Patent Application
20130001456
The invention relates to valves for selectively conducting fluids under pressure. Embodiments of the invention provide valves having removable seat elements.
Gate valves may be used to control the flow of fluid in conduits. Some applications where gate valves are used are characterized by high temperatures (e.g. in excess of 350° C.) and/or pressures (e.g. in excess of 15,000 kPa). The pressure and temperature ratings of gate valves are typically characterized by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) or other similar nationally or internationally recognized institutions. Specifically, the standard ASME B16.34 covers valves—flanged, threaded and welded end—and specified allowable maximum pressures and temperatures. Relatively recently, gate valves have been constructed with relatively large cross-sectional sizes (e.g. in excess of 20 inches in diameter) and to pressure and temperature ratings according to ASME B16.34 Class 600 and higher. Non-limiting examples of applications where such gate valves are used include steam assisted gravity drain (SAGD) oil extraction, hydrocarbon or other chemical processing, steam turbine power generation, steam generation and/or processing applications, other steam-based applications and/or the like.
A first seat ring 120 is installed at inlet port 114. A second seat ring 130 is installed at outlet port 116. Seat rings 120, 130 respectively comprise seat faces 122, 132. Where high temperatures and/or pressures preclude or otherwise make it inconvenient to use elastomer gaskets, seat rings 120, 130 are respectively secured in ports 114, 116 using annular welds 124, 134. A stem 150 is movable to drive obturator 160 against seat rings 120, 130. In the illustrated gate valve 100, stem 150 may be lowered to respectively press the outward faces 164, 166 of obturator 160 against faces 122, 132 of seat rings 120, 130 (i.e. closing valve 100) and stem 150 may be raised to move outward faces 164, 166 of obturator 160 away from faces 122, 132 of seat rings 120, 130 (i.e. opening valve 100). Because of the shape of obturator 160, valve 100 may be referred to as a wedge-gate valve.
In use of valve 100, seat faces 122, 132 may become worn or the quality of seat faces 122, 132 may otherwise deteriorate. By way of non-limiting example, such wear and/or quality deterioration may occur due to friction with obturator 160, debris in fluid passing through valve 100, corrosion, and/or the like. Worn or otherwise degraded seat faces 122, 132 are associated with poor sealing between obturator 160 and seat rings 120, 130. Such poor seals can cause valve 100 to leak, to function inefficiently and/or to cease functioning at an acceptable level or altogether. Such poor seals can cause also cause further damage to valve 100 (e.g. further degradation of seat faces 122, 132 or the like) and/or to other parts of the system (not shown) in which valve 100 is operating.
Servicing prior art valve 100 (e.g. because of worn or otherwise degraded seat faces 122, 132) typically involves removing valve 100 from the conduit and either replacing valve 100 or transporting valve 100 to a suitable location (e.g. a machine shop) for servicing. Once valve 100 is removed from the conduit and transported to a service location, servicing valve 100 may involve cutting welds 124, 134 to facilitate the removal of seat rings 120, 130, removing seat rings 120, 130 from valve 100 and either replacing seat rings 120, 130 with new seat rings or resurfacing seat faces 122, 132 using suitable machining techniques (e.g. grinding). Because of this process, servicing prior art valve 100 (e.g. because of worn or otherwise degraded seat faces 122, 132) can be time consuming, costly and dangerous. Moreover, the system in which valve 100 operates has to be shut down while valve 100 is being services which can exacerbate the costs associated with servicing valve 100.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,175,802 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,689,028 purport to describe valve assemblies having removable seat rings. These valve assemblies are not suitable for services in valves having large cross-sectional area (e.g. greater than 20 inches in diameter) and/or in pressure and temperatures designated by ASME B16.34 as class 600 or higher.
There is a general desire for valves and/or seat rings wherein the seat rings are easily removed from the valves and new or refurbished seat rings are easily replaced into the valves in situ (e.g. without disconnecting the valve bodies from their associated upstream or downstream conduits) and corresponding methods for in situ removal of seat rings from, and replacement of seat rings into, valves. There is a further desire for such valves, seat rings and methods to have application in high temperature and/or high pressure environments.
The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described and illustrated in conjunction with systems, tools and methods which are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. In various embodiments, one or more of the above-described problems have been reduced or eliminated, while other embodiments are directed to other improvements.
One aspect of the invention provides a gate valve for controlling flow of pressurized operating fluid. The gate valve comprises: a valve body having a seat pocket, the seat pocket having an annular shoulder sealing face; an annular seat ring having on opposite sides an annular seat face and annular flange sealing face, the flange sealing face having an annular groove defined thereon; a plurality of fasteners configured to bring the flange sealing face of the seat ring to a mechanical stop on the shoulder sealing face of the seat pocket; and a dynamically-energized seal located in the annular groove, the dynamically-energized seal configured to be plastically and elastically compressed by a seating load between the seat ring and the valve body when the flange sealing face of the seat ring has reached mechanical stop on the shoulder sealing face of the seat pocket.
In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above, further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by study of the following detailed descriptions.
Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures of the drawings. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.
Throughout the following description specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding to persons skilled in the art. However, well known elements may not have been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the disclosure. Accordingly, the description and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative, rather than a restrictive, sense.
Valve 200 includes a first seat ring 220 installed at inlet port 214 and a second seat ring 230 installed at outlet port 216. Seat rings 220, 230 respectively comprise annular seat faces 222, 232. In the illustrated embodiment, where valve 200 is a wedge gate valve, annular seat faces 222, 232 may be bevelled to mate with correspondingly bevelled surfaces 264, 266 of wedge-shaped obturator (gate) 260 (explained in more detail below). Typical bevel angles for seat faces 222, 232 are in a range of 3-10°. When seat rings 220, 230 are installed in valve 200, seat faces 222, 232 are in spaced opposition to one another, seat faces 222, 232 encircle (or otherwise extend around) flow passageway 212, and seat rings 220, 230, seat faces 222, 232 and inlet and outlet ports 214, 216 may be co-axial.
Neck 213 of valve body 210 defines an access aperture 218 which may be sealed by a removable bonnet 240. In the illustrated embodiment, valve 200 comprises a so-called pressure seal bonnet 240 which is characterized by the feature that increased process pressure (i.e. increased pressure of fluid located in or moving through flow passageway 212) causes increased pressure of bonnet 240 on seal(s) 241 and a correspondingly stronger seal between bonnet 240 and valve body 210. Pressure seal bonnet 240 of the illustrated embodiment is suitable for high temperature and/or pressure applications (e.g. ASME B16.34 Class 600 and higher). However, in other embodiments (e.g. for applications at pressures and/or temperatures below ASME B16.34 Class 600), valves may comprise so called bolted bonnets where the bonnet is bolted to the valve body. Valves comprising bolted bonnets may be used for lower temperature and/or pressure applications and/or applications where abrasion is an issue—e.g. where sand or other debris is entrapped in the fluid being conducted by the valve.
A stem 250 extends through bonnet 240 and neck 213 of valve body, intersecting flow passageway 212. An obturator (gate) 260 is coupled to a hub 252 located at an interior end of stem 250. In the illustrated embodiment, obturator 260 is wedge-shaped to provide beveled surfaces 264, 266. Stem 250 is axially positionable within neck 213 of valve body 210 to move obturator 260 between an open position and a closed position. Stem 250 may be moved in this manner by any of a variety of manual or automated control mechanisms known in the art. In the illusrated embodiment, when stem 250 is moved to the closed position, obturator 260 is driven (torque seated) against seat rings 220, 230, such that its beveled faces 264, 266 are forced into abutting engagement with corresponding beveled faces 222, 232 of seat rings 220, 230.
In the illustrated embodiment, the wedge shape of obturator 260 is a so called flex gate obturator provided by a pair of spaced apart wedge elements 264A, 266A, separated by a dimensionally smaller mid-section 262. The relatively small dimension of mid-section 262 permits wedge elements 264A, 266A to flex or otherwise move slightly relative to one another when obturator 260 is torque seated to accommodate imperfections in seat rings 220, 230. It is not necessary that valves according to the invention be flex gate valves or that valves according to the invention be torque seated valves. Valves according to other embodiments may generally comprise any torque seated gate valve or position seated gate valve (e.g. a parallel slide position seated gate valve).
Seat rings 220, 230 are respectively configured (e.g. shaped and/or sized) to fit into seat pockets 280, 290 defined in valve body 210. Seat ring 230 and seat pocket 290 are described in detail below, it being understood that seat ring 220 and seat pocket 280 may be substantially similar (in mirror image) to seat ring 230 and seat pocket 290. Seat ring 230 and seat pocket 290 may be seen best in
Seat pocket 290 comprises a counterbore 292 terminating in a flat annular shoulder sealing face 294. Seat ring 230 comprises an annular flange 234, the outer diameter of which is sized to fit axially within counterbore 292 Annular flange 234 comprises a flange sealing face 236 on the side of seat ring 230 opposite from sealing face 232. Flange sealing face 236 is configured (e.g. shaped and/or sized) to seal against annular shoulder sealing face 294 of seat pocket 290.
Seat ring 230 is installed and secured in seat pocket 290 using a plurality of fasteners 270 (
In the illustrated embodiment, fasteners 270 comprise externally threaded fasteners (e.g. bolts) configured to mate with corresponding internally threaded recesses 296 defined in valve body 210 on annular shoulder sealing face 294. In other embodiments, fasteners 270 used to install and secure seat ring 230 in seat pocket 290 may comprise a combination of externally threaded studs sealed into internally threaded recesses 296 of valve body 210 and nuts which may be located in counterbores 238 of seat ring 230 and threadably secured to the opposing ends of the studs.
The illustrated cross-sectional views show only two fasteners 270 and two corresponding bores 237 and recesses 296. However, a greater number (e.g. 24 or more) fasteners 270, bores 237 and recesses 296 may be circumferentially symmetrically arranged around passageway 212. Providing a relatively large number of relatively small fasteners 270 at relatively tight spacing may be advantageous. The relatively small diameter of smaller fasteners 270 means that less torque is required on each fastener to force seat ring 230 into engagement with valve body with sufficient force to establish a seating load which “pre-energizes” metal seal 242 (explained in more detail below). In some applications, dynamically energized metal seal 242 has minimum specified pre-energizing seating load requirements. Such seating load requirements may be expressed in units of force per unit length. Having a relatively large number of relatively small fasteners at relatively tight spacing may help to meet such seating load specifications with relatively low torques on the individual ones of fasteners 270. Also, the seating load provided by a relatively large number of relatively tightly spaced fasteners 270 is more uniform which minimizes or reduces stress regions. Smaller fasteners 270 may also be advantageous because if fasteners 270 experience galling, particularly where valve 200 is being used at high pressures and/or temperatures, then less torque may be required to remove fasteners 270 for servicing and/or replacement of seat rings 220, 230 (explained further below). In some embodiments, the diameter of the shanks 272 of fasteners 270 is less than or equal to ¾″. In some embodiments, this diameter is less than ½″.
In the illustrated view, fasteners 270, bores 237 and recesses 296 are shown at only one radial distance from a central axis of passageway 212. This is not necessary. In some embodiments, fasteners 270, bores 237 and recesses 296 may be provided at different radial distances from a central axis of passageway 212. Such different radial distances may be both radially inside and radially outside of grooves 235 and metal seal 242 (explained in more detail below). Fasteners 270, bores 237 and recesses 296 may be arranged in a pattern that determines the orientation of seat ring 230 in seat pocket 290. In some embodiments, valve body 210 and/or seat ring 230 may comprise one or more alignment pins or projections which fit into corresponding alignment recesses in the other one of valve body 210 and/or seat ring 230 to ensure the orientation of seat ring 230 in seat pocket 290.
The threads of fasteners 270 and/or threaded recesses 296 may plated, such as with gold, silver or the like. Such coating may inhibit oxidation and may also reduce galling of the threads of fasteners 270 and recesses 296 of valve body 210. Having relatively small fasteners 270 may make it relatively inexpensive to coat the threads of fasteners 270 with such materials.
The view shown in
Seal 242 and groove 235 are configured (e.g. sized and/or shaped) so that seal 242 is subjected to, and pre-energized by, a desired seating load when seat ring 230 is secured in seat pocket 290 of valve body 210. Prior to being subjected to the seating load, seal 242 has a free dimension H greater than a depth G of groove 235 (
When subjected to a seating load in this manner, seal 242 exerts a reaction load and may produce a corresponding contact stress over a first annular contact area 244 between seal 242 and annular shoulder sealing face 294 of valve body 210 and over a second annular contact area 245 between seal 242 and one or more surfaces of groove 235 of seat ring 230. Because annular contact areas 244, 245 are relatively small in comparison with the contact area between flange sealing face 236 of seat ring 230 and shoulder sealing face 294 of valve body 210, the force per unit area of annular contact areas 244, 245 is relatively large in comparison with the contact force per unit area of the contact area between sealing faces 236, 294. As a result, relative large contact stresses may be generated over contact areas 244, 245. As discussed above, some metal seals 242 have minimum specified seating loads which are typically expressed in units of force per unit length. The relatively large contact stresses generated over contact areas 244, 245 may achieve these minimum specified seating loads with relatively little force between sealing faces 236, 294.
Groove 235 and metal seal 242 may be configured so that metal seal 242 is pre-tensioned or partially pre-tensioned by contact forces from one or both sidewalls of groove 235.
When valve 200 is in use (particularly for high pressure applications), process pressure may act against the seating load, effectively reducing the seating load experienced by seal 242. Reduction of the seating load experienced by seal 242 causes dynamically-energized seal 242 to “spring back” (e.g. elastically expand) and to thereby maintain the seal between flange sealing face 236 of seat ring 230 and shoulder sealing face 294 of valve body 210. In some cases, pressurized operating fluid from flow passageway 212 (not shown in
Dynamically-energized metal seals (of which seal 242 is an example) typically require less seating load to deliver the same sealing performance as seals energized exclusively by seating loads. Accordingly, use of dynamically-energized metal seals requires correspondingly less force to be asserted by fasteners 270 to connect seat ring 230 to valve body 210. Advantageously, fasteners 270 required to assert less force may be smaller, more easily installed, less prone to failure, less prone to galling within a high pressure valve and/or less expensive than fasteners required to assert more force.
In particular embodiments, dynamically-energized metal seals (of which seal 242 is an example) may have free heights on the order of 0.04-1.0 inches. In particular embodiments, dynamically-energized metal seals may have springback ranges on the order of 0.01-0.5 inches. In particular embodiments, the seating loads for dynamically energize metal seals may be over 1,000 lbs/inch. In some embodiments such seating loads may be over 1,500 lbs/inch/
Dynamically-energized metal seals may be formed of materials capable of withstanding greater temperatures and pressures than elastomer seals. As a result, valves according to embodiments disclose herein may be useful in applications where temperature and/or pressure precludes the use of elastomer seals (e.g. in applications where seat rings are secured in valve bodies by welding or by threaded connection between seat ring and valve body).
Dynamically-energized metal seals described herein may comprise (e.g. be formed of) metallic and/or composite materials. In some embodiments, metal seals comprise austenitic nickel-chromium-based alloy (e.g. an alloy selected from the Inconel™ family of alloys produced by Special Metal Corporation, the Hastalloy™ family of alloys produced by Haynes International, Inc., the Waspalloy™ family of alloys produced by United Technology Corp., the Rene family of alloys produced by General Electric and/or the like).
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure, many alterations and modifications are possible in the practice of this invention without departing from the spirit or scope thereof For example:
While a number of exemplary features and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations thereof It is therefore intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations as are within their true scope.
This application claims the benefit of the priority date of U.S. application No. 61/494,695 filed 8 Jun. 2011 which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61494695 | Jun 2011 | US |
