Claims
- 1. Fluidized bed apparatus comprising:
- a hollow cylindrical vessel having a vertical cylinder axis and an interior wall surface defining an upper reactor portion of radius R.sub.2 and a lower portion;
- a fluidization grid for receiving a powder bed, said grid extending from said wall surface toward said axis and disposed intermediate said upper reactor portion and said lower portion and separating said upper reactor portion from said lower portion, said fluidization grid having a central opening substantially coaxial with said axis and of a radius r, a first grid portion TC.sub.1, having an upper surface in the shape of a truncated cone and extending radially outwardly and upwardly from said opening and a second grid portion TC.sub.2 having an upper surface in the shape of a truncated cone adjoining said upper surface of said first grid portion and extending radially outwardly and upwardly from said first grid portion TC.sub.1 to said interior wall surface, both said first grid portion TC.sub.1 and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 being coaxial with said vertical axis and being disposed with their truncated apices pointing downwardly;
- the generatrix of the upper surface of said first grid portion TC.sub.1 forming an angle A.sub.1 with a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis, said angle A.sub.1 being from 0.degree. to not greater than 15.degree. and said first grid portion TC.sub.1 having an upper circular base of radius R.sub.1 and an open lower circular base of said radius r;
- the generatrix of the upper surface of said second grid portion TC.sub.2 forming an angle A.sub.2 greater than angle A.sub.1, greater than 10.degree. and such that granules or agglomerates deposited on the second grid portion TC.sub.2 slide by gravity along the second grid portion to the first grid portion TC.sub.1, but not greater than 30.degree. with a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 having an upper circular base of said radius R.sub.2 and a lower circular base of said radius R.sub.1, whereby said first grid portion TC.sub.1 extends from said central opening to said second grid portion TC.sub.2 and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 extends from said first grid portion TC.sub.1 to said interior wall surface;
- a discharge pipe extending from exteriorly of said vessel and from below said fluidization grid to said central opening in said fluidization grid;
- a discharge chamber exteriorly of said vessel interconnected with said discharge pipe by a full-flow, rapid opening valve, said discharge chamber having a volume (V); and
- wherein said radius R.sub.1 is greater than said radius r, the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to (V).sup.1/3 is not greater than 0.8 and the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to said radius R.sub.2 is at least equal to 0.2 but not greater than 0.8.
- 2. Fluidised bed apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that a gas feed tube leads into the discharge pipe at a point situated above and in the immediate vicinity of the full-flow rapid opening valve.
- 3. Fluidised bed apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the angle A.sub.2 is lower than or equal to 25.degree..
- 4. A fluidised bed apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of R.sub.1 to R.sub.2 is equal or greater than 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.6.
- 5. Fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to (V).sup.1/3 is at least equal to 0.4 but not greater than 0.7.
- 6. In a process for fluidizing a powder in fluidized bed, providing apparatus comprising:
- a hollow cylindrical vessel having a vertical cylinder axis and an interior wall surface defining an upper reactor portion of radius R.sub.2 and a lower portion;
- a fluidization grid extending from said wall surface toward said axis and disposed intermediate said upper reactor portion and said lower portion and separating said upper reactor portion from said lower portion, said fluidization grid having a bed of powder to be fluidized on said fluidization grid, and having a central opening substantially coaxial with said axis and of a radius r, a first grid portion TC.sub.1 having an upper surface in the shape of a truncated cone and extending radially outwardly and upwardly from said opening and a second grid portion TC.sub.2 having an upper surface in the shape of a truncated cone adjoining said upper surface of said first grid portion TC.sub.1 and extending radially outwardly and upwardly from said first grid portion TC.sub.1 to said interior wall surface, both said first grid portion TC.sub.1 and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 being coaxial with said vertical axis and being disposed with their truncated apices pointing downwardly;
- the generatrix of the upper surface of said first grid portion TC.sub.1 forming an angle A.sub.1 with a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis, said angle A.sub.1 being from 0.degree. to not greater than 15.degree. and said first grid portion TC.sub.1 having an upper circular base of radius R.sub.1 and an open lower circular base of said radius r;
- the generatrix of the upper surface of said second grid portion TC.sub.2 forming an angle A.sub.2 greater than angle A.sub.1, greater than 10.degree. and at least equal to the angle which will cause granules or agglomerates deposited on said second grid portion TC.sub.2 to slide by gravity along the second grid portion to the first grid portion TC.sub.1, but not greater than 30.degree. with a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 having an upper circular base of said radius R.sub.2 and a lower circular base of said radius R.sub.1, whereby said first grid portion TC.sub.1 extends from said central opening to said second grid portion TC.sub.2 and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 extends from said first grid portion TC.sub.1 to said interior wall surface;
- a discharge pipe extending from exteriorly of said vessel and from below said fluidization grid to said central opening in said fluidization grid;
- a discharge chamber exteriorly of said vessel interconected with said discharge pipe by a full-flow, rapid opening valve, said discharge chamber having a volume (V); and
- wherein said radius R.sub.1 is greater than said radius r, the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to (V).sup.1/3 is not greater than 0.8 and the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to said radius R.sub.2 is at least equal to 0.2 but not greater than 0.8,
- said process comprising supplying a fluidizing gas under pressure to said lower part of said vessel and providing a pressure in said bed of powder which is at least five times the pressure in said discharge chamber.
- 7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the pressure in said bed of powder is at least 5 times the pressure in said discharge chamber.
- 8. A process according to claim 7 wherein the pressure in said bed of powder is from 10 to 25 times the pressure in said discharge chamber.
- 9. A process according to claim 6 wherein said powder is coal.
- 10. A process according to claim 6 wherein said powder comprises a catalyst for the polymerization or copolymerization in the gas phase of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and wherein said fluidizing gas contains and ethylenically unsatured monomer.
- 11. A process according to claim 6 wherein said powder is a solid substance to be formed into granules.
- 12. Fluidized bed apparatus comprising:
- a hollow cylindrical vessel having a vertical cylinder axis and an interior wall surface defining an upper reactor portion of radius R.sub.2 and a lower portion;
- a fluidization grid for receiving a powder bed, said grid extending from said wall surface toward said axis and disposed intermediate said upper reactor portion and said lower portion and separating said upper reactor portion from said lower portion, said fluidization grid having a central opening substantially coaxial with said axis and said opening having a radius r, a first grid portion TC.sub.1 having an upper surface, each portion of said upper surface having the shape of a truncated cone and said upper surface extending radially outwardly and upwardly from said opening and a second grid portion TC.sub.2 having an upper surface, each portion of the upper surface of said second grid portion having the shape of a truncated cone and said upper surface of said second grid portion adjoining said upper surface of said first grid portion and extending radially outwardly and upwardly from said first grid portion TC.sub.1 to said interior wall surface, both said first grid portion TC.sub.1 and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 being coaxial with said vertical axis and the truncated cone surfaces being disposed with their truncated apices pointing downwardly;
- the generatrices of all portions of the upper surface of said first grid portion TC.sub.1 forming an angle A.sub.1 with a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis, said angle A.sub.1 being at least equal to 0.degree. and not greater than 15.degree., the angle of the generatrix of a portion of said upper surface of said first grid portion radially outwardly and upwardly of said vertical axis from and next to another portion of said upper surface of said first grid portion being at least equal to the angle of the generatrix of said another portion of said upper surface of said first grid portion and said first grid portion TC.sub.1 having an upper circular base of radius R.sub.1 and an open lower circular base of said radius r;
- the generatrices of all portions of the upper surface of said second grid portion TC.sub.2 forming an angle A.sub.2 greater than angle A.sub.1 and greater than 10.degree. and such that granules or agglomerates deposited on the second grid portion slide by gravity along the second grid portion to the first grid portion TC.sub.1, but not greater than 30.degree. with a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis, the angle of the generatrix of a portion of said upper surface of said second grid portion radially outwardly and upwardly of said vertical axis from and next to another portion of said upper surface of said second grid portion being at least equal to the angle of the generatrix of said another portion of said upper surface of said second grid portion and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 having an upper circular base of said radius R.sub.2 and a lower circular base of said radius R.sub.1, whereby said first grid portion TC.sub.1 extends from said central opening to said second grid portion TC.sub.2 and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 extends from said first grid portion TC.sub.1 to said interior wall surface;
- a discharge pipe extending from exteriorly of said vessel and from below said fluidization grid to said central opening in said fluidization grid and a discharge chamber exteriorly of said vessel interconnected with said discharge pipe by a full-flow, rapid opening valve, said discharge chamber having a volume (V); and
- wherein said radius R.sub.1 is greater than said radius r, the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to (V).sup.1/3 is not greater than 0.8 and the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to said radius R.sub.2 is at least equal to 0.2 but not greater than 0.8.
- 13. Fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to (V).sup.1/3 is at least equal to 0.4 but not greater than 0.7.
- 14. Fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the ratio of R.sub.1 to R.sub.2 is equal or greater than 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.6.
- 15. Fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that a gas feed tube leads into the discharge pipe at a point situated above and in the immediate vicinity of the full-flow rapid opening valve.
- 16. Fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 12 characterized in that the angle A.sub.2 is less than or equal to 25.degree..
- 17. Fluidized bed apparatus according to claim 12 wherein both said upper surface of said first grid portion and said upper surface of said second grid portion are rectilinear in cross-section.
- 18. In a process for fluidizing a powder in fluidized bed, providing apparatus comprising:
- a hollow cylindrical vessel having a vertical cylinder axis and an interior wall surface defining an upper reactor portion of radius R.sub.2 and a lower portion;
- a fluidization grid extending from said wall surface toward said axis and disposed intermediate said upper reactor portion and said lower portion and separating said upper reactor portion from said lower portion, said fluidization grid having a bed of powder to be fluidized on said fluidization grid and having a central opening substantially coaxial with said axis and said opening having a radius r, a first grid portion TC.sub.1 having an upper surface, each portion of said upper surface having the shape of a truncated cone and said upper surface extending radially outwardly and upwardly from said opening and a second grid portion TC.sub.2 having an upper surface, each portion of the upper surface of said second grid portion having the shape of a truncated cone and said upper surface of said second grid portion adjoining said upper surface of said first grid portion and extending radially outwardly and upwardly from said first grid portion TC.sub.1 to said interior wall surface, both said first grid portion TC.sub.1 and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 being coaxial with said vertical axis and the truncated cone surfaces being disposed with their truncated apices pointing downwardly;
- the generatrices of all portions of the upper surface of said first grid portion TC.sub.1 forming an angle A.sub.1 with a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis, said angle A.sub.1 being at least equal to 0.degree. to and not greater than 15.degree., the angle of the generatrix of a portion of said upper surface of said first grid portion radially outwardly and upwardly of said vertical axis from and next to another portion of said upper surface of said first grid portion being at least equal to the angle of the generatrix of said another portion of said upper surface of said first grid portion and said first grid portion TC.sub.1 having an upper circular base of radius R.sub.1 and an open lower circular base of said radius r;
- the generatrices of all portions of the upper surface of said second grid portion TC.sub.2 forming an angle A.sub.2 greater than angle A.sub.1, and greater than 10.degree. and such that granules or agglomerates deposited on the second grid portion slide by gravity along the second grid portion to the first grid portion TC.sub.1, but not greater than 30.degree. with a horizontal plane substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis, the angle of the generatrix of a portion of said upper surface of said second grid portion radially outwardly and upwardly of said vertical axis from and next to another portion of said upper surface of said second grid portion being at least equal to the angle of the generatrix of said another portion of said upper surface of said second grid portion and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 having an upper circular base of said radius R.sub.2 and a lower circular base of said radius R.sub.1, whereby said first grid portion TC.sub.1 extends from said central opening to said second grid portion TC.sub.2 and said second grid portion TC.sub.2 extends from said first grid portion TC.sub.1 to said interior wall surface;
- a discharge pipe extending from exteriorly of said vessel and from below said fluidization grid to said central opening in said fluidization grid and a discharge chamber exteriorly of said vessel interconnected with said discharge pipe by a full-flow, rapid opening valve, said discharge chamber having a volume (V); and
- wherein said radius R.sub.1 is greater than said radius r, the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to (V).sup.1/3 is not greater than 0.8 and the ratio of said radius R.sub.1 to said radius R.sub.2 is at least equal to 0.2 but not greater than 0.8;
- said process comprising supplying a fluidizing gas under pressure is said lower part of said vessel.
- 19. A process according to claim 18 which comprises providing a pressure in said bed of powder which is at least five times the pressure in said discharge chamber.
- 20. A process according to claim 19 wherein the pressure in said bed of powder is from 10 to 25 times the pressure in said discharge chamber.
- 21. A process according to claim 18 wherein said powder is coal.
- 22. A process according to claim 18 wherein said powder comprises a catalyst for the polymerization or copolymerization in the gas phase of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and wherein said fluidizing gas contains and ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- 23. A process according to claim 18 wherein said powder is a solid substance to be granulated.
- 24. A process according to claim 18 wherein both said upper surface of said first grid portion and said upper surface of said second grid portion are rectilinear in cross-section.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
85 07180 |
May 1985 |
FRX |
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Parent Case Info
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/157,168, filed Feb. 11, 1988 now abandoned which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 06/862,284, filed May 12, 1986 now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (8)
Foreign Referenced Citations (3)
Number |
Date |
Country |
88655 |
Sep 1983 |
EPX |
11549 |
Mar 1974 |
JPX |
406980 |
Aug 1966 |
CHX |
Continuations (2)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
157168 |
Feb 1988 |
|
Parent |
862284 |
May 1986 |
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