Patent Application
20160258356
The present disclosure relates generally to gas turbine engines, and more specifically to gas turbine engines that include a magnetic gearbox.
Mechanical gearboxes are typically used as torque transfer devices in various power generators (e.g., wind turbine generators, natural gas generators, etc.) and vehicular applications (e.g., motor vehicles, watercraft, aircraft, etc.). Generally, the components in mechanical gearboxes include gears, with each of the gears having teeth to mesh with other gears in order to transfer rotational motion across shafts. Mechanical gearboxes often require visual inspection, access for maintenance, and a lubrication system. Lubrication systems generally require a tank and an array of strategically placed hoses for transferring the lubricant from the tank, through the array of hoses, to the contact surfaces, which require additional space, thus making such systems difficult to employ in some applications having a tight space tolerance.
Other challenges arising from mechanical gearbox design may include weight, noise, and friction across the gear teeth. The frictional shear stress across the gear teeth may result in surface pitting, wear, shearing, slipping, and damaged teeth, any of which may result in a gear tooth breaking off. The broken off gear tooth, particularly at a high rate of speed (e.g., an over-torque condition), could cause damage both inside and out of the gearbox housing. For example, in an aircraft application, a broken tooth could force the aircraft to have to make an emergency landing.
The present disclosure may comprise one or more of the following features and combinations thereof.
In one aspect of the present disclosure, a magnetic gearbox for use in a gas turbine engine may include a stator assembly, an outer rotor assembly, and an inner rotor assembly. The stator assembly may be arranged around a central axis. The stator assembly may include a plurality of stator poles. The inner rotor assembly may be located radially inward of the stator assembly and mounted for rotation relative to the stator assembly about the central axis. The inner rotor assembly may include an inner rotor and a first plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the inner rotor. The outer rotor assembly may be located radially outward of the stator assembly and mounted for rotation relative to the stator assembly about the central axis. The outer rotor assembly may include an outer rotor and a second plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the outer rotor. The inner rotor of the inner rotor assembly may be formed to include a first plurality of slots that each receive an attachment portion of one of the first plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the inner rotor so that the first plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the inner rotor are held in place relative to the inner rotor during rotation of the inner rotor assembly.
In some embodiments, each permanent magnet coupled to the inner and outer rotors may include a body portion. The body portion may be located outside of the plurality of slots and arranged in radially confronting relation with the stator assembly without a retaining wrap therebetween.
In some embodiments, an abradable magnetic coating may be applied to at least one of a radially outer surface of the first plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the inner rotor and a radially inner surface of the second plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the outer rotor.
In some embodiments, the attachment portion of each permanent magnet received in one of the plurality of slots may include one of a fir tree shape, a dovetail shape, and a saddle shape sized.
In some embodiments, each slot formed in the inner and outer rotors may have a shape corresponding to the shape of the attachment portion of the permanent magnet received in the slot so that the attachment portion of the first plurality of permanent magnets engages the inner rotor and the attachment portion of the second plurality of permanent magnets engages the outer rotor.
In some embodiments, each of the plurality of slots formed in the inner rotor of the inner rotor assembly may extend axially through the inner rotor.
In some embodiments, the plurality of stator poles may be spaced and arranged circumferentially apart from one another around the central axis.
In some embodiments, the stator assembly may further include a plurality of windings. Each of the plurality of windings may be wrapped around each of the plurality of stator poles so that the magnetic gearbox provides a generator.
In some embodiments, the outer rotor of the outer rotor assembly may be formed to include a second plurality of slots that each receive an attachment portion of one of the second plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the outer rotor so that the second plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the outer rotor are held in place relative to the outer rotor during rotation of the outer rotor assembly.
In some embodiments, the attachment portion of each permanent magnet coupled to the outer rotor received in one of the second plurality of slots formed in the outer rotor may have one of a fir tree shape, a dovetail shape, and a saddle shape. Each slot formed in the outer rotor may have a shape corresponding to the shape of the attachment portion of the permanent magnet received in the slot so that the attachment portion of the second plurality of permanent magnets engages the outer rotor to generally secure the second plurality of permanent magnets from moving circumferentially out of the second plurality of slots during rotation of the outer rotor assembly.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a magnetic gearbox for use in a gas turbine engine may include a stator assembly, an outer rotor assembly, and an inner rotor assembly. The stator assembly may include a plurality of poles spaced circumferentially apart from one another around a central axis. The outer rotor assembly may be mounted for rotation relative to the stator assembly about the central axis. The outer rotor assembly may include an outer rotor and a plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the outer rotor. The inner rotor assembly may be located radially inward of the stator assembly and mounted for rotation relative to the stator assembly about the central axis. The inner rotor assembly may include an inner rotor and a plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the inner rotor. The inner rotor of the inner rotor assembly may be formed to include a plurality of slots that receive attachment portions of the permanent magnets coupled to the inner rotor.
In some embodiments, each of the plurality of slots formed in the inner rotor may be shaped to generally secure an attachment portion included in each of the first plurality of permanent magnets from circumferential movement out of the slot during rotation of the inner rotor assembly.
In some embodiments, the each attachment portion may have one of a fir tree shape, a dovetail shape, and a saddle shape.
In some embodiments, the outer rotor of the outer rotor assembly may be formed to include a plurality of slots that each receives an attachment portion of a permanent magnet coupled to the outer rotor.
In some embodiments, the stator assembly may include a plurality of windings wrapped about the plurality of poles of the stator assembly.
According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, a gas turbine engine may include a gas generator including a compressor, a gas generator turbine, and a combustor, a power turbine, and a magnetic gearbox. The gas generator turbine may be coupled to the compressor to drive rotation of the compressor. The combustor may be arranged between the compressor and the gas generator turbine. The power turbine may be arranged aft of the gas generator turbine along an axis. The magnetic gearbox may be arranged forward of the gas generator turbine along the axis so that the gas generator is arranged axially between the power turbine and the magnetic gearbox. The magnetic gearbox may be coupled to a power turbine shaft that may extend axially aft from the magnetic gearbox to the power turbine and to an output shaft that may extend axially forward from the magnetic gearbox.
In some embodiments, the magnetic gearbox may include a stator assembly, an outer rotor assembly coupled to the output shaft, and an inner rotor assembly coupled to the power turbine shaft.
In some embodiments, the magnetic gearbox may further include a bladed rotor coupled to the output shaft sized to blow air into and around the gas generator.
In some embodiments, the inner rotor assembly of the magnetic gearbox may include an inner rotor forming a plurality of slots and a plurality of permanent magnets each having an attachment portion received in a slot formed in the inner rotor to couple the plurality of permanent magnets to the inner rotor.
In some embodiments, the attachment portion of each permanent magnet received in one of the plurality of slots may have one of a fir tree shape, a dovetail shape, and a saddle shape sized to generally secure the plurality of permanent magnets coupled to the inner rotor from moving circumferentially out of the plurality of slots formed in the inner rotor during rotation of the inner rotor assembly.
In some embodiments, the inner rotor assembly of the magnetic gearbox may include an inner rotor forming a first set of slots and a first set of permanent magnets. Each of the first set of permanent magnets may have an attachment portion for being received in a slot of the first set of slots formed in the inner rotor to couple the first set of permanent magnets to the inner rotor. The outer rotor assembly of the magnetic gearbox may include an outer rotor forming a second set of slots and a second set of permanent magnets. Each of the second set of permanent magnets may have an attachment portion for being received in a slot of the second set of slots formed in the outer rotor to couple the second set of permanent magnets to the outer rotor.
In some embodiments, the attachment portion of each of the first and second sets of permanent magnets may have one of a fir tree shape, a dovetail shape, and a saddle shape. The attachment portion of the first set of permanent magnets may be sized to generally secure the first set of permanent magnets coupled to the inner rotor from moving circumferentially out of the first set of slots formed in the inner rotor during rotation of the inner rotor assembly. The attachment portion of the second set of permanent magnets coupled to the outer rotor may be sized to generally secure the second set of permanent magnets from moving circumferentially out of the second set of slots formed in the outer rotor during rotation of the outer rotor assembly.
These and other features of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of the illustrative embodiments.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the disclosure, reference will now be made to a number of illustrative embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same.
An illustrative turbofan engine 100 cross-sectional for use in an aircraft application is shown, for example, in
The magnetic gearbox 110 transfers torque using non-contact magnetic coupling, unlike the contact of gear teeth of mechanical gearboxes as suggested in
The power turbine shaft 122 of the gas turbine engine 102 may extend axially forward from the turbine 108 through the combustor 106 and the compressor 104 to then be coupled to the inner rotor assembly 112 of the magnetic gearbox 110, as shown in
The embodiments illustrated in
It is contemplated that the magnetic gearbox 110 may be incorporated into other applications within the turbofan engine 100 and/or other gas turbine engines. For example, the magnetic gearbox 110 may be employed along accessory gearbox drive trains, output shafting, or the like. Further, the magnetic gearboxes described herein may be applied along other types of drive trains outside of gas turbine engine applications.
Referring now to
Referring now to
A first air gap 302 is shown between an outer surface 300 of the body portion 214 of the first set of permanent magnets 210 of the inner rotor assembly 112 and an inner surface 222 of the stator poles 220 of the stator assembly 114. A second air gap 304 is shown between an outer surface 224 of the stator poles 220 of the stator assembly 114 and an inner surface 306 of the body portion 244 of the second set of permanent magnets 240 of the outer rotor assembly 116. Magnetic flux passing through the first and second air gaps 302, 304 transmits power between the inner rotor assembly 112 and the outer rotor assembly 116 to rotate the power turbine shaft 122 and/or the output shaft 128. As illustrated, the inner rotor assembly 112, also commonly referred to as a low-speed rotor assembly, may rotate with a low speed and high torque, while the outer rotor assembly 116, also commonly referred to as a high speed rotor assembly, may rotate with a high speed and low torque.
Generally, reducing the air gaps 302, 304 results in an improved performance level. The attachment portion 212, 242 of each set of permanent magnets 210, 240 may be sized to generally secure the first and second sets of permanent magnets 210, 240 to the correspondingly shaped slots 204, 232 of the rotors 202, 230 to reduce the air gaps 302, 304. By securing the permanent magnets 210, 240 along the rotors 202, 230, rather than the exterior surface 206 of the inner rotor 202 and the interior surface 234 of the outer rotor 230, the size, or distance, of the air gaps 302, 304 may be reduced.
When torque (i.e., rotation) is being transferred across the rotors 202, 230, the permanent magnets 210, 240 have outward (i.e., centrifugal) and tangential (i.e., circumferential) forces being applied to them. As the rotors 202, 230 increase in size, so too do the forces being applied. As such, surface attachments, such as composite wraps, clamps, or retention bolt structures, may not be sufficient in certain applications to prevent motion of the permanent magnets 210, 240 transverse to the insertion direction that is radially outward from the central axis 120 of the gas turbine engine 102.
In some embodiments, the attachment portions 212, 242 can have differing breadth and/or width portions so that when the attachment portions 212, 242 are inserted into the correspondingly shaped slots 204, 232 of the rotors 202, 230, the rotors 202, 230 prevent motion of the permanent magnets 210, 240 transverse to the insertion direction that is radially outward from the central axis 120 of the gas turbine engine 102. In other words, the attachment portions 212, 242 of the permanent magnets 210, 240 and the slots 204, 232 of the rotors 202, 230 may be configured such that the permanent magnets 210, 240 do not require any surface attachments to secure the permanent magnets 210, 240 to the rotors 202, 230, even when large outward and tangential forces are being applied.
In the illustrative embodiment, the slots 204, 232 have a relatively wide portion and a relatively narrow portion forming a generally fir tree shape to receive the attachment portions 212, 242 of the permanent magnets 210, 240 to secure the permanent magnets 210, 240 to the corresponding rotors 202, 230. The attachment portions 212, 242 of each set of permanent magnets 210, 240 in the illustrative embodiment have a relatively narrow portion and a relatively wide portion forming a generally fir tree shape to block removal of the permanent magnets 210, 240 from the corresponding slots 204, 232 of the rotors 202, 230 that receive them. The fir tree shape of the illustrative attachment portions 212, 242 has a double-lobed shape in cross-section, although other shapes are contemplated herein. For example, in some embodiments, the attachment portions 212, 242 of each set of permanent magnets 210, 240 may have a dovetail shape generally formed in the shape of a triangle, a saddle shape generally formed in the shape of an overhead view of a saddle, or any shape that can block the removal from and prevent motion of the permanent magnets 210, 240 inserted into the correspondingly shaped slots 204, 232 of the rotors 202, 230.
With reference to
With reference to
Illustratively, the attachment portions 212′, 242′ and the body portions 214′, 242′ of the magnets 210′, 240′ shown in
The magnetic gearbox 110 may include windings 602 around each stator pole 220 of the stator assembly 114 to provide an integrated generator embodiment 600 as shown in
In certain embodiments, the magnetic gearbox 110 may be a fully variable magnetic gearbox (i.e., a continuously variable transmission (CVT)). While such an embodiment would likely introduce additional cost, weight, and complexity, the total system control and power management allow matching on revolutions per minute (RPM) for both the fan 124 and the turbine 108 of the gas turbine engine 102. In some embodiments, the integrated generator embodiment 600 may be combined with the the CVT embodiment. In such embodiments, the turbofan engine 100 RPM and power generation capability are all independent variables that may be optimized through control architecture of the turbofan engine 100.
It should be noted that the inclusion of the magnetic gearbox 110 in place of a conventional mechanical gearbox is not restricted to the turbofan engine 100 embodiment illustrated in
It should be appreciated that the magnetic gearbox 110 may be placed in additional and/or alternative locations in certain applications, such as the compressor 104 portion of the gas turbine engine 102, for example. It should be further appreciated that, in some embodiments, the magnetic gearbox 110 may be in an alternative configuration to the axial configuration illustrated in
Mechanical gearboxes are commonly used as torque transfer devices due to their accuracy at speed matching, which results in a realizable engine efficiency. However, mechanical gearboxes require their own lubrication system and, as such, typically require a larger housing. In certain applications, the larger housing may disturb airflow and add additional weight. The magnetic gearbox 110, however, does not require its own lubrication system. In the magnetic gearbox 110, the only components that have contact between the inner rotor assembly 112 and the outer rotor assembly 116 are a set of bearings (not shown). While the bearings require lubrication, a standard engine lube system (not shown) is generally sufficient to provide the necessary lubrication, thus making the magnetic gearbox 110 lighter and more easily placed in locations with a tight space tolerance. Further, the stator assembly 114 of the magnetic gearbox 110 takes a localized loading, rather than gross loads, meaning a housing for the magnetic gearbox 110 would primarily be needed to prevent debris from entering the rotor system.
Each of the first and second sets of permanent magnets 210, 240 alternate between positive and negative magnets, every two alternative magnets forming a pole pair. Typically, there are more permanent magnets in the first set of permanent magnets 210. A gear ratio of the magnetic gearbox 110 is based on the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnets 210, 240, not the size of the magnetic gearbox 110. In other words, high and low gear ratios may be fit into nearly the same size system without requiring multiple gear sets.
In certain applications, over-torque conditions can cause the gear teeth of the mechanical gearbox to become sheared, slipped, or damaged, which can be destructive to the engine components, requiring immediate shutdown and a lengthy repair. A slip condition occurring in an application using the magnetic gearbox 110 will be caught and return to normal operation without incident. In a severe case (e.g., sizeable matter ingestion causing high levels of temporary torque), the engine may need to come offline to re-synchronize the velocities of certain components (e.g., the fan 124 and the turbine 108), but will return to normal operation upon synchronization, as no physical damage will have been done to the magnetic gearbox 110. Additionally, because the magnetic gearbox 110 is not susceptible to gear teeth shearing, the magnetic gearbox 110 may be placed in a limited access location, as the bearings may be the only component needing regular visual inspection.
While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the foregoing drawings and description, the same is to be considered as exemplary and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only illustrative embodiments thereof have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the disclosure are desired to be protected.
This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/128,790, filed 5 Mar. 2015, the disclosure of which is now expressly incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62128790 | Mar 2015 | US |
