Patent Application
20160326961
The present invention relates to a gas turbine cooling system configured to cool a high temperature section in contact with a combusted gas in a gas turbine, a gas turbine plant including the same, and a method of cooling a high temperature section of a gas turbine.
Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-236059, filed Nov. 14, 2013, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
A gas turbine includes a compressor configured to compress outside air to generate compressed air, a plurality of combustors configured to combust fuel in the compressed air to generate a combusted gas, and a turbine driven by the combusted gas. In the gas turbine, since a heat chamber or a tail pipe of the combustor, blades or vanes of the turbine, and the like, are exposed to the combusted gas, these high temperature sections should be protected from heat of the combusted gas by cooling the high temperature sections.
As a gas turbine plant including the cooling system configured to cool the high temperature sections of the gas turbine, for example, a plant disclosed in the following Patent Literature 1 is provided.
The gas turbine plant disclosed in Patent Literature 1 includes a cooling air line configured to introduce the compressed air extracted from the compressor into the high temperature sections, and an air-cooling cooler installed at the cooling air line. The air-cooling cooler has a radiator through which the compressed air passes, and a fan configured to blow the outside air against the radiator.
Japanese Patent No. 3150567
In the gas turbine plant disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Literature 1, as the compressed air extracted from the compressor exchanges heat with the outside air, while the compressed air is cooled, fundamentally, it is hard to say that the outside air that is not required to be heated is heated, and thus heat of the compressed air is effectively used.
Here, the present invention is directed to provide a gas turbine cooling system, a gas turbine plant including the same, and a method of cooling a high temperature section of a gas turbine that are capable of effectively using heat of compressed air extracted from the compressor while cooling high temperature sections in a gas turbine.
In order to accomplish the above-mentioned objects, a gas turbine cooling system according to an aspect of the present invention is configured to cool a high temperature section in contact with a combusted gas in a gas turbine using compressed air extracted from a compressor of the gas turbine, the gas turbine cooling system includes an organic Rankine cycle configured to repeatedly circulate a cycle medium through condensation and evaporation in a cycle including the turbine and drive the turbine using the evaporated cycle medium; an air-extraction line configured to extract the compressed air from the compressor; a cooling apparatus configured to cool the compressed air while heating and evaporating the cycle medium condensed in the organic Rankine cycle using heat of the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line; and a cooling air line configured to guide the compressed air cooled by the cooling apparatus to the high temperature section.
In the gas turbine cooling system, the high temperature section of the gas turbine can be cooled by the compressed air cooled in the cooling apparatus. Moreover, in the gas turbine cooling system, since the cycle medium is heated and evaporated using heat of the compressed air and the turbine of the organic Rankine cycle is driven by the evaporated cycle medium, heat of the compressed air can be effectively used.
Here, in the gas turbine cooling system according to the aspect, the cooling apparatus may have an indirect type heat exchange apparatus configured to exchange heat between the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line and the cycle medium condensed in the organic Rankine cycle via an intermediate medium.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the indirect type heat exchange apparatus, the indirect type heat exchange apparatus may have a first heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line and the intermediate medium to heat the intermediate medium while cooling the compressed air; and a second heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the intermediate medium heated by the first heat exchanger and the cycle medium condensed in the organic Rankine cycle to cool the intermediate medium and return the intermediate medium to the first heat exchanger while heating and evaporating the cycle medium.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, the cooling apparatus may have a preliminary cooler configured to cool the intermediate medium; and an intermediate medium switching device configured to switch between a first state in which the intermediate medium heated by the first heat exchanger is guided to the second heat exchanger and a second state in which the intermediate medium heated by the first heat exchanger is guided to the preliminary cooler.
In the gas turbine cooling system, even when the organic Rankine cycle is stopped, since the high temperature section of the gas turbine can be cooled, even in this case, the gas turbine can be operated.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the intermediate medium switching device, the intermediate medium switching device may guide the intermediate medium cooled by the second heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger in the first state, and guide the intermediate medium cooled by the preliminary cooler to the first heat exchanger in the second state.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger may be capable of heating fuel by exchanging heat between the fuel supplied to a combustor of the gas turbine and the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line, and may include a first heated fuel line configured to guide the fuel heated by the first heat exchanger to the combustor.
In the gas turbine cooling system, since the fuel can be heated by the heat of the compressed air, the heat of the compressed air can be more effectively used.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the first heated fuel line, the second heat exchanger may be capable of heating the fuel by exchanging heat between the fuel supplied to the combustor and the intermediate medium heated by the first heat exchanger, and may include a second heated fuel line configured to guide the fuel heated by the second heat exchanger to the combustor; and a fuel switching device configured to switch between a first state in which the fuel is guided to the first heat exchanger and a second state in which the fuel is guided to the second heat exchanger.
In the gas turbine cooling system, a preheating type of the fuel can be varied according to an operation state of the gas turbine or the organic Rankine cycle.
In addition, in the gas turbine cooling system of the aspect, the cooling apparatus may have a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line and the cycle medium condensed in the organic Rankine cycle to heat and evaporate the cycle medium while cooling the compressed air.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the heat exchanger, the cooling apparatus may have a preliminary cooler configured to cool the compressed air; and an air switching device configured to switch between a first state in which the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line is guided to the heat exchanger and a second state in which the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line is guided to the preliminary cooler.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the air switching device, the air switching device may guide the compressed air cooled by the heat exchanger to the cooling air line in the first state and guide the compressed air cooled by the preliminary cooler to the cooling air line in the second state.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger may be capable of heating the fuel by exchanging heat between the fuel supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine and the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line, and may include a heated fuel line configured to guide the fuel heated by the heat exchanger to the combustor.
In the gas turbine cooling system, since the fuel can be heated by the heat of the compressed air, the heat of the compressed air can be more effectively used.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the preliminary cooler, the heat exchanger may be capable of heating the fuel by exchanging heat between the fuel supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine and the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line, and the preliminary cooler may be capable of heating the fuel using the heat of the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line, and may have a heated fuel line configured to guide the heated fuel to the combustor; and a fuel switching device configured to guide the fuel to the heat exchanger in the first state and guide the fuel to the preliminary cooler in the second state.
In the gas turbine cooling system having the fuel switching device, the fuel switching device may guide the fuel heated by the heat exchanger to the heated fuel line in the first state and guide the fuel heated by the preliminary cooler to the heated fuel line in the second state.
In the gas turbine cooling system of any one of the aspects, the cooling apparatus may be capable of heating the fuel by exchanging heat between the fuel supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine and the compressed air passing through the air-extraction line, and may include a heated fuel line configured to guide the fuel heated by the cooling apparatus to the combustor.
In the gas turbine cooling system of any one of the aspects, each of the plurality of gas turbines may include the air-extraction line and each of the plurality of gas turbines may include the cooling air line, and the cooling apparatus may cool the compressed air while heating and evaporating the cycle medium condensed in the organic Rankine cycle using heat of the compressed air passing through the plurality of air-extraction lines.
In the gas turbine cooling system, even when the plurality of gas turbines are installed, they can correspond to the one organic Rankine cycle and an increase in equipment cost can be suppressed.
In order to accomplish the above-mentioned objects, a gas turbine plant according to an aspect of the present invention includes the gas turbine cooling system and the gas turbine.
Since the gas turbine plant includes any one of the above-mentioned gas turbine cooling systems, the heat of the compressed air extracted from the compressor can be effectively used while cooling the high temperature section in the gas turbine.
Here, in the gas turbine plant, the high temperature section may be at least one of a member that constitutes the combustor of the gas turbine, blades of a rotor in the turbine driven by a combusted gas generated through combustion by the combustor, a shaft section of the rotor, and vanes of the turbine.
In order to accomplish the above-mentioned objects, a method of cooling a high temperature section of a gas turbine according to an aspect of the present invention includes an organic Rankine cycle execution process of repeatedly circulating a cycle medium through condensation and evaporation in a cycle including a turbine and operating an organic Rankine cycle in which the turbine is driven by the evaporated cycle medium; an air extraction process of extracting compressed air from a compressor of the gas turbine; a cooling process of cooling the compressed air while heating and evaporating the cycle medium condensed in the organic Rankine cycle using heat of the compressed air extracted in the air extraction process; and a cooling air introduction process of guiding the compressed air cooled in the cooling process to the high temperature section in contact with a combusted gas in the gas turbine.
In the method of cooling the high temperature section, the high temperature section of the gas turbine can be cooled by the compressed air cooled in the cooling process. Moreover, in the method of cooling the high temperature section, since the cycle medium is heated and evaporated using the heat of the compressed air and the turbine of the organic Rankine cycle is driven by the evaporated cycle medium, the heat of the compressed air can be effectively used.
Here, in the method of cooling the high temperature section of the gas turbine according to the aspect, the cooling process may have a first heat exchange process of exchanging heat between the compressed air extracted in the air extraction process and an intermediate medium to heat the intermediate medium while cooling the compressed air; and a second heat exchange process of exchanging heat between the intermediate medium heated in the first heat exchange process and the cycle medium condensed in the organic Rankine cycle to cool the intermediate medium while heating and evaporating the cycle medium, and using the cooled intermediate medium for heat exchange with the compressed air in the first heat exchange process.
In the method of cooling the high temperature section of the gas turbine having the first heat exchange process and the second heat exchange process, the cooling process may have a preliminary cooling process of cooling the intermediate medium, and the method may include a first state process of using the intermediate medium heated in the first heat exchange process for heat exchange with the cycle medium in the second heat exchange process and using the intermediate medium cooled in the second heat exchange process for heat exchange with the compressed air in the first heat exchange process; and a second state process of cooling the intermediate medium heated in the first heat exchange process during the preliminary cooling process, and using the intermediate medium cooled in the preliminary cooling process for heat exchange with the compressed air in the first heat exchange process.
In addition, in the method of cooling the high temperature section of the gas turbine according to the aspect, the cooling process may have a heat exchange process of exchanging heat between the compressed air extracted in the air extraction process and the cycle medium condensed in the organic Rankine cycle to heat and evaporate the cycle medium while cooling the compressed air.
In the method of cooling the high temperature section of the gas turbine having the heat exchange process, the cooling process may have a preliminary cooling process of cooling the compressed air, and the method may include a first state process of using the compressed air extracted in the air extraction process for heat exchange with the cycle medium in the heat exchange process such that the compressed air cooled in the heat exchange process becomes compressed air guided to the high temperature section in the cooling air introduction process; and a second state process of cooling the compressed air extracted in the air extraction process during the preliminary cooling process such that the compressed air cooled in the preliminary cooling process becomes compressed air guided to the high temperature section in the cooling air introduction process.
In the method of cooling the high temperature section of the gas turbine according to any one of the above-mentioned aspects, the cooling process may have a fuel heating process of heating a fuel by exchanging heat between the fuel supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine and the compressed air extracted in the air extraction process, and the method may include a heated fuel introduction process configured to guide the fuel heated in the fuel heating process to the combustor.
In the method of cooling the high temperature section, since the fuel can be heated by the heat of the compressed air, the heat of the compressed air can be more effectively used.
According to an aspect of the present invention, heat of the compressed air extracted from the compressor can be effectively used while cooling the high temperature sections in the gas turbine.
Hereinafter, various embodiments and various variants of a gas turbine plant according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A first embodiment of a gas turbine plant according to the present invention will be described with reference to
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The cooling system 40 includes an air-extraction line 41 configured to extract the compressed air CA from the compressor 11, an organic Rankine cycle 50, a cooling apparatus 60 configured to cool the compressed air CA passing through the air-extraction line 41, and a cooling air line 42 configured to guide the compressed air CA cooled by the cooling apparatus 60 to the blades 24 serving as the high temperature sections of the gas turbine 10.
A Rankine cycle is a cycle in which a turbine is driven by steam. Meanwhile, the organic Rankine cycle 50 is a cycle in which a turbine 52 is driven using a medium having a boiling point lower than that of water (hereinafter referred to as a cycle medium) CM. The organic Rankine cycle 50 includes an evaporator 51 configured to heat and evaporate the cycle medium CM, the turbine 52 driven by the evaporated cycle medium CM, a condenser 53 configured to cool and condense the cycle medium CM that has driven the turbine 52, and a cycle medium pump 54 configured to return the condensed cycle medium CM into the evaporator 51. For example, a generator 59 configured to generate power by driving the turbine 52 is connected to the turbine 52. The condenser 53, which is a kind of heat exchanger, exchanges heat between the cycle medium CM and a cooling medium CW1 such as water or the like. For this reason, the organic Rankine cycle 50 further includes a cooler 55 such as a water cooling tower or the like configured to cool the cooling medium CW1 heated through heat exchange with the cycle medium CM, and a cooling medium pump 56 configured to return the cooling medium CW1 cooled by the cooler 55 into the condenser 53.
Further, here, while the cooling medium CW1 flowing through the condenser 53 circulates between the cooler 55 and the condenser 53, the cooler 55 may be omitted, the cooling medium CW1 such as water of a river, seawater, or the like, may be supplied into the condenser 53, and the cooling medium CW1 that has passed through the condenser 53 may be returned to the river, the sea, or the like.
The cooling apparatus 60 includes an indirect type heat exchange apparatus 61 configured to exchange heat with the compressed air CA passing through the air-extraction line 41 and the cycle medium CM condensed in the organic Rankine cycle 50 via an intermediate medium IM, a preliminary cooler 72 configured to cool the intermediate medium IM, and an intermediate medium switching device 80 configured to switch a flow destination or the like of the intermediate medium IM. The indirect type heat exchange apparatus 61 has a first heat exchanger 62 configured to exchange heat between the compressed air CA passing through the air-extraction line 41 and the intermediate medium IM, and a second heat exchanger 66 configured to exchange heat between the intermediate medium IM and the cycle medium CM condensed in the organic Rankine cycle 50.
A compressed air flow path 63 through which the compressed air CA flows and an intermediate medium flow path 64 through which the intermediate medium IM flows are formed at the first heat exchanger 62. The compressed air flow path 63 and the intermediate medium flow path 64 are adjacent to each other such that fluids flowing through the flow paths 63 and 64 can exchange heat. The second heat exchanger 66 in the cooling system 40 forms the evaporator 51 that is a component of the organic Rankine cycle 50. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the second heat exchanger 66 is shared by the cooling system 40 and the organic Rankine cycle 50. An intermediate medium flow path 67 through which the intermediate medium IM flows and a cycle medium flow path 68 through which the cycle medium CM flows are formed at the second heat exchanger 66. The intermediate medium flow path 67 and the cycle medium flow path 68 are adjacent to each other such that fluids flowing through the flow paths 67 and 68 can exchange heat. An intermediate medium flow path 73 through which the intermediate medium IM passes and a cooling medium flow path 74 through which a cooling medium CW2 such as water of a river, seawater, or the like passes are formed at the preliminary cooler 72. The intermediate medium flow path 73 and the cooling medium flow path 74 are adjacent to each other such that fluids flowing through the flow paths 73 and 74 can exchange heat.
As shown in
A heating intermediate medium bypass line 46 configured to bypass the intermediate medium IM passing through the heating intermediate medium line 43 with respect to the second heat exchanger 66 is connected to the heating intermediate medium line 43. The heating intermediate medium bypass line 46 is connected to the inlet port of the intermediate medium flow path 73 in the preliminary cooler 72. A cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47 is connected to the outlet port of the intermediate medium flow path 73 in the preliminary cooler 72. The cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47 is connected to the cooling intermediate medium line 44 upstream from the intermediate medium pump 45. A cooling medium supply line 76 configured to supply the cooling medium CW2 such as water of a river, seawater, or the like is connected to the inlet port of the cooling medium flow path 74 in the preliminary cooler 72. A cooling medium returning line 77 configured to return the cooling medium CW2 passing through the cooling medium flow path 74 to the river, the sea, or the like is connected to the outlet port of the cooling medium flow path 74 in the preliminary cooler 72. A cooling medium pump 78 is installed at the cooling medium supply line 76.
A heating intermediate medium switching machine 81 is installed at a connecting portion of the heating intermediate medium line 43 and the heating intermediate medium bypass line 46. The heating intermediate medium switching machine 81 is a three-way valve. Among the three openings of the three-way valve, a first opening is connected to the first heat exchanger 62 side of the heating intermediate medium line 43 and a second opening is connected to the second heat exchanger 66 side of the heating intermediate medium line 43. In addition, the third opening of the three-way valve is connected to the heating intermediate medium bypass line 46. A cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82 is connected to a connecting portion of the cooling intermediate medium line 44 and the cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47. The cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82 is also a three-way valve. Among the three openings of the three-way valve, a first opening is connected to the second heat exchanger 66 side of the cooling intermediate medium line 44 and a second opening is connected to the first heat exchanger 62 side of the cooling intermediate medium line 44. In addition, the third opening of the three-way valve is connected to the cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47. The above-mentioned intermediate medium switching device 80 has the heating intermediate medium switching machine 81 and the cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82.
Next, an operation of the above-mentioned gas turbine plant will be described.
First, an operation in which the gas turbine 10 and the organic Rankine cycle 50 are operated will be described with reference to
The compressor 11 of the gas turbine 10 compresses air A in the atmosphere and supplies the compressed air CA into the combustor 12. In addition, the fuel F is also supplied into the combustor 12. In the combustor 12, the fuel F is combusted in the compressed air CA and the combusted gas having a high temperature and a high pressure is generated. The combusted gas is sent to the turbine 21 and the turbine rotor 22 is rotated. The generator 29 connected to the gas turbine 10 generates power using rotation of the turbine rotor 22.
The combusted gas that has rotated the turbine rotor 22 is exhausted from the gas turbine 10 as the exhaust gas EG and discharged to the atmosphere through the gas duct 31. The exhaust heat recovery boiler 32 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas EG passing through the gas duct 31 and water to produce steam from the water. The steam is supplied into the steam turbine 33 to drive the steam turbine 33. The steam passing through the steam turbine 33 is returned to the water in the condenser 34. The water is supplied into the exhaust heat recovery boiler 32 by the feed pump 35 to become steam again.
The compressed air CA generated by the compressor 11 is partially extracted from the compressor 11 and sent to the first heat exchanger 62 via the air-extraction line 41 (an air extraction process). In the first heat exchanger 62, heat is exchanged between the compressed air CA and the intermediate medium IM, and the intermediate medium IM is heated while the compressed air CA is cooled (a first heat exchange process). The compressed air CA is cooled, for example, from 400° C. to 230° C. as the compressed air CA passes through the first heat exchanger 62. Meanwhile, the intermediate medium IM is heated from 160° C. to 200° C. as the intermediate medium IM passes through the first heat exchanger 62. Further, in this embodiment, pressurized water is used as the intermediate medium IM in view of cost and operability. However, the intermediate medium IM may not be the pressurized water.
The compressed air CA cooled in the first heat exchanger 62 is sent to the cooling air flow path 25 of the turbine rotor 22 via the cooling air line 42 (a cooling air introduction process). The blades 24 of the turbine rotor 22 are cooled by the compressed air CA.
The intermediate medium IM heated by the first heat exchanger 62 is sent to the second heat exchanger 66 (the evaporator 51) via the heating intermediate medium line 43 and the heating intermediate medium switching machine 81. In the second heat exchanger 66, heat is exchanged between the intermediate medium IM and the cycle medium CM, and the cycle medium CM is heated to be evaporated while the intermediate medium IM is cooled (a second heat exchange process). The intermediate medium IM is cooled, for example, from 200° C. to 160° C. as the intermediate medium IM passes through the second heat exchanger 66. Meanwhile, the cycle medium CM is heated, for example, from 60° C. to 150° C. to be evaporated as the cycle medium CM passes the second heat exchanger 66. The evaporated cycle medium CM drives the turbine 52 that is a component of the organic Rankine cycle 50. The cycle medium CM that has driven the turbine 52 is sent to the condenser 53. In the condenser 53, heat is exchanged between the cycle medium CM and the cooling medium CW1, and the cycle medium CM is cooled and condensed. The condensed cycle medium CM is sent to the second heat exchanger 66 (the evaporator 51) by the cycle medium pump 54, and as described above, exchanges heat with the intermediate medium IM in the second heat exchanger 66. As described above, the cycle medium CM circulates in the organic Rankine cycle 50 (an organic Rankine cycle execution process). Further, in this embodiment, an organic medium such as cyclopentane, benzene, toluene, or the like, is used as the cycle medium CM.
The intermediate medium IM cooled by the second heat exchanger 66 is returned to the first heat exchanger 62 via the cooling intermediate medium line 44 and the cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82.
When the gas turbine 10 and the organic Rankine cycle 50 are operated, the first state process is executed. That is, in the first state process, the intermediate medium IM heated in the first heat exchange process is used for heat exchange with the cycle medium CM in the second heat exchange process, and the intermediate medium IM cooled in the second heat exchange process is used for heat exchange with the compressed air CA in the first heat exchange process.
Next, an operation when the organic Rankine cycle 50 is stopped and only the gas turbine 10 is operated will be described with reference to
The gas turbine 10 and the exhaust heat recovery system 30 are operated as in the above-mentioned case. Like the above-mentioned case, the compressed air CA generated in the compressor 11 is partially extracted from the compressor 11 and sent to the first heat exchanger 62 via the air-extraction line 41 (an air extraction process). In the first heat exchanger 62, heat is exchanged between the compressed air CA and the intermediate medium IM, and the intermediate medium IM is heated while the compressed air CA is cooled (a first heat exchange process). The compressed air CA cooled in the first heat exchanger 62 is sent to the cooling air flow path 25 of the turbine rotor 22 via the cooling air line 42 (a cooling air introduction process).
The intermediate medium IM heated by the first heat exchanger 62 is sent to the preliminary cooler 72 via the heating intermediate medium line 43, the heating intermediate medium switching machine 81 and the heating intermediate medium bypass line 46. In the preliminary cooler 72, heat is exchanged between the intermediate medium IM and the cooling medium CW2, and the intermediate medium IM is cooled (a preliminary cooling process). The intermediate medium IM is cooled, for example, from 200° C. to 160° C. as the intermediate medium IM passes through the preliminary cooler 72.
The intermediate medium IM cooled by the preliminary cooler 72 is returned to the first heat exchanger 62 via the cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47, the cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82 and the cooling intermediate medium line 44.
When only the gas turbine 10 is operated, the second state process is executed. That is, in the second state process, the intermediate medium IM heated in the first heat exchange process is cooled in the preliminary cooling process, and the intermediate medium IM cooled in the preliminary cooling process is used for heat exchange with the compressed air CA in the first heat exchange process.
As described above, in this embodiment, since the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 is cooled and sent to the high temperature sections of the gas turbine 10, the high temperature sections can be cooled. Moreover, in this embodiment, since heat is indirectly exchanged between the compressed air CA and the cycle medium CM and the cycle medium CM is heated to be used to drive the turbine 52 while the compressed air CA is cooled, heat of the compressed air CA can be effectively used.
Further, in this embodiment, since the preliminary cooler 72 is provided, even when the organic Rankine cycle 50 is stopped, the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 can be cooled and the gas turbine 10 can be operated.
A second embodiment of a gas turbine plant according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The gas turbine plant of this embodiment is distinguished from the variant of the gas turbine plant of the first embodiment in that a configuration of a first heat exchanger 62a is different from that of the first embodiment, but the other configurations are basically the same as those of the first embodiment.
The first heat exchanger 62a of this embodiment exchanges heat between the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 and the intermediate medium IM, and exchanges heat between the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 and the fuel F of the combustor 12. Accordingly, the compressed air flow path 63 through which the compressed air CA flows, the intermediate medium flow path 64 through which the intermediate medium IM flows and a fuel flow path 65 through which the fuel F flows are formed at the first heat exchanger 62a of this embodiment. The compressed air flow path 63 and the intermediate medium flow path 64 are adjacent to each other. Further, the compressed air flow path 63 and the fuel flow path 65 are adjacent to each other. That is, the compressed air flow path 63 is adjacent to the intermediate medium flow path 64 and the fuel flow path 65.
A non-heated fuel line 83 extending from a fuel supply source is connected to the inlet port of the fuel flow path 65 of the first heat exchanger 62a. In addition, a heated fuel line 84 is connected to the outlet port of the fuel flow path 65 of the first heat exchanger 62a. The heated fuel line 84 is connected to the combustor 12 of the gas turbine 10.
In the first heat exchanger 62a of this embodiment, like the first embodiment, heat is exchanged between the compressed air CA and the intermediate medium IM, and the intermediate medium IM is heated while the compressed air CA is cooled (a first heat exchange process). Further, in the first heat exchanger 62a of this embodiment, heat is exchanged between the compressed air CA and the fuel F, and the fuel F is heated while the compressed air CA is cooled (a fuel heating process).
Like the first embodiment, the intermediate medium IM heated by the heat exchange with the compressed air CA is cooled by the second heat exchanger 66 or the preliminary cooler 72 and then returned to the first heat exchanger 62a.
In addition, the fuel F heated by the heat exchange with the compressed air CA is sent to the combustor 12 of the gas turbine 10 via the heated fuel line 84 (a heated fuel introduction process).
As described above, in this embodiment, since the heat of the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 is also used for preheating of the fuel F, the heat of the compressed air CA can be more effectively used.
A third embodiment of a gas turbine plant according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The gas turbine plant of this embodiment is also a variant of the gas turbine plant of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, fuel flow paths are further formed at each of the first heat exchanger 62, the second heat exchanger 66 and the preliminary cooler 72 of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the fuel F is selectively guided to any one of the fuel flow paths. For this reason, the gas turbine plant of this embodiment includes a fuel switching device 85 configured to switch a flow destination or the like of the fuel F.
The first heat exchanger 62a of this embodiment exchanges heat between the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 and the intermediate medium IM, and simultaneously exchanges heat between the compressed air CA and the fuel F. Accordingly, the first heat exchanger 62a of this embodiment has the compressed air flow path 63 through which the compressed air CA flows, the intermediate medium flow path 64 through which the intermediate medium IM flows, and the fuel flow path 65 through which the fuel F flows. That is, the first heat exchanger 62a of this embodiment is the same as the first heat exchanger 62a of the second embodiment.
The second heat exchanger 66a of this embodiment exchanges heat between the intermediate medium IM heated by the first heat exchanger 62a and the cycle medium CM, and simultaneously exchanges heat between the intermediate medium IM and the fuel F. Accordingly, the intermediate medium flow path 67 through which the intermediate medium IM flows, the cycle medium flow path 68 through which the cycle medium CM flows, and a fuel flow path 69 through which the fuel F flows are formed at the second heat exchanger 66a of this embodiment. The intermediate medium flow path 67 and the fuel flow path 69 of the second heat exchanger 66a are adjacent to each other. In addition, the intermediate medium flow path 67 and the cycle medium flow path 68 are adjacent to each other. That is, the intermediate medium flow path 67 is adjacent to the fuel flow path 69 and the cycle medium flow path 68.
A preliminary cooler 72a of this embodiment exchanges heat between the intermediate medium IM heated by the first heat exchanger 62a and the cooling medium CW2, and simultaneously exchanges heat between the intermediate medium IM and the fuel F. Accordingly, the intermediate medium flow path 73 through which the intermediate medium IM flows, the cooling medium flow path 74 through which the cooling medium CW2 flows, and a fuel flow path 75 through which the fuel F flows are formed at the preliminary cooler 72a of this embodiment. The intermediate medium flow path 73 and the fuel flow path 75 of the preliminary cooler 72a are adjacent to each other. In addition, the intermediate medium flow path 73 and the cooling medium flow path 74 are adjacent to each other. That is, the intermediate medium flow path 73 is adjacent to the fuel flow path 75 and the cooling medium flow path 74.
A first non-heated fuel line 88a is connected to the inlet port of the fuel flow path 65 of the first heat exchanger 62a, and a first heated fuel line 89a is connected to the outlet port of the fuel flow path 65. A second non-heated fuel line 88b is connected to the inlet port of the fuel flow path 69 of the second heat exchanger 66a, and a second heated fuel line 89b is connected to the outlet port of the fuel flow path 69. A third non-heated fuel line 88c is connected to the inlet port of the fuel flow path 75 of the preliminary cooler 72a, and a third heated fuel line 89c is connected to the outlet port of the fuel flow path 75.
All of the first non-heated fuel line 88a, the second non-heated fuel line 88b and the third non-heated fuel line 88c are also connected to a non-heated fuel switching machine 86. An integrated non-heated fuel line 83a extending from a fuel supply source is connected to the non-heated fuel switching machine 86. The non-heated fuel switching machine 86 sends the fuel F delivered from the fuel supply source via the integrated non-heated fuel line 83a to any one line of the first non-heated fuel line 88a, the second non-heated fuel line 88b and the third non-heated fuel line 88c.
All of the first heated fuel line 89a, the second heated fuel line 89b and the third heated fuel line 89c are also connected to a heated fuel switching machine 87. The integrated heated fuel line 84a is connected to the non-heated fuel switching machine 86. The heated fuel switching machine 87 sends the fuel F from any one line of the first heated fuel line 89a, the second heated fuel line 89b and the third heated fuel line 89c to the integrated heated fuel line 84a. The above-mentioned fuel switching device 85 has the non-heated fuel switching machine 86 and the heated fuel switching machine 87.
In this embodiment, since the heat of the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 is also directly or indirectly used for preheating of the fuel F, the heat of the compressed air CA can be effectively used. In addition, in this embodiment, a preheating state of the fuel F can be appropriately varied according to an operating state of the gas turbine 10 or the organic Rankine cycle 50.
A fourth embodiment of a gas turbine plant according to the present invention will be described with reference to
The gas turbine plant of this embodiment is a variant of the gas turbine plant of the second embodiment. As shown in
In this embodiment, each of the gas turbines 10 includes the first heat exchanger 62a, the preliminary cooler 72, the air-extraction line 41, the cooling air line 42, the heating intermediate medium line 43a, a heating intermediate medium bypass line 46a, a cooling intermediate medium line 44a, a cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47a, the intermediate medium pump 45, a heating intermediate medium switching machine 81a, and the cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82.
All of the heating intermediate medium lines 43a of the plurality of gas turbines 10 are connected to a first header 91. An integrated heating intermediate medium line 43b is connected to the first header 91. The integrated heating intermediate medium line 43b is connected to the second heat exchanger 66 that constitutes an evaporator of the organic Rankine cycle 50. The integrated cooling intermediate medium line 44b is connected to the second heat exchanger 66. The integrated heating intermediate medium bypass line 46b is further connected to the integrated heating intermediate medium line 43b. The integrated heating intermediate medium bypass line 46b is connected to the integrated cooling intermediate medium line 44b. The integrated cooling intermediate medium line 44b is connected to a second header 92. The cooling intermediate medium line 44a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10 is connected to the second header 92. The heating intermediate medium bypass line 46a is connected to each of the cooling intermediate medium lines 44a. The heating intermediate medium bypass line 46a is connected to the preliminary cooler 72. The cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47a is connected to the preliminary cooler 72. The cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47a is connected to the cooling intermediate medium line 44a.
A gate valve 93 is installed in the integrated cooling intermediate medium line 44b upstream from a connecting portion to the integrated heating intermediate medium bypass line 46b. The integrated heating intermediate medium switching machine 81b is connected to the connecting portion of the integrated heating intermediate medium line 43b and the integrated heating intermediate medium bypass line 46b. The heating intermediate medium switching machine 81a is connected to the connecting portion of the cooling intermediate medium line 44a and the heating intermediate medium bypass line 46a. The cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82 is connected to the connecting portion of the cooling intermediate medium line 44a and the cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47a. All of these switching machines are three-way valves like the switching machine described in the above-mentioned embodiment. In this embodiment, the intermediate medium switching device 80b is constituted by the integrated heating intermediate medium switching machine 81b, the heating intermediate medium switching machine 81a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10, and the cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82 of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10.
When the gas turbine 10 and the organic Rankine cycle 50 are operated, the first state process is executed in this embodiment as well. As shown in
For this reason, in the first state process, the intermediate medium IM heated by the first heat exchanger 62a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10 is sent to the second heat exchanger 66 via the heating intermediate medium line 43a, the first header 91 and the integrated heating intermediate medium switching machine 81b of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10. In the second heat exchanger 66, the intermediate medium IM is cooled through heat exchange with the cycle medium CM. The intermediate medium IM cooled by the second heat exchanger 66 is returned to the first heat exchanger 62a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10 via the integrated cooling intermediate medium line 44b, the gate valve 93, the second header 92, the cooling intermediate medium line 44a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10, the heating intermediate medium switching machine 81a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10, and the cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82 of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10.
In addition, when the organic Rankine cycle 50 is stopped and only the gas turbine 10 is operated, the second state process is executed in this embodiment as well. In the second state process, as shown in
For this reason, in the second state process, the intermediate medium IM heated by the first heat exchanger 62a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10 is sent to the preliminary cooler 72 of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10 via the heating intermediate medium line 43a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10, the first header 91, the integrated heating intermediate medium switching machine 81b, the integrated heating intermediate medium bypass line 46b, the second header 92, the heating intermediate medium switching machine 81a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10, and the heating intermediate medium bypass line 46a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10. In the preliminary cooler 72, the intermediate medium IM is cooled through heat exchange with the cooling medium CW2. The intermediate medium IM cooled by the preliminary cooler 72 is returned to the first heat exchanger 62a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10 via the cooling intermediate medium bypass line 47a of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10 and the cooling intermediate medium switching machine 82 of each of the plurality of gas turbines 10.
In the above embodiment, even when the plurality of gas turbines 10 are provided, the one organic Rankine cycle 50 may be installed, and thus an increase in equipment cost of the gas turbine plant equipped with the plurality of gas turbines 10 can be suppressed.
A fifth embodiment of a gas turbine plant according to the present invention will be described with reference to
All of the gas turbine plants of the above-mentioned embodiments indirectly cool the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 using the cycle medium CM via the intermediate medium IM. The gas turbine plant of this embodiment directly cools the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 using the cycle medium CM rather than via the intermediate medium IM.
Like the above-mentioned embodiments, the cooling system 40c of the gas turbine plant of this embodiment includes an air-extraction line 41c configured to extract the compressed air CA from the compressor 11 of the gas turbine 10, the organic Rankine cycle 50, a cooling apparatus 60c configured to cool the compressed air CA passing through the air-extraction line 41c, and a cooling air line 42c configured to guide the compressed air CA cooled by the cooling apparatus 60c to the blades 24 that are high temperature sections of the gas turbine 10.
The cooling apparatus 60c of this embodiment includes a heat exchanger 66c configured to directly exchange heat between the compressed air CA passing through the air-extraction line 41c and the cycle medium CM condensed in the organic Rankine cycle 50 rather than via the intermediate medium IM, a preliminary cooler 72c configured to cool the compressed air CA passing through the air-extraction line 41c, an air switching device 80c configured to switch a flow destination or the like of the compressed air CA, and a fuel switching device 85c configured to switch a flow destination or the like of the fuel F.
The heat exchanger 66c of the cooling system 40c forms an evaporator 51c that is a component of the organic Rankine cycle 50. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the heat exchanger 66c is shared by the cooling system 40c and the organic Rankine cycle 50. A compressed air flow path 67c through which the compressed air CA flows, the cycle medium flow path 68 through which the cycle medium CM flows, and the fuel flow path 69 through which the fuel F supplied to the combustor 12 flows are formed at the heat exchanger 66c. The compressed air flow path 67c and the cycle medium flow path 68 are adjacent to each other such that heat can be exchanged between fluids flowing through the flow paths 67c and 68. The compressed air flow path 67c and the fuel flow path 69 are adjacent to each other such that heat can be exchanged between fluids flowing through the flow paths 67c and 69. That is, the compressed air flow path 67c is adjacent to the cycle medium flow path 68 and the fuel flow path 69.
The preliminary cooler 72c has a radiator 73c through which the compressed air CA passes, an air-cooling fan 74c configured to blow the outside air against the radiator 73c, and a preheater 75c configured to heat the fuel F through heat exchange between the outside air heated by heat exchange with the compressed air CA in the radiator 73c and the fuel F flowing therethrough. The air-cooling fan 74c is driven by, for example, an inverter motor. Further, the preliminary cooler 72c of this embodiment may be constituted by a heat exchanger in which a compressed air flow path through which the compressed air CA flows, a cooling medium flow path through which the cooling medium CW1 or a cooling medium such as water of a river, seawater, or the like flows, and a fuel flow path through which the fuel F flows are formed.
The air-extraction line 41c is connected to the inlet port of the compressed air flow path 67c in the heat exchanger 66c (the evaporator 51c). The cooling air line 42c is connected to the outlet port of the compressed air flow path 67c. Like the above-mentioned embodiment, the cooling air line 42c is connected to the cooling air flow path 25 formed at the turbine rotor 22. The non-heated fuel line 83 is connected to the inlet port of the fuel flow path 69 in the heat exchanger 66c. The heated fuel line 84 is connected to the outlet port of the fuel flow path 69. Like the above-mentioned embodiment, the heated fuel line 84 is connected to the combustor 12.
An extracted air bypass line 48c is connected to the air-extraction line 41c. The extracted air bypass line 48c is connected to the inlet port of the radiator 73c of the preliminary cooler 72c. A cooling air bypass line 49c is connected to the outlet port of the radiator 73c. The cooling air bypass line 49c is connected to the cooling air line 42c. A non-heated fuel bypass line 83c is connected to the non-heated fuel line 83. The non-heated fuel bypass line 83c is connected to the inlet port of the preheater 75c of the preliminary cooler 72c. A heated fuel bypass line 84c is connected to the outlet port of the preheater 75c. The heated fuel bypass line 84c is connected to the heated fuel line 84.
A non-cooling air switching machine 81c is connected to a connecting portion between the air-extraction line 41c and the extracted air bypass line 48c. The non-cooling air switching machine 81c is a three-way valve. Among the three openings of the three-way valve, a first opening is connected to the compressor 11 side of the air-extraction line 41c, and a second opening is connected to the heat exchanger 66c side of the air-extraction line 41c. In addition, the third opening of the three-way valve is connected to the extracted air bypass line 48c. A cooling air switching machine 82c is installed at a connecting portion of the cooling air line 42c and the cooling air bypass line 49c. The cooling air switching machine 82c is also a three-way valve. A first opening of the three-way valve is connected to the heat exchanger 66c side of the cooling air line 42c, and a second opening is connected to the turbine rotor 22 side of the cooling air line 42c. In addition, the third opening of the three-way valve is connected to the cooling air bypass line 49c. The above-mentioned air switching device 80c has the non-cooling air switching machine 81c and the cooling air switching machine 82c.
The non-heated fuel switching machine 86c is installed at a connecting portion of the non-heated fuel line 83 and the non-heated fuel bypass line 83c. The non-heated fuel switching machine 86c is a three-way valve. Among the three openings of the three-way valve, a first opening is connected to the fuel supply source side of the non-heated fuel line 83, and a second opening is connected to the heat exchanger 66c side of the non-heated fuel line 83. In addition, the third opening of the three-way valve is connected to the non-heated fuel bypass line 83c. The heated fuel switching machine 87c is installed at a connecting portion of the heated fuel line 84 and the heated fuel bypass line 84c. The heated fuel switching machine 87c is also a three-way valve. A first opening of the three-way valve is connected to the heat exchanger 66c side of the heated fuel line 84, and a second opening is connected to the combustor 12 side of the heated fuel line 84. In addition, the third opening of the three-way valve is connected to the heated fuel bypass line 84c. The above-mentioned fuel switching device 85c has the non-heated fuel switching machine 86c and the heated fuel switching machine 87c.
Next, an operation of the gas turbine plant described above will be described.
When the gas turbine 10 and the organic Rankine cycle 50 are operated, the first state process is executed in this embodiment as well. In the first state process, as shown in
For this reason, in the first state process, the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 is sent to the heat exchanger 66c via the air-extraction line 41c and the non-cooling air switching machine 81c. In the heat exchanger 66c, the compressed air CA is cooled through heat exchange with the cycle medium CM (a heat exchange process). The compressed air CA cooled by the heat exchanger 66c is sent to the turbine rotor 22 via the cooling air line 42c and the cooling air switching machine 82c to cool the blades 24 (a cooling air introduction process).
In addition, in the first state process, the fuel F from the fuel supply source is sent to the heat exchanger 66c via the non-heated fuel switching machine 86c and the non-heated fuel line 83. In the heat exchanger 66c, the fuel F is heated through heat exchange with the compressed air CA (a fuel heating process). The fuel F heated by the heat exchanger 66c is sent to the combustor 12 via the heated fuel line 84 and the heated fuel switching machine 87c (a heated fuel introduction process).
In addition, when the organic Rankine cycle 50 is stopped and only the gas turbine 10 is operated, the second state process is executed in this embodiment as well. In the second state process, as shown in
For this reason, in the second state process, the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 is sent to the preliminary cooler 72c via the air-extraction line 41c, the non-cooling air switching machine 81c and the extracted air bypass line 48c. In the preliminary cooler 72c, the compressed air CA is cooled through heat exchange with the outside air sent from the air-cooling fan 74c (a preliminary cooling process). The compressed air CA cooled by the preliminary cooler 72c is sent to the turbine rotor 22 via the cooling air bypass line 49c, the cooling air switching machine 82c and the cooling air line 42c to cool the blades 24 (a cooling air introduction process).
In addition, in the second state process, the fuel F from the fuel supply source is sent to the preliminary cooler 72c via the non-heated fuel switching machine 86c and the non-heated fuel bypass line 83c. In the preliminary cooler 72c, the fuel F is heated through heat exchange with the outside air heated through heat exchange with the compressed air CA (a fuel heating process). The fuel F heated by the preliminary cooler 72c is sent to the combustor 12 via the heated fuel bypass line 84c, the heated fuel switching machine 87c and the heated fuel line 84 (a heated fuel introduction process).
In the above embodiment, while heat is directly exchanged between the compressed air CA and the cycle medium CM to cool the compressed air CA, since the cycle medium CM is heated to be used to drive the turbine 52, the heat of the compressed air CA can be effectively used.
Further, since the preliminary cooler 72c is provided in this embodiment as well, even when the organic Rankine cycle 50 is stopped, the compressed air CA extracted from the compressor 11 can be cooled.
In addition, in this embodiment, since the intermediate medium IM is not involved in heat exchange between the compressed air CA and the cycle medium CM, a configuration of equipment can be simplified and an increase in equipment cost can be suppressed.
Here, a case in which the organic Rankine cycle 50 is abruptly stopped when the gas turbine 10 and the organic Rankine cycle 50 are operated together will be described.
When the organic Rankine cycle 50 is abruptly stopped, the air switching device 80c and the fuel switching device 85c are switched from the first state shown in
For this reason, it is preferable to be determined whether the intermediate medium IM is involved in heat exchange between the compressed air CA and the cycle medium CM by comparing and considering the equipment cost and necessity of continuously cooling the compressed air CA.
Next, various variants of the above-mentioned gas turbine plants will be described.
While all of the switching machines of the above-mentioned embodiments are three-way valves, they may be two valves. Specifically, when one line is branched off into two lines, valves may be installed at the two lines of the branch line, and the switching machine may be constituted by these valves.
In the second to fifth embodiments, in order to exchange heat between three kinds of media, the flow paths through which the media flow are formed at one heat exchanger. That is, three flow paths are formed at one heat exchanger. However, when heat is exchanged between the three kinds of media, using the two heat exchangers, heat may be exchanged between two kinds of media in the heat exchangers. For example, the first heat exchanger 62a (see
While the fourth embodiment is a variant of the second embodiment, even in the first embodiment, the third embodiment and the fifth embodiment, like the fourth embodiment, the one organic Rankine cycle 50 may be installed with respect to the plurality of gas turbines 10.
In the above-mentioned embodiments, the blades 24 of the turbine 21 of the gas turbine 10, which are the high temperature sections, are cooled. However, the high temperature sections may be any portion as long as the portion comes in contact with the combusted gas in the gas turbine 10. For example, the rotor shaft sections 23 (see
According to the aspects of the present invention, heat of the compressed air extracted from the compressor can be effectively used while cooling the high temperature sections in the gas turbine.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-236059 | Nov 2013 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/058233 | 3/25/2014 | WO | 00 |
