Patent Grant
7764018
The present invention relates to a gas discharge tube, more specifically, to a gas discharge tube of a deuterium lamp to be used as a light source of a spectroscope or chromatography.
As a conventional technique in the above-described field, there are techniques described in Patent document 1 and 2 listed below. Gas (deuterium) discharge tubes described in these patent documents both have a metal-made barrier on a discharge path between an anode and a cathode, and in this barrier, a small hole is formed so as to narrow the discharge path. In this construction, light with high luminance can be obtained by the small opening on the discharge path. Particularly, in the gas discharge tube described in Patent document 1, the small hole, that is, the portion to narrow the discharge path is lengthened to further increase the luminance. On the other hand, in the gas discharge tube described in Patent document 2, the length of the small hole is increased and a plurality of barriers are provided to make the luminance higher.
The demand for higher luminance of the gas discharge tube is comparatively satisfied by these techniques. However, when the portion to narrow the discharge path is increased in length, discharge becomes difficult to be generated. This problem is avoided in the gas discharge tube described in Patent document 2 by providing a plurality of metal-made barriers so as to generate discharge stepwise, however, as a result, the power supply circuit becomes complicated.
Therefore, an object of the invention is to provide a gas discharge tube which can reliably generate discharge while realizing higher luminance.
To solve the above-described problem, the present invention provides a gas discharge tube which emits light to the outside from a light exit window of a sealed container in which a gas is sealed by generating discharge between an anode and a cathode which are disposed in the sealed container, including (i) a cylindrical part restricting a discharge path, the cylindrical part being disposed between the anode and the cathode and having a through hole for narrowing the discharge path between the anode and the cathode, the cylindrical part being conductive and being electrically connected to an external power source; (ii) a discharge shielding part which is disposed so as to cover a surrounding of the part restricting the discharge path and is electrically insulated from the part restricting the discharge path, wherein the part restricting the discharge path has an end on the cathode side projecting by a predetermined projecting amount more than a surface on the cathode side of the discharge shielding part and an end on the anode side projecting into a space where the anode is positioned. The projecting amount on the cathode side of the part restricting the discharge path is preferably not more than 0.5 mm.
In this construction, most of the discharge path from the outer peripheral surface of the part restricting the discharge path to the cathode is shielded by the discharge shielding part, and only a part of the end on the cathode side of the part restricting the discharge path, that is, only a projecting portion of 0.5 mm at maximum forms a discharge path for starting discharge between the projecting portion and the cathode, so that when a starting power is applied, a high-density electron region is formed only near the projecting tip end of the part restricting the discharge path and at a part on the cathode side of the through hole. As a result, starting discharge is reliably generated. In addition, the part restricting the discharge path projects by a predetermined amount into a space on the side where the anode is positioned, so that the space on the side where the anode is positioned is expanded and heat radiation of the anode is preferably performed in this space and a temperature rise of the anode is prevented. As a result, evaporated products from the anode are reduced.
As a construction which effectively brings about the above-described action, in detail, a part restricting the discharge path support for supporting the part restricting the discharge path is provided, and the part restricting the discharge path has, on its outer peripheral surface a flange portion to be supported by the support for the part restricting the discharge path, and the end faces on the cathode side and the anode side of the part restricting the discharge path project toward the cathode side and the anode side, respectively, from this flange portion, and this construction makes easy the positioning and attaching of the part restricting the discharge path. The support for the part restricting the discharge path supports the flange portion provided in the middle of the longitudinal direction of the part restricting the discharge path, so that in comparison with the case where the support supports the end portion on the anode side of the part restricting the discharge path having the same length, the thickness of the support for the part restricting the discharge path in this longitudinal direction can be reduced, and the gas discharge tube can be made compact.
It is preferable that the through hole in the part restricting the discharge path includes a small hole with a constant inner diameter provided on the anode side and an expanded diameter hole in a funnel shape which extends to the cathode side continuously from the small hole and whose inner diameter is expanded toward the cathode side. This is because the small hole functions as a portion to narrow discharge, the expanded diameter hole forms a satisfactory arc ball at the inside and these contribute to an increase in luminance.
Furthermore, the boundary between the small hole and the expanded diameter hole is set closer to the anode side than the surface on the cathode side of the discharge shielding part, whereby the high-density electron region is formed so as to especially concentrate on the inside of the expanded diameter hole, and starting discharge is more reliably generated. When the inner diameter of the small hole of the part restricting the discharge path is defined as D1 and the maximum inner diameter of the expanded diameter hole is defined as D2, setting of D2 to be not less than 1 mm and not more than 3 mm and a ratio of D2/D1 to be not less than 4 and not more than 10 is effective for higher density of the electron region and satisfactory arc ball forming. It is preferable that the discharge shielding part is made of an electrical insulating material so as to easily realize electrical insulation from the part restricting the discharge path.
As described above, the gas discharge tube of the invention has a part restricting the discharge path which sufficiently narrows discharge and brings about an effect of obtaining high luminance, and due to the positional relationship between the part restricting the discharge path and the discharge shielding part, starting discharge is reliably generated at the tip end of the part restricting the discharge path, so that an effect is brought about that starting discharge progresses stepwise and main discharge is also reliably generated. In addition, evaporated products from the anode are reduced, so that stable discharge can be maintained over a long period of time. Complicated power supply circuits are unnecessary, and this contributes to reduction in the total cost of an apparatus using the gas discharge tube of the invention.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. For easy understanding of the description, the same reference numbers are attached wherever possible to the same components in the respective drawings, and overlapping description is omitted.
The gas discharge tube 10 shown in
The sealed container 12 includes a cylindrical side tube portion 14 one end side of which is sealed and a stem portion (not shown) which seals the other end side of this side tube portion 14, and a part of the side tube portion 14 is used as a light exit window 18. In this sealed container 12, the light emitting part assembly 20 is housed.
This light emitting part assembly 20 includes, as shown in
At the substantially center of the concave portion 32 of the support 30, a circular opening 34 is formed. The support 30 is disposed so that this opening 34 faces the light exit window 18.
The anode 24 has a substantially rectangular planar shape, and is disposed on a side apart from the concave portion 32 of the anode housing space 62 so that its surface faces the light exit window 18. To the back side of the anode 24, a tip end of a stem pin 26 which is stood on the stem portion and extends in the tube axis (central axis of the side tube portion 14) direction is fixed and electrically connected.
The conductive plate 36 includes, as shown in
As shown in
The portion from the end portion on the cathode 56 side opposite the anode 24 side of the part 28 restricting the discharge path to the flange 44 is formed as a first projecting portion 54 projecting toward the cathode 56 side, and the portion from the flange 44 to the end portion on the anode 24 side is formed as a second projecting portion 64 projecting toward the anode 24 side. This second projecting portion 64 is disposed so as to project by a predetermined amount to the anode housing space 62. Therefore, the anode housing space 62 has a predetermined size so as to house the second projecting portion 64 and the anode 24.
Inside the part 28 restricting the discharge path, a through hole 42 for narrowing or restricting the discharge path from the anode 24 extends in the axial direction thereof. This through hole 42 of the part 28 restricting the discharge path includes a small hole 46 with a constant inner diameter provided on the anode 24 side, and an expanded diameter hole 48 in a funnel shape which extends upward (to the cathode 56 side) continuously from the small hole and whose inner diameter is expanded upward (to the end side). The small hole 46 is a portion for mainly narrowing the discharge path, and the expanded diameter hole 48 is mainly for arc ball forming, and in this embodiment, an inner peripheral surface of the expanded diameter hole is a conical surface. For narrowing the discharge, it is preferable that the inner diameter D1 of the small hole 46 is approximately 0.5 mm. Preferably, the maximum inner diameter D2 of the expanded diameter hole 48, that is, the inner diameter D2 of the through hole 42 on the end face on the cathode 56 side is set to be not less than 1 mm and not more than 3 mm and a ratio D2/D1 to the inner diameter D1 of the small hole 46 becomes not less than 4 and not more than 10.
On the surface on the light exit window 18 side of the support 30, as shown in
The opening 52 of the discharge shielding part 50 has an inner diameter d slightly larger than the outer diameter D3 of the first projecting portion 54 as shown in
A total H of the length of the first projecting portion 54 in the longitudinal direction of the part 28 restricting the discharge path and the thickness of the flange 44 is slightly larger than a total T of the thickness of the support 30 and the thickness of the discharge shielding part 50, and an upper end (cathode 56 side end) of the part 28 restricting the discharge path projects upward (to the cathode 56 side) from the upper surface (cathode 56 side surface) of the discharge shielding part 50. This projecting amount P is preferably not more than 0.5 mm, and more preferably, approximately 0.3 mm.
Furthermore, the length h in the axial direction of the expanded diameter hole 48 that is a cathode 56 side portion of the through hole 42 in the part 28 restricting the discharge path is larger than the projecting amount P. Namely, the lower end of the expanded diameter hole 48 (boundary between the expanded diameter hole 48 and the small hole 46) is closer to the anode 24 side than the upper surface (cathode 56 side surface) of the discharge shielding part 50.
The light emitting part assembly 20 including the part 28 restricting the discharge path, the base 22, and the support 30, etc., has a cathode 56 disposed at a position (left side) on the light exit window 18 side deviated from an optical path as shown in
Furthermore, the light emitting part assembly 20 has a metal-made front cover 60 and a discharge rectifier plate 58 so as to prevent spatter or evaporated products generated from the cathode 56 from adhering to the light exit window 18. The front cover 60 is disposed so as to cover the surface on the light exit window 18 side of the support 30 and the cathode 56 and is fixed to the support 30. In this front cover 60, at a position corresponding to the opening 52 of the discharge shielding part 50, a light pass-through opening 62 through which an ultraviolet ray passes is formed. The discharge rectifier plate 58 is disposed so as to surround the cathode 56 in conjunction with the cathode 56 side (left side of
Next, operations of the gas discharge tube 10 mentioned above will be described. First, before discharge, a power of approximately 10 W is supplied for approximately 20 seconds to the cathode 56 via a stem pin (not shown) from an external power source for cathode (not shown) to preheat the coil forming the cathode 56. Next, between the cathode 56 and the anode 24, a voltage of approximately 160V is applied via the stem pin 26 from an external power source for main discharge (not shown) to make preparations for arc discharge.
Thereafter, from an external power source for trigger (not shown), a predetermined voltage, for example, a voltage of approximately 350V is applied between the part 28 restricting the discharge path and the anode 24 via the stem pins 38 and 26. Then, between the cathode 56 and a projecting portion of the part 28 restricting the discharge path projecting to the side of the cathode 56 more than the upper surface of the discharge shielding part 50, starting discharge is generated.
Herein, in this embodiment, most of the discharge path from the outer peripheral surface of the part 28 restricting the discharge path toward the cathode 56 is shielded by the discharge shielding part 50, and only the end of the first projecting portion 54 of the part 28 restricting the discharge path, that is, only a portion of the projecting amount P of 0.5 mm at maximum, preferably 0.3 mm forms a discharge path for starting discharge between the portion and the cathode 56, so that a high-density electron region is formed only inside and near the expanded diameter hole 48 of the part 28 restricting the discharge path. Additionally, the conical inner peripheral surface of the expanded diameter hole 48 extends further downward than the upper surface of the discharge shielding part 50, so that the high-density electron region is formed especially inside the expanded diameter hole 48. As a result, the starting discharge is reliably generated.
When starting discharge is generated between the upper end of the part 28 restricting the discharge path and the cathode 56, subsequently, starting discharge is also generated between the cathode 56 and the anode 24, and thereafter, main discharge (arc discharge) is generated by the external power source for main discharge. Discharge can be thus generated stepwise, and therefore, even when the total length (H+the length of the second projecting portion 64) of the part 28 restricting the discharge path is set to be sufficient to narrow discharge (for example, not less than 2 mm), the main discharge can be reliably generated.
After the main discharge is generated, the power from the external power source for cathode is adjusted so as to optimize the temperature of the cathode 56. Thereby, between the cathode 56 and the anode 24, the main discharge is maintained, and an arc ball is formed in the expanded diameter hole 48 of the part 28 restricting the discharge path. Thus, in the part 28 restricting the discharge path, discharge is narrowed while maintaining a sufficient length, and the arc ball is formed, so that a generated ultraviolet ray is emitted as light with very high luminance through the light exit window 18 of the sealed container 12 from the light pass-through opening 62 between the discharge rectifier plate 58 and the front cover 60. Herein, the inner peripheral surface of the expanded diameter hole 48 is conical and the maximum inner diameter D2 of the expanded diameter hole 48 is not less than 1 mm and not more than 3 mm and the ratio D2/D1 to the inner diameter D1 of the small hole 46 is set to be not less than 4 and not more than 10, so that the arc ball formed is in a stable satisfactory shape. Therefore, the luminance and light amount of the light to exit also become stable. By setting D1 and D2 to the above-described dimensions, the increase in density of the electron region in the expanded diameter hole 48 is further promoted.
In this embodiment, the part 28 restricting the discharge path projects to the anode 24 side, and the anode housing space 62 for housing the second projecting portion 64 and the anode 24 is formed as a sufficient space, so that heat radiation of the anode 24 is preferably performed in this anode housing space 62, a temperature rise of the anode 24 is prevented, and evaporated products from the anode 24 are reduced. Therefore, stable discharge can be maintained over a long period of time. In addition, the complicated power supply circuit as in the case where a plurality of metal-made barriers are disposed becomes unnecessary, and this contributes to reduction in the total cost of an apparatus using the gas discharge tube of the present invention.
In the present invention, the part 28 restricting the discharge path has, on its outer peripheral surface, a flange 44 for supporting the part 28 restricting the discharge path, and the end on the anode 24 side of the part 28 restricting the discharge path projects more than the surface on the anode 24 side of the flange 44, so that the positioning and attaching of the part 28 restricting the discharge path become easy. Furthermore, the support 30 which supports the part 28 restricting the discharge path supports the flange 44 that is provided in the middle in the longitudinal direction of the part 28 restricting the discharge path, so that in comparison with the case where the support supports the anode 24 side end of the part 28 restricting the discharge path having the same length, the thickness of the support 30 in the same longitudinal direction of the support can be reduced, and the gas discharge tube 10 is downsized. Furthermore, the support 30 made of ceramic with high heat storage performance is made thin to increase the size of the anode housing space 62, so that heat radiation of the anode 24 is more effectively performed.
In this gas discharge tube 110, as described above, the discharge shielding part 150 is made of an electrical insulating material such as ceramics, and therefore, as shown in
Also in the gas discharge tube 310 of the third embodiment constructed as described above, most of the discharge path from the outer peripheral surface of the part 28 restricting the discharge path to the cathode 56 is shielded by the discharge shielding part 50, and only the end of the first projecting portion 54 of the part 28 restricting the discharge path forms a discharge path for starting discharge between the same and the cathode 56, so that the starting discharge is reliably generated, and the part 28 restricting the discharge path extends so as to project to the anode 24 side and the anode housing space 362 for housing this second projecting portion 64 and the anode 24 is formed, so that a temperature rise of the anode 24 is prevented and evaporated products from the anode 24 are reduced. Namely, the same effect as that of the gas discharge tube 10 of the first embodiment can be obtained. Additionally, it is possible to apply the construction of the second embodiment to the gas discharge tube 310 of the third embodiment.
Also in the gas discharge tube 410 of the fourth embodiment thus constructed, as a matter of course, the same effect as that of the gas discharge tube 310 of the third embodiment is obtained. Additionally, it is possible to apply the construction of the second embodiment to the gas discharge tube 410 of the fourth embodiment.
The light emitting part assembly 220 has an electrical insulating disk-shaped base 222 made of ceramics or the like. The base 222 is disposed so as to face the light exit window 218. Above the base 222, an anode 224 is disposed, and to this anode 224, a tip end of a stem pin (not shown) which is stood on the stem portion 216 and extends in the tube axial (central axis of the side tube) direction is electrically connected.
The light emitting part assembly 220 has an electrical insulating support for the part restricting the discharge path (support) 230 made of ceramics or the like. This support 230 is disposed and fixed so as to overlap the upper surface of the base 222. At the center of the support 230, a circular opening 234 is formed, and this opening is used as an anode housing space 62 for housing the major portion (portion shown in
Furthermore, on the upper surface of the support 230, a conductive plate 236 is disposed in contact with it. This conductive plate 236 is electrically connected to tip end portions of stem pins 238 stood on the stem portion 216. The stem pins 238 and the stem pin connected to the anode 224 are enveloped by electrical insulating tubes 239 made of ceramics so as not to be exposed between the stem portion 216 and the base 222.
In the conductive plate 236, a circular opening 240 smaller than the inner diameter of the opening 234 of the support 230 is formed, and in a state that the conductive plate 236 is fixed onto the support 230, this opening 240 is disposed coaxially with the opening 234 of the support 230.
To the center of the upper surface of the conductive plate 236, for narrowing or restricting the discharge path from the anode 224, a part 228 restricting the discharge path made of a metal is welded and fixed so as to be coaxial with the openings 234 and 240. Therefore, to this part 228 restricting the discharge path, power can be supplied from the outside via the conductive plate 236 and the stem pins 238.
This part 228 restricting the discharge path is substantially equivalent to the part 28 restricting the discharge path of the first embodiment, that is, the part restricting the discharge path clearly shown in
Furthermore, the light emitting part assembly 220 has a disk-shaped support 270 for a discharge shielding part for supporting a discharge shielding part 250 that will be described later. This support 270 for the discharge shielding part is made of an electrical insulating material such as ceramics, and is disposed in contact on the upper surface of the support 230. At the center of the support 270 for the discharge shielding, an opening 272 is formed, and the flange 44 of the part 228 restricting the discharge path enters and is disposed into and the first projecting portion 54 is inserted into the opening 272.
The discharge shielding part 250 is a conductive disk of a metal, and is disposed in contact on the upper surface of the support 270 for the discharge shielding part. At the center of the discharge shielding part 250, an opening 252 is formed, and in an assembled state, this opening 252 is made coaxial with the opening 272 of the support 270 for the discharge shielding part. A total H of the length of the first projecting portion 54 in the longitudinal direction of the part 228 restricting the discharge path and the thickness of the flange 44 is slightly longer than a total T of the thickness of the support 270 for the discharge shielding part and the thickness of the discharge shielding part 250, and in an assembled state, the upper end of the part 228 restricting the discharge path projects by a predetermined projecting amount P preferably not more than 0.5 mm, more preferably approximately 0.3 mm from the upper surface of the discharge shielding part 250 through the opening 252 of the discharge shielding part 250. The projecting amount P is smaller than the length h of the expanded diameter hole 48 of the part 228 restricting the discharge path, and the lower end of the expanded diameter hole 48 is positioned lower than the upper surface of the discharge shielding part 250. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the opening 252 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the first projecting portion 54 of the part 228 restricting the discharge path, and between these, a small gap is formed. Thereby, the discharge shielding part is insulated from the part 228 restricting the discharge path and other portions to which potentials are applied. This gap enables substantial discharge shielding.
The light emitting part assembly 220 has a cathode 256 disposed at a position on the light exit window 218 side deviating from the optical path. This cathode 256 is for generating thermions, and in detail, it is formed by applying electron radiating matter on a tungsten-made coil extended in the tube axis direction. Such a cathode 256 is electrically connected to an external power source via a connecting pin on the tip end of a stem pin (not shown) stood on the stem portion 216, and can be supplied with power from the outside.
Furthermore, the light emitting part assembly 220 has a metal-made front cover 260 and a discharge rectifier plate 258 so as to prevent spatter or evaporated products from the cathode 256 from adhering to the light exit window 218. The front cover 260 is disposed so as to cover the surface on the light exit window 218 side of the discharge shielding part 250 and the cathode 256, and fixed to the discharge shielding part 250. In this front cover 260, at a position corresponding to the opening 252 of the discharge shielding part 250, a light pass-through opening 262 which an ultraviolet ray passes through is formed. The discharge rectifier plate 258 is disposed so as to surround the cathode 256 in conjunction with the cathode 256 side (left in
The gas discharge tube 210 according to the fifth embodiment constructed as described above is different between a head-on type and a side-on type, however, it has substantially the same part 228 restricting the discharge path and discharge shielding part 250 as those of the gas discharge tube 10 of the first embodiment, and has no difference in dimensions and positional relationship of these from the gas discharge tube 10, so that it brings about the same effect of reliably generating starting discharge and reliably generating main discharge. In addition, evaporated products from the anode 224 are reduced, so that stable discharge can be maintained over a long period of time. A formed arc ball is in a stable satisfactory shape, so that the radiation light becomes stable light with high luminance and a sufficient light amount. The operations of the gas discharge tube 110 are the same as those of the gas discharge tube 10 described above, so that description thereof is omitted.
Incidentally, the discharge shielding part 250 in the gas discharge tube 210 of the fifth embodiment is made of a conductive material such as a metal, however, those skilled in the art will easily understand that it may be made of an electrical insulating material such as ceramics, and in this case, the construction shown in
The invention is described in detail above based on the embodiments thereof, however, the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, in the above-described embodiments, the part 28, 228 restricting the discharge path has a flange 44 for supporting this part 28, 228 restricting the discharge path, however, it is also possible that a step is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the part 28, 228 restricting the discharge path and the part restricting the discharge path is supported by using this step, or the part 28, 228 restricting the discharge path may be supported by other shapes and methods.
The structure of the gas discharge tube of the invention is preferably applicable to a deuterium lamp to be used as a light source of a spectroscope or chromatography, etc.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-233725 | Aug 2004 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/014331 | 8/4/2005 | WO | 00 | 1/24/2007 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006/016521 | 2/16/2006 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20070296338 A1 | Dec 2007 | US |
