Claims
- 1. A method for producing infrared radiation, which comprises the steps of:
- (a) forcing a pressurized mixture of combustion gas and air through a multitude distinct channels in a first block of material, each channel is perpendicular to the radiation surface and consists of two sections, the first section having a cross-sectional area smaller than that of the second section such that the velocity of the mixture through said first section is greater than the velocity of the flame propagation in the mixture, the cross-sectional area of the second section being a varying one commencing with that of the first then expanding in bowl-shaped fashion until the section at least substantially makes contact with a second block of material, consisting of a multitude of spaces connected together, into which the mixture is forced to flow, and which combined with said first block forms a burner block assembly;
- (b) allowing said mixture to expand and form a turbulent mixture in said second section of said first block and in said spaces of said second block;
- (c) allowing said turbulent mixture to ignite and burn in said second block of material thereby heating the top surface of said second block to a very high incandescence temperature causing it to produce very efficient infrared radiation.
- 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the material in said second block of porous reticulated structure.
- 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second block comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of: silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the top surface of said material is coated with at least one material selected from the group consisting of: cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, thorium oxide, silicon carbide, metal silicate.
- 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said second block has a porosity in the range of 25-50 ppi, and has a thickness in the range of 2-6 mm.
- 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the second block is coated with a very thin layer of at least one material selected from the group consisting of: silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 7. A method for producing infrared radiation, which comprises steps of:
- (a) forcing a pressurized mixture of combustion gas and air through a multitude of first small distinct channels in a first block of material, each channel is perpendicular to the radiation surface and has a cross-sectional area such that the velocity of the mixture through said channel is greater than the velocity of the flame propagation in the mixture and being extended until it meets with a second small channel in a second block of material containing a multitude of said second channels which are in direct alignment with said first small channels, the cross-sectional area of the second channels being a varying one commencing with that of the first then expanding in bowl-shaped fashion until the second channel makes contact with the top surface of the second block of material, which combined with said first block forms a burner block assembly;
- (b) allowing said mixture to expand and form a turbulent mixture in the bowl-shaped section of said second block;
- (c) allowing said turbulent mixture to ignite and burn in said second block of material thereby heating the top surface of said second block to a very high incandescence temperature causing it to produce very efficient infrared radiation.
- 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second block comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of: silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the top surface of said material is coated with at least one material selected from the group consisting of: cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, thorium oxide, silicon carbide, metal silicate.
- 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second block is coated with a very thin layer of at least one material selected from the group consisting of: silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 11. A burner assembly for gas-fired infrared burners, which comprises:
- (a) means comprising a first block of material having a multitude of small first spaces for transporting and distributing a mixture of combustion gas and air;
- (b) means comprising a second block of material having a multitude of second spaces which are larger than said first spaces for completing said transportation and distribution of said mixture and providing a combustion zone, wherein said mixture can burn and heat the top surface of said second block of material to incandescence such that it will produce very efficient infrared radiation; and
- (c) said first and second blocks of material being combined to form a burner assembly, wherein to effectively serve the functions of transportation and distribution of said mixture on the one hand, and the functions of combustion and resulting radiation on the other hand, in said first and said second blocks respectively, the porosities and thickness of the said material in the first block and in the second block are different, namely, the material in the first block comprises said first spaces expressed as a number of pores per linear inch in the range of 40-70, a percentage apparent porosity in the range of 75-95%, and a thickness commensurate with said number of pores per linear inch and said percentage apparent porosity so that the velocity of said mixture through said first block is greater than the velocity of flame propagation of the mixture through the first block when the mixture is ignited; and the said material in the second block comprises said second spaces expressed as pores per linear inch of less than 15, a percentage apparent porosity in the range of 75-95%, and a thickness less than about 2 pores, so that most of the combustion of said mixture takes place in said second block to thereby concentrate, reverberate and enhance the energy level, maximize the gas temperature and attain a very high level of radiation.
- 12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein at least said top surface is coated with at least one material selected from the group consisting of cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, thorium oxide, silicon carbide, a metal silicate.
- 13. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the thermal conductivity of said first block is less than that of said second block.
- 14. The assembly of claim 11 wherein the emissivity of at least the top surface of the second block is greater than that of the first block.
- 15. A burner assembly for gas-fired infrared burners, which comprises:
- (a) means comprising a first block of material having a multitude of small first spaces for transporting and distributing a mixture of combustion gas and air;
- (b) means comprising a second block of material having a multitude of second spaces which are larger than said first spaces for completing said transportation and distribution of said mixture and providing a combustion zone, wherein said mixture can burn and heat the top surface of said second block of material to incandescence such that it will produce very efficient infrared radiation; and
- (c) said first and second blocks of material being combined to form a burner assembly, wherein at least said top surface of said second block is coated with at least one material selected from the group consisting of cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, thorium oxide, silicon carbide and a metal silicate.
- 16. A burner assembly for gas-fired infrared burners, which comprises:
- (a) means comprising a first block of material having a multitude of small first spaces for transporting and distributing a mixture of combustion gas and air;
- (b) means comprising a second block of material having a multitude of second spaces which are larger than said first spaces for completing said transportation and distribution of said mixture and providing a combustion zone, wherein said mixture can burn and heat the top surface of said second block of material to incandescence such that it will produce very efficient infrared radiation; and
- (c) said first and second blocks of material being combined to form a burner assembly, wherein the second block is coated with a very thin layer of at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 17. A burner assembly for gas-fired infrared burners, which comprises:
- (a) means comprising a first block of material having a multitude of small first spaces for transporting and distributing a mixture of combustion gas and air;
- (b) means comprising a second block of material having a multitude of second spaces which are larger than said first spaces for completing said transportation and distribution of said mixture and providing a combustion zone, wherein said mixture can burn and heat the top surface of said second block of material to incandescence such that it will produce very efficient infrared radiation; and
- (c) said first and second blocks of material being combined to form a burner assembly, and a reverberation layer of material on said second block material, consisting of a multitude of small spaces connected together, which has a low heat capacity and a radiant surface area of relatively high emissivity.
- 18. The assembly of claim 17, wherein said material consisting of a multitude of small spaces is a material of a porous reticulated structure.
- 19. The assembly of claim 17 wherein the first block comprises material having between 25 and 50 ppi and has a thickness of between 10 and 15 mm, the second block comprises material having between 80 and 90 ppi and a thickness of between 5 and 10 mm, and the reverberation layer comprises material having less than 15 ppi and a thickness of between 2 and 6 mm.
- 20. The assembly of claim 19 wherein at least all of the surfaces of the reverberation layer, and the top surface of the second block are coated with a very thin layer of at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 21. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the first block has a porosity in the range of 60-85 ppi and a thickness in the range of 10-20 mm, the second block has a porosity in the range of 25-50 ppi and a thickness in the range of 2-6 mm, and said reverberation layer has a porosity in the range of 5-10 ppi, and has a thickness in the range of 2-6 mm.
- 22. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the reverberation layer comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 23. The assembly of claim 17, wherein said material in said first block comprises spaces expressed as a number of pores per linear inch in the range of 40-70, a percentage apparent porosity in the range of 75-95%, and has a thickness commensurate with said number of pores per linear inch value and said percentage apparent porosity so that the velocity of said mixture through said first block is greater than the velocity of flame propagation of the mixture through the first block when the mixture is ignited; said material in said second block comprises spaces expressed as a number of pores per linear inch of less than 15, has a percentage apparent porosity in the range of 75-95% and a thickness of less than about 2 pores, so that most of the combustion of said mixture takes place in said second block; and said reverberation layer material comprises spaces expressed as a number of pores per linear inch of about 10, has a percentage apparent porosity in the range of 80-95% and a thickness of about 0.32 cm., so as to concentrate, reverberate and enhance the energy level, maximize the gas temperature and attain a very high level of radiation.
- 24. The assembly of claim 19, wherein at least the top surface of the assembly is coated with at least one material selected from the group consisting of cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, thorium oxide, silicon carbide, a metal silicate.
- 25. The assembly of claim 19, wherein at least the reverberation layer is coated with a very thin layer of at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 26. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the first block comprises material having between 40 and 85 ppi and has a thickness of between 10 and 20 mm, the second block comprises material having between 25 and 50 ppi and a thickness of between 2 and 6 mm, and the reverberation layer comprises material having less than 15 ppi and a thickness of between 2 and 6 mm.
- 27. The assembly of claim 26 wherein at least all of the surfaces of the reverberation layer, and the top surface of the second block are coated with a very thin layer of at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 28. A method for producing infrared radiation, which comprises the steps of:
- (a) forcing a pressurized mixture of combustion gas and air through a multitude of small first spaces connected together in a first block of material at a velocity which is greater than the velocity of the flame propagation in the mixture, into a second block of material, which, while containing a multitude of spaces connected together which are larger than those of the first spaces, is combined with said first block to form a composite burner block assembly;
- (b) allowing said mixture to expand and form a turbulent mixture in said second block;
- (c) allowing said turbulent mixture to ignite and burn, thereby heating the top surface of said second block to a very high incandescence temperature and causing it to produce very efficient infrared radiation, wherein at least the top surface of said material is coated with at least one material selected from the group consisting of cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, chromium oxide, thorium oxide, silicon carbide and a metal silicate.
- 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the second block comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 30. A method for producing infrared radiation, which comprises the steps of:
- (a) forcing a pressurized mixture of combustion gas and air through a multitude of small first spaces connected together in a first block of material at a velocity which is greater than the velocity of the flame propagation in the mixture, into a second block of material, which, while containing a multitude of spaces connected together which are larger than those of the first spaces, is combined with said first block to from a composite burner block assembly;
- (b) allowing said mixture to expand and form a turbulent mixture in said second block;
- (c) allowing said turbulent mixture to ignite and burn, thereby heating the top surface of said second block to a very high incandescence temperature and causing it to produce very efficient infrared radiation, wherein at least the outer surface of the second block is coated with a very thin layer of at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 31. The method as in claim 30, wherein the second block comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- 32. A method for producing infrared radiation, which comprises the steps of:
- (a) forcing a pressurized mixture of combustion gas and air through a multitude of small first spaces connected together in a first block of material at a velocity which is greater than the velocity of the flame propagation in the mixture, into a second block material, which, while containing a multitude of spaces connected together which are larger than those of the first spaces, is combined with said first block to form a composite burner block assembly;
- (b) allowing said mixture to expand and form a turbulent mixture in said second block;
- (c) allowing said turbulent mixture to ignite and burn, thereby heating the top surface of said second block to a very high incandescence temperature and causing it to produce very efficient infrared radiation, wherein said first block has a porosity in the range of 60-85 ppi, and has a thickness in the range of 10-20 mm; and said second block has a porosity less than 15 of ppi, and has a thickness in the range of 2-6 mm.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
603136 |
Jun 1989 |
CAX |
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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/625,752, filed Dec. 10, 1990, abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/538,376, filed Jun. 14, 1990, filed as PCT/US88/02085, Jun. 17, 1988, now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (16)
Foreign Referenced Citations (3)
Number |
Date |
Country |
248062 |
Jul 1966 |
AUX |
1303596 |
May 1972 |
DEX |
479347 |
Mar 1972 |
JPX |
Continuations (2)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
625752 |
Dec 1990 |
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Parent |
538376 |
Jun 1990 |
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