Patent Grant
8597940
The present invention relates to a gas decomposition apparatus utilizing a carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation mechanism and a biological deodorization mechanism based on photosynthesis bacteria and/or other bacteria and so forth, which is characterized in that combustible gases, which are created when photosynthetic bacteria and/or other bacteria and so forth are grown, propagated and advanced, are discharged in accordance with relative densities thereof, and which is provided with a sprinkler and a light source to facilitate growth, propagation and advance of photosynthetic bacteria and/or other bacteria and so forth, a carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation ability, and a stink gas decomposition ability.
A gas such as a greenhouse gas and a stink gas, which exerts bad influence on an environment, is socially coming up as a serious problem. Conventionally, a biological deodorization method is known as a method for eliminating a stink generated when processing garbage, a stink derived from a food factory and a human waste treatment center, or a stink derived from a honey truck. As main stink components, there are hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methyl mercaptan and so forth. Also, a greenhouse gas, i.e., six kinds of gas, such as carbon dioxide, methane, dinitrogen monoxide, CFC substitute and so forth, is defined as a gas to be reduced in “Law About Promotion Of Global Warming Measure” established in 1998, and an emission reduction of the greenhouse gas is globally promoted. Nevertheless, conventionally, for example, as a method of eliminating carbon dioxide (CO2) defined as the greenhouse gas, only two method are known: one method is to utilize photosynthesis of plants; and the other method is to lay a liquid containing carbon dioxide under the ground.
As a deodorization apparatus utilizing a biological gas decomposition method, an apparatus utilizing photosynthetic bacteria and/or other bacteria and so forth is a representative. The deodorization apparatus utilizing the photosynthetic bacteria has an arrangement wherein a bacteria bed material layer is formed of porous substances, bamboo charcoal substances and/or leaf mold substances and so forth, to which the photosynthetic bacteria activated by lights are adhered, and wherein either a greenhouse gas or a stink gas is made to pass through the bacteria bed material layer under a condition that the bacteria bed material layer is sufficiently illuminated with lights, to thereby eliminate either the greenhouse gas or the stink gas (see: Patent Document 1).
On the other hand, a gas decomposition apparatus utilizing bacteria has an arrangement wherein a bacteria bed material layer is formed of porous substances, bamboo charcoal substances and/or leaf mold substances and so forth, to which the bacteria are adhered, and wherein a gas containing either a greenhouse gas or a stink gas is made to pass through the bacteria bed material layer while feeding a nutrition solution to the bacteria bed material layer, to thereby eliminate the greenhouse gas or the stink gas. In every one of the aforesaid apparatuses, a hydrogen gas lighter than the air and a butane gas heavier than the air are created. Every one of the hydrogen gas and the butane gas is combustible.
Also, for example, as a biological greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus utilizing a biological gas decomposition method, there is the one disclosed in JP-2000-032004 A. This conventional technique is depicted in
Further, for example, there is the one disclosed in JP2001-062248 A. This conventional technique is depicted in
However, in every one of the aforesaid conventional gas decomposition apparatus, a single gas exhaust port is merely provided for a processed gas, and thus it is impossible to efficiently discharge a hydrogen gas lighter than the air and a butane gas heavier than the air. The present invention has been created to resolve the aforesaid conventional problem and an object of the present invention is to provide a gas decomposition apparatus which is able to simultaneously and efficiently discharge efficiently a gas lighter than the air and a gas heavier than the air which result from assimilation of a greenhouse gas and a stink gas. Also, it is not possible to reduce an emission of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) defined as the greenhouse gas, which is gradually increased every year, because there is only a carbon dioxide gas (CO2) fixation/elimination utilizing photosynthesis of plants.
In order to resolve the aforesaid problems, the comprises a tubular gas decomposition apparatus body in which a bacteria bed material layer containing bacteria selecting and decomposing a specific gas component is received, and into which a gas to be subjected to a decomposition processing, containing said specific gas component, is introduced from a gas introduction port thereof, and is characterized by the fact that an upper exhaust port is provided in an upper section of said gas decomposition apparatus body, and that a lower exhaust port is provided in an lower section of said gas decomposition apparatus body.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said specific gas component is either a greenhouse gas or a stink gas. In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said gas introduction port is provided in a middle location between said upper exhaust port and said lower exhaust port.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said bacteria bed material layer comprises an upper bacteria bed material layer provided between said gas introduction port and said upper exhaust port, and a lower bacteria bed material provided between said gas introduction port and said lower exhaust port.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said upper bacteria bed material layer or said lower bacteria bed material layer is composed of a plurality of bacteria bed material layer units which are stacked in order, and which are arranged in such a manner that a number of said units is able to be regulated.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that at least one of said gas introduction port, said upper exhaust port and said lower exhaust port is provided with a fan.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said gas decomposition apparatus body comprises a plurality of dividable segments which are connected to each other, and that said bacteria bed material layer is received as a detachable unit in an interior of said gas decomposition apparatus body.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said gas introduction port is provided with a backward-flow prevention device for preventing a backward flow of the gas to be subjected to the decomposition processing from said gas decomposition apparatus to said gas introduction port.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said backward-flow prevention device includes a tank, an upper section of which is in communication with said gas decomposition apparatus body, and a lower section of which charged with a liquid, and a porous gas ejector which is provided in the lower section of said tank, and to which the gas to be subjected to the decomposition processing is fed.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said backward-flow prevention device is a check valve which is provided in said gas introduction port, and which is opened in only a direction from an upstream side of the gas to be subjected to the decomposition processing toward a downstream side thereof.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that a sprinkler is provided in the upper section of said gas decomposition apparatus body, and is connected to either a tank, in which a liquid containing photosynthetic bacteria and/or other bacteria and so forth is held, or a water pipe for feeding a water.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that a light source is provided above said bacteria bed material in said gas decomposition apparatus body.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that a light source is provided on a side wall face of said gas decomposition apparatus body, so that a top, sides and an interior of said bacteria bed material layer are illuminated with said light source in said gas decomposition apparatus body.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said gas decomposition apparatus body is formed so as to be horizontally extended, that said gas introduction port being placed at a central location in a longitudinal direction of said gas decomposition apparatus body, that the upper exhaust port and the lower exhaust port are respectively placed at upper and lower sides of each end of said gas decomposition apparatus body, and that the bacteria bed material layers are provided between said gas introduction port and the upper and lower exhaust ports at one end side and between said gas introduction port and the upper and lower exhaust ports at the other end side, respectively.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that two divided chambers are defined in the lower section of said gas decomposition apparatus body by a partition, that said gas introduction port is placed at one of said two divided chambers, that said lower exhaust port is formed in the other divided chamber, that said bacteria bed material layer is placed between the upper section of said gas decomposition apparatus body and the one of said two divided chambers, and that said upper exhaust port is placed at the upper section of said gas decomposition apparatus body.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said bacteria for eliminating a greenhouse gas or decomposing a stink gas comprise photosynthetic bacteria.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said bacteria for eliminating a greenhouse gas or decomposing a stink gas comprise chemoautotrophic bacteria.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said bacteria for eliminating a greenhouse gas or decomposing a stink gas comprise mixed-cultured bacteria containing photosynthetic bacteria, chemo-mixotrophic bacteria and chemoautotorophic bacteria.
In the gas decomposition apparatus, the invention is characterized by the fact that said bacteria bed material layer contains not only a nutrition substance but also a kind of lactic acid bacteria or more than one kindnof lactic acid bacteria, such as lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus brevis, lactobacillus salivarius, lactobacillus pentose, lactobacillus reuteri, lactobacillus casei and so forth.
According to the inventions, it is possible to efficiently and simultaneously discharge a gas lighter than the air and a gas heavier than the air, which result from assimilation of a greenhouse gas and a stink gas. Also, it is possible to efficiently and simultaneously discharge a combustible gas lighter than the air and a combustible gas heavier than the air which are created by a variety of bacteria when a greenhouse gas and a stink gas are taken in the bacteria as a carbon source for creating cells of the bacteria, and a gas lighter than the air and a gas heavier than the air which may be created by activity of various kinds of bacteria when the various kinds of bacteria floating in the art are adhered to bacteria bed material layers or when the various kinds of bacteria are adhered to the bacteria bed material layers during handling of the bacteria bed material layers. Also, by mixing and culturing chemoautotrophic bacteria and chemoautotorophic bacteria in addition to photosynthetic bacteria, it is possible to more enhance an ability of gas decomposition in comparison of a case where only the photosynthetic bacteria is used. Also, when rock candy or solid milk for nutrition is added together with lactic acid bacteria to photosynthetic bacteria, the rock candy or the solid milk are changed into lactic acid due to a reaction based, so that it is possible to efficiently nourish the photosynthetic bacteria. Further, when photosynthetic bacteria coexist with substrates, featuring a low oxidation level, such as lactic acid, i.e., when there is an excess deoxidization force, a non-cyclic electron transport system is operated so that it is possible to obtain an advantage that a fixation reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be considerably facilitated (about three times), resulting in exercise of a high gas decomposition ability.
A first embodiment of the present invention is depicted in
In the interior of the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body 1, an upper bacteria bed material layer 3 is received, and is supported by a supporter 12, with an upper exhaust chamber 2 being defined in the upper section thereof, and a lower bacteria bed material layer 4 is received therein, and is supported by a supporter 13, with a lower exhaust chamber 5 being defined in the lower section thereof. The upper exhaust chamber 2 is in communication with the upper exhaust port 7, and the lower exhaust chamber 5 is in communication with an exhaust gas 11.
The upper bacteria bed material layer 3 is composed of a greenhouse gas decomposition material which is supported by a gas-passable mesh member 23 placed on the lower surface thereof, with the greenhouse gas decomposition material containing porous substances, bamboo charcoal substances and/or leaf mold substances and so forth, to which photosynthetic bacteria are adhered. For the photo-synthetic bacteria, purple non-sulfur bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria and/or gliding filamentous green sulfur bacteria and so forth.
Reaction formulas regarding photosynthesis of these photo-synthetic bacteria are shown below.
(Reactions in which Purple or Green Sulfur Bacteria is Concerned)
CO2+2H2S+(Lights)→CH2O+H2O+2S (1)
S+CO2+3H2O+(Lights)→CH2O+H2SO4+H2↑ (2)
2CO2+NaS2O3+3H2O+(Lights)→2{CH2O}+NaS2O4+H2SO4 (3)
(Reactions in which Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria is Concerned)
CO2+2H2Accepter+(Lights)→{CH2O}+H2O+2Acceptror (4)
C4H7O2Na+2H2O+2CO2+(Lights)→5{CH2O}+NaHC3 (5)
C4H6O2+H2O+(Lights)→{CH2O}2+2CO2+2H2↑ (6)
Similarly, the lower bacteria bed material layer 4 is composed of a greenhouse gas decomposition material which is supported by a gas-passable mesh member 24 placed on the lower surface thereof, with the greenhouse gas decomposition material containing porous substances, bamboo charcoal substances and/or leaf mold substances and so forth, to which photosynthetic bacteria are adhered (for example, to which a liquid or a fluid in which the photosynthetic bacteria are cultured is adhered). The greenhouse gas decomposition material is similar to that of the upper bacteria bed material layer 3. Light sources 15-22 are arranged at predetermined locations in the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body 1. The light sources 15-22 are provided to illuminate the photo-activated photosynthetic bacteria with a sufficient amount of light.
Note, as shown in
With the arrangement as mentioned above, under the condition that the light sources 15-22 are turned on, when the greenhouse gas 9 is introduced from the gas introduction port 7 into the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body, and when it passes through the upper bacteria bed material layer 3 and the lower bacteria bed layer 4, carbon dioxide (CO2) in the greenhouse gas is taken therein as a carbon source for creating cells of the bacteria so that the fixation and elimination of carbon can be carried out. Also, due to the fact that the photosynthetic bacteria, the chemoautotrophic bacteria, the chemo-mixotrophic bacteria and the chemoautotorophic bacteriais are adhered to the bacteria bed material layers, a creation of both a combustible hydrogen gas lighter than the air and a combustible butane gas heavier than the air, is accompanied by the fixation and elimination of the greenhouse gas. At this time, the hydrogen gas 10 lighter than the air is discharged from the upper exhaust port 7 through the upper exhaust chamber 2, and the butane gas 11 heavier than the air is discharged from the lower exhaust port 8 through the lower exhaust chamber 5.
As stated above, it is possible to simultaneously discharge both the hydrogen gas 10 lighter than the air and the butane gas 11 heavier than the air. Accordingly, the combustible gases can be prevented from staying in the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body 1, resulting in contribution to improvement in safety.
A second embodiment of the present invention is depicted in
As shown in
Note that the upper unit 1A, the intermediate unit 1B and the lower unit 1C may be threadedly engaged with each other by forming both a male thread and a female thread (not shown) in ends of units to be connected.
With this arrangement, it is possible to easily carry out the maintenance in which an exchange of the upper bacteria bed material layer 3 and the lower bacteria bed material layer 4, a supply of the photosynthetic bacteria, an exchange of the photosynthetic bacteria, and so forth are included.
A third embodiment of the present invention is depicted in
As shown in
With the arrangement as mentioned above, a greenhouse gas 9 (CO2) is introduced from the gas introduction port 6 into an inflow chamber 45, and is fixed and eliminated when it passes through the bacteria bed material layers 37 and 39 by the photosynthetic bacteria. At this time, a created hydrogen gas 10 lighter than the air is discharged from the upper exhaust ports 7, and a created butane gas 11 heavier than the air is discharged from the lower exhaust ports 8.
With this arrangement, an application of the present invention is made possible even if an installation location is specified, and thus not only can the hydrogen gas 10 lighter than the air be discharged, but also the butane gas 11 heavier than the air is simultaneously discharged.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention is depicted in
As shown in
A stink gas 9 introduced from the gas introduction port 6 flows into the exhaust chamber 41 through the intermediary of the deodorant layer 43, so that a hydrogen gas 10 lighter than the air is discharged from the upper exhaust port 7, and so that a butane gas 11 heavier than the air is discharged from the lower exhaust port 8 through the exhaust chamber 42. As stated above, by using the single deodorant layer 43, the deodorization apparatus can be downsized. As a result, since it is possible to invert the deodorization apparatus with portability, application of the deodorization apparatus can be widened. For example, a mobile vehicle such as a honey truck and so forth can carry the deodorization apparatus.
A fifth embodiment of the present invention is depicted in
In the plurality of bacteria bed material layers 3A, 3B and 3C, for example, the bacteria bed material layers 3A and 3B may be formed as a photosynthetic-bacteria adhesion layer, and the bacteria bed material layer 3C may be formed as a mixed-bacteria adhesion layer including a combination of a photosynthetic bacteria with other bacteria. Furthermore, the number of bacteria bed material layers may be regulated so as to be increased or decreased in accordance with a degree of a concentration of a greenhouse gas 9. Note that, although light sources for activating the photosynthetic bacteria are not illustrated, they are provided in the interior of the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body 1. In this embodiment, it is possible to vary a combination of the bacterial bed material layers in accordance with degrees of a concentration and an emission of the greenhouse gas 9, so that the apparatus can be constructed in a variety of sizes
A sixth embodiment of the present invention is depicted in
As shown in
With the arrangement as mentioned above, the greenhouse gas 9 introduced from the gas introduction port 6 is forcibly fed to the porous gas ejector through the feeding pipe 50 by the pump 49. The fed greenhouse gas 9 is ejected as bubbles from the porous gas ejector so as to pass through the culture solution 47, and then is fed to an inflow chamber 45 of the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body 1 through an exhaust chamber 48. At this time, the greenhouse gas in the inflow chamber 45 is isolated from the gas introduction port 6 by the culture solution 47, and the backward flow the greenhouse gas toward the gas introduction port 6 is prevented due to the forcible blow of the pump 49.
As stated above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to realize the preparatory elimination processing and the prevention of the backward flow of the greenhouse gas 9.
A seventh embodiment of the present invention is depicted in
For the warm layer 59, a thermal insulator material may be used, or a heater, which is thermally controlled by a not illustrated thermal control unit, may be used. It is preferable that a temperature in the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body 1 is maintained within a range between 30° C. and 40° C. A gas introduction port 6 is provided with a check valve 52 to thereby prevent a backward flow of an greenhouse gas from an inflow chamber 45 to the gas introduction port 6.
As stated above, according to this embodiment, since an upper bacteria bed material layer 3 and a lower bacteria bed material layer 4 can be always put under the optimally-thermal environment, it is possible to always and constantly exercise efficiently a greenhouse gas fixation/elimination ability without being affected by a seasonal or geographic temperature variation.
An eighth embodiment of the present invention is depicted in
As shown in
Also, although not illustrated, the solution tank 53 and the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body 1 may be provided with solar panels as a power source for driving the pump 60 and the flow rate controller, otherwise the solar panels may be installed in the vicinity of them. In this case, the supply of either the bacteria or the nutrition solution can be autonomously carried out, and thus it is unnecessary to perform the wiring work outside.
According to this embodiment, the supply of the bacteria can be suitably carried out, it is possible to stably achieve the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination processing.
In this embodiment, although the sprinkler 56 is provided in the upper section of the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body 1, another sprinkler may be further provided between the upper bacteria bed material layer 3 and the lower bacteria bed material layer 4. Also, a substitute for both the upper sprinkler and the middle, sprinklers may be provided in the vicinity of a gas introduction port 6, so that a greenhouse gas 9 can be excessively wetted and fed to the upper bacteria bed material layer 3 and the lower bacteria bed material layer 4. Thus, an optimum moisture condition for activity of photosynthetic bacteria, other bacteria and so forth can be obtained in the greenhouse gas fixation/elimination apparatus body 1, and thus it is possible to surely fix and eliminate the greenhouse gas.
(Gas Decomposition Test)
The effect of the gas decomposition apparatus according to Embodiment 1 was investigated, using cultured substances which was obtained by culturing a culture material containing photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria under a ventilating condition. Gas decomposition states in the gas decomposition apparatus are shown in Table 1.
From the results shown in Table 1, it was found that concentrations of the introduction gases introduced into the gas decomposition apparatus were reduced. It could be presumed that these results were due to the fact that the photosynthetic bacteria needed and consumed carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) as energy sources.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/062683 | 6/25/2007 | WO | 00 | 2/22/2010 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009/001424 | 12/31/2008 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5232586 | Malone | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5413936 | Rupert | May 1995 | A |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 920903 | Jun 1999 | EP |
| 06-23389 | Feb 1994 | JP |
| 6-254346 | Sep 1994 | JP |
| 07-213276 | Aug 1995 | JP |
| 07274936 | Oct 1995 | JP |
| 2004-195423 | Jul 2004 | JP |
| 2007-167793 | Jul 2007 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| English language machine translation of EP 920903A1 (Jun. 1999), 7 pages. |
| English language machine translation of JP 07-274936 A (Oct. 1995), 7 pages. |
| International Search Report; International Application No. PCT/JP2007/062683; Dated: Sep. 18, 2007. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100178693 A1 | Jul 2010 | US |
