GEAR ACTUATOR

Abstract

The invention relates to a gear actuator for shifting a gear, with an alley switch actuator (12), a gear switch actuator (14) and a shift finger (36), which can be moved by an alley switch actuator (12) and a gear switch actuator (14) for the purpose of transferring a switching movement to the gear. An alley switch sliding element (34), connected with the alley switch actuator (12) and a gear switch sliding element (32), connected with the gear shift actuator (14), are provided according to the invention. The shift finger (36) is supported movably at the alley switch sliding element (34) and at the gear switch sliding element (32).

Description

The present invention generally relates to a gear actuator for shifting a transmission, having a gate shifting drive, a gear shifting drive, and a selector finger that can be moved by the gate shifting drive and by the gear shifting drive for transmitting a shifting Movement to the transmission.

Known gear actuators of the general type under consideration have a selector finger that is mounted pivotably on a shifting drive and converts a linear movement of the shifting drive into a pivoting movement. Pivoting of the selector finger leads to changing of a gear or a gate of the transmission.

It is a disadvantage of known gear actuators that they have to be tailored individually to the respective transmission. Previously, it has not involved any great disadvantage, since gear actuators are installed in serial production in trucks, for example. If, however, existing trucks having manual transmissions are to be retrofitted with gear actuators, a new gear actuator has to be constructed for each transmission, which is complicated and expensive. In addition, the individuality of the gear actuators leads to complex stock keeping.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome disadvantages associated with the prior art. The invention solves the problem by way of embodiments of a gear actuator comprising a gate shifting displacement piece connected to the gate shifting drive, and a gear shifting displacement piece connected to the gear shifting drive, the selector finger being mounted on the gate shifting displacement piece and the gear shifting displacement piece such that it is guided displaceably.

An advantage of the inventive gear actuator is its capability to be modularized. As a result the selector finger being mounted in a displaceably guided manner, different shifting paths in different transmissions, for example, can be set easily by the shifting movement being limited by stops, for example. One gear actuator can therefore be used for many different types of transmissions. It is a further advantage that the inventive gear actuator is robust and has a simple construction. In addition, it can be assembled easily from standard components. Also, the foregoing results in low warehouse and logistics expenditure in the maintenance of inventive gear actuators.

In the context of the present description, agate shifting drive is understood to mean, in particular, an automatic drive that is constructed and arranged such that a gate of the transmission can be changed with its aid if the gear actuator is mounted on the transmission. Analogously, a gear shifting drive is understood to mean, in particular, an automatic drive that is configured for shifting between two gears of the transmission.

A selector finger is understood to mean, in particular, every component that transmits the shifting movement of the gear actuator to the transmission. To this end, the selector finger does not have to be of finger-like configuration. It is also possible that the selector finger comprises a corresponding mating piece of the transmission or is coupled mechanically to it in a different way.

It is possible, but not necessary, that the selector finger is arranged between the gear shifting displacement piece and the gate shifting displacement piece. In this case, the selector finger can be mounted by means of a linear guide on the gear shifting displacement piece firstly and by way of a further linear guide on the gate shifting displacement piece such that it is guided displaceably. A particularly simple construction results if the guides are straight linear guides that extend along a straight line.

According to one embodiment, the gate shifting drive has a gate shifting working direction, and the gear shifting drive has a gear shifting working direction that extends substantially perpendicularly with respect to the gate shifting working direction. The gate shifting working direction is that movement direction in which the gate shifting drive performs a movement in order to change the gate of the transmission by means of the selector finger. Analogously, the gear shifting working direction is that movement direction in which the gear shifting drive performs a working movement with the selector finger in order that the selector finger changes a gear on the transmission.

The gate and gear shifting drives are desirably configured as linear drives that perform a linear working movement. The gate shifting working direction and the gear shifting working direction are advantageously parallel to a gate shifting guiding direction and a gear shifting guiding direction, respectively, at which the selector finger is mounted on the gate shifting displacement piece and on the gear shifting displacement piece, respectively, such that it is guided in a linearly displaceable manner.

In one embodiment, the selector finger is mounted on the gate shifting displacement piece and the gear shifting displacement piece such that it is guided by means of a frictional connection. This is to be understood as meaning, in particular, that the selector finger slides in the gate shifting displacement piece and gear shifting displacement piece. However, it is also possible that the selector finger is mounted on the gate shifting displacement piece and the gear shifting displacement piece via components that reduce friction, for example via balls mounted in a cage.

A particularly compact construction, in which only small tilting moments are produced and which is therefore particularly low-wear, is obtained if the selector finger reaches through a displacement piece, in particular, the gate shifting displacement piece. It is particularly favorable if the selector finger reaches through the displacement piece centrally, that is to say a recess, through which the selector finger protrudes, is provided in the displacement piece, the recess surrounding the geometric centroid of the displacement piece.

It is a particular advantage of the inventive gear actuator that components that are used frequently in gear actuators can be arranged particularly simply. Thus, according to one embodiment, the gear actuator has a faulty shifting securing piece for ensuring that the selector finger always engages only into one gear selector rod of the transmission. Transmissions as a rule have one selector rod for each gate. In order to prevent transmission damage, it is advantageous to provide the faulty shifting securing piece.

The faulty shifting securing piece is advantageously attached to one of the displacement pieces, in particular to the gate displacement piece. This attachment is possible in a considerably simpler way than the attachment of faulty shifting securing pieces to conventional gear actuators.

In order for it to be possible to change the gate simply by way of the selector finger, in order therefore for it to be possible, in particular, to move the selector finger simply out of engagement with one transmission rod into engagement with another transmission rod, the gear actuator according to one preferred embodiment has a latching contour, a displacement piece, in particular the gear displacement piece, having a prestressed latching pin that interacts with the latching contour for latching the selector finger in a predefined position in the gear shifting working direction. The latching pin is prestressed, for example, by way of a spring that presses it outward out of the gear displacement piece. The latching pin engages into the latching contour by way of a tip that protrudes out of the gear displacement piece, in order to latch the gear displacement piece in a position, in which the gate can be changed particularly easily.

In one embodiment, the gate shifting drive comprises a gate shifting cylinder, in particular a gate shifting pneumatic cylinder or a gate shifting hydraulic cylinder. As an alternative, an electric drive can be provided. Examples are a linear direct drive or an electric motor with a transmission for converting a rotational movement of the electric motor into a linear movement. The gear shifting drive is preferably constructed in the same way as the gate shifting drive.

A gear actuator that can be used in a particularly flexible way is obtained if the gear shifting cylinder (i) has a first set of valve connections arranged on a first lateral side of the gear shifting cylinder, and (ii) has a second set of valve connections arranged on a second lateral side of the gear shifting cylinder that lies opposite the first lateral side, the gear shifting cylinder being configured such that a non-synchronized transmission can be shifted by means of the first set of valve connections, and a synchronized transmission can be shifted by means of both sets of valve connections.

The gear actuator preferably has a gate drive stop for limiting a maximum gate drive movement path of the gate drive in the gate shifting working direction. This advantageously achieves a situation where the gear actuator can be used for transmissions, the shifting travel of which is smaller than a gate drive stroke of the gate drive of the drive. The gate drive stroke is meant as the spacing between the two extreme positions that the gate drive can assume. A gear actuator of this type is advantageously provided with a gate shifting pneumatic cylinder. In this case, the selector finger comes into contact with the gate drive stop, with the result that the stroke is limited solely by the provision of the gate drive stop without further regulating expenditure.

Analogously, the gear actuator preferably comprises, as an alternative or in addition, a gear drive stop for limiting a maximum gear drive stroke of the gear drive in the gear shifting working direction.

In addition, the present invention encompasses a transmission system having a transmission and a gear actuator, the gear actuator being connected to the transmission by means of an adapter. The gear actuator can but does not have to have the abovementioned properties. It is thus possible in principle also to connect gear actuators with a pivotable selector finger to a transmission via an adapter. An advantage of this is that a gear actuator can be used for different transmissions. The adapter can be connected releasably to the gear actuator (e.g., screwed).

The gear drive stop is preferably formed on or fastened to the adapter. Analogously, in addition or as an alternative, the gate drive stop is formed on or fastened to the adapter. In order to customize a gear actuator of this type to an existing transmission that is to be shifted manually, it is sufficient merely to customize the adapter.

In the following text, embodiments of the invention will be explained in greater detail using the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gear actuator according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a coupler element of the gear actuator according to FIG. 1, which coupler element comprises a gate shifting displacement piece and a gear shifting displacement piece,

FIG. 3 shows a further view of a coupler element with further details,

FIG. 4 shows a horizontal cross section through a coupler element,

FIG. 5 shows a horizontal cross section through the coupler element according to FIG. 4,

FIGS. 6 a, 6b and 6c show an adapter for connecting the gear actuator to a transmission, and

FIG. 7 is a diagram of the mounting of the selector finger on the gate shifting displacement piece and on the gear shifting displacement piece.

FIG. 1 shows a gear actuator 10 having a gate shifting drive 12 and a gear shifting drive 14. The gate shifting drive 12 has a gate shifting working direction R_Gasse that extends perpendicularly with respect to a gear shifting working direction R_Gang of the gear shifting drive 14. In a gear actuator according to FIG. 1, the gate shifting drive 12 comprises a gate shifting pneumatic cylinder that can be loaded with compressed air via a gate shifting compressed air inflow line and gate shifting valve unit 18. The gate shifting compressed air inflow line 18 comprises a first set of valve connections and is screwed to the gate shifting pneumatic cylinder 16 on a first lateral side S_{Gasse, 1}. As an alternative, the gate shifting compressed air inflow line 18 is mounted on an opposite side S_{Gasse, 2}.

The gear shifting drive 14 comprises a gear shifting pneumatic cylinder 20 that can be loaded with compressed air via a gear shifting compressed air inflow line and gear shifting valve unit 22 screwed to a first lateral side S_{Gang, 1}.

The gear shifting pneumatic cylinder 20 is configured to receive a second gear shifting compressed air inflow line (not shown) that has a second set of valve connections on a second lateral side S_{Gang, 2} that lies opposite the first lateral side S_{Gang, 1}. The embodiment depicted in FIG. 1 is configured to shift a non-synchronized transmission (not shown). The second gear shifting compressed air inflow line is mounted to shift a synchronized transmission.

The gear actuator 10 comprises an adapter 24, by way of which it can be screwed to a commercial vehicle transmission (not shown), for example a truck transmission or a passenger car transmission.

The gate shifting pneumatic cylinder 16 and the gear shifting pneumatic cylinder 20 are screwed to a central body 26. The central body 26 has a recess that is connected to an adapter recess 28 of the adapter 24.

The central body 26 is configured such that the gate shifting drive 12 can be mounted both, as shown in FIG. 1, on a first side S₁ at a right angle to the gear shifting drive 14 and also on a side S₂ that lies opposite the first side S₁.

FIG. 2 shows a coupler element 30 that has a gear shifting displacement piece 32 and a gate shifting displacement piece 34. In addition, the coupler element 30 has a selector finger 36 mounted on the gear shifting displacement piece 32 and on the gate shifting displacement piece 34 such that it is guided displaceably. To this end, the selector finger 36 reaches through a displacement piece recess 38 of the gate shifting displacement piece 34 and is guided in the latter in such a way that it can move relative to the gate shifting displacement piece 34 only in the gear shifting working direction R_Gang.

The gear shifting displacement piece 32 can be moved via a gear shifting cylinder piston 40 of the gear shifting pneumatic cylinder 20, which is not shown completely in FIG. 2 (cf. FIG. 1). The gate shifting displacement piece 34 can be moved in the gate shifting working direction R_Gasse via a gate shifting cylinder piston 42 of the gate shifting pneumatic cylinder 16, which is likewise not shown completely in FIG. 2 (cf. FIG. 1), and is mounted in a linear guide in a displaceably guided manner for a movement of this type in the gear shifting displacement piece 32.

FIG. 3 is a further perspective view of the coupler element 30, in which a faulty shifting securing piece 44 can be seen in addition. The faulty shifting securing piece 44 is fastened to the gate shifting displacement piece 34 and is moved with the latter. If the selector finger 36 engages into a selector rod (not shown) of a transmission (likewise not shown), the faulty shifting securing piece 44 ensures that the selector finger 36 does not unintentionally engage into a second selector rod. Unlike prior art actuators, in the case of the inventive gear actuator, the faulty shifting securing piece 44 can be attached simply to the gate shifting displacement piece 34 or can even be formed integrally with the latter.

In addition, FIG. 3 shows a latching pin 46 that is received in, the gear shifting displacement piece 32 and protrudes beyond the gear shifting displacement piece 32 with a tip that is partially concealed in FIG. 3. The latching pin 46 interacts by way of its tip with a latching contour 48 of a latching piece 50, with the result that the selector finger 36 is held in a predefined position with regard to the gear shifting working direction R_Gang. The latching piece 50 is fastened, for example, to the central body 26 (cf. FIG. 1). The adapter 24 (cf. FIG. 1) is configured such that the selector finger 36 can change the gate if the latching pin 46 is in the latching position. As an alternative, the latching pin 46 is formed on the central body 26 and the gear shifting displacement piece 32 has the latching contour 48.

As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the selector finger 36 reaches through the gate shifting displacement piece 34 substantially centrally, with the result that, in a zero position (shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3) and in the case of an actuation of the gear shifting pneumatic cylinder 16 (cf. FIG. 1) and/or the gear shifting pneumatic cylinder 20 (cf. FIG. 1), only small tilting moments have to be absorbed by a first guide 52 (FIG. 3) of the selector finger 36 in the gear shifting displacement piece 34 and by a second guide (not visible in FIG. 3) in the gear shifting displacement piece 32.

Since, as a rule, a higher force has to be applied for shifting the gears of the transmission (not shown) than for shifting the gate, the gear shifting pneumatic cylinder 20 (FIG. 1) is designed to be larger than the gate shifting pneumatic cylinder 16. It is therefore advantageous to arrange the gear shifting displacement piece 32 on an end of the gate shifting displacement piece 34 that lies opposite an engagement end 43 of the selector finger 36. In other words, in the installed position of the gear actuator, the gate shifting displacement piece 34 is arranged closer to the transmission than the gear shifting displacement piece 32. In FIGS. 1 to 3, the transmission (not shown) is situated at the bottom in the operating position of the gear actuator. As an alternative, the gear actuator can be arranged at the bottom or to the side of the transmission in the operating position.

FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the coupler element 30, through the plane A according to FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the coupler element 30, along line B-B according to FIG. 4. It can be seen that the latching pin 46 has a spring 56 that lies on the inside and brings it into engagement with the latching piece 50 by way of its tip 58. In addition, FIG. 5 shows a second guide 60 between the selector finger 36 and the gear shifting displacement piece 32, which second guide 60 extends perpendicularly with respect to the first guide 52 (shown in FIG. 3) and is formed on the gear shifting displacement piece 32.

FIG. 6 a shows an adapter 24′ of a gear actuator according to the invention in accordance with a second embodiment. The adapter 24′ is configured to be fastened, in particular screwed firmly, to the central body 26 (cf. FIG. 1) on one side and to a transmission on the other side. The adapter recess 28 is configured such that its boundaries 62.1, 62.2 can form a gate drive stop 62. Boundaries 64.1, 64.2 can form a gear drive stop 64. AS an alternative, the gear drive stop is formed on the gear shifting displacement piece 32 that comes into contact with the central body 26 (cf. FIG. 1).

FIG. 6 b shows the adapter 24 for a transmission that requires a smaller stroke of the selector finger than the transmission for which the gear actuator with the adapter 24′ according to FIG. 6a is used. To this end, the adapter recess 28 is of smaller configuration. In other words, the spacing between the two boundaries 62.1 and 62.2 of the gate drive stop 62 is smaller than in the case of the adapter according to FIG. 6a. In this way, the stroke in the gate shifting working direction _Gasse is shortened. In the same way, the spacing between the two sides 64.1 and 64.2 of the gear drive stop 64 is smaller than in the case of the adapter 24 according to FIG. 6a, with the result that a stroke in the gear shifting working direction R_Gang is also smaller in the case of the adapter 24′ according to FIG. 6b than in the case of the adapter 24 according to FIG. 6a.

FIG. 6 c shows a further embodiment of an adapter 24″ in which the gate drive stop 62 does not reach completely with its walls 62.1 and 62.2 through a height H of the adapter 24″.

FIG. 7 again shows the basic principle of the gear actuator. The gear shifting working direction R_Gang and the gate shifting working direction _Gasse are added vectorially via two linear guides firstly in the gear shifting displacement piece 32 and secondly the gate shifting displacement piece 34. FIG. 7 shows that the selector finger 36 can also be arranged on the side of the displacement pieces 32, 34.

Claims

1. A gear actuator for shifting a transmission, having (a) a gate shifting drive (12),(b) a gear shifting drive (14), and(c) a selector finger (36) which can be moved by the gate shifting drive (12) and by the gear shifting drive (14) for transmitting a shifting movement to the transmission,characterized by(d) a gate shifting displacement piece (34) which is connected to the gate shifting drive (12), and(e) a gear shifting displacement piece (32) which is connected to the gear shifting drive (14),(f) the selector finger (36) being mounted on the gate shifting displacement piece (34) and the gear shifting displacement piece (32) such that it is guided displaceably.

2. The gear actuator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that (i) the gate shifting drive (12) has a gate shifting working direction (RGasse), and(ii) the gear shifting drive (14) has a gear shifting working direction (RGang) which extends substantially perpendicularly with respect to the gate shifting working direction (RGasse).

3. The gear actuator as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the selector finger (36) is mounted on the gate shifting displacement piece (34) and the gear shifting displacement piece (32) such that it is guided by means of a frictional connection.

4. The gear actuator as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the selector finger (36) reaches through a displacement piece, in particular the gate shifting displacement piece (34).

5. The gear actuator as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized by a faulty shifting securing piece (44) for ensuring that the selector finger (36) always engages only into one selector rod of the transmission.

6. The gear actuator as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the faulty shifting securing piece (44) is attached to one of the displacement pieces (32, 34), in particular to the gate displacement piece (34).

7. The gear actuator as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it (i) has a latching contour (48), and(ii) a displacement piece (32, 34), in particular the gear displacement piece (32), has a prestressed latching pin (46) which interacts with the latching contour (48) for latching the selector finger (36) in a predefined position in the gear shifting working direction (RGang).

8. The gear actuator as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gate shifting displacement piece (34) is arranged closer to the transmission in the installation position of the gear actuator (10) than the gear shifting displacement piece (32).

9. The gear actuator as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gate shifting drive (12) comprises a gate shifting cylinder, in particular a gate shifting pneumatic cylinder (16) or a gate shifting hydraulic cylinder, and/or the gear shifting drive (14) comprises a gear shifting cylinder, in particular a gear shifting pneumatic cylinder (20) or a gear shifting hydraulic cylinder.

10. The gear actuator as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the gear shifting cylinder (i) has a first set of valve connections which are arranged on a first lateral side (SGasse,1) of the gear shifting cylinder (16), and(ii) has a second set of valve connections which are arranged on a second lateral side of the gear shifting cylinder (16),(iii) the gear shifting cylinder (20) being configured in such a way that a non-synchronized transmission can be shifted by means of the first set of valve connections, anda synchronized transmission can be shifted by means of both sets of valve connections.

11. The gear actuator as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized by a gate drive stop (62) for limiting a maximum gate drive movement path in the gate shifting working direction (RGasse).

12. The gear actuator as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized by a gear drive stop (64) for limiting a maximum gear drive movement path in the gear shifting working direction (RGang).

13. A transmission system, in particular a commercial vehicle transmission system, having a transmission and a gear actuator (10) as claimed in one of the preceding claims.

14. A transmission system, in particular as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the gear actuator (10) comprises an adapter (24) for connection to the transmission.

15. The transmission system as claimed in either of claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the gear drive stop (64) is formed on or fastened to the adapter.