The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a fuel nozzle for a combustion system. More particularly, the disclosure is directed to a gas-only cartridge for pre-mixing fuel and a purge gas for combustion within a combustion chamber of the combustion system.
Gas turbines operate by combusting fuel in a combustion system or a plurality of combustors to create a high-energy combustion gas that passes through a turbine, thereby causing a turbine rotor shaft to rotate. The rotational energy of the rotor shaft may be converted to electrical energy via a generator coupled to the rotor shaft. Each combustor generally includes fuel nozzles that may provide premixing of the fuel and air upstream of the combustion zone, as a means to keep nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions low.
Gaseous fuels, such as natural gas, often are employed as a combustible fluid in gas turbine engines used to generate electricity. In some instances, it may be desirable for the combustion system to be able to combust liquid fuels, such as distillate oil, with no changes to the combustion hardware. A configuration with both gas and liquid fuel capability is called a “dual fuel” combustion system. In a typical configuration, the liquid fuel injection is provided though cartridges that fit in the center of the gas premixing fuel nozzles.
To provide an operator of the gas turbine with the ability to switch between gas-only operation and dual-fuel operation, conventional fuel nozzles may be installed with blank or dummy cartridges that may be easily replaced with liquid fuel cartridges. These blank cartridges, which are used for gas-only operation, merely fill the space in the center of the fuel nozzle that may eventually be occupied by a liquid fuel cartridge. The blank cartridges are typically purged with air to cool the tips of the cartridges, which face the combustion zone, to keep the tips at an acceptable temperature.
A large portion of gas turbine operators rely primarily on the combustion of gaseous fuels and employ the gas only configuration of the combustion system. During operation the combustion system directs purge flow through or around a tip portion of the blank cartridge. While this purge flow is generally a small fraction of the total flow through the combustor, the purge flow does not participate in the fuel/air premixing prior to combustion and, thus, does not contribute to a reduction in NOx emissions. It is generally desirable and often required by regulations to keep gas turbine NOx emissions at the lowest achievable level.
Aspects and advantages are set forth below in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice.
One embodiment of the present disclosure is a gas-only cartridge for a fuel nozzle. The gas-only cartridge includes a flange that defines a plurality of apertures for receiving a gaseous fuel. An outer tube is coupled to the flange and extends axially outwardly from the flange. An inner tube extends axially within the outer tube such that the inner tube and the outer tube define a fuel passage radially therebetween. The fuel passage is in fluid communication with the plurality of apertures of the flange. A fuel distribution tip is disposed at a downstream end of the gas-only cartridge. The fuel distribution tip defines a plurality of fuel ports circumferentially spaced along and annularly arranged about an outer surface of the fuel distribution tip. The fuel ports are in fluid communication with the fuel passage.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a fuel nozzle. The fuel nozzle includes a center body and a tip body disposed at a downstream end of the center body. The tip body defines an opening that extends axially through the tip body and includes a plurality of channels circumferentially spaced and position along an inner surface of the tip body within the opening. Each channel defines a flow passage through an upstream surface and a downstream surface of the tip body. A gas-only cartridge extends axially within the center body. The gas-only cartridge includes an outer tube, an inner tube that extends axially within the outer tube fuel and a fuel passage defined radially therebetween. The outer tube and the centerbody define a secondary premix air passage therebetween. The gas-only cartridge further comprises a fuel distribution tip that extends at least partially through the opening of the tip body. The fuel distribution tip includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced fuel ports in fluid communication with the fuel passage. Each fuel port is in fluid communication with a respective channel of the tip body and each channel is in fluid communication with the secondary premix air passage.
Another embodiment includes an end cover that is coupled to an outer casing and a fuel nozzle having a base portion coupled to one side of the end cover. The fuel nozzle comprises a center body that is coupled to and coaxially aligned with the base portion. A tip body is disposed at a downstream end of the center body. The tip body defines an opening that extends axially through the tip body and includes a plurality of channels circumferentially spaced and position along an inner surface of the tip body within the opening. Each channel defines a flow passage through an upstream surface and a downstream surface of the tip body. A gas-only cartridge extends axially within the center body. The gas-only cartridge includes an outer tube, an inner tube that extends axially within the outer tube fuel and a fuel passage defined radially therebetween. The outer tube and the centerbody define a secondary premix air passage therebetween. The gas-only cartridge further comprises a fuel distribution tip that extends at least partially through the opening of the tip body. The fuel distribution tip includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced fuel ports in fluid communication with the fuel passage. Each fuel port is in fluid communication with a respective channel of the tip body and each channel is in fluid communication with the secondary premix air passage.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will better appreciate the features and aspects of such embodiments, and others, upon review of the specification.
A full and enabling disclosure of the of various embodiments, including the best mode thereof to one skilled in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
Reference will now be made in detail to present embodiments of the disclosure, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description uses numerical and letter designations to refer to features in the drawings. Like or similar designations in the drawings and description have been used to refer to like or similar parts of the disclosure.
As used herein, the terms “first”, “second”, and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to signify location or importance of the individual components. The terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to the relative direction with respect to fluid flow in a fluid pathway. For example, “upstream” refers to the direction from which the fluid flows, and “downstream” refers to the direction to which the fluid flows. The term “radially” refers to the relative direction that is substantially perpendicular to an axial centerline of a particular component, and the term “axially” refers to the relative direction that is substantially parallel and/or coaxially aligned to an axial centerline of a particular component.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Each example is provided by way of explanation, not limitation. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described generally in the context of a fuel nozzle for a land based power generating gas turbine combustor for purposes of illustration, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to any style or type of combustor for a turbomachine and are not limited to combustors or combustion systems for land based power generating gas turbines unless specifically recited in the claims.
Referring now to the drawings,
During operation, air 26 flows through the inlet section 12 and into the compressor 14 where the air 26 is progressively compressed, thus providing compressed air 28 to the combustor 18. Fuel 30 from a fuel supply 32 is injected into the combustor 18, mixed with a portion of the compressed air 28 and burned to produce combustion gases 34. The combustion gases 34 flow from the combustor 18 into the turbine 20, wherein energy (kinetic and/or thermal) is transferred from the combustion gases 34 to rotor blades (not shown), thus causing shaft 24 to rotate. The mechanical rotational energy may then be used for various purposes such as to power the compressor 14 and/or to generate electricity. The combustion gases 34 exiting the turbine 20 may then be exhausted from the gas turbine 10 via the exhaust section 22.
As shown in
In various embodiments, as shown in
An upstream end portion 116 of the outer sleeve 108 may at least partially define an inlet 118 to the primary premix air passage 112 and a downstream end portion 120 of the outer sleeve 108 may at least partially define an outlet 122 of the primary premix air passage 112. In at least one embodiment, the inlet 118 is in fluid communication with the head end 42 (
In one embodiment, an inner sleeve 124 may extend axially within the base portion 104 and/or at least a portion of the center body 106 and may at least partially surround a portion of the gas-only cartridge 102. The inner sleeve 124 may at least partially define a fuel circuit or passage 126 for providing fuel to a plurality of fuel ports 128 disposed/defined along one or more of the turning vanes 110. The fuel circuit 126 may be in fluid communication with one or more fuel circuits 130 defined in the end cover 40. The fuel ports 128 are in fluid communication with the primary premix air passage 112. In one embodiment, the fuel circuit 126 may be at least partially defined between a portion of the gas-only cartridge 102 and the inner sleeve 124.
In various embodiments, a tip body 132 is disposed at and/or defines a downstream end 134 of the center body 106.
In various embodiments, as shown in
The channels 146 may have the same cross sectional shape or may have different cross sectional shapes. In one embodiment, as shown in
As shown in
In various embodiments, as shown in
In various embodiments, as shown in
In one embodiment, as shown in
A second portion of compressed air 206 may be routed into the secondary premix air passage 156. In particular embodiments, the second portion of compressed air 206 is routed from the primary premix air passage 112 through one or more passages or holes defined in and/or by the center body 106 and into the secondary premix air passage 156. As shown in
As shown in
In particular embodiments, a purge or cooling medium 212 such as compressed air flows into and through the air passage 162. The purge medium 212 exits the air passage 162 via the aperture 174 or a plurality of apertures 174, thereby cooling a downstream surface of the fuel distribution tip 142 of the gas-only cartridge 102. In particular embodiments, a portion of the second portion of compressed air 206 may be routed through the cooling passages 147 (
The fuel nozzle 100, particularly the gas-only cartridge 102 as described herein provides various technical benefits over existing dual fuel type fuel nozzles 100. The gas-only cartridge 102 replaces the existing blank or purge air only cartridges with a premixed fuel injection design. The gas-only cartridge 102 as described herein premixes the air 206 with the gaseous fuel 208, thereby improving emissions output without sacrificing durability. Additionally, the separate fuel/air premixing provided by the gas only cartridge 102 may enhance flame stability and improve operability by reducing the tendency for lean blowout and decreasing combustion thermo-acoustic instabilities, also known as dynamics. The gas-only cartridge 102 as described herein maintains adequate cooling of the tip body 132 may be retrofitted into existing combustors with minimal changes and is compatible for a dual fuel application in that the gas-only cartridge 102 may be removed and replaced with a liquid cartridge.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
This invention was made with government support under Contract No. DE-FC26-05NT42643 awarded by the Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in the invention.
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