The present invention relates to a gas circuit breaker, more specifically relates to a motor-drive gas circuit breaker that is driven by a motor and interrupts high voltage.
A circuit breaker has a role of preventing spread of an accident of a power system through quickly interrupting a fault current; hence, there is a demand for development of a circuit breaker having higher reliability. It has been known that an operating mechanism for operating a gas circuit breaker includes a spring operating mechanism that ensures operating force through releasing spring force accumulated in an operating spring, and a pneumatic operating mechanism or a hydraulic operating mechanism that uses pneumatic pressure or hydraulic pressure to ensure operating force. To describe each operating mechanism, the spring operating mechanism has small operating force and excellent maintainability and economical efficiency, the pneumatic operating mechanism is easily handled and provides high operating force, and the hydraulic operating mechanism provides high operating force at low noise.
In the operating type with the spring operating mechanism, however, elastic force of a spring is not necessarily constant, positioning accuracy of the spring is low, and the mechanism is complicated and formed of many components; hence, there is a room for improvement in reliability on operation. In the operating type using hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure, a working fluid may leak depending on variation in ambient temperature. Furthermore, in one aspect, if only one component has a trouble or failure, the entire mechanism may not function, i.e., the operating type is difficult to be handled.
Techniques solving the above-described problems include, for example, a technique described in Patent document 1 as a technique that generates operating force from electric force. The patent document 1 describes a circuit breaker configuration including an actuator structure having a linearly movable coil to which a current is supplied, in which an insulating rod connected to a coil is linearly moved using repulsive force against magnetic force generated by a fixed cylindrical permanent magnet.
On the other hand, patent document 2 and patent document 3 each describe a technique different from the circuit breaker. Such patent documents each describe an aspect where a mechanism includes magnetic pole teeth disposed so as to sandwich and hold permanent magnets disposed in a movable element, cores connecting in series the magnetic pole teeth sandwiching and holding the magnetic poles, armature windings each being collectively wound on a plurality of the cores, and a mover including magnets of which the magnetic poles are arranged in alternate top and bottom, and a plurality of armature iron cores each including the magnetic pole teeth disposed so as to hold the permanent magnets and the cores connecting in series the magnetic pole teeth holding the magnets, are disposed along a longitudinal direction of the mover.
Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication (Translation of PCT Application) No. 2007-523475.
Patent document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-141978.
Patent document 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-239724.
An actuator for the circuit breaker is required to have high acceleration performance, and is necessary to be decreased in mass of a mover. However, the actuator described in the patent document 1 includes a movable winding, and the winding is necessary to have a large diameter to receive a large current. This leads to increase in mass of the winding, and in turn leads to degradation in acceleration performance. In addition, since the winding itself is movable, a current is necessary to be supplied to the winding as a movable body, and therefore wiring design or durability is necessary to be improved. From such various viewpoints, there is a room for improvement in reliability.
The technology described in each of the patent document 2 and patent document 3 is basically not intended to be applied to the circuit breaker.
An object of the invention is therefore to provide a gas circuit breaker having improved reliability.
To solve the above-described problem, a gas circuit breaker according to the present invention is characterized by having a fixed contact, a movable contact configured to come into contact with or separate from the fixed contact, an insulating enclosure internally having the fixed contact and the movable contact, the inside of the insulating enclosure being filled with an insulating gas, and an operating mechanism configured to allow drive force for movement of the movable contact to be generated, wherein the operating mechanism includes a mover including permanent magnets or magnetic bodies disposed in a direction along which the operating mechanism allows the drive force to be generated, and a magnetic pole being disposed to be opposed to the mover and having a winding.
According to the invention, a gas circuit breaker having improved reliability can be provided.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with drawings. The following description merely shows example embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the specific modes described below. It will be appreciated that the invention itself can be modified or altered into various modes within the scope satisfying the claims.
An embodiment 1 is described with
The interrupter includes a sealed metal enclosure 1 of which the inside is filled with SF6 gas, and includes, within the sealed metal enclosure 1, a fixed side electrode (fixed side contact) 3 fixed to an insulating post spacer 2 provided at an end of the sealed metal enclosure 1, a movable side electrode 4 and a movable electrode (movable side contact) 6, a nozzle 5 provided between the two electrodes on the head of the movable electrode 6, a cylindrical insulating post spacer 7 connected to an operating unit side and to the movable side electrode 4, and a high-voltage conductor 8 connected to the movable side electrode 4 so as to be formed as a main circuit conductor configuring part of a main circuit. In the interrupter, the movable electrode 6 is moved through operating force from the operating unit so that electrical switching is performed, thereby current application or current interruption is enabled. A current transformer 51, which functions as a current detector for detecting a current flowing through the high-voltage conductor 8, is provided around the high-voltage conductor 8. An insulating rod 81 connected to an operating unit side is disposed within the cylindrical insulating post spacer 7.
The operating unit has an operating mechanism casing 61 provided adjacent to the sealed metal enclosure 1, and includes an actuator (operating mechanism) 100 in the operating mechanism casing 61, and a linearly movable mover 23 disposed within the actuator 100. The mover 23 is connected to the insulating rod 81 via a linear sealing section 62 provided in such a manner that the mover 23 can move while the sealed metal enclosure 1 is maintained airtight. The insulating rod 81 is connected to the movable electrode 6. In other words, the movable electrode 6 of the interrupter is allowed to be moved through movement of the mover 23.
The actuator 100 is electrically connected to a power supply unit 71 via a hermetic terminal 90 provided on a surface of the sealed metal enclosure 1 while the insulating gas is enclosed. The power supply unit 71 is further connected to a control unit 72 such that it can receive an instruction from the control unit 72. The control unit 72 is designed to receive a current value detected by the current transformer 51. The power supply unit 71 and the control unit 72 each function as a control mechanism configured to vary an amount or a phase of a current to be supplied to a winding 41 of the actuator 100 described below in accordance with the current value detected by the current transformer 51.
The structure of the actuator is described using
In general, attractive force (force in the Y axis direction) is generated between the permanent magnet 21 and each of the first magnetic pole 11 and the second magnetic pole 12. In the configuration of Embodiment 1, however, the attractive force generated between the permanent magnet 21 and the first magnetic pole 11 is in a direction opposite to a direction of the attractive force generated between the permanent magnet 21 and the second magnetic pole 12; hence, such attractive forces compensate each other, and are thus reduced. It is therefore possible to simplify a mechanism for holding the mover 23, and decrease mass of the movable body including the mover 23. Since mass of the movable body can be decreased, high acceleration drive and high response drive can be achieved. Since the stator 14 and the permanent magnet 21 are moved relative to each other in a Z axis direction (horizontal direction in
When the actuator is driven, a magnetic field is generated through application of a current to the winding 41, thereby a thrust corresponding to a relative position between the stator 14 and the permanent magnet 21 can be generated. Furthermore, a magnitude and a direction of the thrust can be adjusted by controlling the positional relationship between the stator 14 and the permanent magnet 21, and controlling a phase or a magnitude of a current to be injected. Movement of the mover 23 is controlled in such a manner that when the control unit 72 receives an opening signal or a closing signal, the control unit 72 allows the power supply unit 71 to apply a current to the actuator 100 in response to such a signal, so that an electric signal is converted into force for movement of the mover 23 in the actuator 100.
In Embodiment 1, the magnetic body 13 connecting the first magnetic pole 11 to the second magnetic pole 12 is divided in the Y axis direction. This improves workability of the winding 41. Furthermore, the first magnetic pole 11 and the second magnetic pole 12 can be adjusted to be displaced from each other in the Z axis direction. When the first magnetic pole 11 and the second magnetic pole 12 are disposed to be displaced from each other, thrust can be increased by varying a magnetization direction of the permanent magnet. In addition, the mover can be basically driven in the Z axis direction without using the upper magnetic pole. Such a modification may be specifically considered. Note that the actuator is configured such that the mover is sandwiched by the first and second magnetic poles as in Embodiment 1, whereby small attractive force is generated between the permanent magnet and the magnetic pole. As a result, even if the mover is linearly moved, extremely small blur occurs in a movement direction (the Z axis direction) and in a vertical direction (the axis direction and the Y axis direction). Specifically, in the case of using the actuator for a circuit breaker, even if the mover for transmitting operating force passes through the linear sealing section 62, since deformation of the linear sealing section 62 is slight, a small mechanical load is exerted on the sealing section.
This leads to not only prevention of a trouble in sliding motion of the linear sealing section 62 accompanying the movement but also prevention of tilt of a contact of the movable electrode 6. Hence, there is provided a structure having a low possibility of scoring of a contact sliding part or contamination of a small metal foreigner from each electrode. The scoring may lead to a trouble in current interruption or current application, and the metal foreigner may lead to an insulation fault due to degradation in insulating performance. Furthermore, it is possible to decrease the amount of SF6 gas that leaks to outside from the inside of the gas circuit breaker along with deformation of the seal. In this way, reliability of the circuit breaker can be improved from various viewpoints.
The gas circuit breaker according to Embodiment 1 configured as described above is transferred from the closed position of
According to Embodiment 1, the circuit breaker is equipped with the actuator including the mover having the permanent magnets arranged in a direction along which the actuator is allowed to generate the drive force, and the magnetic poles that each are disposed to be opposed to the mover and have the winding. Hence, the mover can be decreased in weight compared with the case where the wiring is moved. In addition, the mover may not be wired unlike the case where the wiring is moved. Consequently, reliability can be improved.
Although Embodiment 1 has been described with the case of using the permanent magnet, the actuator can be configured using a magnetic body disposed in the mover instead of the permanent magnet. The magnetic body refers to a material that receives attractive force from a magnet, and typically includes iron, a silicon steel sheet, and the like.
Although gas spaces are separately provided for the interrupter and the operating unit, and the operating unit is driven via the linear sealing section 62 in Embodiment 1, a common gas space may be provided for the interrupter and the operating unit so that the operating unit is filled with the same high-pressure SF6 gas as that for the interrupter. As illustrated in
Although Embodiment 1 shows the exemplary case where the actuator 100 is configured of the two stators 14, it is obvious that the number of stators is not limited thereto. An actuator including only one stator may also be driven as the operating mechanism of the circuit breaker. On the other hand, increasing the number of stators makes it possible to provide a larger thrust in proportion to the number.
Example 2 is described with
The actuator 100 is connected to the interrupter operating rod 62 (linear seal section) via the insulating rod 81 so that thrust is transmitted to the interrupter. The actuator 100 is a linear actuator described in Embodiment 1, and repeated description is omitted. The linear actuator can be disposed within the porcelain insulator 10 thanks to its small peripheral configuration. Consequently, the gas circuit breaker can be made small, leading to a small footprint compared with a previous spring operating mechanism.
A gas space 39 in the porcelain insulator 9 of the interrupter and a gas space 40 in the porcelain insulator 10 of the operating unit can be configured as gas spaces isolated from each other by the interrupter operating rod 62 (linear seal section) as a linear seal. During current interruption, a powdered SF6-gas decomposition product is formed by arc generated in the upper interrupter. Although such a decomposition product is deposited on an inner bottom of the porcelain insulator 9, the gas space 40 accommodating the operating unit and the interrupter gas space 39 are formed as separate gas blocks, which prevents the decomposition product from entering the operating unit gas space 40. Consequently, there is no possibility of further increase in sliding resistance.
The gas spaces may not be completely isolated from each other, and may communicate with each other through a decomposition gas filter. Such communicating of the gas space 39 with the gas spacer 40 enables efficient filling and recovery of the insulating gas.
An Embodiment 3 is described with
An exemplary configuration of each of the power supply unit 71, the control unit 72, and the electric storage unit 73 is described with
The protection control device 53 in the control unit 72 receives current data and voltage data from the current transformer 51 and the voltage transformer 52. When a system trouble occurs, or when a system receives a switching instruction from an operating unit, the protection control device 53 sends an instruction of current interruption or current application to the actuator control device 54. The actuator control device 54 controls the inverter 55 to allow the actuator 100 to generate thrust. An undepicted position sensor is attached to the actuator 100, and sends positional information to the actuator control device 54 to control operation of the actuator. The position sensor may be replaced with an acceleration sensor, a flux density sensor, or the like to control performance characteristics based on each measurement data.
An electric capacitor having a large capacity is used as the capacitor. In Embodiment 3, the capacitor is divided into a plurality of units 58a, 58b, and 58c, and a charge changeover switch 57 and a power changeover switch 56 are used to individually charge a capacitor unit to be a power supply, and select a capacitor unit to be used for operation. In current interruption, the circuit breaker is necessary to be driven at high speed, and to generate a large thrust to resist puffer reaction force. In current application, time two to four times longer than time for current interruption may be taken, and relatively small thrust may be generated. Hence, different momentary power is required for drive between current interruption and current application. Separately using capacitors between current interruption and current application makes it possible to lower a charging voltage of the capacitor for current application, and use an inexpensive capacitor having a low withstand voltage. There is specification for the circuit breaker, in which a series of operation of current interruption, current application, and current interruption is performed without charging. In some case, a specification of a series of current application and current interruption is further added. Even if such a specification is required, a system is easily extended in correspondence to operating duty by dividing the capacitor as in Embodiment 3. In actual use, continuous operation is not necessarily performed at any time, and it is enough to charge only a capacitor used for operation, allowing charging time to be shortened.
An Embodiment 4 is described with
Description is omitted on portions that each duplicate the content described before. As illustrated in
In
In this way, the actuators are disposed side by side in the Y axis direction, and the magnetic body 13, which is provided in a middle area in the Y axis direction and connects the first magnetic pole 11, the second magnetic pole 12, and the third winding to one another, is shared, whereby a small actuator can be produced. Although Embodiment 3 of the invention has been described with an exemplary configuration where the two actuators are arranged in the Y axis direction, the number and the direction of the actuators are not limited thereto.
When the mover moves, reaction force in proportion to thrust is applied to each of portions of the actuator. As a result, deformation of each portion or shift in electrical phase between the mover and the stator occurs due to the reaction force. Fixing a plurality of stators or actuators allows influence of the reaction force to be reduced. In
Although description with
In the configuration of Embodiment 4, three-stage magnetic poles are used to sandwich the two-stage movers, and thus a high-output power structure can be provided.
An Embodiment 5 is described with
The gas circuit breaker is basically necessary to be capable of interrupting a three-phase (UVW) current to be applied to the gas circuit breaker.
Furthermore,
Moreover, varying length of each of the three insulating rods 81a, 81b, and 81c or a switching position of a switch enables switching operation at a plurality of timings (at different timings depending on the respective insulating rods) even in one-time operation.
Furthermore, the plurality of movers are connected to one another, whereby a position sensor may be satisfactorily attached to one of the connected movers; hence, the number of position sensors for actuator control can be advantageously decreased.
Although Embodiment 5 has been described with configurations any of which includes three movers for U, V, and W, there is principally no problem in varying the number of the movers depending on installation environment. In other words, the number of movers is not limited to that in Embodiment 5.
An Embodiment 6 is described with
A method of operating an interrupter contact by mechanical operation in a circuit breaker having an electromagnetic actuator is described with
Specifically, a main frame 302 is fixed to an undepicted circuit breaker (the main frame 302 is formed to extend to a circuit breaker side while only an actuator side is shown in the drawings), and the actuator 100 is fixed to the main frame 302 by bolting or the like via a frame 301 for holding the actuator 100 provided on the frame 302. The frame 302 has a convex portion 303 for positioning, so that the actuator 100 is easily positioned during fastening thereof to the frame 302. At one end (on a manual handle side described below) of the frame 302, a block 308 is connected to the frame 302 by bolting. The block 308 may be left detached in a normal operation state (i.e., in the case of motor-drive control instead of manual control) of the circuit breaker. As illustrated in
In the actuator 100, an end metal fitting 24a is provided on a side opposite to the interrupter contact side, and has a space formed such that the disk-like component 306 is rotatable. In manual operation, the disk-like component 306 is inserted in the space provided in the end metal fitting 24a, a support component 305 is provided, and the disk-like component 306 is rotatably supported between the support component 305 and the end metal fitting 24a. The support component 305 is roughly formed in a substantially semicircular shape, and is fastened to the end metal fitting 24a by an undepicted bolt.
A rod 304a of a link system 304 is connected to an end metal fitting 24b on the interrupter contact side of the actuator 100. One end on the interrupter contact side of the rod 304a is connected to a hinge 304c via the nut 304b. The hinge 304c is connected to a link 304d by pinning. The link system 304 is connected to the interrupter contact via an undepicted insulative operating rod in the interrupter. Consequently, the interrupter contact and the actuator 100 are roughly provided on a substantially straight line.
In the case where opening operation of the interrupter contact is mechanically performed, the handle 309 is rotated in an opening direction of the spindle 307 in a state illustrated in
In the case where closing operation of the interrupter contact is mechanically performed, the handle 309 is rotated in a direction opposite to that in the opening operation, whereby the spindle 307 moves forward and the disk-like component 306 comes into contact with the end metal fitting 24a, so that the mover 23 moves in the closing direction. Such movement of the mover 23 in the closing direction causes movement of the movable side electrode of the interrupter in the closing direction.
Although Embodiment 7 has been described with a case of two-stage mover configuration, one-stage or at least three-stage mover configuration is also acceptable. In the case of three or more stages, it is enough that mover connecting parts are provided and connected to the spindle as with the case of two stages. In the case of one stage, since no mover connecting part is provided, a space similar to the above-described space is provided in the mover or a component to be connected to the mover, and a mechanical switching unit such as a spindle should be engaged with the space. Although the shape of the space or the handle has been a circular shape, it will be appreciated that the shape may be another shape. The space should functionally be engaged with the mechanical switching unit such as a spindle so as to allow the switching operation. In the case where the manual handle is used for rotatable operation as in Embodiment 7, it is enough that the mechanical switching unit such as a spindle is supported in a freely rotational manner.
It will be appreciated that each of portions of the circuit breaker in Embodiment 7, the portion having a configuration common to any of other Embodiments, provides a similar effect without even defining the effect in a confirmatory manner.
1 . . . metal enclosure
2 . . . insulating post spacer
3 . . . fixed side electrode
4 . . . movable side electrode
5 . . . nozzle
6 . . . movable electrode
7 . . . insulating post spacer
8 . . . high-voltage conductor
9 . . . interrupter porcelain insulator
10 . . . interrupter support porcelain insulator
11 . . . first magnetic pole
12 . . . second magnetic pole
13 . . . magnetic body
14 . . . stator
15 . . . third magnetic pole
21 . . . permanent magnet
22 . . . magnet fixing component
23 . . . mover
24 . . . mover connecting part
30 . . . fixing plate
31 . . . spacer
36 . . . gas inlet
37 . . . cap
38 . . . decomposition gas filter
39, 40 . . . gas space
41 . . . winding
51 . . . current transformer
52 . . . voltage transformer
53 . . . protection control device
54 . . . actuator control device
55, 210 . . . inverter
56 . . . power changeover switch
57 . . . charge changeover switch
58 . . . capacitor
59 . . . charger
61 . . . operating mechanism casing
62 . . . linear sealing section
71 . . . power supply unit
72 . . . control unit
73 . . . electric storage unit
75 . . . position sensor
81 . . . insulating rod
90 . . . hermetic terminal
100 . . . actuator
200 . . . a plurality of actuators
201 . . . hermetic terminal
209 . . . power supply
301, 302 . . . frame
303 . . . convex portion
304, 402 . . . link system
304
a . . . rod
304
b . . . nut
304
c . . . hinge
304
d . . . link
305 . . . support component
306 . . . disk-like component
307 . . . spindle
308 . . . block
309 . . . manual handle
400 . . . compression spring
401 . . . interrupter
403 . . . minimal length position
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2012-086995 | Apr 2012 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/JP2013/058897 | 3/27/2013 | WO | 00 |