Patent Application
20170044981
The present invention relates to a gas turbine combustor and a gas turbine provided with the gas turbine combustor.
In gas turbine combustors, combustion gas flowing through the inside thereof can cause the wall temperature to exceed the tolerable temperature of its material. To prevent this, a cooling structure is provided. Many examples of such a cooling structure of a gas turbine combustor are known that employ a method of cooling by passing a cooling medium, such as compressed air or steam, to the wall portion.
One such example is the technology described in Patent Document 1. The technology described is a closed air cooling cycle cooling structure wherein, as illustrated in
The wall portion 101 of the combustor 100 (specifically a wall portion of a combustor basket) is wall cooled by cooling air being supplied to an internally formed cooling air passage. This wall portion 101 is divided into two regions: a downstream wall region Da closer to the turbine, which is cooled by passing the bled pressurized air Ab as cooling air through a cooling air passage 102A from the downstream side to the upstream side of the combustion gas flow F; and an upstream wall region Ua closer to a burner, which is cooled by passing bled compressed air Ac, which is bled from the main flow of the compressed air flowing through a casing inner space, as cooling air through a cooling air passage 102B to an acoustic liner and a damper 103.
Accordingly, a gas turbine combustor including such a closed air cooling cycle cooling structure is capable of effectively utilizing the compressed air supplied from the compressor, performing wall cooling in the combustor 100 on the side closer to the turbine having relatively high temperatures using the bled pressurized air Ab, and performing wall cooling on the side closer to the burner having relatively low temperatures using the bled compressed air Ac.
As a result, the bled pressurized air Ab that cools the downstream wall region Da of the combustor 100 and the bled compressed air Ac that cools the upstream wall region Ua of the combustor 100 are effectively reused as combustion air. This results in a gas turbine combustor including a cooling structure that is capable of reducing the usage amount of bled pressurized air Ab, which needs to be pressurized, and efficiently cooling the wall of the combustor 100.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-77660A
Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-47181A
However, in the closed air cooling cycle cooling structure described in Patent Document 1, the passage structure (i.e. MT fin structure) of the cooling air passage 102A, which the bled pressurized air Ab flows through, from a bled pressurized air inlet hole 104a portion to a bled pressurized air outlet hole 104b portion is uniform despite differences in heat load. Accordingly, as illustrated in
In particular, as illustrated in
Thus, in closed air cooling cycle cooling structures such as that described in Patent Document 1, there is a demand for the application of a passage structure (i.e. MT fin structure) capable of decreasing the metal temperature at locations with high heat load and low fatigue life such as the region near the bled pressurized air outlet hole 104b portion.
Patent Document 2 describes a gas turbine combustor comprising an inlet header disposed on the combustion gas downstream side of a wall portion of a tubular combustor basket for forming the flow of the combustion gas therein; a plurality of cooling passages formed in the wall portion side by side in the flow direction of the combustion gas, the plurality of cooling passages being connected to the inlet header; and a cooling air outlet portion disposed on the wall portion on the combustion gas upstream side, the cooling air outlet portion being connected to the plurality of cooling passages, wherein the cooling passages have a passage structure (i.e. MT fin structure) in which the cooling passages decrease in passage cross-sectional area in the flow direction of the cooling air, or the passage cross-sectional area of the cooling passages is substantially uniform and less cooling passages are disposed on the downstream side of the cooling air than on the upstream side of the cooling air.
Such a configuration allows localized increases in temperature at the wall portion of the gas turbine combustor along the flow direction of the combustion gas to be suppressed by increasing the flow rate of the cooling air flowing downstream through the cooling passage and thus increasing the heat transfer coefficient. In other words, as the cooling air flows downstream, the temperature of the cooling air increases due to heat transfer with the combustion gas. This reduces the difference in temperature between the combustion gas and the cooling air. The resulting decrease in cooling efficiency caused by the increased cooling air temperature is compensated by the increased heat transfer coefficient due to the increased flow rate of the cooling air.
Accordingly, such a cooling structure can be effectively applied to a closed air cooling cycle cooling structure such as that described above to help solve the problems described above.
The present invention has been made in light of such issues and an object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine combustor including a cooling structure designed for optimized cooling performance derived from modifications to the structure of a cooling medium passage and a gas turbine provided with the same.
To achieve such an object, a gas turbine combustor of the present invention comprises a cooling medium inlet portion disposed on a combustion gas downstream side of an annular wall portion, a combustion gas flow being formable inside the wall portion;
a plurality of cooling medium passages connected to the cooling medium inlet portion, the plurality of cooling medium passages being disposed inside the wall portion side by side and aligned in a flow direction of the combustion gas;
a cooling medium outlet portion connected to the plurality of cooling medium passages, the cooling medium outlet portion being disposed on a combustion gas upstream side of the wall portion; wherein
the plurality of cooling medium passages are divided via a passage transition groove portion into upstream cooling medium passages disposed closer to the cooling medium inlet portion and downstream cooling medium passages disposed closer to the cooling medium outlet portion; and
center lines of the upstream cooling medium passages are non-collinear with center lines of the downstream cooling medium passages.
Additionally, the center lines of the upstream cooling medium passages and the center lines of the downstream cooling medium passages have a uniform pitch.
Additionally, the upstream cooling medium passages and the downstream cooling medium passages have identical passage widths, and
each of the center lines of the downstream cooling medium passages is collinear with a midline equidistant from the center lines of adjacent upstream cooling medium passages.
To achieve such an object, a gas turbine of the present invention comprises the gas turbine combustor according to any one of the above;
a compressor that supplies compressed air to the combustor; and
a turbine that is driven in rotation by combustion gas from the combustor.
The gas turbine combustor according to the present invention utilizes the collision and separation of the cooling medium at the passage transition groove portion to the greatest extent and effectively increases the heat transfer coefficient, thus achieving cooling performance optimization. This allows cooling to be possible with a low cooling medium flow rate or a low pressure loss and improves cycle performance.
The gas turbine according to the present invention is a highly efficient gas turbine including the gas turbine combustor described above. By virtue of the gas turbine combustor, the combustion temperature and the turbine inlet temperature can be increased.
Hereinafter, embodiments of a gas turbine combustor and a gas turbine provided with the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As illustrated in
The compressor 10 compresses air In taken in from the atmosphere. The main flow of this compressed air is supplied to the combustor 11 through a compressed air supply passage 13. The combustor 11 combusts fuel Fu using the compressed air compressed at the compressor 10 to produce high-temperature high-pressure combustion gas. This combustion gas is supplied to the turbine 12. The turbine 12 includes a plurality of vanes and blades alternately disposed inside the turbine casing. In the turbine 12, the combustion gas passes through the plurality the vanes and blades and rotates a rotor to which the blades are attached, which generates driving force for the generator Ge and discharges exhaust gas Ex from the turbine 12.
The gas turbine GT described above also includes a pressurizing device 14. The pressurizing device 14 bleeds a portion of the compressed air compressed at the compressor 10 to pressurize the compressed air to a higher pressure. The pressurizing device 14 is provided on a branched passage 15 and is driven by an electric motor M. The branched passage 15 branches from the compressed air supply passage 13 partway along and bleeds a portion of the compressed air.
The bled pressurized air pressurized at the pressurizing device 14 is supplied to the combustor 11 through a pressurized air passage 16 and is used as cooling air for cooling the wall of the combustor 11. The bled pressurized air used to cool the wall of the combustor 11 as such is then returned to the compressed air supply passage 13 through a return passage 17 where the returned bled pressurized air merges with the main flow of the compressed air flowing through the compressed air supply passage 13. Thereafter, the bled pressurized air is reused as combustion air for the combustion of fuel Fu at the combustor 11.
In such a manner, the gas turbine GT described above includes a recovery type air cooling structure, i.e. a closed air cooling cycle cooling structure in which the compressed air supplied from the compressor 10 is bled from the upstream side of the combustor 11 and pressurized, this bled pressurized air is used as cooling air for the combustor wall, and thereafter this bled pressurized air is recovered and reused as combustion air for the combustion of the fuel in the combustor 11 together with the main flow of the compressed air.
The combustor 11 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and, for example, as illustrated in
The combustor 11 includes a combustor basket 20, a transition piece 21, and an acoustic liner and damper 22. A combustion burner 23 is disposed inside the combustor basket 20. The combustion burner 23 includes a pilot burner 24 centrally disposed, and a plurality of main burners 25 disposed to surround the periphery of the pilot burner 24. Note that the casing inner space 19 in the casing 18 in which the combustor 11 is disposed is filled with the compressed air compressed at and introduced from the compressor 10.
The compressed air introduced into the casing inner space 19 flows in from an upstream portion of the combustor 11 (the side closer to the combustion burner 23) into the combustor basket 20 where the compressed air mixes with the fuel supplied from the combustion burner 23 and combusts. The high-temperature high-pressure combustion gas produced by this combustion is supplied downstream through the transition piece 21 to the turbine 12.
This combustor 11 of the gas turbine GT, as illustrated in
In the example illustrated in the drawings, the wall portion 26 forming the transition piece 21 in the downstream wall region Da has a double wall structure including an inner wall 26a and an outer wall 26b that are brazed together. When joined together, the inner wall 26a and grooves formed in the outer wall 26b, which is the thicker of the two, extending in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) of the combustor 11 form the cooling air passages 27A described above. The cooling air passages 27A are disposed proximate to each other, side by side in the circumferential direction of the combustor 11.
Additionally, in the downstream wall region Da, the bled pressurized air Ab introduced from the region near a rear end portion of the transition piece 21 flows through the cooling air passages 27A and exits into the casing inner space 19 from the region near an end portion of the acoustic liner and damper 22 closer to the turbine 12. Specifically, the bled pressurized air Ab flows through the pressurized air passage 16 and is introduced into a manifold 29 disposed in the region near the rear end portion of the transition piece 21. A bled pressurized air inlet hole (cooling medium inlet portion) 30a is provided on the inner side of the manifold 29 for each of the passages. The bled pressurized air inlet holes 30a correspond to inlet apertures of the cooling air passages 27A in the wall portion 26 through which the bled pressurized air Ab flows.
Bled pressurized air outlet holes (cooling medium outlet portions) 30b corresponding to outlet apertures of the cooling air passages 27A open to the turbine 12 side of the acoustic liner and damper 22 at a region near the end portion closer to the turbine 12 of the acoustic liner and damper 22. Accordingly, the bled pressurized air Ab introduced from the bled pressurized air inlet holes 30a inside the manifold 29 flows through the cooling air passages 27A toward the acoustic liner and damper 22 and cools the wall portion 26. The bled pressurized air Ab, with its temperature now increased, exits into the casing inner space 19 from the bled pressurized air outlet holes 30b. The high temperature bled pressurized air Ab that has exited into the casing inner space 19 merges with the compressed air filling the casing inner space 19 and is reused as combustion air.
In the upstream wall region Ua, the compressed air inside the casing inner space 19 is bled from the region near the end portion of the acoustic liner and damper 22 closer to the turbine 12 and the region near the end portion closer to the burner 23. This bled compressed air Ac flows through the cooling air passages 27B and exits into a liner portion of the acoustic liner and damper 22. In other words, after the bled compressed air Ac flows through the cooling air passages 27B, cools the wall portion 26 at the region near the acoustic liner and damper 22, increases in temperature, and exits into the liner portion of the acoustic liner and damper 22, the bled compressed air Ac exits into a combustion chamber 32 of the combustor 11 and is used in combustion.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, as illustrated in
Additionally, the MT fin inlet end portions 34 of the downstream cooling air passages 27A2 are provided with sharp edges 34a so that at the inlet portion of the downstream cooling air passages 27A2, active separation of the bled pressurized air occurs (see the region denoted by reference sign 35 in the drawings).
Such a configuration allows wall cooling using the bled pressurized air to be performed at the downstream wall region Da by the collision and separation of the cooling air and wall cooling using the bled compressed air to be performed at the upstream wall region Ua. Thus, wall cooling using the bled pressurized air in a comparatively low temperature state can be performed at the side (downstream wall region Da) closer to the turbine 12 of the transition piece 21 of the combustor 11 that reaches relatively high temperatures; and wall cooling using the bled compressed air can be performed at the side (upstream wall region Ua) closer to the combustion burner 23 of the transition piece 21 of the combustor 11 that reaches relatively low temperatures.
The cooling air used for cooling the wall of the combustor 11, namely both the bled pressurized air and the bled compressed air, can be reused as combustion air. This enables wall cooling of the combustor 11 to be performed efficiently and the reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxide produced by combustion.
In the present embodiment, the cooling air passages 27A described above are all divided into the upstream cooling air passages 27A1 and the downstream cooling air passages 27A2 via the passage transition groove portion 33, and the passage center lines C2 of the downstream cooling air passages 27A2 are offset (shifted) in the circumferential direction of the combustor 11 with respective to the passage center lines C1 of the upstream cooling air passages 27A1 by, for example, a half pitch (P/2).
Upon transition between the upstream cooling air passages 27A1 to the downstream cooling air passages 27A2, the collision and separation at the MT fin inlet end portions 34 results in effective cooling. This separation allows the boundary layer of the bled pressurized air at the inlet portion of the downstream cooling air passages 27A2 to be formed as thin as possible. Note that forming a thin boundary layer of the bled pressurized air at the inlet portion of the downstream cooling air passages 27A2 without the transition to the downstream cooling air passages 27A2 is also possible with a configuration in which the passage transition groove portion (in this case more accurately referred to as the flow-merging header) 33 is simply disposed.
Additionally, the present embodiment includes sharp edges 34a on the MT fin inlet end portions 34 of the downstream cooling air passages 27A2. Thus, active separation of the bled pressurized air occurs at the inlet portion of the downstream cooling air passages 27A2.
As a result, with a simple modification to the passage structure, the collision and separation at the passage transition groove portion 33 is utilized to the greatest extent to effectively increase the heat transfer coefficient on the cooling side (see
Additionally, the present embodiment may have a configuration, as illustrated in
Accordingly, in addition to the cooling effect of the collision and separation due to the passage transition described above, the increase in the flow rate of the bled pressurized air in the downstream cooling air passages 27A2 can achieve an increase in the heat transfer coefficient.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and as long as the spirit of the present invention is maintained, for example, the number of downstream cooling air passages 27A2 may be less than the upstream cooling air passages 27A1 or the pitch of the passage center line C2 may be changed. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the application to a closed air cooling cycle cooling structure and can be applied to other cooling structures.
The gas turbine combustor and gas turbine provided with the same according to the present invention can provide a highly efficient gas turbine and is thus suitable for application to a thermal power plant.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/061785 | 4/25/2014 | WO | 00 |
