The present invention relates to a gas turbine combustor injection assembly, and a combustor fuel mixture feed method.
More specifically, the present invention relates to an injection assembly for injecting an air-liquid fuel mixture into the combustion chamber of an aircraft/aeroderivative engine gas turbine.
In gas turbines, the air-liquid fuel mixture is fed to the turbine combustion chamber by a fuel injection, air-fuel mixing assembly comprising a perforated combustion-supporting air inlet portion; end fuel feed pipes; and a conical tubular body, which is housed inside the perforated portion, tapers towards the combustion chamber, and has an axis extending through the combustion chamber. The conical tubular body separates two air-liquid fuel mixing conduits: an inner conduit, into which the liquid fuel is sprayed by a ring of nozzles; and an outer annular conduit, into which the liquid fuel is fed by a further ring of nozzles at a distance from the outer surface of the conical tubular body and oriented to feed the liquid fuel towards an outer wall of the annular conduit.
Before reaching the combustion chamber, the air and fuel must be mixed thoroughly, using the turbulence generated by the air.
Tests show that the location and orientation of the further ring of nozzles cannot be relied on to produce the desired mixture in all operating conditions of the combustor, and that the mixture varies according to the quantity and characteristics (e.g. density) of the airflow along the conduits. As a result, the air-liquid fuel mixture fed to the combustion chamber is not always homogeneous, by varying from one part of the conduit to another, thus resulting in the formation of fumes and large amounts of contaminating combustion products in general.
One solution comprising walls for guiding the liquid fuel in a direction substantially parallel to a generating line of the outer surface of the conical tubular portion is described, for example, in Patent Application WO2010/037627, in which the walls are housed inside the conduit into which the liquid fuel and combustion-supporting air are fed. Solutions of this sort, however, are relatively complex in design.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a gas turbine combustor injection assembly designed to provide a simple, low-cost solution to the above problem.
According to the present invention, there is provided a gas turbine combustor injection assembly comprising an outer body with combustion-supporting air inlets; a conical tubular portion housed in said outer body and partly defining an inner conduit and an outer annular conduit; and first and second feed means for feeding liquid fuel into said inner conduit and said outer annular conduit respectively; said second feed means comprising guide means for guiding the respective said liquid fuel in a direction substantially parallel to a generating line of an outer surface of said conical tubular portion; and the assembly being characterized in that said guide means are located outside said outer annular conduit.
Preferably, in the assembly defined above, said conical tubular portion has an axis, and said second feed means comprise a ring of conduits having an axis coaxial with the axis of said conical tubular portion; the conduits having respective axes parallel to said generating line.
The present invention also relates to an injection method for feeding a fuel mixture to a gas turbine combustor.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of feeding a fuel mixture to a gas turbine combustor using an injection assembly comprising a hollow outer body, and a conical tubular portion housed in said hollow outer body and defining with it an annular conduit; the method comprising the step of feeding a stream of combustion-supporting air and at least one stream of liquid fuel into said annular conduit; and being characterized by directing said stream of liquid fuel fed into said annular conduit in a predetermined direction; intercepting said stream of liquid fuel with said stream of combustion-supporting air; and pushing the stream of liquid fuel towards said conical tubular portion by means of said stream of combustion-supporting air.
The method defined above preferably also comprises the further step of bringing and maintaining said stream of liquid fuel into/in contact with the outer surface of said conical tubular portion, and feeding it forward in contact with said conical tubular portion.
A non-limiting embodiment of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Number 1 in
As shown in
Head 5 projects from arm 6, coaxially with an axis 9, and comprises a casing or tubular outer body 10 defining a conduit 11, which has an axial outlet 13 communicating with combustion chamber 2, and communicates externally through two adjacent rings 15, 16 of contoured opening 15a, 16a. Each opening 15a, 16a is substantially quadrangular, defines a guide for the airflow into conduit 11, is bounded axially, i.e. in the air-liquid fuel mixture flow direction, by two parallel axial walls 18 perpendicular to axis 9, and is bounded substantially circumferentially by two tangential walls 19 parallel to each other and to axis 9, and sloping radially so as to be tangent to a circle of a predetermined diameter and coaxial with axis 9, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In use, the presence of ring 35 of conduits 36, the arrangement of conduits 36 with respect to conical tubular portion 22, and, in particular, the fact that axes 36a are parallel to generating line 24 of conical tubular portion 22, provide not only for directing the liquid fuel fed into annular conduit 27 towards conical tubular portion 22, but also for creating a liquid fuel film of substantially constant thickness on surface 23.
Tests show that the liquid fuel film provides not only for correct mixing of the air and liquid fuel, but also, and above all, for feeding combustion chamber 2 with a perfectly homogeneous, consistent mixture, regardless of the air and/or fuel quantities supplied by circuits 29 and 30. Mixing of the air and liquid fuel is also improved, with respect to known solutions, by the outlets of conduits 36 being formed in a surface perpendicular to axis 9 and, above all, coplanar with part of the axial surfaces bounding air inlet openings 16a. Unlike known solutions, the airflow into annular conduit 27 therefore intercepts and pushes the liquid fuel outflow from conduits 36 onto surface 23, at the same time producing a swirling motion inside annular conduit 27. The thrust exerted by the air causes partial evaporation of the liquid fuel inside annular conduit 27, and at the same time the remaining drops of liquid fuel deposit on surface 23 to form a film of liquid fuel, which advances along surface 23 to outlet 13, where the strong turbulence produced by the airflow from conduits 26 and 27 assists in atomizing the film before it reaches combustion chamber 2.
This results in a drastic reduction in contaminating combustion products, especially as the temperature in combustion chamber 2 increases.
Clearly, changes may be made to the assembly described without, however, departing from the protective scope as defined in the independent Claims. In particular, the guide conduits need not be perfectly parallel to generating line 24, or may be replaced by other guide means for guiding the liquid fuel in a direction substantially parallel to the generating line of the outer surface of the conical tubular portion, but still for the purpose of forming a film of liquid fuel on the outer surface.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
TO2010A 000378 | May 2010 | IT | national |