The present invention relates to fastening of a garment neckline. More specifically, the present invention relates to a garment such that, selectively, a frontal closure may be closed to the neckline, or flaps flanking the closure may be folded down and secured.
A snap fastener is frequently used to attach a layer of material to another layer. Snaps come in various styles and materials, metal and plastic snaps being quite common. A conventional snap includes a closure unit and an attaching unit. Usually both these units are circular, and once installed have a common centerline. The closure unit is basically a disk, with a closure structure—either a socket or a stud—on one side, and an attaching means on the other side. The attaching unit is essentially a disk or a ring, which has prongs or a post on one side to penetrate the material layer and to attach to the attaching means of the closure unit. When the snap is installed, a layer of material is sandwiched and affixed between the closure unit and the attaching unit. In the case of prongs, the attaching means on the closure unit is an engagement ring. When the two halves of the snap are hammered or otherwise pressed together, the prongs from the attaching unit bend underneath the ring of the closure unit. A stud snap through the first layer of material can be coupled with a socket snap in the second layer, thereby joining the two layers of material together at a point. Typically, pairs of compatible snaps of the same size are designed so that they can be coupled together or separated manually, without any special tools. It should be noted that the “layer of material” between the two halves of a snap might actually be two or more layers in some applications.
Throughout this specification, we will refer to directions from the perspective of a person standing on level ground, and wearing a garment on at least their upper torso, which we will define to be the human body excluding the head and limbs, above the waist. The vertical direction is perpendicular to the ground; horizontal, parallel to the ground. The terms “left”, “right”, “front”, “back”, “inward”, “outward”, “inner”, and outward are also defined from the wearer's perspective.
A garment having two fold-down flaps below the neckline of the wearer is described. The garment can be selectively placed in either a closed configuration or an open configuration. In the closed configuration, a frontal closure can be closed, thereby securing the flaps to the neckline and frontal closure. With the closure at least partially open directly below the neckline, each flap can be folded down and coupled to a respective distal fastener, thereby securing the garment in the open configuration.
Closure fasteners on either side allow the closure to be selectively closed to the neck, or open at the neck to a point below. A zipper might be zipped to the neck, or open to some point below the neck, for example, down to the waist or even below. Proximate to the neckline and to the closure, on each side of the closure is a respective proximal flap fastener. A respective mating flap fastener, on each side of the closure, is integrated into the material of the garment distal from and below the neckline and distal also from the closure. When the closure is open near the neckline to some lower point, a left flap can be formed on the left side by folding the material, so that the left proximal flap fastener couples with the left distal flap fastener. A right flap can be formed similarly. In some embodiments, a single flap might be held open with more than one pair of matching fasteners. In general, the detailed structure of fasteners and flaps on either side of the closure need not be entirely symmetrical. For example, one flap might be secured with different types, or a different number of fasteners, from the other, or have a different shape, or be made from a different material or materials.
The folding occurs along a fold line, or crease. The resulting flap shape may be essentially triangular, although the edge of the flap that is distal from the neckline once the proximal and distal flap fasteners are coupled, may have many other shapes; for example, it may be rounded, have a trapezoidal shape, a scalloped shape, or other shape formed from curved or straight line segments, or by attaching additional fabric or decorative pieces.
In some embodiments, both frontal closure and a flap may be secured by snaps. In some embodiments, a single fastening device has dual functionality, serving as both a closure fastener and a proximal flap fastener. Such a single fastener may be a snap. Such a snap may be a commercially available one-sided snap, such as the snaps described in the Background section of this Disclosure.
Alternatively, a snap having such dual functionality might be a bidirectional snap that has coupling structures facing outward in both directions from the material which is sandwiched within the snap. For example, a male-female (M-F) snap might have a stud structure facing outward, and a socket structure facing inward. Bidirectional M-M and F-F are also possible. Various structural configurations to achieve such bidirectional snaps are described in the Detailed Description section of this Disclosure. Some of these bidirectional snaps are formed from two snap elements, and others from three.
In other cases, a top snap of the frontal closure and the proximal flap fastener snap, on the same side of the closure, may be separate. In this case, the top snap will preferably have a centerline close to the centerline of the flap's proximal flap fastener snap. The distance between the centerlines when the garment is worn normally will be less than 10 mm, but smaller distances are generally preferable.
Fasteners other than snaps may be used for the frontal closure, the flap fasteners, or both. For example, buttons, zippers, or VELCRO® might be employed.
Preferably but not necessarily, the garment will be collarless. A collarless garment is one whose material terminates at the neckline of the wearer. The wearer's neckline encircles the neck, approximately at the level where the shoulders of the wearer meet the neck. A collarless garment will itself have a neckline, roughly coinciding with the neckline of the wearer. A collarless garment may have edging bordering its neckline, for example, gathered, ribbed, or frilled fabric.
The garment may be a baby garment, such as pajamas or an infant bodysuit. The invention has applicability to other garments as well, however, such as athletic garments, and garments used in health care and elderly care contexts.
Preferably, the edge of the neckline of the garment will be lined on the surface that will contact the wearer's skin. Such lining will preferably be of a material that may be softer than the main material from which the garment is fabricated. Other embodiments may not have such lining.
Preferably, the area under and near at least one of the flap fasteners will be reinforced to prevent tearing. The reinforcement may be a layer of material that is thicker, stiffer, or otherwise more tear-resistant than the other material near the fastener. Alternatively, the reinforcement may be done by replacing a portion of main garment material near the fastener with more tear resistant material, possibly by sewing in a patch or panel of material. Or the material near the patch might be impregnated with a stiffening substance, possibly a fluid (e.g., a glue or gel), such as a substance from which volatile liquids evaporate to leave a tear resistant fabric. Other embodiments may not have reinforcement.
a is a front view of the neck area of a collarless garment that includes an embodiment of fold-away securable flaps, secured in the closed position, where the closure is fastened by snaps and the flaps are securable by snaps.
b is a front view of the neck area of a collarless garment that includes an embodiment of fold-away securable flaps, secured in the closed position, where the closure is fastened by a zipper and the flaps are securable by VELCRO® fasteners.
a is a side-view schematic diagram of a bidirectional snap having two sections, which has a stud structure facing upward and a socket structure facing downward, the stud section having prongs for attachment.
b is a side-view schematic diagram of a bidirectional snap having three sections, which has a stud structure facing upward and a socket structure facing downward, and an attachment section having prongs facing upward and downward.
c is a side-view schematic diagram of a bidirectional snap having three sections, which has a stud structure facing upward and a socket structure facing downward, and an attachment section having engagement rings facing upward and downward.
d is a side-view schematic diagram of a bidirectional snap having three sections, which has a stud structure facing upward and a socket structure facing downward, and an attachment section having prongs facing upward and an engagement ring facing downward.
e is a side-view schematic diagram of a bidirectional snap having three sections, which has a stud structure facing downward and a socket structure facing upward, and an attachment section having prongs facing downward and an engagement ring upward.
f is a side-view schematic diagram of a bidirectional snap having two sections, which has a stud structure facing upward and a socket structure facing downward, the socket section having prongs for attachment.
g is a side-view schematic diagram of a bidirectional snap having two sections, which has a socket structure facing upward and a socket structure facing downward, one socket section having prongs for attachment.
h is a side-view schematic diagram of a bidirectional snap having two sections, which has a stud structure facing upward and a stud structure facing downward, one stud section having prongs for attachment.
The invention is an improvement to garments 100 that wholly or partially enclose a person's upper torso. The invention is applicable to certain baby garments, and throughout this specification we will use baby garments as exemplary.
When a baby is in a car seat or a baby carrier, neckline material may tend to bunch up and cover the chin, mouth, or nose. Opening and securing the flaps will keep material away from the face, ensuring airways are open, preventing rashes, and keeping the material clean and dry. On the other hand, the frontal closure 160 can be selectively be closed to the neck instead, for example, for warmth. Similar considerations apply in some health care and elderly care contexts. An athlete might want to open a t-shirt at the neck, for cooling, but secure the resulting flaps to keep them from being distracting, or inadvertently closing up again.
The garment 100 may include one or more materials, natural or synthetic. It may be formed from a single piece of fabric, or by joining two or more fabric pieces, for example by seams, zippers, snaps, buttons, or VELCRO® closures. The garment might be short sleeve, or long sleeve, or have some other form of sleeve, such as a tank top. It might or might not: (1) extend below the waist; (2) cover all or part of the legs; or (3) cover all or part of the feet. For example, the long sleeve pajamas 105 of
According to the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed., the principal definition of the word “collar” is “The part of a garment that encircles the neck.” According to this definition, any garment that covers the upper torso, even, for example, a hooded sweatshirt, has a collar. In contrast to this definition and in keeping with common usage, we will define a collarless garment 101 as a garment that covers the upper torso but whose fabric ends at or near the wearer's neckline 110. Characteristically, the fabric of a collarless garment 101 ends at essentially shoulder height. Under our definition, a collar is a fabric structure that extends at least 15 mm above the neckline (when fully extended), but which does not cover the top of the head. Accordingly, an Oxford shirt has a collar, but a hooded sweatshirt does not; and neither the Oxford shirt nor the hooded sweatshirt is a collarless garment 101. A garment may have a different fabric or stitching bordering the neckline 110, and still be a collarless garment 101; such edging 120 material might, for example, be pleated, ribbed, gathered just below the neckline 110, as best exemplified by
Improvements of the invention are preferably used in a collarless garment 101, but can also be used with other garments 100. For example, an Oxford shirt might be modified to incorporate the inventive concept.
The pajamas 105 of
A pair of infant pajamas 105, an infant bodysuit 201, or another garment 100 may enclose a baby's upper torso. The garment 100 may be constructed so that it can open in the front along a longitudinal closure 160 from the neck downwards, possibly to the waist or below. When the garment 100 is worn with the closure 160 fastened, the closure 160 may follow a essentially smooth curve that, when viewed by an external observer from the front, may be essentially vertical (at least near the neck) and may lie essentially in the plane of lateral symmetry 170, which bisects the nose and the back of the wearer's body.
The closure 160 is formed where garment 100 material that wraps around the body from the left side meets garment 100 material that wraps around the body from the right side. We will refer to the material on the front of the wearer to the left of the closure 160 as left side material 161, and to the right, as right side material 162. Note that, when the garment 100 is worn, some left side material 161 may actually be located slightly to the right of the wearer's plane of lateral symmetry 170, for example, by overlap of the two sides to facilitate fastening; or conversely. Such overlap is best illustrated by
If fastening the garment 100 along the closure 160 is done with pairs of snaps 300, then one or more of the snap 300 pairs may be open or unsnapped, or all of them may be closed or snapped together. In particular, the closure fasteners 150 allow the closure 160 to be open from the neckline 110 to a point below the neckline.
If the all closure fasteners 150 are coupled, then the closure 160 may be approximately perpendicular to the neckline 110, as illustrated by
Two flaps 270 proximate to the neckline 110 can be formed by folding material of the garment 100, a left flap 271 from left side material 161, and a right flap 272 from right side material 162. Each flap 270 is a piece of material, that may be approximately triangular in shape, as best illustrated by
The flaps 270 can be folded downward, away from both the closure 160 and the neckline 110, as best illustrated by comparing
As illustrated by
The flaps in
The garment 100 can also be selectively placed into a closed configuration 199, such that the closure 160 is fastened in its normal vertical orientation to the neckline 110, as illustrated by
As mentioned previously, the closure 160 between the left side material 161 and the right side material 162 might be secured by pairs of snaps 300. In this case, the left side material 161 and left side material 161 may overlap in the area of the closure. This is illustrated by
Consider the case where snaps 300 are used to secure both the closure 160 and the flaps 270, where the left side material 161 overlaps the right side material 162 at the closure 160, as shown in
Symmetry in the appearance of the garment 100 suggests that left flap 271 may be secured in the open configuration 299 to a socket snap 320, such as left distal snap 321, integrated into the left side material 161, as illustrated by
In the preferred embodiment, this is handled by a second stud snap 310, namely left proximal snap 333, facing opposite to socket snap 433. The material at the distal vertex 370 on the left side may have two layers, for example, the main fabric of the garment 100 on the outside, and a liner 712, such as shown in
These two aligned but separate snaps 300 might have a tendency to slip relative to each other, particularly when the left flap 271 is being snapped in place. Also, two separate snaps 300 might require more reinforcing material or layers than a single once. For these reasons, the two separate aligned snaps 333 and 433 might be replaced by a single bidirectional snap 600, such as shown in
Possible configurations of a bidirectional snap 600 are depicted in
Other configurations of bidirectional snaps 600 are of course possible, and within the scope of the invention. For example,
a-8h is a schematic diagram, not drawn to scale, depicting various configurations of bidirectional snaps 600. Each figure is a cross-section, showing component pieces of each type of bidirectional snap 600 and the material being sandwiched by the bidirectional snap 600. For the sake of illustration, the bidirectional snaps 600 and material are shown detached, although in operation the bidirectional snap 600 components would be hammered or otherwise pressed together so that the material is fastened in between. In each of these figures, two layers of material 804 and 805 are shown, although in each case, either or both of these two layers might actually represent a plurality of layers of material. Also, the bidirectional snaps 600 shown in
Generally, to avoid excessive repetition, similar features in
The reader will note that only components Fr 810 and Mr 820 are standard unidirectional snap halves. Furthermore, the components shown can be combined in other ways to produce M-M, F-F, or M-F bidirectional snaps 600 within the scope of the invention. And any one of these bidirectional snap 600 configurations might be incorporated to serve doubly as a closure fastener 150 and a flap fastener 190 in a garment 100, for example, to replace the bidirectional closure/flap snap 555 of
If a snap 300 is particularly tight and difficult to open, fabric close to the snap 300 may have a tendency to tear with use. Thus, in some embodiments, a region that includes a snap 300 may be reinforced with an additional layer of material, which might be stiffer or more resistant to tearing than the main fabric. In
In general, any combination of snap 300 types that would allow the closure 160 to close and open, and the flaps 270 to close and open, is within the scope of the invention. The net result will be a closure 160 that terminates, at the top, at or near the neckline 110 of the garment 100. In the closed configuration 199, an edge of the flap 270 is secured at or proximate to (preferably within 10 mm of) the neckline 110 of the wearer. In the open configuration 299, each flap 270 is folded down and is secured to a fastener 130 distal from the neckline 110 and from the closure 160.
In the embodiment illustrated by
Of course, many variations of the above method are possible within the scope of the invention. The present invention is, therefore, not limited to all the above details, as modifications and variations may be made without departing from the intent or scope of the invention. Consequently, the invention should be limited only by the following claims and equivalent constructions.