Patent Application
20230187769
The present invention relates to a gas venting device for discharging gas inside a battery module or battery pack, and a battery pack including the same.
This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0024304, filed on Feb. 23, 2021 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0021766, filed on Feb. 18, 2022, and the entire contents of the Korean patent applications are incorporated herein by reference.
Battery packs applied to electric vehicles and the like have a structure in which a plurality of battery modules including a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series or in parallel to obtain high output. In addition, the secondary batteries can be repeatedly charged and discharged by an electrochemical reaction between components including positive and negative current collectors, separators, active materials, electrolytes, and the like.
A secondary battery may generate gas from the inside thereof at any time while repeatedly charged and discharged, and the generated gas is called venting gas. For example, when an overcurrent flows, a temperature of the secondary battery inside the battery pack is rapidly increased. Such a rapid increase in temperature may cause a decomposition reaction of an electrolyte to generate gas. When the gas is generated from the secondary battery inside the battery pack, the gas may be collected inside the pack and the battery pack may explode, or the gas may be introduced into the interior of a vehicle or the like through a cooling duct of the battery pack or the like. Accordingly, a venting device capable of reducing the pressure in a battery pack by discharging gas inside the battery pack to the outside is provided in the battery pack.
Generally, a venting device has a structure in which a venting disc that can rupture according to internal pressure is inserted between an inlet through which gas inside a battery pack is introduced and an outlet through which the gas is discharged. However, since the conventional venting device has a simple cylindrical structure in which an inlet and outlet of gas are connected, the pressure between the inlet and the outlet is not large, and thus there is a limit to the flow rate of the gas that can be discharged.
An object of the present invention is to provide a gas venting device capable of discharging a larger flow amount per hour even with a venting disc having the same area, and a battery module and battery pack including the same.
The present invention is directed to providing a gas venting device including a first bracket having a through hole formed in a central portion thereof, a second bracket in which a through hole communicating with the first bracket is formed in a central portion thereof and which is fastened to the first bracket, and a venting disc which is fastened between the first bracket and the second bracket to shield the through holes and is configured to rupture when a predetermined pressure is applied, wherein a gas discharge flow path is formed in the through holes formed in the first bracket and the second bracket, and a cross-sectional area of the gas discharge flow path is continuously or gradually reduced in a gas discharge direction.
In a specific example, the gas venting device according to the present invention include a discharge guide member which is inserted into the through holes of the first bracket and the second bracket and has a gas discharge flow path formed in a central portion thereof, wherein a cross-sectional area of the gas discharge flow path may be continuously or gradually reduced in the gas discharge direction.
In this case, the discharge guide member may include a first discharge guide member inserted into the through hole formed in the first bracket, and a second discharge guide member inserted into the through hole formed in the second bracket, wherein a cross-sectional area of the gas discharge flow path formed by the first discharge guide member and the second discharge guide member may be continuously or gradually reduced in the gas discharge direction.
In an example, the gas discharge flow path may have a truncated conical shape.
In another example, the gas discharge flow path may have a truncated conical shape in which an inclined surface formed on an inner wall thereof is concavely or convexly curved, as the cross-sectional area thereof is continuously reduced.
In a specific example, a straight flow path having a constant cross-sectional area may be formed on the outlet side of the gas discharge flow path so as to follow the truncated cone-shaped flow path in which the inclined surface is concavely or convexly curved.
As another example, in the gas discharge flow path, a truncated conical-shaped flow path, in which an inclined surface formed on an inner wall thereof is concavely curved, and a truncated cone-shaped flow path, in which an inclined surface is convexly curved, may be consecutively formed, as the cross-sectional area thereof is continuously reduced.
As still another example, in the gas discharge flow path, a truncated conical-shaped flow path, in which an inclined surface formed on an inner wall thereof is convexly curved, and a truncated cone-shaped flow path, in which an inclined surface is concavely curved, may be consecutively formed, as the cross-sectional area thereof is continuously reduced.
In a specific example, a protrusion having a screw thread, an embossing, or a straight-line shaped pattern may be formed on an inner wall of the gas discharge flow path.
In an example, a fastening portion for fastening the discharge guide member to the first and second brackets may protrude from an outer surface of the discharge guide member, and a fastening hole for bolt fastening with the first and second brackets may be formed in the fastening portion.
In another example, the first bracket and the second brackets may be fastened to the discharge guide member in a screw fastening manner.
Meanwhile, the venting disc may include a disc outer peripheral portion fastened to the first bracket and the second bracket, and a disc inner peripheral portion which is integrally formed with the disc outer peripheral portion as one body, shields the through holes, and ruptures when a predetermined pressure is applied, wherein a notch may be formed in the disc inner peripheral portion so as to rupture when the predetermined pressure is applied.
Further, the present invention provides a battery module including the gas venting device as described above.
The battery module may include a plurality of secondary batteries, and a module frame on which the secondary batteries are mounted, wherein the gas venting device as described above may be fastened to one side of the module frame.
In an example, the gas venting device may be fastened to the module frame that is in a state of being in contact with the first bracket. In another example, the gas venting device may be fastened to the module frame in a state in which the first bracket is in contact with an inner surface of the module frame and the second bracket is in contact with an outer surface of the module frame.
Further, the present invention provides a battery pack including the gas venting device as described above.
The battery pack may include at least one battery module including a plurality of secondary batteries, and a battery pack case including a tray on which the battery module is mounted and a pack cover that covers the battery module, wherein the gas venting device as described above may be fastened to one side of the battery pack case.
In an example, the gas venting device may be fastened to the battery pack case that is in a state of being in contact with the first bracket or the second bracket.
In another example, the gas venting device may be fastened to the battery pack case in a state in which the first bracket is in contact with an inner surface of the battery pack case and the second bracket is in contact with an outer surface of the battery pack case.
According to a gas venting device according to the present invention and a battery module or battery pack including the same, a larger flow amount can be discharged per hour even when a venting disc having the same area is used, and thus the safety of the battery module and battery pack can be improved.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to commonly used meanings or meanings in dictionaries and should be construed with meanings and concepts which are consistent with the technological scope of the present invention based on the principle that the inventors have appropriately defined concepts of terms in order to describe the present invention in the best way.
It should be understood that the terms “comprise,” “comprising,” “include,” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts, and/or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts, and/or combinations thereof. In addition, when a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being “formed on” another element, it includes a case in which the layer, film, region, or plate is formed directly on another element and a case in which the other layer, film, region, or plate is formed on another element with still another element therebetween. In contrast, when a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being “formed below” another element, it includes a case in which the layer, film, region, or plate is formed directly below another element and a case in which the other layer, film, region, or plate is formed below another element with still another element therebetween. In addition, in the present invention, when an element is referred to as being located “on” another element, it includes a case in which an element is disposed above another element and a case in which an element is disposed under another element.
Hereinafter the present invention will be described in detail.
Referring to
Generally, a plurality of battery modules are mounted in a battery pack, and a plurality of secondary batteries are embedded in each battery module. The secondary batteries generate gas due to a decomposition reaction of an electrolyte or the like as the secondary batteries are repeatedly charged and discharged. Heat generated during the charging and discharging process of the batteries promotes gas generation and expands the gas, thereby increasing the pressure inside the battery module or battery pack. When such a process continues, the battery module or the battery pack may explode or the gas inside the battery module or battery pack may be introduced into the interior of a vehicle through a duct or the like. Therefore, a venting device, in which a venting disc ruptures to discharge gas when the pressure of the gas is a predetermined value or higher, is attached.
Such gas is generally a compressible fluid whose volume changes with respect to pressure. When air flows at a high speed, pressure and density are increased in some regions, and a volume of the air is reduced. However, in the process of discharging the gas as described above, a discharging rate of the gas is small, and thus an incompressible flow phenomenon in which a change in volume according to pressure is negligible occurs. In the incompressible flow, a total pressure on a fluid is constant, and the pressure and flow rate of the fluid are inversely proportional. That is, when the pressure of the fluid increases, a flow rate decreases, and when the pressure of the fluid decreases, the flow rate increases.
As described above, since the conventional venting device has a simple cylindrical structure in which an inlet and outlet of gas are connected, the pressure between the inlet and the outlet is not large, and thus there is a limit to the flow rate of the gas that can be discharged.
In contrast, when the cross-sectional area of the gas discharge flow path is continuously or gradually reduced in the gas discharge direction as in the present invention, as the flow rate of air decreases at the inlet having a large cross-sectional area, the internal pressure increases, and as the flow rate of air increases at the outlet having a small cross-sectional area, the internal pressure decreases. Accordingly, a difference in pressure between the inlet and the outlet is further increased locally, and a larger amount of gas can be discharged even when a venting disc having the same area is used. Therefore, when the internal pressure due to the gas generated inside the battery module or battery pack exceeds a reference value, the safety of the battery module and battery pack can be improved by rapidly discharging the gas.
Hereinafter, a structure of the gas venting device according to the present invention will be described in detail.
Referring to
The venting disc 130 may be fastened between the first bracket 110 and the second bracket 120 to shield the through holes and may be configured to rupture when a predetermined pressure is applied.
Meanwhile, the gas discharge flow path is formed in the through holes formed in the first bracket 110 and the second bracket 120. Specifically, the gas venting device 100 according to the present invention includes a discharge guide member 140 which is inserted into the through holes of the first bracket 110 and the second bracket 120 and has a gas discharge flow path 141 formed in a central portion thereof. The gas discharge flow path formed in the through holes may be formed by the discharge guide member 140, and in this case, a cross-sectional area of the gas discharge flow path 141 formed in the discharge guide member 140 is continuously or gradually reduced in the gas discharge direction.
That is, in the present invention, the shape of the gas discharge flow path formed in the brackets 110 and 120 may be formed by forming the shape of the through hole itself, but it is possible to insert a separate discharge guide member 140 into the brackets 110 and 120 to form the gas discharge flow path as described above. The discharge guide member 140 has a detachable/attachable or replaceable structure. In the present invention, by using a separate discharge guide member 140 for the brackets 110 and 120, the gas can be smoothly discharged, parts can be easily replaced, and the shape of the flow path can be easily changed.
In the present invention, in order to improve the efficiency of gas discharge, the cross-sectional area may be changed while maximizing a length of the gas discharge flow path. In the present invention, since the venting disc 130 is positioned between the first bracket 110 and the second bracket 120, the discharge guide member 140 may also be inserted into the through holes formed in the first bracket 110 and the second bracket 120. Specifically, the discharge guide member 140 includes a first discharge guide member 140a inserted into the through hole formed in the first bracket 110 and a second discharge guide member 140b inserted into the through hole formed in the second bracket 120. Here, the cross-sectional area of the gas discharge flow path 141 formed by the first discharge guide member 140a and the second discharge guide member 140b is continuously or gradually reduced in the gas discharge direction. That is, there is no step difference between the first discharge guide member 141a and the second discharge guide member 140b, and the gas discharge flow path 141 is formed with one continuous surface. Accordingly, movement of the gas introduced into the brackets 110 and 120 may not be hindered and the gas can be smoothly discharged.
Further, the gas discharge flow path 141 formed by the discharge guide member 140 may be designed, for example, to have a circular shape, as illustrated in
Such a straight cross-sectional profile is simple, and thus it is easy to manufacture the cross-sectional profile, but when the cross-sectional profile is connected to other parts such as a pipe and the like, an angular portion may be formed on the wall of the flow path, and thus some sections in which the flow is unstable may be generated. Further, since the reduction rate of the cross-sectional area is constant, for example, when a gas whose flow is unstable is introduced from the inlet of the flow path, flow instability of the gas cannot be resolved and is highly likely to be maintained up to the outlet of the flow path. That is, the flow path having a constant reduction rate in cross-sectional area has a disadvantage in that a degree of freedom to adjust flow instability within the corresponding flow path is reduced.
On the other hand, when the reduction rate of the cross-sectional area is changed along the flow path, there is an advantage in that the above-described flow instability may be adjusted and managed within the flow path.
Referring to
Here, the shape in which the inclined surface is concavely curved refers to a shape in which the inclined surface is recessed toward the outside of the gas discharge flow path in a vertical cross section of the flow path. In this case, a reduction rate of the cross-sectional area is small near the inlet 142 through which the gas is introduced, and is increased toward the outlet 143 through which the gas is discharged. Since the gas discharge flow path 141 having the cross-sectional profile of the concave curved shape as described above has a shape in which the cross-sectional area of the flow path on the outlet 143 side is rapidly reduced, a difference in pressure (differential pressure) between the inlet 142 and the outlet 143 of the flow path may be increased. That is, as compared to the gas discharge flow path 141 of the embodiment of
Further, referring to
Here, the shape in which the inclined surface is convexly curved refers to a shape in which the inclined surface protrudes toward the center of the flow path in a vertical cross section of the flow path. In this case, a reduction rate of the cross-sectional area is large near the inlet 142 through which the gas is introduced, and is reduced toward the outlet 143 through which the gas is discharged. The gas discharge flow path 141 having the cross-sectional profile of the convex curved shape of
Meanwhile, as described above, in order to achieve both effects of increasing the difference in pressure between the inlet and the outlet and increasing flow stability, the cross-sectional profile of the gas discharge flow path 141 may be configured in a form in which a curve and a straight line are combined as illustrated in
Referring to
Referring to
In particular, the gas venting device 100 having the discharge guide member 140 of the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
Further, in order to achieve both effects of increasing the difference in pressure between the inlet and the outlet and increasing flow stability, the gas discharge flow path 141 may be configured in a form in which curves having different curvatures are combined, as illustrated in
In
The flow path of
In addition to the above effects, since the gas discharge flow path 141 of
A dotted line of
In
Since the cross-sectional area of the flow path of
Further, since the gas discharge flow path 141 of
A dotted line of
The venting devices of
In addition to the above, in the discharge guide member, the shape of the flow path formed therein may be designed in various forms according to safety standards of battery packs.
Further, the cross-sectional area of the outlet 143 of the gas discharge flow path 141 may be appropriately selected according to structures of the battery module and a battery pack or safety conditions to be achieved, but may range from 40% to 80% of the cross-sectional area of the inlet 142. Specifically, the cross-sectional area of the outlet may range from 50 to 70% of the cross-sectional area of the inlet, and more specifically, may range from 55 to 65%. When the cross-sectional area of the outlet is less than 40% of the cross-sectional area of the inlet, the outlet is too narrow. On the other hand, when the cross-sectional area of the outlet exceeds 80% of the cross-sectional area of the inlet, a difference in cross-sectional area between the inlet and the outlet is excessively reduced and a pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet is reduced, and thus the efficiency of gas venting is reduced.
Further, a pattern (not illustrated) for assisting gas discharge may be formed on the inner wall 144 of the gas discharge flow path 141. For example, the pattern may have a shape of a protrusion having a screw thread, an embossing, or a straight-line shaped pattern parallel to the gas discharge direction. Specifically, the pattern may be formed in the form of a screw thread protrusion surrounding the inside of the flow path along the inner wall of the flow path. Such a pattern may promote the discharge of the gas.
Meanwhile, since the discharge guide member is fastened to the brackets, stable gas discharge may be promoted even during gas venting.
In an example, brackets 110 and 120 and a discharge guide member 140 may be fastened by bolt fastening. In this case, as illustrated in
Meanwhile, positions at which the fastening portions 145 are formed may be appropriately designed. For example, as illustrated in
In another example, the first bracket 110 and the second bracket 120 may be fastened to the discharge guide member 140 in a screw fastening manner. In this case, as illustrated in
Meanwhile, referring to
The disc outer peripheral portion 131 is a portion for fixing the brackets 110 and 120 and the venting disc 130, and has one surface in contact with the first bracket 110 and the other surface in contact with the second bracket 120. The disc outer peripheral portion 131 may include bolt through holes 133 in a circumferential direction, and the first bracket 110, the disc outer peripheral portion 131, and the second bracket 120 may be integrally coupled through a bolt fastening method. When the discharge guide member has a structure in which the fastening portion is formed, the discharge guide member may be coupled to the brackets and the venting disc.
The disc inner peripheral portion 132 is made of a metal or plastic material that can rupture when a predetermined pressure is applied. For example, the disc inner peripheral portion 132 may be formed of a thin metal or plastic material such as copper, aluminum, or stainless steel. The disc inner peripheral portion 132 may be appropriately selected according to pressure conditions at the time of rupture, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The disc inner peripheral portion 132 prevents moisture or foreign substances from penetrating into the battery module or the battery pack by blocking the through holes formed in the first bracket 110 and the second bracket 120 under normal conditions. However, when a large amount of gas is generated from the battery module or the battery pack, the pressure inside the battery module or the battery pack is increased, and the pressure acts as a force to rupture the disc inner peripheral portion 132. In this case, since the pressure inside the battery module or the battery pack is higher than an atmosphere pressure outside, the gas inside the battery module or the battery pack may be discharged to the outside of the battery module or the battery pack due to a negative pressure.
A notch 134 is formed in the disc inner peripheral portion 132 so as to rupture when a predetermined pressure is applied. The notch 134 is formed by being partially cut out from a surface of the venting disc 130 in a thickness direction thereof. The notch 134 may be designed to have a shape such as a cross shape, a circular shape, a quadrangular shape, a U shape, an elliptical shape, an arc shape, or the like, and the notch 134 may have a cross section having a shape such as a trapezoidal shape, a V shape, a quadrangular shape, an arc shape, or the like. The shape of the notch 134 formed in the disc inner peripheral portion 132 is not necessarily limited thereto, and the notch 134 may have one of various shapes. For example, the notch 134 may have an X-shape as illustrated in
Further, a disc pad (not illustrated) may be interposed between the first bracket 110 and the venting disc 130 and/or between the second bracket 120 and the venting disc 130. The disc pad may be provided to have a shape corresponding to the disc outer peripheral portion 131, that is, an annular shape, or a ring shape. The disc pad is provided to increase the airtightness between the first bracket 110 and the venting disc 130 or between the second bracket 120 and the venting disc 130 and prevent damage to the disc outer peripheral portion 131. For example, the disc pad may be formed of a rubber material having elasticity or the like.
Further, the present invention provides a battery module including the gas venting device as described above.
Referring to
Specifically, the secondary battery has a shape in which an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separation film are alternately stacked is mounted in a cell case together with an electrolyte. Since a configuration of the secondary battery is clear to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, a more detailed description thereof will be omitted.
In an example, the gas venting device 100 may be fastened to the module frame 210 that is in a state of being in contact with the first bracket 110 or the second bracket 120 as illustrated in
In another example, in the battery module 200, the gas venting device 100 may be fastened to the module frame 210 that is in a state of being interposed between the first bracket 110 and the second bracket 120. Specifically, as illustrated in
Meanwhile, the battery module 200 may further include a sealing member (not illustrated) for sealing a gap between the module frame 210 and an outer periphery of the gas venting device 100. The sealing member may include a rubber ring or a silicone resin, and may be installed in a gap between the gas venting device and the module frame to seal the battery module.
Further, the present invention provides a battery pack including the gas venting device as described above.
The battery pack according to the present invention includes a battery module including a plurality of secondary batteries, and a battery pack case including a tray on which the battery module is mounted and a pack cover that covers the battery module, wherein the gas venting device as described above may be fastened to one side of the battery pack case.
In this case, the gas venting device may be fastened to the battery pack case in the same manner as described above.
In an example, the gas venting device may be fastened to the battery pack case that is in a state of being in contact with the first bracket. In this case, the first bracket may be fastened to the battery pack case that is in a state of being in contact with a surface opposite to a surface in contact with the venting disc. In the battery pack case, holes corresponding to the fastening holes, which are formed in the fastening portions of the first bracket, the second bracket, the venting disc, and the discharge guide member, may be formed, and thus the first bracket, the venting disc, the discharge guide member, and the second bracket may be fixed to the battery pack case by bolt fastening one time. Furthermore, in the battery pack case, holes have a size corresponding to the through holes, which are formed in the brackets, may be formed, and thus the holes may serve as a path through which the gas generated in the module is discharged.
In another example, the gas venting device may be fastened to the battery pack case that is in a state of being interposed between the first bracket and the second bracket. Specifically, the gas venting device may be fastened to the battery pack case in a state in which the first bracket is in contact with the inner surface of the battery pack case and the second bracket is in contact with the outer surface of the battery pack case. In this case, the position of the venting disc is not particularly limited, and the venting disc may be interposed between and fastened to the first bracket and the battery pack case or interposed between and fastened to the second bracket and the battery pack case. When the fastening portion is formed in the discharge guide member, the venting disc is positioned between the fastening portion and the battery pack case.
Similarly, the battery pack may include a sealing member for sealing a gap between the battery pack case and an outer periphery of the gas venting device. Specifically, the sealing member may include a rubber ring or a silicone resin, and may be installed in a gap between the gas venting device and the battery pack case to seal the battery pack. That is, in a state in which the inside of the battery pack according to the present invention is sealed, when the internal pressure exceeds a reference value, the venting disc may rupture and the gas inside the battery pack may be discharged to the outside, and as the cross-sectional area of the flow path is continuously or gradually reduced in the gas discharge direction, a larger amount of gas can be discharged.
While the present invention has been particularly described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those of skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed above and in the accompanying drawings should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. The scope of the present invention is defined not by the detailed description of the present invention but by the appended claims, and encompasses all equivalents that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Meanwhile, in this specification, terms indicating directions such as up, down, left, right, front, and back are used, and it should be clear that these terms are for convenience of description only, and may vary depending on the position of the object or the position of the observer.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2021-0024304 | Feb 2021 | KR | national |
| 10-2022-0021766 | Feb 2022 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2022/002497 | 2/21/2022 | WO |
