Patent Application
20210205566
The present invention relates to medical devices and more particularly, relates to gas delivery venturi devices for controllably delivering a gas to a patient.
The venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section of pipe. Many hospital patients require a supplementary level of oxygen in the room air they are breathing, rather than pure or near pure oxygen and this can be delivered through a number of devices dependent on the diagnoses, clinical condition of a patient, level of blood oxygenation (hypoxemia), flow requirement and in some instances patient preference. There are also a number of devices available for oxygen delivery in a spontaneously breathing patient, some of the options being low flow nasal cannula, high flow nasal cannula, face mask, venturi mask, non-rebreather mask, oxygen tent, CPAP/BIPAP mask, etc. The venturi mask is especially desirable where highly controlled low concentration is required, especially in patients who are sensitive to high concentration oxygen and are at a risk of carbon dioxide retention when given high concentration oxygen (an example of such patient would be one with the diagnoses of COPD).
The venturi mask, also known as an air-entrainment mask, is a medical device to deliver a known oxygen concentration to patients on controlled oxygen therapy. Venturi devices often use flow rates between 2 and 12 LPM, with a concentration of oxygen delivered to the patient of between 24% and 50%. Venturi masks are considered high-flow oxygen therapy devices. This is because venturi masks are able to provide near total required inspiratory flow at a specified FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) to a patient's therapy. The kits usually include, multiple jets in order to set the desired FiO2 which are usually color coded. The color of the device reflects the delivered oxygen concentration, for example: blue=24%; yellow=28%; white=31%; green=35%; pink=40%; orange=50%. The color however varies with different brands and the user must check the instructions for use to determine the correct color for the desired FiO2. A venturi connector can be used and is connected to the patient through a face mask or the like and to a gas source (in this case oxygen) which delivers oxygen to the patient by means of the face mask. The venturi connector has air entrainment openings or ports that draw air into the connector for mixing with the gas (oxygen) that is flowing through the venturi connector to deliver a metered amount of a gas mixture to the patient.
Though venturi masks may accurately deliver a predetermined oxygen concentration to the trachea, generally up to 50%, there could be a greater level of inaccuracy in delivering higher concentration when a patient's flow requirement is high during respiratory distress and a high level of air entrainment happens through the secondary entrainment ports that are mostly a part of the interface mask device. There may be a reasonable level of predictability when considering primary air entrainment from the primary venturi entrainment ports but there is high level of unpredictability when considering the secondary entrainment from the interface mask device entrainment ports. Hence, a patient could be at a risk of developing hypoxemia due to inaccurately delivered low oxygen concentration than stated or predicted. The current venturi devices are therefore fraught with problems and need improvement and better accuracy or predictability.
There are other disadvantages with a venturi system, and that is that there are a large number of parts that are included in the venturi kit, especially multiple venturi connectors and therefore, the kit can be rather bulky and cumbersome. For example, if the oxygen concentration has to be varied, a completely new venturi connector having the proper jet (nozzle) is needed and thus, requires the previous nozzle to be removed and then the new nozzle is connected to the rest of the equipment. In addition, the flow of oxygen has to be adjusted for each venturi connector. This task requires time and moreover, is an interruption to the patient's treatment. In addition, most medical providers other than respiratory therapists are not easily familiar with the intricacies of venturi devices, they are not familiar with venturi principals, they require special training, and as such the devices currently being used are not user friendly. The parts of the kit that are not used, thus must be carefully stored and kept track of and could easily get misplaced which is not common in a hospital setting.
There is therefore a need for an improved venturi gas delivery system.
In one embodiment, a gas venturi connector includes a venturi body having an open first end, an opposing second end and an internal gas mixing chamber. The connector has a plurality of windows formed in the venturi body proximate the second end. Each window of the plurality of windows is in fluid communication with the internal gas mixing chamber and is open to atmosphere to allow air to be entrained into the internal gas mixing chamber to form a venturi effect. The connector further includes a plurality of gas ports disposed at the second end. Each gas port has a tubular shape configured for connection to a supplemental gas source and each gas port having a different sized gas port orifice formed therein for controlling and defining a gas concentration of the supplemental gas that is delivered to the patient. Each gas port has a corresponding window located adjacent thereto with an upper edge of each gas port being located below an upper edge of the corresponding window.
In an alternative embodiment, a gas venturi connector includes a venturi body having an open first end and an opposing second end that includes a gas port for connection to a supplemental gas source. The venturi body includes a first air entrainment window and a second air entrainment window spaced from the first air entrainment window. Each of the first entrainment window and the second air entrainment window has an L-shape. The connector also has a movable shutter that rotates about the venturi body and includes a third air entrainment window and a fourth air entrainment window spaced from the third air entrainment window.
Venturi Connector—Low Concentration
As used herein, the term low concentration refers to a delivery of a gas, in this case oxygen, in a concentration of between 20% to 60% (e.g., between 24% and 60%). As described herein, this type of connector acts as a venturi and thus, oxygen from a gas source (canister) is mixed with entrained air from the atmosphere to produce a mixed gas that is delivered to the patient. The above recited percentages reflect the amount (percentage) of oxygen that is in the mixed gas delivered to the patient.
In accordance with the present invention, the venturi connector 100 is constructed to be attached to a gas source (not shown), such as an oxygen gas source, and is also connected to a face mask (not shown) or the like that delivers the inhalation gas to the patient.
The connector 100 is formed of a main venturi connector body or housing 110 that has an open first (top) end 112 and a second end 114.
As shown, the body 110 has a tapered construction and in particular has an inward taper toward the first end 112 in that a diameter of the body 110 at the first end 112 is less than a diameter of the body 110 at the second end 114. This tapering yields desired gas flow characteristics. More specifically, the body 110 can be thought of as including a bottom portion 111 that has a uniform diameter, a top portion 115 that has a uniform diameter, and an intermediate tapered region 113 that is between the bottom portion 111 and the top portion 115 that has a variable diameter. The diameter of the top portion 115 is less than the diameter of the bottom portion 111.
By incorporating a taper into the body 110, a higher pressure is maintained in the system since as the mixed gas flows toward the patient interface (mask), the inward taper of the body 110 causes the gas pressure to increase since the gas is being directed into a smaller area (smaller diameter). This increase in pressure maintains velocity of the gas.
In general, the venturi connector 100 is formed of two main components, namely, a multi-port venturi portion 150 and a gas entrainment portion 190. The multi-port venturi portion 150 includes a number of gas ports that permit flow of gas into the connector 100. For example, the gas ports can include a first gas port 200, a second gas port 210, a third gas port 220, a fourth gas port 230, a fifth gas port 240 and a sixth gas port 250. The gas ports 200-250 are formed circumferential to one another. Each gas port 200-250 can be in the form of a tubular member that has a first (top) end 211 and a second (bottom) end 213. The gas ports 200-250 are configured to be individually connected to a gas source (such as an oxygen gas source). As shown in the cross-sectional views of
The gas entrainment portion 190 has a bottom wall 192 and an upper wall 194 with a hollow gas entrainment section 191 formed in between. In particular, a plurality of gas entrainment windows 195 are formed in this region and in the illustrates embodiment, each gas port 200-250 has an associated gas entrainment window 195. More particularly, one gas entrainment window 195 is located adjacent one gas port 200-250. As shown, the gas port 200-250 can be centrally located within the corresponding gas entrainment window 195 which has a rectangular shape.
The gas ports 200-250 can be formed integral to the bottom wall 192 with the top ends of the gas ports 200-250 being located above the bottom wall 192 and within the windows 195. With six gas ports 200-250, there are six gas entrainment windows 195 with divider walls 197 being formed between the discrete windows 195. Each window 195 is formed adjacent one discrete gas port 200-250 to allow air inflow (air entrainment) and each window 195 can have uniform dimensions.
The windows 195 and positioning of the gas ports 200-250 and the hollow space in the gas entrainment section 191 are desired to create a venturi effect in which the gas flow from the gas port into the hollow space 191 while flowing by the air entrainment window 195 which is designed to allow atmospheric gas (air) to be entrained by the gas flow through the gas port.
The distal ends of the gas ports can be barbed ends to facilitate mating of the gas ports to conduits (tubing) that is connected to the same, single gas source or to multiple gas sources.
Venturi Connector—High Concentration
As used herein, the term high concentration refers to a delivery of a gas, in this case oxygen, in a concentration of between 60% to 100%. The above recited percentages reflect the amount (percentage) of oxygen that is in the mixed gas delivered to the patient.
The connector 300 has a valve body 310 with an open first (top) end 312 and a stem 320 with an open second (bottom) end 324. The stem 320 is configured for attachment to a gas source while the valve body 310 is configured for attachment to a conduit (tube) that leads to a patient interface device, such as a mask. The valve body 310 has a cylindrical shape and the stem 320 also can have a cylindrical shape.
Within the valve body 310 there is one or more gas (air) entrainment windows 330 formed therein. For example, as illustrated, there can be two windows 330 formed directly 180 degrees apart. Each window 330 has an L-shape or dogleg shape as shown in
The connector 300 includes an actuator (shutter) 400 that is coupled to the valve body 310 and is adjustable relative thereto as by rotating the actuator 400 relative to and about the valve body 310. The actuator 400 is thus disposed around the valve body 310. The actuator 400 includes an opening or window 410 and in particular, for each window 330, there is an associated opening 410. The degree of registration between the window 330 and the opening 410 determines the degree of air entrainment since atmospheric air can only enter into the venturi when there is overlap (registration) between the windows 330 and openings 410. By orienting the windows 330 directly opposite (180 degrees apart) one another and by having the openings 410 directly opposite (180 degrees apart) one another, the degree of registration is the same for each of the two pairs of overlapping windows 330, 410.
The actuator 400 can seat on a bottom wall 318 of the valve body 310 and coupling members 319 formed on the valve body 310 can assist retaining an upper edge of the actuator 400 in place, while still permitting rotation of the actuator.
In
The adjustable actuator 400 permits the user to choose from among a plurality of different inspiratory oxygen concentrations depending upon the precise application and the patient's needs.
The patient interface 10 is attached to the connector 100 by a conduit 20 (e.g., traditional tubing). One end of the conduit 20 is attached to an inlet port (e.g., tubular structure) that is part of the patient interface 10, while the other end is attached to the first end 112 of the connector 100.
The patient interface 10 illustrated in
Alternatively, the orifices 52 are formed directly in the face mask 10 according to a preselected pattern. For example, the orifices 52 can be die stamped into the face mask 10 itself such that the orifices 52 represent openings formed directly in the face mask. In this embodiment, there is no discrete air entrainment disk coupled to the face mask but instead, the face mask 10 can be considered to have a pair of air entrainment areas (regions) in which the orifices 52 are formed (e.g., die stamped) according to the desired orifice pattern (e.g., an arrangement of 12 orifices per air entrainment area). In
The orifices 52 remain open at all times and are designed so as to not provide increased resistance during respiratory distress. In other words, if the supplemental gas source (e.g., oxygen) were to fail, the orifices 52 allow for a sufficient amount of air to pass through the mask top the patient to maintain satisfactory breathing.
While the dimensions of the human trachea varies depending on gender and patient size, adult tracheas in general have a diameter of at least about 13 mm (0.51 inch) for a small male adult and at least about 10 mm (0.39 inch) for a small adult female. These values are for both the coronal and sagittal diameters. The upper limits of normal for coronal and sagittal diameters, respectively, in men aged 20-79, are 25 mm (0.98 inch) and 27 mm (1.06 inch); in women, they are 21 mm (0.83) and 23 mm (0.91), respectively.
For both male and female adults, the trachea therefore has a cross-sectional area of at least about 0.119 square inches based on a trachea diameter of at least about 10 mm (0.39 inch).
The combined area (sq. inches) of the orifices is at least equal to cross-sectional area of the smallest adult female trachea (based on a 10 mm trachea diameter) such that the patient can breathe through the plurality of orifices 52 (e.g., the 24 orifices formed in the two air entrainment areas of the mask) without any difficulty when there is no air entry from any other port (e.g., a failure of the oxygen source).
In one embodiment, the face mask (i.e., the two air entrainment areas) has a total of twenty-four orifices 52, with twelve orifices 52 on each side of the mask and each orifice has a diameter such that the total collective surface area of the twenty-four orifices 52 is equal to or slightly greater than 0.12 square inches measurement based on the tracheal anatomy as described above. For example, in one embodiment, each 0.08 inch diameter orifice has an area of 0.005 square inches and multiplied by 24 (the number of orifices) is 0.12 square inches (e.g., the target total area of the openings that corresponds to the minimum cross-sectional trachea). To reach at least a combined area of 0.12 square inches, the surface area of each orifice is (0.12 sq inches/24) equal to 0.005 sq. inches and the diameter of the orifice is 0.08 inch. It will be appreciated that is in embodiment, the collective total surface area (sq. inches) of all of the orifices is at least equal to 0.12 sq. inches. It will also be appreciated that this collective total value (0.12 sq inch) is not dependent on the number of orifices. For example, instead of 24 orifices in the above example, the mask can contain 12 orifices in total and in that case, each orifice would have a diameter of 0.16 inch (twice the size as when there were 24 orifices).
In another embodiment, the total collective area of the orifices 52 is at least 0.225 square inches.
The formation of many orifices 52 is in contrast to forming two large openings (mask vents) one on each side of the mask to match that area as larger openings lead to significant entrainment of room air to dilute delivered oxygen concentration especially when the patient is in respiratory distress and the inspiration flow is high. The specifically designed orifices 52 in the mask allow preferential utilization of oxygen delivered by the venturi which in our designed venturi always delivers flow of greater than 15 liters per minute regardless of the port used and there is none to minimal entrainment of room air or ambient air from the orifices 52 in the mask. Had the mask orifices been only two larger openings with one on each side with larger diameter, the flow would have preferentially come from ambient air entrainment diluting the oxygen delivered by the venturi (connectors 100, 300) during respiratory distress when high inspiratory flow is required.
While reducing the diameter of each orifice 52 in the mask, the total area is maintained such that there is no resistance during inspiration or expiration no matter what the flow during patient breathing, calmly or during respiratory distress. Thus, the venturi flow and room air entrainment have been delicately balanced to keep the oxygen delivery concentration within an extremely narrow range regardless of the respiratory condition of the patient without losing any respiratory resistance due to smaller orifice sizes. In addition, these parameters have been delicately balanced to be able to deliver 6 different concentrations of oxygen with the same mask and a single venturi by creating 6 ports (ports 200-250) for oxygen delivery each with a different terminal orifice with a different pressure drop and different ambient air entrainment from the port specific window. The venturi connector 100 has been further tapered at the other end to maintain high velocity (always high flow of greater than 15 liters per min) no matter whether the flow of oxygen to the port is 2 liters or 15 liters.
The connectors 100, 300 disclosed herein are thus constructed to be attached to a gas source (not shown), such as an oxygen gas source, and is also connected to the patient interface 10, which can be in the form of a face mask or the like that delivers the inhalation gas to the patient.
It is to be understood that like numerals in the drawings represent like elements through the several figures, and that not all components and/or steps described and illustrated with reference to the figures are required for all embodiments or arrangements.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not precludes the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
The subject matter described above is provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting. Various modifications and changes can be made to the subject matter described herein without following the example embodiments and applications illustrated and described, and without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
The present application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 62/956,772, filed Jan. 3, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62956772 | Jan 2020 | US |
