The subject matter of the present disclosure broadly relates to the art of gas suspension systems and, more particularly, to a gas suspension system and method capable of venting gas at reduced exhaust pressures.
The subject matter of the present disclosure finds particular application and use in conjunction with suspension systems of wheeled vehicles, and will be shown and described herein with reference thereto. However, it is to be appreciated that the subject matter of the present disclosure is also amenable to other applications and environments, and that the specific uses shown and described herein are merely exemplary. For example, the subject matter of the present disclosure could be used in support structures, height adjusting systems and actuators associated with industrial machinery, components thereof and/or other such equipment. Accordingly, the subject matter of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to use associated with vehicle suspensions.
Gas suspension systems, such as for use on vehicles, for example, are known to provide the capability of adjusting the height and/or alignment (i.e., leveling) of a sprung mass (e.g., a body or chassis of a vehicle) relative to an unsprung mass thereof (e.g., a wheel-engaging member or axle housing of the vehicle). As such, known gas suspension systems commonly transfer pressurized gas into and out of gas spring assemblies, which are operatively connected between the sprung and unsprung masses. In this manner, the gas suspension system can alter or otherwise adjust the height and/or alignment of the sprung mass relative to the unsprung mass.
However, there are certain problems and/or disadvantages associated with the operation of known systems and which, in particular, involve this transfer of pressurized gas through various areas and/or portions of the gas suspension system. More specifically, known gas suspension systems typically include a pressurized gas source (e.g., a compressor), a pressurized gas storage chamber (e.g., a reservoir), one or more gas spring assemblies, and one or more control devices (e.g., valve assemblies) capable of controlling the transfer of pressurized gas between two or more of the other components. As a result of such transfer operations, it is common for a relatively small quantity of relatively high pressure gas to become trapped within pathways, chambers and other volumes within the system. This relatively high pressure gas is typically generated due to an action or operation involving the pressurized gas source and/or the pressurized gas storage chamber, both of which normally operate at significantly increased pressure levels in comparison to the pressure level of the gas spring assemblies.
One difficulty with such residual high-pressure gas is that the same is commonly trapped in, along or otherwise in fluid communication with the exhaust pathway of the gas suspension system. As such, upon initiating an action in which gas is to be exhausted from the system, this relatively high-pressure residual gas reaches the exhaust port of the system and is normally vented to an external pressure (e.g., atmospheric pressure). Due to the increased pressure level thereof relative to that of the gas spring assemblies, the venting of this residual gas can generate noise levels that are significantly increased over those generated by the venting of gas that is at or near spring pressure levels. These increased noise levels are, of course, undesirable and to be avoided in many known gas suspensions systems.
Another difficulty with trapping such relatively-high pressure residual gas within a gas suspension system is that at least the control device that is operative to open and close the exhaust port will be subjected to relatively-high differential pressures (i.e., the pressure difference between that of the residual gas and the external pressure). As such, a larger and more substantial control device is normally used to withstand this relatively-high differential pressure and to increase operational reliability and/or performance of the control device. However, the use of a larger control device is normally associated with increases in size, weight, power consumption and component costs. All of which are normally considered to be undesirable in known gas suspension systems.
As an alternative to simply using a more robust control device, other gas suspension systems are known to use a separate circuit to bleed off any such relatively-high pressure residual gas within the system prior to opening the exhaust control device. One example of such a system is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,726,224. However, the use of a separate bleed-off circuit also has numerous disadvantages. For example, the use of a separate circuit to bleed off this high-pressure residual gas necessitates the use of additional components, such as one or more additional control devices, for example. Typically, such components are significantly smaller than those used for performing the primary exhaust functions. Nonetheless, such arrangements will normally increase component and production costs, and can also result in performance disadvantages.
Accordingly, it is believed desirable to develop a gas suspension system and method of operation that overcomes the forgoing and other problems and disadvantages.
One exemplary method of operating a gas suspension system in accordance with the present novel concept is provided that includes providing a gas suspension system suitable for use between a sprung mass and an unsprung mass. The gas suspension system includes a gas spring assembly that is operatively connected between the sprung and unsprung masses and that contains a quantity of gas having a spring pressure. The gas suspension system also includes a pressurized gas source that is operative to generate pressurized gas and a pressurized gas storage device that is capable of receiving and storing a quantity of gas having a storage pressure. The gas suspension system also includes a transfer pathway that is capable of fluidically communicating with the gas spring assembly, the pressurized gas source and the pressurized gas storage device. The gas suspension system also includes a first control device that is operatively connected along the transfer pathway for selectively controlling pressurized gas transfer into and out of the pressurized gas storage device, and a second control device that is operatively connected along the transfer pathway for selectively controlling pressurized gas transfer into and out of the gas spring assembly. The gas suspension system also includes a third control device that is operatively connected along the transfer pathway for selectively controlling pressurized gas transfer through an exhaust port. The gas suspension system also includes a control system in communication with the pressurized gas source and the first, second and third control devices. The control system is also operative to selectively actuate the pressurized gas source, operative to selectively actuate the first, second and third control devices, and operative to at least determine if conditions exist that are appropriate for venting gas from the gas spring assembly. The method also includes generating a first quantity of gas having the storage pressure, using the pressurized gas source, and transferring the first quantity of gas into the pressurized gas storage device through the transfer pathway such that a second quantity of gas having approximately the storage pressure remains in the transfer pathway. The method further includes determining, using the control system, that a condition exists for venting gas from the gas spring assembly. The method also includes actuating the second control device and thereby placing the second quantity of gas having approximately the storage pressure and the quantity of gas having the spring pressure in fluid communication with one another. The method further includes waiting until the second quantity of gas having approximately the storage pressure and the quantity of gas in the gas spring assembly having the spring pressure have approximately reached an equilibrium pressure that is less than the storage pressure. The method also includes actuating the third control device to place the quantity of gas at the equilibrium pressure in fluid communication with the exhaust port and thereby exhausting at least a portion of the gas at the equilibrium pressure.
Another exemplary method of operating a gas suspension system in accordance with the present novel concept is provided that includes providing a gas suspension system suitable for use on a vehicle having a sprung mass and an unsprung mass. The gas suspension system includes a gas spring assembly that is operatively connected between the sprung and unsprung masses and that contains a quantity of gas having a spring pressure. The gas suspension system also includes a pressurized gas source that is operative to generate pressurized gas and a pressurized gas storage device that is capable of receiving and storing a quantity of gas having a storage pressure. The gas suspension system further includes a transfer pathway that is capable of fluidically communicating with the gas spring assembly, the pressurized gas source and the pressurized gas storage device. The gas suspension assembly also includes a first control device that is in operative communication along the transfer pathway for selectively controlling pressurized gas transfer into and out of the pressurized gas storage device and a second control device that is in operative communication along the transfer pathway for selectively controlling pressurized gas transfer into and out of the gas spring assembly. The gas suspension assembly further includes a control system in communication with the pressurized gas source and the first and second control devices. Additionally, the control system is operative to selectively actuate the pressurized gas source, operative to selectively actuate the first and second control devices, and operative to at least determine if conditions exist that are appropriate for venting gas from the gas spring assembly. The method also includes generating gas having approximately the storage pressure, using the pressurized gas source. The method further includes opening the first control device to place the pressurized gas storage device into fluid communication with the pressurized gas source through the transfer pathway and thereby transfer a first quantity of gas having approximately the storage pressure into the pressurized gas storage device through the transfer pathway. The method also includes closing the first control device to thereby retain the first quantity of pressurized gas in the pressurized gas storage device, and determining using the control system that a condition exists for transferring gas into the gas spring assembly. The method further includes opening the first and second control devices to place the pressurized gas storage device and the gas spring assembly in fluid communication with one another through the transfer pathway and thereby transfer at least a portion of the first quantity of pressurized gas at approximately the storage pressure into the transfer pathway and the gas spring assembly. The method also includes determining using the control system that a sufficient quantity of gas has been transferred to the gas spring assembly, closing the first control device to fluidically disconnect the pressurized gas storage device from the transfer pathway, and waiting for the quantity of gas in the transfer pathway and the quantity of gas in the gas spring assembly to approximately reach an equilibrium pressure approximately equal to the spring pressure. The method further includes closing the second control device such that the gas spring assembly is fluidically disconnected from the transfer pathway and the residual quantity of gas in the transfer pathway has a pressure that is approximately equal to the spring pressure.
One exemplary embodiment of a gas suspension system in accordance with the present novel concept for use between an associated sprung mass and an associated unsprung mass of an associated vehicle is provided that includes a gas spring assembly operatively connected between the associated sprung and unsprung masses. The gas spring assembly contains a first quantity of gas having a spring pressure. A pressurized gas storage device is capable of receiving and storing pressurized gas having a storage pressure, and a pressurized gas source is capable of generating pressurized gas having a pressure of at least the storage pressure. A transfer pathway is capable of fluidically communicating with the gas spring assembly, the pressurized gas source and the pressurized gas storage device. A first control device is in operative communication along the transfer pathway for selectively controlling pressurized gas transfer into and out of the pressurized gas storage device. A second control device is in operative communication along the transfer pathway for selectively controlling pressurized gas transfer into and out of the gas spring assembly. A third control device is in operative communication along the transfer pathway for selectively controlling pressurized gas transfer through an exhaust port. Additionally, a control system is in communication with the pressurized gas source and the first, second and third control devices. The control system is adapted to energize the pressurized gas source and thereby generate a second quantity of gas having at least the storage pressure. The control system is also adapted to actuate the first control device and thereby place the pressurized gas storage device in fluid communication with the pressurized gas source through the transfer pathway such that the second quantity of gas having at least the storage pressure can be received in the pressurized gas storage device. The control system is further adapted to de-energize the pressurized gas source and de-actuate the first control device such that the second quantity of gas can be retained in the pressurized gas storage device with a third quantity of gas having approximately the storage pressure remaining within the transfer pathway. The control system is also adapted to determine that a condition exists for venting a portion of the first quantity of gas at the spring pressure from the gas spring assembly and to actuate the second control device and thereby place the gas spring assembly in fluid communication with the transfer pathway such that the first and third quantities of gas can be fluidically combined. The control system is further adapted to wait a preprogrammed period of time that is sufficient for the first and third quantities of gas to approximately reach an equilibrium pressure that is less than the storage pressure, and to actuate the third control device to place the gas at the equilibrium pressure in fluid communication with the exhaust port and thereby vent at least a portion of the gas at the equilibrium pressure from the gas suspension system.
Turning now to the drawings, wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating exemplary embodiments of the present novel concept and not for the purpose of limiting the same,
A suspension system according to the present novel concept includes a plurality of gas spring assemblies that are supported between the sprung and unsprung masses of the associated vehicle. In the embodiment shown in
Suspension system 100 also includes a pressurized gas system 104 that is operatively associated with the gas spring assemblies for selectively supplying pressurized gas (e.g., air) thereto and selectively transferring pressurized gas therefrom. In the exemplary embodiment shown in
As an example, in the embodiment shown in
It will be appreciated that the suspension system can include control devices, such as valves 114A-G, for example, of any suitable type, kind and/or construction, such as direct-acting solenoid valves or pilot-actuated valves, for example. Additionally, it will be appreciated that the control devices can be used in any suitable combination and/or arrangement, and can be operatively associated between any two or more components or fluidically distinct portions of the pressurized gas system. For example, valve 114A is shown as being in fluid communication between compressor 106 and transfer chamber 112. While it will be recognized that due to the nature of operation of a typical pressurized gas source, such as compressor 106, the use of a control device to isolate the compressor from the transfer passage can normally be avoided. However, in some arrangements, the pressurized gas source could also include an exhaust passage or other feature for which selective fluid communication would be beneficial. As such, valve assembly 108 can optionally include valve 114A.
Rather than including the exhaust passage together with the compressor, gas system 104 can include a separate muffler 116 or other exhaust component in communication with valve assembly 108. In such case, an exhaust valve 114B can be disposed in fluid communication between the muffler and transfer chamber 112 for selectively controlling fluid communication therebetween and thereby selectively controlling the venting of pressurized gas from the suspension system. Additionally, pressurized gas system 104 also includes a pressurized gas storage device, such as a reservoir 118, for example, capable of storing a quantity of gas at a relatively high storage or reservoir pressure, such as at a gas pressure of about 150 psig or greater, for example. In the exemplary embodiment shown in
As discussed above, pressurized gas system 104 is also in fluid communication with gas spring assemblies 102 and can be connected thereto in any suitable manner. For example, valve assembly 108 can be in communication with gas spring assemblies 102 through transfer lines 120-126, each of which can be fluidically connected to an opening or port (not shown) in valve block 110. Additionally, valves 114D-G (or, alternately, valves 114D′-114G′) can be in fluid communication between transfer chamber 112 and transfer lines 120-126, respectively. As such, pressurized gas can be selectively transferred to and/or from the gas spring assemblies through transfer chamber 112 of valve assembly 110 by selectively actuating and de-actuating or otherwise opening and closing valves 114D-G. It will be recognized that such transfers of pressurized gas can be used to alter or maintain vehicle height at one or more corners of the vehicle (e.g., to perform leveling or height changing operations).
As used herein, a transport pathway refers to any volume or combination of volumes within the pressurized gas system that are placed into fluid communication between two components or fluidically distinct portions of the gas system and through which pressurized gas can flow from one component or fluidically distinct portion to the other component or fluidically distinct portion. Thus, the size, configuration or operating envelope of a transport pathway will change from application-to-application, such as for different suspension systems, for example, and will also normally change from operation-to-operation of any given application, such as may depend on which particular components and/or fluidically discrete portions of a given suspension system are used for a given gas transfer action, for example. Additionally, it will be appreciated that as a result of any given transfer of pressurized gas between two components or fluidically discrete portions of the gas system, a quantity of residual pressurized gas will normally remain trapped or otherwise retained within the transfer pathway.
As an example, by opening valves 114A (if provided) and 114C, compressor 106 and reservoir 118 can be placed into fluid communication with one another such that pressurized gas can be transferred into the reservoir from the compressor. It will be recognized that in the present exemplary embodiment such a transfer would occur primarily by way of transfer chamber 112. As such, the transport pathway for this application would primarily include transfer chamber 112, and a quantity of residual gas would normally remain trapped within this exemplary transport pathway. Additionally, it will be further recognized that under such normal conditions of operation the quantity of residual gas will likely have a relatively high pressure level, such as approximately the reservoir pressure, for example.
As another example, by opening valves 114C and 114D, reservoir 118 and gas spring assembly 102 (through transfer line 120) can be placed into fluid communication with one another such that relatively high pressure gas from the reservoir can be transferred into the gas spring assembly. It will be recognized that in the present exemplary embodiment such a transfer will primarily occur through transfer chamber 112 (with transfer line 120 remaining at spring pressure and, thus, being considered part of the gas spring assembly for purposes of this example). As such, the transport pathway for this application would primarily include transfer chamber 112, and the quantity of residual gas that will be trapped within this exemplary transport pathway, under conventional operating conditions, would again have a relatively high pressure level, such as approximately reservoir pressure, for example.
As a further example, by opening valve 114A (if provided) and any combination of valves 114D′-114G′, compressor 106 and gas spring assemblies 102 can be placed into fluid communication with one another such that gas at approximately spring pressure can be transferred into the gas spring assemblies from the compressor. It will be recognized that in the present exemplary embodiment such a transfer would primarily occur through transfer chamber 112 and transfer lines 120-126. As such, the transport pathway associated with this operation would primarily include transfer chamber 112 and the portions of transfer lines 120-126 that are respectively disposed between manifold 110 and valves 114D′-114G′. It will, then, be recognized that under normal operating conditions the quantity of residual gas trapped within this exemplary transport pathway would have a lower relative pressure, such as approximately spring pressure, for example.
In light of the foregoing examples, it is to be understood that the transport pathway can and will vary from application-to-application and from operation-to-operation in any given application, depending on which control devices are being opened/closed and which components are being communicated between. Furthermore, though it may not be apparent from
Suspension system 100 also includes a control system 128 that is capable of communicating with any of one or more other systems and/or components (not shown) of suspension system 100 for selective operation and control thereof. It will be appreciated that control system 128 can be in communication with such one or more systems and/or components in any suitable manner, such as by using directly communicated electrical signals (e.g., via hardwired connections) or communication signals transmitted via a vehicle or system network, for example. Control system 128 includes a controller or electronic control unit (ECU) 130 in communication with compressor 106 and valve assembly 108, such as through a conductor or lead 132, for example, for selective operation and control of the compressor and the valve assembly. In one embodiment, ECU 130 is in communication with each of valves 114A-G for selective operation and control (e.g., opening and closing) thereof. As such, by selectively actuating and de-actuating valves 114A-G, any one or more of the other components or fluidically discrete areas of the pressurized gas system can be placed into fluid communication with transfer chamber 112.
Control system 128 can also optionally include one or more height or distance sensing devices (not shown) as well as any other desired systems and/or components. Such height sensors, if provided, are preferably capable of generating or otherwise outputting a signal having a relation to a height or distance, such as between spaced components of the vehicle, for example. It will be appreciated that such optional height sensors or any other distance-determining devices, if provided, can be of any suitable type, kind, construction and/or configuration, such as mechanical linkage sensors, ultrasonic wave sensors or electromagnetic wave sensors, such as may operate using ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves WVS, for example. Additionally, it will be appreciated that distance-indicating signals output or otherwise generated by such height sensors can be communicated to ECU 130 in any suitable manner, such as through leads 134, for example. Furthermore, control system 128 can include any other suitable sensors or devices as may be known in the art. For example, one or more pressure sensors (not shown) can be included in operative association with any one or more portions of the system for generating signals indicative of gas pressures in those one or more portions of the system.
One example of such a transfer of pressurized gas includes filling or otherwise transferring pressurized gas into a pressurized gas storage device, such as reservoir 118 (
During normal use and operation, the control system of the suspension system will occasionally determine that conditions are appropriate for initiating a leveling action for adjusting the leveled orientation of the sprung mass of the vehicle. Such a determination can be made in any suitable manner as may be known in the art, and is generally indicated by box 208 in
It will be appreciated that the pressure reduction indicated by box 210 can be performed in any suitable manner. As one exemplary series of actions for performing such a pressure reduction, one or more control devices, such as one or more of spring valves 114D-G, for example, can, as indicated by box 212, be actuated or otherwise opened to place the residual high-pressure gas that is trapped or otherwise retained within the transfer pathway into fluid communication with a corresponding one or more of the gas spring assemblies (e.g., gas spring assemblies 102), which are normally at a lower relative gas pressure, such as approximate spring pressure, for example.
Additionally, it may be desirable to wait a predetermined period of time before executing any further actions to allow the high pressure gas within the transfer pathway to at least approximately reach an equilibrium pressure with the pressurized gas in the one or more gas spring assemblies, as indicated by box 214. It will be appreciated that in some cases, the transfer pathway may contain only a very small quantity of residual high-pressure gas that would approximately reach an equilibrium pressure in a substantially short period of time, such as from about 100 milliseconds to about 500 milliseconds, for example. In other situations, however, the transfer pathway may contain a more significant quantity of residual high-pressure gas. In such situations, it may take a more substantial amount of time for an approximately equilibrium pressure to be reached, such as from about 500 milliseconds to about 5000 milliseconds, for example. As such, it will be appreciated that any suitable predetermined waiting period can be used.
Once the pressure level of the residual gas in the transfer pathway has been sufficiently reduced, such as by waiting until the same has approximately reached an equilibrium pressure with the corresponding one or more gas spring assemblies, a control device, such as exhaust valve 114B, for example, can be actuated or otherwise opened, as indicated by box 216. It will be appreciated that this action will permit the pressurized gas to be exhausted or otherwise vented from the system, as indicated by box 218, such as to adjust a leveled condition of the sprung mass of the vehicle, for example. Upon exhausting or otherwise venting pressurized gas to an external atmosphere, it will be appreciated that the pressure within the transfer pathway will be at a relatively low level, such as approximately zero (0) psig, for example. As such, any further exhausting of pressurized gas could be performed without repeating the action of reducing gas pressure within the transfer pathway, such as is presented in box 210, for example.
Eventually, however, the control system of the suspension system will determine that a condition exists to fill or otherwise transfer pressurized gas into or between components of the suspension system, as indicated by box 220 in
Turning, briefly, to
As indicated by line 308 in
Once the pressure level of the quantity of residual gas in the transfer pathway has approximately reached an equilibrium pressure with one or more of the gas spring assemblies, as indicated by point 316, the exhaust valve (e.g., one of valves 114A and 114B) can be actuated or otherwise opened and the now relatively low pressure gas in the transfer pathway, along with any other quantities of gas (e.g., gas from the gas spring assemblies), can be exhausted from the system to the external atmosphere, as indicated by line 318. It will be appreciated that the determination to actuate or otherwise open the spring valve or valves can be made in any suitable manner. As one example, it may be desirable to wait a predetermined period of time, such as is indicated by dimension T1, to permit the quantities of gas to approximately reach an equilibrium pressure. Additionally, it will be appreciated that the pressure level of the gas that is vented to the external atmosphere, which is shown as being approximately equal to spring pressure PSP, is significantly reduced compared to the pressure level of gas in known systems, which is indicated by dashed line 312. This reduction in pressure, which is indicated by dimension DP, results in a significant reduction in noise during the exhaust process. Additionally, other benefits (e.g., reductions in seal degradation) can be achieved without the use of additional components or more robust configuration.
In other fill actions, however, the residual pressurized gas may be at a lower relative pressure level, such as from about 60 to about 120 psig, for example. One example of such a fill action involves transferring pressurized gas from the pressurized gas source (e.g., compressor 106) into one or more of the gas spring assemblies (e.g., gas spring assemblies 102), as indicated by box 222. The resulting relatively low pressure level of the residual pressurized gas, which can be approximately equal to spring pressure PSP as is indicated by box 224, can be exhausted or otherwise vented from the suspension system by attempting to further reduce the gas pressure in the manner discussed above, as indicated by arrow 226. Alternately, as indicated by arrow 228, the residual low-pressure gas could optionally be exhausted or otherwise vented from the system using a different method of operation.
In addition to fill action 204, other known methods of operation will also normally result in the residual pressurized gas within the transfer pathway being at a relatively high pressure level. One example of such a fill action involves transferring pressurized gas from the pressurized gas storage device (e.g., reservoir 118) to one or more of the gas spring assemblies (e.g., gas spring assemblies 102), as indicated by box 230. As previously discussed, however, such fill actions, when performed using conventional and otherwise known methods of operation, will typically result in relatively high pressure residual gas being trapped or otherwise retained in the transfer pathway, as indicated by arrow 232.
As an alternative method of operation, in accordance with another aspect of the present novel concept, method 200 includes preventing the retention of residual gas at relatively high pressure within the transfer pathway, as indicated by box 234, which results in the residual gas within the transfer pathway having a relatively low pressure level (i.e., spring pressure), as indicated by box 236. The resulting relatively low pressure gas can be exhausted or otherwise vented from the suspension system by attempting to further reduce the gas pressure in the manner presented above, as indicated by arrow 238. Alternately, as indicated by arrow 240, the residual low-pressure gas could optionally be exhausted or otherwise vented from the system using a different method of operation.
It will be appreciated that preventing the retention of relatively high pressure residual gas within the transfer pathway, as indicated by box 234, can be accomplished in any suitable manner or method of operation. One example of a method of preventing the retention of relatively high-pressure gas within the transfer pathway during a fill operation that involves the transfer of pressurized gas from a reservoir to one or more gas springs includes closing the associated reservoir valve (e.g., reservoir valve 114C), as indicated by box 242, prior to closing the associated spring valve or valves (e.g., one or more of spring valves 114D-G), as indicated by box 244. In this manner, the residual gas in at least a significant portion of the transfer pathway will equalize at approximately spring pressure rather than at approximate reservoir pressure, as is the case in known systems. Optionally, method 200 can also include waiting a predetermined period of time for the residual gas to approximately reach an equilibrium pressure, as indicated by box 246. As discussed above with regard to box 214, any suitable predetermined period of time can be used, such as from about 100 milliseconds to about 5000 milliseconds, for example, depending upon the volume of pressurized gas within the transfer pathway as well as other suitable factors.
Turning now to
Upon reaching the time to discontinue the fill operation, which is indicated in
In accordance with one aspect of the present novel concept, however, method 200 is operative to prevent the retention of such relatively high-pressure gas and is instead operative to significantly reduce the pressure level of the quantity of residual gas within the transfer pathway. More specifically, the reservoir valve is closed at point 410 to thereby discontinue the transfer of pressurized gas from the reservoir to one or more of the gas springs, as indicated by box 242 in
The determination to close the spring valve or valves can be made in any suitable manner, such as by waiting a predetermined period of time T2, as indicated by box 246 in
As used herein with reference to certain elements, components and/or structures (e.g., “first end member” and “second end member”), numerical ordinals merely denote different singles of a plurality and do not imply any order or sequence unless specifically defined by the claim language. Additionally, the term “gas” is used herein to broadly refer to any gaseous or vaporous fluid. Most commonly, air is used as the working medium of suspension systems and the components thereof, such as those described herein. However, it will be understood that any suitable gaseous fluid could alternately be used.
While the subject novel concept has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments and considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the structures and structural interrelationships between the component parts of the embodiments disclosed, it will be appreciated that other embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the embodiments illustrated and described without departing from the principles of the subject novel concept. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. Accordingly, it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the present novel concept and not as a limitation. As such, it is intended that the subject novel concept be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims and any equivalents thereof.