Patent Application
20170007859
The invention relates to a gas pressure reducer, also called gas regulator, which comprises an electrically-powered master system.
A gas pressure reducer as known before the present invention commonly comprises:
The mobile element comprises a surface portion which is sensitive to the pressure which exists at the low pressure gas outlet, so as to produce a pressure force. When operating, this pressure force drives the mobile element out of the rest position when it becomes higher than the return force. The value of the return force thus determines the gas pressure at the low pressure gas outlet when no saturation occurs, in particular when no excessive gas leak occurs downstream the reducer. This gas pressure determined by the return force is commonly called reference pressure value. Such gas pressure reducer is known for example from WO 2007/054122, in particular
It is also known completing such gas pressure reducer with an electrically-powered master system which is arranged for acting on the biasing element so as to vary the return force. The reference pressure value can thus be varied either by an operator or automatically, according to an open-loop or closed-loop control mode.
But an issue appears when electrical failure occurs, due to the master system being electrically powered. Indeed, a stop in the operation of the master system due to the electrical failure may inhibit the operation of the whole gas pressure reducer, and even of an entire gas delivery system which includes the gas pressure reducer. Such operation failure may be unacceptable for some applications of the system, in particular applications to aircrafts where operation continuation is a major issue.
In addition, some applications require gas delivery systems which can be easily controlled for producing a desired pressure value or a desired flow value at output. Such value control may be requested to be implemented remotely, without direct access to the gas pressure reducer for an operator.
Then objects of the present invention consist in providing a new gas pressure reducer which solves at least one of these issues, or provides improvement over known devices.
For meeting these objects or others, a first aspect of the invention proposes a gas pressure reducer with components and operation as indicated above, including the electrically-powered master system. According to the invention, the master system is arranged so that when it is no longer electrically supplied, the mobile element is continually driven by the pressure force with respect to a last value of the return force which was existing just before the electrical supply of the master system has stopped. So, the operation where the return force remains constant forms a secure operation mode, which is efficient upon electrical failure. In addition such secure operation is automatically effective upon occurrence of an electrical failure without any action from an operator or any external actuator, and whatever the actual value of the return force.
Furthermore, the master system allows varying easily the pressure at the gas outlet. Indeed, the master system sets the reference value for the pressure at this gas outlet, and the valve driven by the mobile element due to the pressure force regulates the pressure which actually exists at the gas outlet to this reference value.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, the master system may be arranged for moving at least part of the biasing element when being electrically supplied, and this biasing element part remains in a constant position whatever the pressure force once the master system has stopped being electrically supplied. This constant position of the biasing element part since the stop of the electrical supply is that produced last by the master system. More preferably, the master system may be arranged so that the biasing element is unable of transmitting motion back to the master system. Such motion transmission is said to be irreversible.
In possible embodiments, the master system may comprise a motor designed for producing a rotation when this motor is electrically supplied, and also an intermediate transmission system which is adapted for converting the rotation produced by the motor into a change in the position of the biasing element part. In particular, the motor may be of a piezoelectric type. In case of electrical failure, the motor position remains constant and the valve operates continually for controlling the output pressure based on the reference value as set by the motor position.
Various embodiments of the invention may also combine advantageously one or several among the following improvements:
A second aspect of the invention proposes a gas delivery system which comprises at least one gas pressure reducer according to the first invention aspect, and also comprises a high pressure source of gas which is connected to the high pressure gas inlet of the gas pressure reducer, and at least one end-equipment which is connected to the low pressure gas outlet of the gas pressure reducer. In such system, the gas pressure reducer is adapted for regulating the pressure existing at the low pressure gas outlet to a reference pressure value.
Such gas delivery system may be an oxygen delivery system for aircraft, which is suitable for delivering an oxygen-containing gas to at least one end-user within the aircraft, such as a crew member or a passenger. To this end, the high pressure source supplies an oxygen-containing gas, and each end-equipment is one respective end-user equipment. Possibly, when such oxygen delivery system is of decentralized type, it may comprise several end-user equipments connected to the low pressure gas outlet of the gas pressure reducer through respective gas-delivering paths. Each gas-delivering path may comprise a calibrated orifice which is suitable for converting the reference pressure value into a reference flow value for a gas quantity which is delivered at the corresponding end-user equipment. Alternatively, each end-user equipment may be a respective crew mask regulator. For such applications, the reference pressure value may vary as a function of an ambient pressure existing within the aircraft.
Alternatively, the gas delivery system may be a gas management system which is suitable for delivering an oxygen- or hydrogen-containing gas to a fuel cell. For such application, the high pressure source supplies at least one among an oxygen-containing gas or a hydrogen-containing gas.
These and other features of the invention will be now described with reference to the appended figures, which relate to preferred but not-limiting embodiments of the invention.
For clarity sake, element sizes which appear in these figures do not correspond to actual dimensions or dimension ratios. Also, same reference numbers which are indicated in different ones of these figures denote identical elements of elements with identical function. In addition, although some of the figures show the represented elements in detail, the description is limited to those of these elements which are involved in the invention. The other elements, not described, are not directly related to the invention, and their use and implementation is not modified significantly with respect to the knowledge common in the art, or is modified in an obvious extent. Words as “upper”, “lower”, “upwards” or “downwards” used hereafter refer to directions oriented as appearing in the figures.
The following references are common to
The casing 1 and possibly also the mobile element 2 may each be multipart, in particular for machining issues and for assembling of the whole gas pressure reducer.
The pressure value at the gas inlet 1HP may be initially about 200 bars, and the value at the gas outlet 1LP may be between external ambient pressure and 10 bars. Generally, the pressure at the gas inlet 1HP may be any value provided it is higher than the pressure at the gas outlet 1LP. In particular, the invention allows fine pressure regulation at the gas outlet 1LP, including for pressure around 2 mbars (millibar) at the low pressure gas outlet 1LP, even when the pressure at the high pressure gas inlet is around 2000 times higher than the outlet pressure.
In the embodiment described, the diaphragm 4 is connected hermetically to both the casing 1 and the mobile element 2, and forms part of a wall defining the gas flow path within the gas pressure reducer 100. The mobile element 2 may be adapted for sliding within the casing 1 so as to drive the valve 5 into either open position or closed position, or also possibly an intermediate position. The end portion 3a of the biasing element 3 pushes downwards onto the mobile element 2 so that the valve 5 is urged into open position, thereby allowing gas flow from the gas inlet 1HP to the gas outlet 1LP. This state has been denoted rest position for the mobile element 2 in the general part of this description, and may correspond to the mobile element 2 abutting against a stop portion of the casing 1 or against another element provided for this stop function. This rest position is ensured by a return force which is produced by the biasing element 3 onto the mobile element 2. In the embodiment described, this state also corresponds to maximum opening for the valve 5. The arrows near the labels 1HP and 1LP indicates the gas flow direction.
In the particular embodiment of
The gas pressure reducer of
The motor 20 may be of any type, but a piezoelectric motor may be preferred for reduced volume, weight, reliability and energy consumption issues. It is electrically powered.
Elements 22 to 25 convert the rotating motion of the motor shaft 21 into a translation shift of the element 25. The motor shaft 21 drives in rotation the rotating intermediate element 23 due to the pin 22 which extends transversely through both the shaft 21 and the element 23. Because the element 23 is provided with a peripheral thread engaged with a correspond thread of the casing 1, it combines a rotational motion and a translation shift. The opening through the rotating intermediate element 23, which is dedicated to the arrangement of the pin 22, is elongated for not impeding the translation shift. The translation shift is only transmitted to the translating intermediate element 25 through the balls 24. For assembling purpose, the elongated opening in the rotating intermediate element 23 may extend up to the upper end of this element 23. Any other system suitable for converting the rotation of the motor 20 into a translation of the intermediate element 25 may be used alternatively.
The intermediate element 25 serves as a seat for the end part 3b of the biasing element 3. In this way, the translating intermediate element 25 allows changing the length of the spring 3, thereby changing the return force. As a consequence, the reference value for the regulated pressure at the gas outlet 1LP is modified.
When the motor 20 is no longer powered, then the position of the translating intermediate element 25 and the upper end part 3b of the biasing element 3 remains unchanged. But the pressure force goes on causing motion of the mobile element 2 so that the pressure at the gas outlet 1LP is still regulated pneumatically. This regulation is based on the return force which corresponds to the length of the biasing element 3 as existing since the stop of the electrical supply.
The gas pressure reducer 100 may optionally be provided with a position sensor 30, for measuring the instant position of the mobile element 2 along the longitudinal axis A-A. Preferably, the sensor 30 is contactless, possibly of magnetic type, in particular based on Hall effect. Such position sensors are well known and commercially available. They are commonly comprised of a first sensor part 30a to be fixedly incorporated into the mobile element 2, and a second sensor part 30b to be fixedly bounded to the casing 1. Such sensor 30 may be implemented as a built-in test device, suitable for checking the operation of the gas pressure reducer 100 after manufacturing or for in-situ acceptance test.
According to
A major advantage which is provided by using the pressure existing at the gas outlet 1LP as a feedback parameter is to compensate automatically for hysteretic phenomena or effects of variations in the high pressure of the gas supply at the inlet 1HP. Indeed the diaphragm 4, sliding friction and seals possibly implemented in the gas pressure reducer 100 may cause important hysteresis which otherwise would impede accurate regulation of the pressure existing at the gas outlet 1LP. Variations of the high pressure value for the gas supply at the inlet 1HP may also alter the operation, in particular due to action of the high pressure onto the valve 5. Such interfering effects are all compensated for by implementing a closed-loop control mode within the gas pressure reducer 100, whatever the source of the interfering effect.
According to
The Man skilled in the art will understand that gas pressure reducers according to the invention may be advantageously implemented for many applications in various fields, because of the easily-controlled and secure gas delivery which is obtained. Indeed, the control of such regulators is simple and can be adapted to the specifications of each application, without causing significant cost increase. As another application example, gas pressure reducers according to the invention may be used for properly and securely supplying gas to a fuel cell, in particular oxygen- or hydrogen-containing gas. Varying the reference pressure value remotely, without an operator acting physically on the gas pressure reducer itself, is of special interest for such fuel cell application.
One will understand that the invention embodiments which have been described in detail above may be adapted or modified about subsidiary aspects while maintaining at least some of the advantages cited. In particular, the biasing element may be multipart, that is comprised of several individual elements which act all together for producing the return force subject to variations controlled by the master system. In the embodiments described, the diaphragm may be replaced by bellows or a piston, according to equivalent designs which can be implemented without involving inventiveness. Also, the diaphragm may have both functions of producing the return force and sensing the pressure existing at the low pressure gas outlet. In such case, the biasing element and the part of the mobile element which is sensitive to the outlet gas pressure are combined.
Also invention embodiments with the master system being based on irreversible motion transmission systems other than that comprised of the elements 22 to 25 may be implemented alternatively. For example, the master system may be designed for pushing or pulling a tapered wedge perpendicular to the axis A-A, so as to shift the end part 3b of the biasing element 3 parallel to the axis A-A. In such embodiments, the master system may comprise a linear magnetic actuator, also called proportional coil, with actuating direction perpendicular to the motion direction of the mobile element 2. Master systems similar to that comprised of the elements 20 to 25 may also be used instead of such proportional coil.
Generally, and preferably for applications where gas saving is an issue, the rest position of the mobile element may correspond to the closed state of the valve, and the valve is then driven to open state by sufficient decrease in the pressure which actually exists at the low pressure gas outlet.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2014/000372 | 2/26/2014 | WO | 00 |
