The subject matter disclosed herein relates to the art of turbomachines and, more particularly, to a compressor diffuser assembly for a gas turbomachine. The diffuser assembly includes radial flow splitters that extend between an inner barrel member and a forward casing at the aft end of a compressor.
In general, gas turbine engines combust a fuel/air mixture that releases heat energy to form a high temperature gas stream. The high temperature gas stream is channeled to a turbine portion via a hot gas path. The turbine portion converts thermal energy from the high temperature gas stream to mechanical energy that rotates a turbine shaft. The turbine portion may be used in a variety of applications, such as for providing power to a pump or an electrical generator or other mechanical device.
An industrial gas turbine, such as may be used for electrical power generation, generally includes a compressor section, a combustion section having one or more combustors, and a turbine section. The compressor section progressively increases the pressure of the working fluid to supply a compressed working fluid to the combustion section. The compressed working fluid is discharged from the compressor through a compressor diffuser assembly and is then routed through fuel nozzles that extend axially within a forward, or head, end of the combustor. A fuel is combined with the flow of the compressed working fluid to form a combustible mixture. The combustible mixture is burned within a combustion chamber to generate combustion gases having a high temperature, pressure, and velocity. The combustion chamber is defined by one or more liners or ducts that define a hot gas path through which the combustion gases are conveyed into the turbine section.
The combustion gases expand as they flow through the turbine section to produce work. For example, expansion of the combustion gases in the turbine section may rotate a shaft connected to a generator to produce electricity. The turbine may also drive the compressor by means of a shaft or rotor, which may be common to the turbine, the compressor, and the generator.
In a can-annular type combustion system, the combustion section includes multiple combustion cans (each having its own fuel nozzles and liner) that circumscribe the rotational axis of the gas turbine. Each combustor produces combustion gases that collectively drive the turbine section. The forward ends of the combustors have a larger cross-sectional area than the aft ends of the combustors to accelerate the flow of combustion gases entering the turbine section. The aft ends of the combustors are spaced at a first radial distance from the rotor, while the forward ends of the combustors are spaced at a second radial distance from the rotor that is larger than the first radial distance. As a result, the aft ends of the combustors are densely packed together to feed an annulus at the inlet end of the turbine section.
The compressor provides air for combustion and for cooling the combustor liner by directing the air through a diffuser assembly at the aft end of the compressor and between and around the combustors. The conventional diffuser, which is positioned radially between the aft ends of the combustors and the rotor, reduces the velocity of the air exiting the compressor and may assist in turning the air in a direction radially outward from the rotor to enter the combustors. In conventional diffusers, most of the turning from an axial direction to a radial direction occurs at the aft end of the diffuser assembly or downstream of its exit.
Conventionally, the inner barrel member and diffuser are supported by a plurality of struts that extend radially between the inner barrel member and the outer shell of the gas turbine. These struts, which are made of relatively thin metal, respond more rapidly to gas temperature changes than the bulkier inner barrel member and outer shell of the gas turbine. As a result, changes in temperature (as may occur during normal operation of the gas turbine) may cause distortion of the inner barrel member relative to the outer shell of the gas turbine.
Additionally, with demands for increased power output, gas turbines and their combustors are being made larger, thereby minimizing the space between adjacent combustors, particularly at their aft ends. The ability to effectively direct the compressed gas flow between the combustors becomes important in assuring the successful operation of the combustors and, therefore, the gas turbine.
A diffuser assembly includes a casing at a compressor aft end; an inner barrel member radially inward of the casing; and an array of radial flow splitters extending between the inner barrel member and the casing. Each radial flow splitter includes a leading edge facing into a flow of air, a trailing end wall opposite the leading edge, a pair of side walls extending between the leading edge and the trailing end wall, and an axis extending through the leading edge and the trailing end wall. A width of each radial flow splitter increases from the leading edge to the trailing end wall. The side walls diverge away from the axis in a downstream direction corresponding to the flow of air and, optionally, also diverge away from the axis in a radial direction between the inner barrel member and the casing.
According to one aspect of an exemplary embodiment, a diffuser assembly for a gas turbomachine is provided. The diffuser assembly includes a forward casing disposed at an aft end of a compressor; an inner barrel member disposed radially inward of the forward casing; and an array of radial flow splitters. The array of radial flow splitters extends between the inner barrel member and the forward casing. Each radial flow splitter of the array of radial flow splitters includes a leading edge facing into a flow of air from the compressor, a trailing end wall opposite the leading edge, a pair of side walls extending between the leading edge and the trailing end wall, and a longitudinal axis extending through the leading edge and the trailing end wall. A width of each radial flow splitter increases from the leading edge to the trailing end wall. The pair of side walls diverge away from the longitudinal axis in a downstream direction corresponding to the flow of air.
According to another aspect of the exemplary embodiment, a gas turbomachine includes a compressor for compressing a flow of air; a plurality of combustors for combusting fuel with the flow of air to produce combustion products; a turbine driven by the combustion products, the turbine being coupled to the compressor; and a diffuser assembly. The diffuser assembly includes a forward casing disposed at an aft end of a compressor; an inner barrel member disposed radially inward of the forward casing; and an array of radial flow splitters extending between the inner barrel member and the forward casing. Each radial flow splitter of the array of radial flow splitters includes a leading edge facing into a flow of air from the compressor, a trailing end wall opposite the leading edge, a pair of side walls extending between the leading edge and the trailing end wall, and a longitudinal axis extending through the leading edge and the trailing end wall. A width of each radial flow splitter increases from the leading edge to the trailing end wall. The pair of side walls diverge away from the longitudinal axis in a downstream direction corresponding to the flow of air.
The specification, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, sets forth a full and enabling disclosure of the present system and method, including the best mode of using the same. The specification refers to the appended figures, in which:
The detailed description explains embodiments of the present diffuser assembly (including an inner barrel member and radial flow splitters), together with its advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings.
To clearly describe the diffuser assembly, certain terminology will be used to refer to and describe relevant machine components within the scope of this disclosure. To the extent possible, common industry terminology will be used and employed in a manner consistent with the accepted meaning of the terms. Unless otherwise stated, such terminology should be given a broad interpretation consistent with the context of the present application and the scope of the appended claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that often a particular component may be referred to using several different or overlapping terms. What may be described herein as being a single part may include and be referenced in another context as consisting of multiple components. Alternatively, what may be described herein as including multiple components may be referred to elsewhere as a single part.
In addition, several descriptive terms may be used regularly herein, as described below. As used herein, “downstream” and “upstream” are terms that indicate a direction relative to the flow of a fluid, such as the working fluid through the turbine engine. The term “downstream” corresponds to the direction of flow of the fluid, and the term “upstream” refers to the direction opposite to the flow (i.e., the direction from which the fluid flows). The terms “forward” and “aft,” without any further specificity, refer to relative position, with “forward” being used to describe components or surfaces located toward the front (or compressor) end of the engine, and “aft” being used to describe components located toward the rearward (or turbine) end of the engine. Within the compressor or turbine sections, the term “forward” refers to components located toward the inlet end of the respective section, and the term “aft” refers to components located toward the outlet end of the respective section.
Additionally, the terms “leading” and “trailing” may be used and/or understood as being similar in description as the terms “forward” and “aft,” respectively. “Leading” may be used to describe, for example, a surface of a flow splitter over or around which a fluid initially flows, and “trailing” may be used to describe a surface of the flow splitter over or around which the fluid finally flows.
It is often required to describe parts that are at different radial, axial and/or circumferential positions. As shown in
A turbomachine, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, is indicated generally at 2 in
Air enters into the compressor section 4 through an intake system 14 fluidly connected to the compressor section 4 and is compressed through a series of stages of rotating blades and stationary vanes (not separately labeled). The compressed air flows through a forward (first) inner casing 20. A first portion of the compressed air is directed into the turbine wheel space (not separately labeled) for cooling purposes. A second portion of the compressed air is directed through a diffuser assembly 5 into the combustors 10 to mix with fuel to form a combustible mixture. The combustible mixture is combusted forming hot gases (also referred to as “combustion products”).
The hot gases are directed from the outlets of the combustors 10 into the turbine section 6. The hot gases drive rotating blade members (not separately labeled) in the turbine section 6, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy that rotates the rotor 12. The mechanical energy passes through the rotor 12 to drive an external component 18, which may be a generator, a pump, or the like. The hot gases pass from the turbine section 6 through an exhaust system 16, which may treat the exhaust gases to lower emissions. Although
The aft end of the compressor section 4 is shown in more detail in
The forward casing 20 extends axially between the last stage of compressor blades and vanes and the combustor section 8. The forward casing 20 includes an inner surface 21 and an outer surface 22 that is connected to, or made integrally with, the outer shell 3. The forward casing 20 is disposed radially outward of the inner barrel member 30.
The inner barrel member 30 has an upstream end 33, a downstream end 38, and an intermediate portion 34 that is disposed between the upstream end 33 and the downstream end 38. The intermediate portion 34 defines an inner surface 31 and an outer surface 32 of the inner barrel member 30. The aft end 35 of the intermediate portion 34 has a curved portion that curves radially outward from the inner surface 31 and terminates in a first radially oriented wall 36. At its forward end, an annular shelf 37 of the downstream end 38 of the inner barrel member 30 intersects the first radially oriented wall 36. The inner surface (not separately labeled) of the downstream end 38 may be inclined radially outward relative to the inner surface 31 of the intermediate portion 34, and the outer surface (defining the shelf 37) of the downstream end 38 may be positioned radially inward of the outer surface 32 of the intermediate portion 34.
At its aft end, the downstream end 38 of the inner barrel member 30 defines a second radially oriented wall 39 that is joined to an aft (second) inner casing 40 at a bolted joint 44 using mechanical fasteners 46, such as bolts. The second radially oriented wall 39 may have a shorter length in the radial direction than the first radially oriented wall 36. The aft inner casing 40, which may also be referred to as a “support ring,” includes an inner surface 41 and an outer surface 42.
A compressor airflow path 50 is defined between the inner surface 21 of the forward casing 20 and the outer surface 32 of the inner barrel member 30. Compressor discharge air moves through airflow path 50 in a downstream direction, where its velocity is reduced by a plurality of radial flow splitters 100 that are distributed circumferentially about the outer surface 32 of the inner barrel member 30. The radial flow splitters 100 define flow passages 110 therebetween (see
As shown in
The radial flow splitters 100 may be attached to the outer surface 32 of the inner barrel member 30 or may be formed materially, integrally with the inner barrel member 30, as shown in
As shown in
The leading edge 102 is disposed axially beneath an aft end 28 of the forward casing 20 and extends radially between the outer surface 32 of the inner barrel member 30 and the inner surface 21 of the forward casing 20. The trailing end wall 104 is disposed axially at the aft end 35 of the intermediate portion 34 of the inner barrel member 30 and forms a tapering surface that extends between the inner barrel member 30 and the top surface 105.
In the embodiment shown in
In this manner, the inner barrel member 30 is supported within the forward casing 20, eliminating the need for conventional struts that extend between the outer turbine shell 3 and the inner barrel member 30. As discussed above, conventional struts may disrupt the airflow paths between adjacent combustors 10 and may cause distortion of the inner barrel member 30 due to their higher temperature sensitivity relative to the lower temperature sensitivity of the inner barrel member 30.
Within the diffuser assembly 5, flow passages 110 are defined between the circumferentially adjacent radial flow splitters 100. As shown in
While the leading edge 102 is illustrated as defining a radius of curvature between the side wall 106 and the side wall 108, such a structure is not required. Rather, the leading edge 102 may be replaced by a leading end wall (not shown) that has a width in the circumferential direction that is smaller than the width of the trailing end wall 104. The resulting flow splitter has a shape resembling a trapezoid, rather than a triangular wedge as illustrated herein.
At this point it should be understood that the exemplary embodiments describe a diffuser assembly having an inner barrel member with radial flow splitters that include tapered surfaces that guide compressor air between adjacent transition piece outlets to be consumed by the combustors in the generation of combustion products that pass from each combustor. Integrating flow splitters into the inner barrel member and, optionally, the forward casing eliminates the need for outer shell-mounted struts that impede the airflow path and that can contribute to distortion of the inner barrel member. As a result, the present diffuser assembly with its circumferential array of radial flow splitters that are integrated with the inner barrel member and, optionally, the forward casing, creates a more favorable flow field about the combustors, which improves combustion dynamics, improves performance, and reduces emissions.
Further, the incorporation of the present diffuser assembly configuration of radial flow splitters with the inner barrel member enables a turbomachine having a shorter diffusing section that nonetheless exhibits performance characteristics of longer turbomachine. Moreover, aligning the radial flow splitters with a centerline of each combustor promotes more complete mixing of compressed air passing between adjacent combustors and resulting combustion products exiting each transition piece outlet. It should also be understood that there need not be a radial flow splitter associated with each transition piece.
While the present diffuser assembly has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the present subject matter is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the diffuser assembly can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the disclosure. While the technical advancements have been described in terms of various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical advancements can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the claims.
The present disclosure is a Continuation-In-Part application, which claims priority to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/966,667, filed Aug. 14, 2013, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 13966667 | Aug 2013 | US |
Child | 15912243 | US |