1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to using a main generator to produce a micro generator that generates and executes test patterns during processor design verification and validation.
2. Description of the Related Art
Processor testing tools exist whose goal is to generate the most stressful test case for a processor. In theory, the generated test case should provide maximum test coverage and should be interesting enough to stress various timing scenarios on the processor. The whole technology of these tools sits in the logic of building and executing these test cases. Verifying and validating a processor using test cases typically includes three stages, which are 1) a test case build stage, 2) a test case execution stage, and 3) a validation and verification stage. Besides the test cases themselves, another important aspect of processor testing is a generator that generates and executes the test cases.
A main generator selects instructions, which are based upon a processor resource specification, and generates a micro generator from the selected instructions. In turn, the micro generator is adapted to execute a test case that tests a processor that corresponds to the processor resource specification.
The foregoing is a summary and thus contains, by necessity, simplifications, generalizations, and omissions of detail; consequently, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other aspects, inventive features, and advantages of the present invention, as defined solely by the claims, will become apparent in the non-limiting detailed description set forth below.
The present invention may be better understood, and its numerous objects, features, and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Certain specific details are set forth in the following description and figures to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the invention. Certain well-known details often associated with computing and software technology are not set forth in the following disclosure, however, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the various embodiments of the invention. Further, those of ordinary skill in the relevant art will understand that they can practice other embodiments of the invention without one or more of the details described below. Finally, while various methods are described with reference to steps and sequences in the following disclosure, the description as such is for providing a clear implementation of embodiments of the invention, and the steps and sequences of steps should not be taken as required to practice this invention. Instead, the following is intended to provide a detailed description of an example of the invention and should not be taken to be limiting of the invention itself. Rather, any number of variations may fall within the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims that follow the description.
The following detailed description will generally follow the summary of the invention, as set forth above, further explaining and expanding the definitions of the various aspects and embodiments of the invention as necessary. To this end, this detailed description first sets forth a computing environment in
Northbridge 115 and Southbridge 135 are connected to each other using bus 119. In one embodiment, the bus is a Direct Media Interface (DMI) bus that transfers data at high speeds in each direction between Northbridge 115 and Southbridge 135. In another embodiment, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus is used to connect the Northbridge and the Southbridge. Southbridge 135, also known as the I/O Controller Hub (ICH) is a chip that generally implements capabilities that operate at slower speeds than the capabilities provided by the Northbridge. Southbridge 135 typically provides various busses used to connect various components. These busses can include PCI and PCI Express busses, an ISA bus, a System Management Bus (SMBus or SMB), a Low Pin Count (LPC) bus. The LPC bus is often used to connect low-bandwidth devices, such as boot ROM 196 and “legacy” I/O devices (using a “super I/O” chip). The “legacy” I/O devices (198) can include serial and parallel ports, keyboard, mouse, floppy disk controller. The LPC bus is also used to connect Southbridge 135 to Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 195. Other components often included in Southbridge 135 include a Direct Memory Access (DMA) controller, a Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC), a storage device controller, which connects Southbridge 135 to nonvolatile storage device 185, such as a hard disk drive, using bus 184.
ExpressCard 155 is a slot used to connect hot-pluggable devices to the information handling system. ExpressCard 155 supports both PCI Express and USB connectivity as it is connected to Southbridge 135 using both the Universal Serial Bus (USB) the PCI Express bus. Southbridge 135 includes USB Controller 140 that provides USB connectivity to devices that connect to the USB. These devices include webcam (camera) 150, infrared (IR) receiver 148, Bluetooth device 146 which provides for wireless personal area networks (PANs), keyboard and trackpad 144, and other miscellaneous USB connected devices 142, such as a mouse, removable nonvolatile storage device 145, modems, network cards, ISDN connectors, fax, printers, USB hubs, and many other types of USB connected devices. While removable nonvolatile storage device 145 is shown as a USB-connected device, removable nonvolatile storage device 145 could be connected using a different interface, such as a Firewire interface, etc.
Wireless Local Area Network (LAN) device 175 is connected to Southbridge 135 via the PCI or PCI Express bus 172. LAN device 175 typically implements one of the IEEE 802.11 standards of over-the-air modulation techniques that all use the same protocol to wireless communicate between information handling system 100 and another computer system or device. Optical storage device 190 is connected to Southbridge 135 using Serial ATA (SATA) bus 188. Serial ATA adapters and devices communicate over a high-speed serial link. The Serial ATA bus is also used to connect Southbridge 135 to other forms of storage devices, such as hard disk drives. Audio circuitry 160, such as a sound card, is connected to Southbridge 135 via bus 158. Audio circuitry 160 is used to provide functionality such as audio line-in and optical digital audio in port 162, optical digital output and headphone jack 164, internal speakers 166, and internal microphone 168. Ethernet controller 170 is connected to Southbridge 135 using a bus, such as the PCI or PCI Express bus. Ethernet controller 170 is used to connect information handling system 100 with a computer network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN), the Internet, and other public and private computer networks.
While
The Trusted Platform Module (TPM 195) shown in
In turn, micro generator 330 performs functions such as generating subsequent test cases 350 from initial test cases 340, test case dispatching, test case scheduling, test case execution, and interrupt handling. When generating subsequent test cases, micro generator 330 may modify test case properties such as changing machine state register bits, changing the instruction sequence (shuffling), changing ESID and VSID bits (Effective Segment ID bits and Virtual Segment ID bits), etc.
Micro generator 330 operates in a kernel/privilege mode, and receives test case A 105 from main generator 310. Scheduler 420 schedules the test case with the instructions in its initial instruction order 1 to dispatcher 440. In turn, dispatcher 440 dispatches the test case (instruction order 1) to processor 450.
Processor 450 executes the test case (instruction order 1) and, when finished executing the test case, processor 450 passes hardware results to results comparator 460. Results comparator 460 evaluates the results and sends a pass or fail message to scheduler 420.
When the hardware results pass, scheduler 420 passes the test case (instruction order 1) to shuffler 430. Shuffler 430 “shuffles” the instruction order of the test case to create “instruction order 2,” which results in a subsequent test case. Shuffler 430's criteria is to keep the relative instruction order within a particular sub test case the same, but other instructions from other sub test cases may be inserted between each other. In addition, shuffler 430 keeps branch instruction blocks together, or any other instruction block that needs to stay together.
Shuffler 430 provides the subsequent test case (instruction order 2) to scheduler 420. Scheduler 420 passes the subsequent test case to dispatcher 440, which dispatches the subsequent test case to processor 450.
Processor 450 executes the subsequent test case (instruction order 2) and passes hardware results to results comparator 460. Again, results comparator 460 evaluates the results and sends a pass or fail message to scheduler 420. Micro generator 330 proceeds to re-shuffle and dispatch subsequent test cases “n” times in order to sufficiently test processor 450.
Main generator processing commences at 500, whereupon the main generator generates a micro generator using user input and a processor architecture specification included in processor architecture specification and resource pool store 320 (pre-defined process block 520, see
Once the micro generator and the initial test cases are created, the micro generator starts testing the processor using the initial test cases and generates subsequent test cases that may include modifying test case properties such as changing machine state register bits, changing the instruction sequence (shuffling), changing ESID and VSID bits (Effective Segment ID bits and Virtual Segment ID bits), etc. (pre-defined process block 560, see
If the instruction is not buildable, decision 620 branches to “No” branch 622, which loops back to pick an alternate instruction or resource at step 625. A determination is made as to whether the picked alternate instruction or resource is available (decision 630). If the alternative instruction or resource is not available, decision 630 branches to “No” branch 632 whereupon processing returns at 660. On the other hand, if the alternate instruction or resource is available, decision 630 branches to “Yes” branch 638 whereupon a determination is made as to whether the instruction is buildable (decision 620)
If the instruction is buildable, decision 620 branches to “Yes” branch 628, whereupon processing builds and stores the instruction in micro generator 330 (step 640). A determination is made as to whether the micro generator logic/algorithm is complete (decision 650). If the micro generator logic/algorithm is not complete, decision 650 branches to “No” branch 652, which loops back pick and process the next instruction. This looping continues until the generator logic/algorithm is complete, at which point decision 650 branches to “Yes” branch 658 whereupon processing returns at 660.
At step 730, processing picks a resource (e.g., register, memory, etc.) for the instruction. A determination is made as to whether the instruction is buildable utilizing the picked resource (decision 740). For example, processing may check whether a required number of resources are available to build the instruction. If the instruction is not buildable, decision 740 branches to “No” branch 742, which loops back to pick another instruction. This looping continues until the instruction is buildable, at which point decision 740 branches to “Yes” branch 748 whereupon processing builds the instruction and stores it in initial test cases 340 (step 750).
A determination is made as to whether the test case is complete (decision 760). If the test case is not complete, decision 760 branches to “No” branch 762, which loops back to pick another instruction. This looping continues until the test case is complete, at which point decision 760 branches to “Yes” branch 768 whereupon processing returns at 770.
A determination is made as to whether processing received multiple test cases (decision 820). If processing received multiple test cases, decision 820 branches to “Yes” branch 822 whereupon processing selects one of the test cases at step 825. On the other hand, if processing did not receive multiple test cases, decision 820 branches to “No” branch 828, bypassing test case selection step 825.
At step 830, processing schedules and dispatches the test case to processor 450. Processor 450 executes the test case and provides results, which are received at step 840. A determination is made as to whether the results pass (decision 850). If the results do not pass, decision 850 branches to “No” branch 852 whereupon processing generates an error message at step 855, and ends at 860.
On the other hand, if the results pass, decision 850 branches to “Yes” branch 858, whereupon a determination is made as to whether to shuffle the selected test case to create subsequent test cases (decision 870). For example, processing may shuffle the selected test case twenty times in order to provide processor 150 with twenty different test case scenarios.
If processing should shuffle the selected test case, decision 870 branches to “Yes” branch 872, which loops back to shuffle the test case in accordance with the invention described herein (pre-defined process block 875, see
A determination is made as to whether to select a different test case if test case generator 310 provided multiple test cases (decision 880). If processing should select a different test case, decision 880 branches to “Yes” branch 882, which loops back to select, shuffle, and process the different test case. This looping continues until each test case has been selected and sufficiently shuffled, at which point decision 880 branches to “No” branch 888 whereupon processing ends at 890.
A determination is made as to whether there are any sub streams that are valid (decision 930). If there are not any sub streams that are valid, decision 930 branches to “No” branch 932 whereupon processing returns at 935. On the other hand, if there are any valid sub streams, decision 930 branches to “Yes” branch 938 whereupon a determination is made as to whether there is more than one valid sub stream still valid (decision 940). If there is not more than one valid sub stream still valid, decision 940 branches to “No” branch 942 whereupon processing copies the rest of the instructions in the valid sub stream to the shuffled test case (step 945), and returns at 950.
On the other hand, if there is more than one valid sub stream, which is typically the case at the beginning of the shuffling process, decision 940 branches to “Yes” branch 948 whereupon processing randomly selects one of the valid sub streams at step 960. At step 965, processing picks the instruction corresponding to the selected sub stream's pointer location and, at step 970, processing appends the picked instruction to the shuffled test case.
A determination is made as to whether there are any instructions left in the currently selected sub stream (decision 980). If there are not any instructions left in the selected sub stream, decision 980 branches to “No” branch 982 whereupon processing marks the selected sub stream invalid (step 985). On the other hand, if there are instructions left in the current sub stream, decision 980 branches to “Yes” branch 988 whereupon processing increments the selected sub stream's pointer at step 990, and loops back to continue to shuffle instructions. This continues until each of the instructions in each of the sub streams are appended to the test case, at which point processing returns at 950.
One of the preferred implementations of the invention is a client application, namely, a set of instructions (program code) or other functional descriptive material in a code module that may, for example, be resident in the random access memory of the computer. Until required by the computer, the set of instructions may be stored in another computer memory, for example, in a hard disk drive, or in a removable memory such as an optical disk (for eventual use in a CD ROM) or floppy disk (for eventual use in a floppy disk drive). Thus, the present invention may be implemented as a computer program product for use in a computer. In addition, although the various methods described are conveniently implemented in a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by software, one of ordinary skill in the art would also recognize that such methods may be carried out in hardware, in firmware, or in more specialized apparatus constructed to perform the required method steps. Functional descriptive material is information that imparts functionality to a machine. Functional descriptive material includes, but is not limited to, computer programs, instructions, rules, facts, definitions of computable functions, objects, and data structures.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, that changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention and its broader aspects. Therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of this invention. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention is solely defined by the appended claims. It will be understood by those with skill in the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim element is intended, such intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such limitation is present. For non-limiting example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim elements. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim element by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim element to inventions containing only one such element, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an”; the same holds true for the use in the claims of definite articles.