. In this example, as described above, the gaming device provides the player three ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×1 symbol on the second reel×1 symbol on the third reel×1 symbol on the fourth reel×1 symbol on the fifth reel). In another example, a player's wager of nine credits may activate each of the three symbol positions on a first reel, each of the three symbol positions on a second reel and each of the three symbol positions on a third reel wherein one default symbol position is activated on each of the remaining two reels. In this example, as described above, the gaming device provides the player twenty-seven ways to win (i.e., 3 symbols on the first reel×3 symbols on the second reel×3 symbols on the third reel×1 symbol on the fourth reel×1 symbol on the fifth reel).
In one embodiment, to determine any award(s) to provide to the player based on the generated symbols, the gaming device individually determines if a symbol generated in an active symbol position on a first reel forms part of a winning symbol combination with or is otherwise suitably related to a symbol generated in an active symbol position on a second reel. In this embodiment, the gaming device classifies each pair of symbols which form part of a winning symbol combination (i.e., each pair of related symbols) as a string of related symbols. For example, if active symbol positions include a first cherry symbol generated in the top row of a first reel and a second cherry symbol generated in the bottom row of a second reel, the gaming device classifies the two cherry symbols as a string of related symbols because the two cherry symbols form part of a winning symbol combination.
After determining if any strings of related symbols are formed between the symbols on the first reel and the symbols on the second reel, the gaming device determines if any of the symbols from the next adjacent reel should be added to any of the formed strings of related symbols. In this embodiment, for a first of the classified strings of related symbols, the gaming device determines if any of the symbols generated by the next adjacent reel form part of a winning symbol combination or are otherwise related to the symbols of the first string of related symbols. If the gaming device determines that a symbol generated on the next adjacent reel is related to the symbols of the first string of related symbols, that symbol is subsequently added to the first string of related symbols. For example, if the first string of related symbols is the string of related cherry symbols and a related cherry symbol is generated in the middle row of the third reel, the gaming device adds the related cherry symbol generated on the third reel to the previously classified string of cherry symbols.
On the other hand, if the gaming device determines that no symbols generated on the next adjacent reel are related to the symbols of the first string of related symbols, the gaming device marks or flags such string of related symbols as complete. For example, if the first string of related symbols is the string of related cherry symbols and none of the symbols of the third reel are related to the cherry symbols of the previously classified string of cherry symbols, the gaming device marks or flags the string of cherry symbols as complete.
After either adding a related symbol to the first string of related symbols or marking the first string of related symbols as complete, the gaming device proceeds as described above for each of the remaining classified strings of related symbols which were previously classified or formed from related symbols on the first and second reels.
After analyzing each of the remaining strings of related symbols, the gaming device determines, for each remaining pending or incomplete string of related symbols, if any of the symbols from the next adjacent reel, if any, should be added to any of the previously classified strings of related symbols. This process continues until either each string of related symbols is complete or there are no more adjacent reels of symbols to analyze. In this embodiment, where there are no more adjacent reels of symbols to analyze, the gaming device marks each of the remaining pending strings of related symbols as complete.
When each of the strings of related symbols is marked complete, the gaming device compares each of the strings of related symbols to an appropriate paytable and provides the player any award associated with each of the completed strings of symbols. It should be appreciated that the player is provided one award, if any, for each string of related symbols generated in active symbol positions (i.e., as opposed to being based on how many paylines that would have passed through each of the strings of related symbols in active symbol positions).
In one embodiment, a base or primary game may be a poker game wherein the gaming machine enables the player to play a conventional game of video poker and initially deals five cards all face up from a virtual deck of fifty-two card deck. Cards may be dealt as in a traditional game of cards or in the case of the gaming machine, may also include that the cards are randomly selected from a predetermined number of cards. If the player wishes to draw, the player selects the cards to hold via one or more input device, such as pressing related hold buttons or via the touch screen. The player then presses the deal button and the unwanted or discarded cards are removed from the display and replacement cards are dealt from the remaining cards in the deck. This results in a final five-card hand. The final five-card hand is compared to a payout table which utilizes conventional poker hand rankings to determine the winning hands. The player is provided with an award based on a winning hand and the credits the player wagered.
In another embodiment, the base or primary game may be a multi-hand version of video poker. In this embodiment, the player is dealt at least two hands of cards. In one such embodiment, the cards are the same cards. In one embodiment each hand of cards is associated with its own deck of cards. The player chooses the cards to hold in a primary hand. The held cards in the primary hand are also held in the other hands of cards. The remaining non-held cards are removed from each hand displayed and for each hand replacement cards are randomly dealt into that hand. Since the replacement cards are randomly dealt independently for each hand, the replacement cards for each hand will usually be different. The poker hand rankings are then determined hand by hand and awards are provided to the player.
In one embodiment, a base or primary game may be a keno game wherein the gaming device displays a plurality of selectable indicia or numbers on at least one of the display devices. In this embodiment, the player selects at least one and preferable a plurality of the selectable indicia or numbers via an input device or via the touch screen. The gaming device then displays a series of drawn numbers to determine an amount of matches, if any, between the player's selected numbers and the gaming device's drawn numbers. The player is provided an award based on the amount of matches, if any, based on the amount of determined matches.
It should be appreciated that the gaming system disclosed herein can incorporate any suitable wagering primary or base game. The gaming machine or device may include some or all of the features of conventional gaming machines or devices. The primary or base game may comprise any suitable reel-type game, card game, cascading or falling symbol game, number game or other game of chance susceptible to representation in an electronic or electromechanical form, which in one embodiment produces a random outcome based on probability data at the time of or after placement of a wager. That is, different primary wagering games, such as video poker games, video blackjack games, video keno, video bingo or any other suitable primary or base game may be implemented.
In one embodiment, in addition to winning credits or other awards in a base or primary game, the gaming device may also give players the opportunity to win credits in a bonus or secondary game or bonus or secondary round. The bonus or secondary game enables the player to obtain a prize or payout in addition to the prize or payout, if any, obtained from the base or primary game. In general, a bonus or secondary game produces a significantly higher level of player excitement than the base or primary game because it provides a greater expectation of winning than the base or primary game and is accompanied with more attractive or unusual features than the base or primary game. In one embodiment, the bonus or the secondary game may be any type of suitable game, either similar to or completely different from the base or primary game. In one embodiment, the gaming machine includes a program which will automatically begin a bonus round when the player has achieved a triggering event or qualifying condition in the base or primary game. In one embodiment, the triggering event or qualifying condition may be a selected outcome in the primary game or a particular arrangement of one or more indicia on a display device in the primary game, such as the number seven appearing on three adjacent reels along a payline in the primary slot game embodiment seen in
In one embodiment, once a player has qualified for a secondary game, the player may subsequently enhance his/her bonus game participation through continued play on the base or primary game. Thus, for each bonus qualifying event, such as a bonus symbol, that the player obtains, a given number of bonus game wagering points or credits may be accumulated in a “bonus meter” programmed to accrue the bonus wagering credits or entries toward eventual participation in a bonus game. The occurrence of multiple such bonus qualifying events in the primary game may result in an arithmetic or geometric increase in the number of bonus wagering credits awarded. In one embodiment, extra bonus wagering credits may be redeemed during the bonus game to extend play of the bonus game.
In one embodiment, no separate entry fee or buy in for a bonus game need be employed. That is, a player may not purchase an entry into a bonus game; he must win or earn entry through play of the primary game and, thus, play of the primary game is encouraged. In another embodiment, qualification of the bonus or secondary game could be accomplished through a simple “buy in” by the player if, for example, the player has been unsuccessful at qualifying through other specified activities.
In one embodiment, the gaming system disclosed herein is associated with or otherwise integrated with one or more player tracking systems. In this embodiment, the gaming device and/or player tracking system tracks any players gaming activity at the gaming device. In one such embodiment, the gaming device and/or associated player tracking system timely tracks when a player inserts their playing tracking card to begin a gaming session and also timely tracks when a player removes their player tracking card when concluding play for that gaming session. In another embodiment, rather than requiring a player to insert a player tracking card, the gaming device utilizes one or more portable devices carried by a player, such as a cell phone, a radio frequency identification tag or any other suitable wireless device to track when a player begins and ends a gaming session. In another embodiment, the gaming device utilizes any suitable biometric technology or ticket technology to track when a player begins and ends a gaming session.
During one or more gaming sessions, the gaming device and/or player tracking system tracks any suitable information, such as any amounts wagered, average wager amounts and/or the time these wagers are placed. In different embodiments, for one or more players, the player tracking system includes the player's account number, the player's card number, the player's first name, the player's surname, the player's preferred name, the player's player tracking ranking, any promotion status associated with the player's player tracking card, the player's address, the player's birthday, the player's anniversary, the player's recent gaming sessions, or any other suitable data.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the present disclosure may be employed in a server based gaming system. In one such embodiment, as described above, one or more gaming devices are in communication with a central server or controller. The central server or controller may be any suitable server or computing device which includes at least one processor and a memory or storage device. In alternative embodiments, the central server is a progressive controller or another gaming machine in the gaming system. In one embodiment, the memory device of the central server stores different game programs and instructions, executable by a gaming device processor, to control the gaming device. Each executable game program represents a different game or type of game which may be played on one or more of the gaming devices in the gaming system. Such different games may include the same or substantially the same game play with different pay tables. In different embodiments, the executable game program is for a primary game, a secondary game or both. In another embodiment, the game program may be executable as a secondary game to be played simultaneous with the play of a primary game (which may be downloaded to or fixed on the gaming device) or vice versa.
In this embodiment, each gaming device at least includes one or more display devices and/or one or more input devices for interaction with a player. A local processor, such as the above-described gaming device processor or a processor of a local server, is operable with the display device(s) and/or the input device(s) of one or more of the gaming devices.
In operation, the central controller is operable to communicate one or more of the stored game programs to at least one local processor. In different embodiments, the stored game programs are communicated or delivered by embedding the communicated game program in a device or a component (e.g., a microchip to be inserted in a gaming device), writing the game program on a disc or other media, downloading or streaming the game program over a dedicated data network, internet or a telephone line. After the stored game programs are communicated from the central server, the local processor executes the communicated program to facilitate play of the communicated program by a player through the display device(s) and/or input device(s) of the gaming device. That is, when a game program is communicated to a local processor, the local processor changes the game or type of game played at the gaming device.
In another embodiment, as mentioned above, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices in a gaming system participate in a group gaming environment. In one embodiment, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices work in conjunction with one another, such as playing together as a team or group, to win one or more awards. In one such embodiment, any award won by the group is shared, either equally or based on any suitable criteria, amongst the different players of the group. In another embodiment, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices compete against one another for one or more awards. In one such embodiment, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices participate in a gaming tournament for one or more awards. In another embodiment, a plurality of players at a plurality of linked gaming devices play for one or more awards wherein an outcome generated by one gaming device affects the outcomes generated by one or more linked gaming devices.
It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/548,579, filed on Oct. 11, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part application of, claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/204,101, filed on Aug. 15, 2005, which is a non-provisional application of, claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/603,144, filed on Aug. 19, 2004, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60603144 | Aug 2004 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11548579 | Oct 2006 | US |
| Child | 11830422 | Jul 2007 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11204101 | Aug 2005 | US |
| Child | 11548579 | Oct 2006 | US |
