Patent Grant
9292111
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to gesturing associated with multipoint sensing devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
There exist today many styles of input devices for performing operations in a computer system. The operations generally correspond to moving a cursor and making selections on a display screen. The operations may also include paging, scrolling, panning, zooming, etc. By way of example, the input devices may include buttons, switches, keyboards, mice, trackballs, touch pads, joy sticks, touch screens and the like. Each of these devices has advantages and disadvantages that are taken into account when designing the computer system.
With touch pads, the movement of the input pointer corresponds to the relative movements of the user's finger (or stylus) as the finger is moved along a surface of the touch pad. Touch screens, on the other hand, are a type of display screen that has a touch-sensitive transparent panel covering the screen. When using a touch screen, a user makes a selection on the display screen by pointing directly to GUI objects on the screen (usually with a stylus or finger). In general, the touch device recognizes the touch and position of the touch and the computer system interprets the touch and thereafter performs an action based on the touch event.
In order to provide additionally functionality, gestures have been implemented with some of these input devices. By way of example, in touch pads, selections may be made when one or more taps are detected on the surface of the touch pad. In some cases, any portion of the touch pad may be tapped, and in other cases a dedicated portion of the touch pad may be tapped. In addition to selections, scrolling may be initiated by using finger motion at the edge of the touch pad.
Unfortunately, gesturing is severely limited by the fact that most touch technologies are only capable of reporting a single point even when multiple objects are placed on the sensing surface. That is, they lack the ability to track multiple points of contact simultaneously. In resistive and capacitive technologies, an average of all simultaneously occurring touch points are determined and a single point which falls somewhere between the touch points is reported. In surface wave and infrared technologies, it is impossible to discern the exact position of multiple touch points that fall on the same horizontal or vertical lines due to masking. In either case, faulty results are generated.
Based on the above, there is a need for multipoint sensing devices and methods of implementing gestures with multipoint sensing devices.
The invention relates, in one embodiment, to an electronic system. The electronic system includes a multipoint sensing device that provides a multipoint sensing area for receiving inputs from one or more objects. The electronic system also includes a gesture module configured to determine a gesture set for a given input arrangement received by the multipoint sensing area of the multipoint sensing device, to monitor the given input arrangement for one or more gesture events included in the gesture set, and to initiate input actions associated with a gesture event when the gesture event is performed with the input arrangement. The input arrangement may for example be an arrangement of fingers and/or other parts of the hand.
The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a gestural control method. The method includes detecting multiple points within a sensing area at the same time. The method also includes determining a chord when one or more points are detected within the sensing area. The chord is a specific arrangement of points within the sensing area. The method further includes determining a gesture set associating commands to one or more gesture events. The method additionally includes monitoring points for gesture events. Moreover, the method includes performing command associated with gesture event if a gesture event is recognized.
The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a control operation. The control operations includes detecting a touch or near touch. The operations also includes determining a gesture set for the touch. The gesture set includes one or more gesture events for provoking or initiating a command. The operation further includes monitoring the touch for a gesture event. The operation additionally includes initiating a command when a gesture event associated with the gesture set is performed.
The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a gesture operation. The operation includes monitoring a touch motion. The operation also includes differentiating the touch motion between first and second states. The operation further includes performing a first action if the touch motion is associated with first state. The operation additionally includes performing a second action if motion is associated with second state.
The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a control operation. The control operation includes providing a first input device and a second input device that is different than the first input device. The first input device includes an object sensing device such as a touch sensing device for providing input events. The operation also includes monitoring the first input device for input events. The operation further includes simultaneously monitoring the second input device for input events. The operation additionally includes performing input operations in accordance with input events associated with first input device. Moreover, the method includes simultaneously performing input operations in accordance with input events associated with second input device.
The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a control operation. The control operation provides a list of input functions. The input function have commands and gesture events that are linked to the commands. The commands are related to the input function. The operation also includes assigning input functions to chords. The operation additionally includes linking an input function to a chord when the chord is recognized.
The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a control panel. The control panel includes displaying a menu of input functions. The control panel also includes displaying a gesture set that shows commands associated with a selected input function, and gesture events assigned to the commands. The control operation further includes displaying a list of chords. In order to set up a gesture map, a user selects desired input function from list of input functions and selects a desired chord from the list of chords.
The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a gesture design process. The design process includes providing a list of chords and ranking the chords from easiest to hardest. The design process also includes ranking the frequency of operations from most frequent to least frequent. The design process further includes matching the easiest chords with the most frequent operations, and matching the hardest chords with the least frequent operations. The design process may additionally include fine tuning chord/operation grouping.
The invention relates, in another embodiment, to a gesture operation. The gesture operations includes detecting a first finger. The gesture operation also includes determining the state of the finger. The state of the finger may for example be moving or stationary. The gesture operation further includes detecting one or more additional fingers. For example, a second finger may be detected. The gesture operation additionally includes determining the state of the additional fingers. The state of the additional fingers may for example be that they are present or not. Moreover, the method includes implementing different input modes based on timing of states of first and additional fingers relative to one another. The different modes may for example be pointing modes, dragging modes and the like.
The invention will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
Gestures and methods of implementing gestures with sensing devices are disclosed. More particularly, gestures and methods of implementing gestures with multipoint sensing devices are disclosed. Multipoint sensing devices have a number of advantages over conventional single point devices in that they can distinguish more than one object (finger) simultaneously or near simultaneously. In most cases, multipoint sensing devices and systems that utilize such devices monitor a surface for a touch or near touch event. When such an event occurs, it can determine the distinct area(s) of contact and identify the nature of the events via their geometric features and geometric arrangement. Once identified, the touch or near touch events are monitored to determine if they correspond to various gestures events.
A gesture event may be defined as a stylized interaction with the sensing surface mapped to one or more specific computing operations. Gesture events may be made through various hand, and more particularly digit, motions, taps, pressures, dwells, and/or the like. Because the surface is based on multipoint technology, complex gesturing may be performed with any number of digits or other contact portions of the hand. In fact, because of this, a large gesture language analogous to sign language may be developed. Gesture language (or map) may include for example a set of instructions that recognize an arrangement of contacts (e.g., chords), recognizes the occurrence of gesture events (e.g., motions), and informs one or more software agents of the gesture events and/or what action(s) to take in response to the gesture events. Examples of multipoint gesturing may for example be found in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/903,964, 11/038,590, and 11/015,434, which are all herein incorporated by reference.
A wide range of different gestures can be utilized with multipoint sensing devices. For example, a gesture may be a single point or a multipoint gesture; a static or dynamic gesture; a continuous or segmented gesture; and/or the like. Single point gestures are those gestures that are performed with a single contact point, e.g., the gesture is performed with a single touch as for example from a single finger, a palm or a stylus. Multipoint gestures are those gestures that can be performed with multiple points, e.g., the gesture is performed with multiple touches as for example from multiple fingers, fingers and palms, a finger and a stylus, multiple styli and/or any combination thereof. Static gestures may be those gestures that do not substantially include gesture events (e.g., chords), and dynamic gestures may be those gestures that do include significant gesture events (e.g., motions, taps, etc.). Continuous gestures may be those gestures that are performed in a single stroke, and segmented gestures may be those gestures that are performed in a sequence of distinct steps or strokes. Although several examples are given herein, it should be appreciated that this is by way of example and not by way of limitation.
Multipoint sensing devices can be embodied in various forms including but not limit to standard sized touch pads, large extended palm pads, touch screens, touch sensitive housings, etc. Furthermore, multipoint sensing devices can be positioned on many form factors including but not limited to tablet computers, laptop computers, desktop computers as well as handheld computing devices such as media players, PDAs, cell phones, and the like. The multipoint sensing devices may also be found on dedicated input devices such as touch screen monitors, keyboards, navigation pads, tablets, mice, and the like. Examples of multipoint sensing devices may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/840,862, 10/927,575, which are all herein incorporated by reference
Several embodiments will now be discussed below with reference to
Following block 12, the operation can proceed to block 14 where a determination is made as to whether or not a touch or near touch is detected by the multi-point sensing device. If a touch is not detected, the operation can wait. If a touch is detected, the operation can proceed to block 16 where a chord associated with the touch is determined. A chord may be a specific arrangement of contacts or near contacts that can be assigned to some input functionality. Generally speaking, when objects are placed near or on a touch sensing surface, contact patches are created and these contact patches form a pattern that can be identified. The pattern can be made with any assortment of objects including for example mechanical features such as styli and signets and/or portions of one or more hands such as finger, thumb, palm, knuckles, etc.
The chord can be widely varied and may depend on many factors including the size of the touch surface, whether the touch surface is a touch screen or touch pad, etc. Furthermore, the chords may be based on the number of unknown contacts or a specific arrangement of known contacts. The chords may be further based on whether the contacts are close together, in a neutral position or spread apart. The chords may be further based on whether the contacts are adjacent or offset one another. The chords may be further based on the whether they are from left and/or right hand.
Determining the chord may include analyzing the touch (image created by objects touching or near touching the touch surface) and recognizing a specific arrangement of contacts. More particularly, the determination may include classifying or identifying the contacts via the geometric features of each contact as well as the geometric arrangement of contacts, and then referring to a database of expected chords (e.g., gesture map). If the arrangement of contacts matches an expected chord then the arrangement of contacts may be presumed to be the expected chord. These steps may also include filtering. For example, some contacts may not actually be part of a chord. For example, in the case of a touch palm pad, contacts formed by the palm may be ignored since they serve as a support base for the digits of the hand (e.g., very awkward to hold palms above touch surface for extended periods of time). In the case of a tablet PC with a touch screen, contacts formed by the thumb of at least one hand may be ignored since they are primarily used to hold the tablet PC.
Examples of one hand chords are shown below in Table 1. It should be appreciated that Table 1 is not an exhaustive list and that it is shown by way of example and not by way of limitation. For example, the palm may be counted as a contact and added to any of the combinations shown in Table 1 to create more chords. It should be further noted that many more chord combinations can be created by combining the list of Table 1 with the same list from the opposite hand. It should also be noted that although there are many combinations some chords may not be feasible for various reasons including ease of use, ergonomics, intuitiveness, etc.
Once the chord has been determined, the operation can proceed to block 18 where a gesture set associating actions to one or more gesture events is determined. A gesture set may be a map that links actions to gesture events. The gesture set may depend on the determined chord, but may also depend on other factors including location of the chord, open application, state or mode of the application, other touch characteristics, etc. In essence, the chord selects an input channel with each channel having a different gesture set associated therewith. In some cases, for organizational purposes and ease of use, the channels are associated with a particular input functionality such as navigating operations, file operations, edit operations, viewing operations, formatting operations, tool operations, web browsing operations, etc. Each of these input functionalities can have an associated set of commands that are tied to gesture events.
The actions may be state commands or manipulative commands. A state command is a single implemented command. Examples of state commands include new, open, close, delete, rename, select all, cut, copy, paste, undo, redo, group/ungroup, italic, bold, underline, previous/next, play/pause, mute, etc. Other examples of state commands include launching a particular program, launching a particular mode of a program, launching a website, opening a tool bar, opening a menu, arrowing, backspace, space, enter, tab, caps lock, functions, zooming, enlarging/reducing, paging, volume, etc. A manipulative command is a command that continuously manipulates the selected object. Examples of manipulative commands include pointing, tracking, dragging, scrolling, panning, zooming, sizing, stretching, paging, volume, etc. It should be appreciated that these examples are not a limitation and that other commands may be used.
As noted above, a gesture event can be any stylized physical action that can be performed on or above the touch surface. Examples of gesture events may include for example motions, taps, pressure changes, dwells, etc. In some cases, the gesture events may be performed by the chord. In other case, the gesture events may be performed by a subset of the chord. In other cases, the gesture events may be performed by new contacts in addition to or separate from the initial chord. Gesture events will be described in greater detail below.
In block 20, the touch can be monitored for gesture events, and in block 22 a determination can be made as to whether or not gesture events are recognized. Recognizing the gesture events may include analyzing the touch characteristics of contacts (contacts associated with the chord and/or new contacts), identifying a specific pattern and referring to the gesture set and its list of expected gesture events. If the pattern matches an expected gesture event then the pattern may be presumed to be the expected gesture event. The touch characteristics may for example include first order consideration such as motion, tapping, change in pressure, dwell, and second order considerations such as speed (absolute or relative), direction (absolute or relative), orientation (absolute or relative), size (absolute or relative), duration (absolute or relative), shape (absolute or relative), length (absolute or relative), and/or the like.
In one embodiment, gesture events can be designed or selected to be distinguishable from other gesture events to prevent cross talk or mistakes in recognizing the gesture event (e.g., typically want gesture events to be easily differentiated from other gesture events).
Again, gesture events may be classified as motion, tapping, pressure, dwell, etc. If motion, the gesture events may exemplified as follows: sliding in any direction, a slow linear swipe to the right, left, up and down; a quick linear flick to the right, left, up and down; a slow rotation clockwise or counter clockwise; a quick rotation clockwise or counter clockwise; contract or expansion of two of more contacts (e.g., spreading and closing separation between contacts). If tap, the gesture events may further be exemplified as follows: ½ tap, full tape, multiple tap, quick tap, slow tap, etc. If pressure, the gesture events may be further exemplified as light press or hard press. If dwell, the gesture events may be further exemplified as long stationary pause or short stationary pause. It should be appreciated that this list is not a limitation and that gesture events may be classified in other ways and orientations. For example, linear motion gestures are not limited to right, left, up and down, and may further include up-right, up-left, down-right, down-left.
The gesture events may be basic or advanced. Basic gestures may be those gestures with one action as for example swipe linear right. Advanced gestures may be those gestures with multiple actions such as swipe linear right followed by a tap or swipe linear right; long pause, swipe linear left; or rotate CCW with increased or decreased pressure. Advanced gestures may include any number of actions. Basic gestures may be used for ease of use and processing complexity reasons.
If a gesture event is recognized, the operation can proceed to block 24 where the action(s) associated with the gesture events are performed. Block 24 may include referring to the gesture set and locating the action(s) associated with the recognized gesture events. Once located, the action(s) can be initiated. If the action is a state command, the command can be initiated each and every time the gesture event is performed (e.g., the gesture event operates like a button). In some cases, the gesture event can be designed to create repetitive state commands. For example, if the user extends or continues the gesture event multiple state commands can be initiated. This may be helpful in a game mode for rapid firing or in an editing mode when undoing work or in a browse mode when flipping through pages. By way of example, if a single undo command is initiated by a quick linear swipe to the right, a repetitive undo command may be initiated by a quick linear swipe followed by a slow linear swipe in one continuous motion (during touch). In this example, the undo command can be repeatedly initiated in accordance with the slow linear swipe (e.g., the undo command is fired every 100 ms during the slow linear swipe). If the action is a manipulative command, the command can be continuously generated during the gesture event (e.g., one to one correspondence between command and gesture event). For example, if the command is scrolling, scrolling can be performed as long as the gesture event is performed and in accordance with the gesture event properties (e.g., speed, direction, etc.).
Following block 24, the operation can proceed to block 26 where a determination is made as to whether or not a switching event has been performed. A switching event can refer to an event that resets the operation or initiates a chord change. The switching event may be implemented in a variety of ways. For example, it may be implemented by removing all contacts for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., lifting hand off of touch surface). It may also be implemented by changing the base chord during the touch (e.g., adding/removing contacts). It may also be implemented by adding/removing contacts from the opposite hand (e.g., placing one or more fingers down with the opposite hand while the other hand is still touching). It may also be implemented by pausing (e.g., if the contacts stay stationary for a preset amount of time). It may also be implemented by a key entry or button click from a standard keyboard or mouse. It may also be implemented via a gesture event. If a switching event has occurred, the operation proceeds back to block 12. If a switching event has not occurred, then the operation proceeds back to block 20.
Following block 52, the operation can proceed to block 54, where a gesture set is determined for the touch. The gesture set may depend on many factors including touch characteristics, touch location, open application, mode of application, and the like. In most cases, the gesture set is based at least in part on the arrangement of contacts at touchdown.
Following block 54, the operation can proceed to block 56 where the touch is monitored for gesture events associated with the gesture set. The gesture set may include one or more gesture events for provoking or initiating a command (e.g., commands can be tied or linked to specific gesture events).
Following block 56, the operation can proceed to block 58 where one or more commands are initiated when gesture events are performed. For example, a user may slide a specific arrangement of fingers to provoke or initiate a scrolling event.
The initial chord selection model described above in
In one example of
The above example may be useful in game modes. The base chord can be used for pointing, first new digit can be used for triggering, and the second new digit can be used for a weapon change. Alternatively, in standard modes, the base chord can be used for pointing, first new digit can be used for primary click and drag, and the second new digit can be used for a secondary click and drag. The three finger support provides sufficient support in both gaming and standard modes.
In the pause selection model described in
In an alternative embodiment of
Side pinky swipe may be useful for simple control gestures like volume up/down, sleep, screen saver, etc. The side pinky swipe has the simplicity of single finger touch while being recognizably distinct from normal 1 fingertip pointing/clicking. It is also very ergonomic because while touching with side of pinky, the thumb is pointing straight up into the air. This is the most neutral comfortable of all wrist positions.
Dashboard is a control panel that includes customizable widgets (mini applications) that bring information to the user instantly—weather forecasts, stock quotes, yellow pages, airline flights, sport scores, etc. In most cases, when activated, the Dashboard is brought into view, and when deactivated, the Dashboard is removed from view. The user is able to receive up to date and timely info from the Internet with a click of a button, and then have it disappear instantly when button is released.
Expose is a window management program. Window management programs are configured to help navigate through or mitigate window clutter (the state where its is difficult to find documents or see the desktop because there are so many open windows and/or applications). Expose may have or be selected from three different modes of operation, which can be controlled by gesturing. The first mode is All Windows or Tile, Scale and Show all. When operating in this mode, all open windows are tiled and scaled so that all the open windows can be seen simultaneously inside the display screen. That is, performing the specified gesture instantly tiles all of the open windows—scales them down and neatly arranges them so that the user can view the contents in each window. The amount of scaling or the rate of scaling may be tied to some characteristic of the gesture as for example pressure or speed. The second mode is Application Windows or Highlight Current Application. This mode works similarly to the first mode except that it only works on a particular application. For example, performing the specified gesture may instantly tile the open windows of a particular application while causing all of the other open application to fade to a shade of grey. The third mode is Desktop or Hide All. In this mode, all of the open windows are moved to the screen edges thereby opening up the desktop. That is, performing the specified gesture may hide all of the open windows giving the user instant access to their desktop.
Thereafter, in block 284, the operations can include recognizing a base chord (e.g., two or more fingers). Thereafter, in block 286, a determination can made as to whether or not an upward slide is detected with the base chord. If so, the operation can proceed to block 288 where Expose all is opened. Thereafter, in block 290, a determination can be made as to whether or not a downward slide is detected with the base chord. If so, the operation can proceed to block 292 where Expose all is closed. Thereafter, the operation can proceed back to block 286. Referring back to block 286, if an upward slide is not detected by the base chord, then the operation can proceed to block 294 where a determination can be made as to whether or not a downward slide is detected with the base chord. If so, the operation can proceed to block 296 where dashboard is opened. Thereafter, in block 298, a determination can be made as to whether or not an upward slide is detected. If so, the operation can proceed to block 300 where Dashboard is closed. Thereafter, the operation can proceed back to block 286. Referring back to block 294, if a downward slide is not detected, the operation can proceed to block 301 where a determination is made as to whether the chord has changed. For example, lifting one finger away. If the chord has been changed, the operation can proceed to block 302 where pointing is performed with the altered chord. Thereafter, in block 304, a determination can be made as to whether or not the chord has been changed back to the base chord. If so, the operation can proceed back to block 286. Gesture operation 280 is sometimes referred to as canceling in opposite direction.
In additional embodiments, the operation shown in
A static command gesture is a gesture that is performed by simply placing a specific arrangement of contacts on a touch surface. A command is initiated when the specific arrangement of contacts is identified at touch down. There are no gesture events that follow the initial placement. The command is simply generated when the touch is detected. The static command gesture may be analogous to sign language where specific hand arrangements mean different things. In the context of the static command gesture, each hand arrangement (or different arrangement of contacts) initiates a different command.
Following block 314, the operation can proceed to block 316 where a command tied to a specific arrangement of contacts is initiated when the specific arrangement of contacts is identified. The commands may be widely varied.
Many users keep multiple windows open an any one time. This allows them to go back and forth between windows as needed. This can be beneficial when copying from one window and pasting in another window. In a typical process, the user would select one of the windows, thereby activating the window and then perform actions within the window. The user would then, select another window, thereby activating the new window and deactivating the old window and then perform actions within the new window. This is clumsy and consists of many steps. In order to overcome this, the present invention provides a method in
In one example of
In another example of
To cite an example of
In one example of
To cite an example of
To cite an example of
To cite another example of
Generally speaking, the media management program may need to be placed in a metadata inserting mode. This can be accomplished conventionally through onscreen controls or alternatively by the chord associated with the pointing mechanism.
In one embodiment of
In block 544, the user can assign input functions to a particular chord by selecting an input function from a menu of input functions and then selecting a chord from a menu list of chords. (e.g., highlight input function, and then select chord). Once the chord is selected, the input function can be tied to that chord for future operations (block 546). In some cases, the chord menu may include indication of the input function assigned thereto. In this particular embodiment, the commands may be already assigned to gesture events.
As shown in
Control panel 550 also can include a menu of input functions 554 also in the form of a pull down window. When a user selects the pull down window, the user can be presented with a list of one or more input functions. The input functions may include for example, none, point, point/click, scroll, scroll and secondary click, primary click and drag, secondary click and drag, move window, expose & dashboard, web browser operations, editing operations, file operations and the like. In order to highlight one of the input function, the user can be provided with a highlight bar that traverses through the list in accordance with user controls.
Control panel 550 can also include a gesture set section 556 that shows commands associated with the input function that is highlighted, and gesture events assigned to the commands. The gesture set section may only be for feedback, but can also include the functionality of assigning commands to gesture events (or vice versa). Although the window can be widely varied, in the illustrated embodiment, the window may contain separated boxes, each of which contains a gesture event and a command associated therewith. In this embodiment, the boxes can be set up in a 3×3 matrix, and therefore there can be 9 different gesture events and 9 different commands for each input function. In most cases, oppositely performed gesture events may be placed across from one another. For example, rotate CCW can be located opposite of rotate CW, spread can be located opposite contract, left swipe can be located opposite right swipe, up swipe can be located opposite down swipe. If possible, complimentary command scan be linked to opposite gesture events thereby making them more intuitive.
Control panel 550 can also include a menu of chords 558. The chords can be laid out one on top of the other and move through a window via a scroll bar. The chords may include text identifiers as well as chord indicators showing examples of how to make the chord. In the illustrated embodiment, the chord indicator may be in the form of a hand with darkened circles covering the fingers used to make the chord. The chords may also include text identifiers for the input function assigned to the chord.
In one embodiment, in order to set up the gesture map, the user can highlight an input function and then move to the chord menu. Once at the chord menu, the user can select a desired chord for that input function by traversing through the list of chords, highlighting the desired chord and then performing a selection event as for example via a click. Thereafter, the input function can be assigned to the chord. In some cases, once the user assigns the input function to the chord, the input function identifier can be placed in the chord menu along with the chord. Furthermore, the input function may include an identifier indicating that is has been assigned. For example, a check may be placed by the assigned input function. During operations, when a user places the finger arrangement shown in the chord menu on the multipoint touch surface, the finger arrangement can be recognized as the chord and thereafter, the gesture set associated with the input function assigned to chord can be set as the primary or active gesture set.
Referring to
With so many combinations of chords, gesture events, commands to evaluate, it may be helpful to isolate strength and weaknesses and develop a guiding theory of which chords and gesture events fit well with which commands. It is generally believed that long term user experience is maximized by matching the best finger combinations with the most frequent commands. Mediocre finger combinations should only be used for less frequent commands. However, because of subtle issues such as cross talk, following this principal alone is not sufficient to create a great user experience.
The design process also includes block 704 where the frequency of operations may be rated or ranked. For example, how often a particular user or a group of users performs a particular set of operations. Frequency rankings can vary according to the proportions of operations relative to each other (e.g., web browsing vs. editing).
The design process can also include block 706 where the easiest chords are substantially grouped or matched with the most frequent operations and the hardest chords are substantially grouped or matched with the least frequent operations.
The design process can also includes fine tuning the groups. The fine tuning can be based on many factors including complimentary commands, intuitiveness, cross talk, sensible organization, etc. As should be appreciated, the design process may not be as simple as matching the easiest chord with the most frequent operation. In some cases, the easiest chord may not make sense for the most frequent operation. As such, the chords and the operations may be shifted while still trying to maintain easy with most frequent and hard with less frequent.
In one example of
Dashboard is home to widgets: mini-applications that let you perform common tasks and provide you with fast access to information. With a swipe, Dashboard can appear, complete with widgets that bring a user a world of information—real-time weather, stock tickers, flight information and more—instantly. Dashboard can disappear just as easily, so that a user can get back to what they were doing. Dashboard is manufactured by Apple Computer of Cupertino, Calif.
Expose allows users to instantly access any open window with a single swipe—and stunning style that can never be imitated. Display all open windows as thumbnails, view windows of the current application or hide all windows to quickly locate a file on your desktop. Expose is manufactured by Apple Computer of Cupertino, Calif.
Additional embodiments that are related
In one example, the state of the first finger can include stationary or moving, and the state of a second finger can include whether the second finger is present or not. In this example, pointing operations can be implemented if only the first finger is detected. Furthermore, pointing operations can be switched to dragging operations if the second finger is detected when the first finger is stationary, and pointing operations are maintained if the second finger is detected when the first finger is moving. In so doing, a user can easily switch back and forth between pointing and dragging operations. For example, the user may move one finger over the touch surface to position it or a cursor over a file folder (e.g., pointing), stop the finger or cursor over the file folder, place a second finger down on the touch surface thus indicating that the file folder is desired to be dragged, and then move their first finger to another location to drag the file folder to a new location. The user can keep moving their finger and thus the file folder around, or simply pick up the first finger to finally locate the file fold within the screen.
The exemplary system 950 shown in
In most cases, the processor 956 together with an operating system may operate to execute computer code and produce and use data. Operating systems are generally well known and will not be described in greater detail. By way of example, the operating system may correspond to OS/2, DOS, Unix, Linux, Palm OS, and the like. The operating system can also be a special purpose operating system, such as may be used for limited purpose appliance-type computing devices. The operating system, other computer code and data may reside within a memory block 958 that is operatively coupled to the processor 956. Memory block 958 can provide a place to store computer code and data that are used by the system 950. By way of example, the memory block 958 may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random-Access Memory (RAM), hard disk drive and/or the like. The information can also reside on a removable storage medium and loaded or installed onto the system 950 when needed. Removable storage mediums include, for example, CD-ROM, PC-CARD, memory card, floppy disk, magnetic tape, and a network component.
The system 950 can also include a display device 968 that is operatively coupled to the processor 956. The display device 968 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) (e.g., active matrix, passive matrix and the like). Alternatively, the display device 968 may be a monitor such as a monochrome display, color graphics adapter (CGA) display, enhanced graphics adapter (EGA) display, variable-graphics-array (VGA) display, super VGA display, cathode ray tube (CRT), and the like. The display device may also correspond to a plasma display or a display implemented with electronic inks.
The display device 968 can be configured to display a graphical user interface (GUI) 969 that provides an easy to use interface between a user of the system and the operating system or application running thereon. Generally speaking, the GUI 969 represents, programs, files and operational options with graphical images. The graphical images may include windows, fields, dialog boxes, menus, icons, buttons, cursors, scroll bars, etc. Such images may be arranged in predefined layouts, or may be created dynamically to serve the specific actions being taken by a user. During operation, the user can select and activate various graphical images in order to initiate functions and tasks associated therewith. By way of example, a user may select a button that opens, closes, minimizes, or maximizes a window, or an icon that launches a particular program. The GUI 969 can additionally or alternatively display information, such as non interactive text and graphics, for the user on the display device 968.
The system 950 can also includes one or more input devices 970 that are operatively coupled to the processor 956. The input devices 970 can be configured to transfer data from the outside world into the system 950. The input devices 970 may be integrated with the system 950 or they may be separate components (e.g., peripheral devices). In some cases, the input devices 970 may be connected to the system 950 through wired connections (e.g., cables/ports). In other cases, the input devices 970 may be connected to the system 50 through wireless connections. By way of example, the data link may correspond to PS/2, USB, IR, RF, Bluetooth or the like.
The input device(s) 970 may for example be used to perform tracking and to make selections with respect to the GUI 969 on the display 968. The input device 970 may also be used to issue commands in the system 950.
In one embodiment, the input devices 970 may include a touch sensing device configured to receive input from a user's touch and to send this information to the processor 56. By way of example, the touch-sensing device may correspond to a touchpad, a touch screen and/or a touch sensitive housing.
In many cases, the touch-sensing device can recognize touches (or near touches), as well as the position and magnitude of touches on a touch sensitive surface. The touch sensing means can report the touches to the processor 956 and the processor 956 can interpret the touches in accordance with its programming. For example, the processor 956 may initiate a task in accordance with a particular touch. A dedicated processor can be used to process touches locally and reduce demand for the main processor of the computer system. The touch sensing device may be based on sensing technologies including but not limited to capacitive sensing, resistive sensing, surface acoustic wave sensing, pressure sensing, optical sensing, and/or the like.
Furthermore, the touch sensing means may be based on single point sensing or multipoint sensing. Single point sensing is capable of only distinguishing a single touch, while multipoint sensing is capable of distinguishing multiple touches that occur at the same time. Alternatively or additionally, proximity sensing devices may be used. Proximity sensing devices are capable of sensing objects in space rather than on a touch surface.
In one embodiment, the input devices 970 can include a multipoint input device. Multipoint input devices have advantages over conventional single point devices in that they can distinguish more than one object (finger) at the same time. By way of example, a multipoint device, which can be used herein, is shown and described in greater detail in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos.: 10/840,862 and 11/015,434, both of which are herein incorporated by reference.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the system 950 can be designed to recognize gestures 985 applied to one or more of the input devices 970 (particularly touch devices) and to control aspects of the system 950 based on the gestures 985. As previously noted, a gesture may be defined as a stylized interaction with an input device that is mapped to one or more specific computing operations. The gestures 985 may be made through various hand, and more particularly finger motions. Alternatively or additionally, the gestures may be made with a stylus. In all of these cases, at least one of the input devices 970 such as a touch device can receives the gestures 985 and the processor 956 can execute instructions to carry out operations associated with the gestures 985. In addition, the memory block 958 may include a gesture operational program 988, which may be part of the operating system or a separate application. The gestural operation program 988 can include a set of instructions that recognizes the occurrence of gestures 985 and informs one or more software agents of the gestures 985 and/or what action(s) to take in response to the gestures 985.
When a user performs one or more gestures, the input device 970 can relay gesture information to the processor 956. Using instructions from memory 958, and more particularly, the gestural operational program 988, the processor 956 can interpret the gestures 985 and controls different components of the system 950, such as memory 958, a display 968 based on the gestures 985. The gestures 985 may be identified as commands for performing actions in applications stored in the memory 958, modifying GUI objects shown on the display 968, modifying data stored in memory 958, and/or for performing actions in I/O devices. By way of example, the commands may be associated with zooming, panning, scrolling, paging, rotating, sizing, and the like. As further examples, the commands may also be associated with launching a particular program, opening a file or document, viewing a menu, making a selection, executing instructions, logging onto the computer system, permitting authorized individuals access to restricted areas of the computer system, loading a user profile associated with a user's preferred arrangement of the computer desktop, and/or the like.
In one embodiment, the number of fingers in contact with the input device may indicate an input mode. For example, a single touch as for example by a single finger may indicate the desire to perform tracking, i.e., pointer or cursor movements, or selections, whereas multiple touches as for example by a group of fingers may indicate the desire to perform other gestures. The number of fingers for implementing gesturing may be widely varied. By way of example, two fingers may indicate a first input mode, three fingers may indicate a third input mode, etc. Alternatively, any number of fingers, i.e., more than one, may be used for the same input mode, which can include one or more gesture controls. The orientation of the fingers may similarly be used to denote the desired mode. The profile of the finger may be detected to permit different modal operations based on whether the user has used his thumb or index finger, for example.
In one particular embodiment, a single finger can initiate tracking (or selection) and two or more fingers in close proximity to one another can initiate scrolling or panning. Two fingers can provide easy toggling between one and two fingers, i.e., the user can switch between modes very easily by simply picking or placing an additional finger. This has the advantage of being more intuitive than other forms of mode toggling. During tracking, cursor movement can be controlled by the user moving a single finger on the touch sensitive surface of a touch sensing device. The sensor arrangement of the touch sensing device can interpret the finger motion and generate signals for producing corresponding movement of the cursor on the display. During scrolling, screen movement can be controlled by the user moving dual fingers on the touch sensitive surface of the touch sensing device. When the combined fingers are moved in the vertical direction, the motion can be interpreted as a vertical scroll event, and when the combined fingers are moved in the horizontal direction, the motion can be interpreted as a horizontal scroll event. The same can be said for panning although panning can occur in all directions rather than just the horizontal and vertical directions.
The embodiments described herein can be implemented by hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software. The software can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magnetic tape, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves. The computer readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.
While this invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, there are alterations, permutations, and equivalents, which fall within the scope of this invention. For example, although the invention is primarily directed at touch devices, it should be noted that the invention may also be implemented with proximity sensing devices. In addition, methods may be implemented to automatically synching gesture preferences across multiple devices. For example, when a palm device is connected to a host computer. It should also be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing the methods and apparatuses of the present invention. For example, although the invention has been primarily directed at methods associated with multipoint sensing devices, it should be noted that some of the methods may be directed at single point sensing devices. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims be interpreted as including all such alterations, permutations, and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
This application claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/763,605, filed Jan. 30, 2006, and entitled “GESTURING WITH A MULTIPOINT SENSING DEVICE,” which is herein incorporated by reference. This application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, filed on Jul. 30, 2004, entitled “GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES,” and which is herein incorporated by reference. This application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/015,434, filed on Dec. 17, 2004, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTEGRATING MANUAL INPUT,” (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,339,580, issued on Mar. 4, 2008), which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/236,513, filed on Jan. 25, 1999, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTEGRATING MANUAL INPUT,” (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846, issued on Nov. 27, 2001), which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/072,509 filed Jan. 26, 1998, all of which are herein incorporated by reference. This application is also related to the following patent applications, each of which is herein incorporated by reference: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/654,108, filed Sep. 2, 2003, entitled “AMBIDEXTROUS MOUSE;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/789,676, filed Feb. 27, 2004, entitled “SHAPE DETECTING INPUT DEVICE;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, filed May 6, 2004, entitled “MULTIPOINT TOUCHSCREEN;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/115,539, filed Apr. 26, 2005, entitled “HAND HELD ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH MULTIPLE TOUCH SENSING DEVICES;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, filed Jul. 30, 2004, entitled “PROXIMITY DETECTOR IN HANDHELD DEVICE;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/658,777, filed Mar. 4, 2005, entitled “MULTI-FUNCTIONAL HAND-HELD DEVICE;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, entitled “GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, entitled “MODE-BASED GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, entitled “GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, filed Sep. 16, 2005, entitled “ACTIVATING VIRTUAL KEYS OF A TOUCH-SCREEN VIRTUAL KEYBOARD;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, entitled “VIRTUAL INPUT DEVICE PLACEMENT ON A TOUCH SCREEN USER INTERFACE;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, filed Sep. 16, 2005, entitled “OPERATION OF A COMPUTER WITH TOUCH SCREEN INTERFACE;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/927,925, filed Aug. 26, 2004, entitled “VISUAL EXPANDER;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/927,575, filed Aug. 25, 2004, entitled “WIDE TOUCHPAD ON A PORTABLE COMPUTER;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/619,553, filed Jan. 3, 2007, entitled “MULTI-TOUCH GESTURE DICTIONARY;” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/619,571, filed Jan. 3, 2007, entitled “MULTI-TOUCH GESTURE DICTIONARY.”
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3333160 | Gorski | Jul 1967 | A |
| 3541541 | Engelhart | Nov 1970 | A |
| 3609695 | Pirkle | Sep 1971 | A |
| 3662105 | Hurst et al. | May 1972 | A |
| 3748751 | Breglia et al. | Jul 1973 | A |
| 3757322 | Barkan et al. | Sep 1973 | A |
| 3798370 | Hurst | Mar 1974 | A |
| 3825730 | Worthington, Jr. et al. | Jul 1974 | A |
| 3846826 | Mueller | Nov 1974 | A |
| 4014000 | Uno et al. | Mar 1977 | A |
| 4017848 | Tannas, Jr. | Apr 1977 | A |
| 4146924 | Birk et al. | Mar 1979 | A |
| 4202041 | Kaplow et al. | May 1980 | A |
| 4219847 | Pinkney et al. | Aug 1980 | A |
| 4246452 | Chandler | Jan 1981 | A |
| 4303856 | Serras-Paulet | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4305071 | Bell et al. | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4305131 | Best | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4346376 | Mallos | Aug 1982 | A |
| 4375674 | Thornton | Mar 1983 | A |
| 4396945 | DiMatteo et al. | Aug 1983 | A |
| 4435835 | Sakow et al. | Mar 1984 | A |
| 4475122 | Green | Oct 1984 | A |
| 4484179 | Kasday | Nov 1984 | A |
| 4542375 | Alles et al. | Sep 1985 | A |
| 4550221 | Mabusth | Oct 1985 | A |
| 4561017 | Greene | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4613942 | Chen | Sep 1986 | A |
| 4629319 | Clarke et al. | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4631525 | Serravalle, Jr. | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4631676 | Pugh | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4644100 | Brenner et al. | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4644326 | Villalobos et al. | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4654872 | Hisano et al. | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4672364 | Lucas | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4672558 | Beckes et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4686374 | Liptay-Wagner et al. | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4692809 | Beining et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4695827 | Beining et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4703306 | Barritt | Oct 1987 | A |
| 4710760 | Kasday | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4733222 | Evans | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4734685 | Watanabe | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4746770 | McAvinney | May 1988 | A |
| 4763356 | Day, Jr. et al. | Aug 1988 | A |
| 4771276 | Parks | Sep 1988 | A |
| 4772028 | Rockhold et al. | Sep 1988 | A |
| 4787040 | Ames et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4788384 | Bruere-Dawson et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4806846 | Kerber | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4814759 | Gombrich et al. | Mar 1989 | A |
| 4853888 | Lata et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4898555 | Sampson | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4914624 | Dunthorn | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4948371 | Hall | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4968877 | McAvinney et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4988981 | Zimmerman et al. | Jan 1991 | A |
| 4993806 | Clausen et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5003519 | Noirjean | Mar 1991 | A |
| 5017030 | Crews | May 1991 | A |
| 5038401 | Inotsume | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5045843 | Hansen | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5045846 | Gay et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5060135 | Levine et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5072294 | Engle | Dec 1991 | A |
| 5119079 | Hube et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5148155 | Martin et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5153829 | Furuya et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5168531 | Sigel | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5178477 | Gambaro | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5189403 | Franz et al. | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5194862 | Edwards | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5212555 | Stoltz | May 1993 | A |
| 5224861 | Glass et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5227985 | DeMenthon | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5241308 | Young | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5252951 | Tannenbaum et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5260697 | Barrett et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5281966 | Walsh | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5297041 | Kushler et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5305017 | Gerpheide | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5319386 | Gunn et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5328190 | Dart et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5345543 | Capps et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5347295 | Agulnick et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5347629 | Barrett et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5363051 | Jenstrom et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5367453 | Capps et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5376948 | Roberts | Dec 1994 | A |
| 5379057 | Clough et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5398310 | Tchao et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5412189 | Cragun | May 1995 | A |
| 5418760 | Kawashima et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5422656 | Allard et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5442742 | Greyson et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5459793 | Naoi et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5463388 | Boie et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5463696 | Beernink et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5463725 | Henckel et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5471578 | Moran et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5479528 | Speeter | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5483261 | Yasutake | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5488204 | Mead et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5495077 | Miller et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5495269 | Elrod et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5495576 | Ritchey | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5502514 | Vogeley et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5510806 | Busch | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5511148 | Wellner | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5513309 | Meier et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5515079 | Hauck | May 1996 | A |
| 5523775 | Capps | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5530455 | Gillick et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5530456 | Kokubo | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5543590 | Gillespie et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5543591 | Gillespie et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5548667 | Tu | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5559301 | Bryan, Jr. et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5563632 | Roberts | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5563996 | Tchao | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5565658 | Gerpheide et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5568604 | Hansen | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5570113 | Zetts | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5572239 | Jaeger | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5572647 | Blades | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5579036 | Yates, IV | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5581243 | Ouellette et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5581681 | Tchao et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5583946 | Gourdol | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5589856 | Stein et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5590219 | Gourdol | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5592566 | Pagallo et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5594469 | Freeman et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5594810 | Gourdol | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5596694 | Capps | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5612719 | Beernink et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5613913 | Ikematsu et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5625715 | Trew et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5631805 | Bonsall | May 1997 | A |
| 5633955 | Bozinovic et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5634102 | Capps | May 1997 | A |
| 5636101 | Bonsall et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5642108 | Gopher et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5644657 | Capps et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5649706 | Treat, Jr. et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5666113 | Logan | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5666502 | Capps | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5666552 | Grayson et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5675361 | Santilli | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5675362 | Clough et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5677710 | Thompson-Rohrlich | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5689253 | Hargreaves et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5689667 | Kurtenbach | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5709219 | Chen et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5710844 | Capps et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5711624 | Klauber | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5712661 | Jaeger | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5726685 | Kuth et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5729249 | Yasutake | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5729250 | Bishop et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5730165 | Philipp | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5736974 | Selker | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5736975 | Lunetta | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5736976 | Cheung | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5741990 | Davies | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5745116 | Pisutha-Arnond | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5745716 | Tchao et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5745719 | Falcon | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5746818 | Yatake | May 1998 | A |
| 5748184 | Shieh | May 1998 | A |
| 5748269 | Harris et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5748512 | Vargas | May 1998 | A |
| 5764222 | Shieh | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5764818 | Capps et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5767457 | Gerpheide et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5767842 | Korth | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5777603 | Jaeger | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5790104 | Shieh | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5790107 | Kasser et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5798760 | Vayda et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5801941 | Bertram | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5802516 | Shwarts et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5805145 | Jaeger | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5805146 | Jaeger et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5805167 | Van Cruyningen | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5808567 | McCloud | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5808605 | Shieh | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5809267 | Moran et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5818451 | Bertram et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5821690 | Martens et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5821930 | Hansen | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5823782 | Marcus et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5825232 | Kimura | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5825308 | Rosenberg | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5825351 | Tam | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5825352 | Bisset et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5831601 | Vogeley et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5835079 | Shieh | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5841428 | Jaeger et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5844506 | Binstead | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5844547 | Minakuchi et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5850218 | LaJoie et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5854625 | Frisch et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5859631 | Bergman et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5867149 | Jaeger | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5870091 | Lazarony et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5871251 | Welling et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5874948 | Shieh | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5877751 | Kanemitsu et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5880411 | Gillespie et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5883619 | Ho et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5886697 | Naughton et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5898434 | Small et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5900876 | Yagita et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5910800 | Shields et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5920309 | Bisset et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5923319 | Bishop et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5933134 | Shieh | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5933141 | Smith | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5936613 | Jaeger et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943043 | Furuhata et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943044 | Martinelli et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943052 | Allen et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5943053 | Ludolph et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5949345 | Beckert et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5956291 | Nehemiah et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5956822 | Brieden et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5963671 | Comerford et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5974541 | Hall et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5977867 | Blouin | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5982302 | Ure | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5982352 | Pryor | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5982353 | Gallery et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5982355 | Jaeger et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5995101 | Clark et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5995104 | Kataoka et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5995106 | Naughton et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5999895 | Forest | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6002389 | Kasser | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6002808 | Freeman | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6005549 | Forest | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6005555 | Katsurahira et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6008800 | Pryor | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6013956 | Anderson, Jr. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6020881 | Naughton et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6028271 | Gillespie et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6031469 | Dodd | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6031524 | Kunert | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6034685 | Kuriyama et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6037882 | Levy | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6040824 | Maekawa et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6049326 | Beyda et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6049328 | Vanderheiden | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6050825 | Nichol et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6052339 | Frenkel et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6054984 | Alexander | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6054990 | Tran | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6057540 | Gordon et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6057845 | Dupouy | May 2000 | A |
| 6061177 | Fujimoto | May 2000 | A |
| 6066075 | Poulton | May 2000 | A |
| 6072494 | Nguyen | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6073036 | Heikkinen et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6075531 | DeStefano | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6084576 | Leu et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6094197 | Buxton et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6104384 | Moon et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6105419 | Michels et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6107997 | Ure | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6128003 | Smith et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6130665 | Ericsson | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6131299 | Raab et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6135958 | Mikula-Curtis et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6144380 | Schwarts et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6151596 | Hosomi | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6154194 | Singh | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6154201 | Levin et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6154209 | Naughton et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6160551 | Naughton et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6169538 | Nowlan et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6175610 | Peter | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6188391 | Seely et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6198515 | Cole | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6208329 | Ballare | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6219035 | Skog et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6222465 | Kumar et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6222531 | Smith | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6229502 | Schwab | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6239790 | Martinelli et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6243071 | Shwarts et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6246862 | Grivas et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6249606 | Kiraly et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6255604 | Tokioka et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6256020 | Pabon et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6259436 | Moon et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6271835 | Hoeksma | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6278441 | Gouzman et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6278443 | Amro et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6288707 | Philipp | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6289326 | LaFleur | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6292178 | Bernstein et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6292179 | Lee | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6295049 | Minner | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6295052 | Kato et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6308144 | Bronfield et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6310610 | Beaton et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6313853 | Lamontagne et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6323846 | Westerman et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6326956 | Jaeger et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6333753 | Hinckley | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6337678 | Fish | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6339748 | Hiramatsu | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6344861 | Naughton et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6347290 | Bartlett | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6359572 | Vale | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6359632 | Eastty et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6377009 | Philipp | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6380931 | Gillespie et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6400379 | Johnson et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6411287 | Scharff et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6414671 | Gillespie et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6414672 | Rekimoto et al. | Jul 2002 | B2 |
| 6414674 | Kamper et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6421042 | Omura et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6421046 | Edgren | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6421234 | Ricks et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6424338 | Anderson | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6429846 | Rosenberg et al. | Aug 2002 | B2 |
| 6433801 | Moon et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6441806 | Jaeger | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6441807 | Yamaguchi | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6442440 | Miller | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6452514 | Philipp | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6456952 | Nathan | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6457355 | Philipp | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6457834 | Cotton et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6466036 | Philipp | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6469722 | Kinoe et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6473069 | Gerpheide | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6473102 | Rodden et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6478432 | Dyner | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6480188 | Horsley | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6481851 | McNelley et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6489978 | Gong et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6501464 | Cobbley et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6501515 | Iwamura | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6515669 | Mohri | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6525711 | Shaw et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6525749 | Moran et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6535200 | Philipp | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6543684 | White et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6543947 | Lee | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6545670 | Pryor | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6563492 | Furuya et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6570557 | Westerman et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6570584 | Cok et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6573844 | Venolia et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6583676 | Krah et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6593916 | Aroyan | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6597345 | Hirshberg | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6610936 | Gillespie et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6611252 | DuFaux | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6624833 | Kumar et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6639577 | Eberhard | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6639584 | Li | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6650319 | Hurst et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6654733 | Goodman et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6658994 | McMillan | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6661920 | Skinner | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6664989 | Synder et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6670894 | Mehring | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6677932 | Westerman | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6677933 | Yogaratnam | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6677934 | Blanchard | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6680677 | Tiphane | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6690275 | Long et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6690387 | Zimmerman et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6697721 | Arlinsky | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6703999 | Iwanami et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6710771 | Yamaguchi et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6721784 | Leonard et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6724366 | Crawford | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6757002 | Oross et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6760020 | Uchiyama et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6791467 | Ben-Ze'ev | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6795059 | Endo | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6798768 | Gallick et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6803905 | Capps et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6803906 | Morrison et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6806869 | Yamakado | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6819312 | Fish | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6842672 | Straub et al. | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6856259 | Sharp | Feb 2005 | B1 |
| 6857800 | Zhang et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6874129 | Smith | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6882641 | Gallick et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6888536 | Westerman et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6896375 | Peterson et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6900795 | Knight, III et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6903730 | Mathews et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6920619 | Milevic | Jul 2005 | B1 |
| 6926609 | Martin | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6927761 | Badaye et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6930661 | Uchida et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6942571 | McAllister et al. | Sep 2005 | B1 |
| 6944591 | Raghunandan | Sep 2005 | B1 |
| 6952203 | Banerjee et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6954583 | Nagasaka et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6958749 | Matsushita et al. | Oct 2005 | B1 |
| 6961912 | Aoki et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6965375 | Gettemy et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6970749 | Chinn et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6972401 | Akitt et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6972749 | Hinckley et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6975304 | Hawkins et al. | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 6977666 | Hedrick | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 6985801 | Straub et al. | Jan 2006 | B1 |
| 6992659 | Gettemy | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 7002749 | Kremen | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7015894 | Morohoshi et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7022075 | Grunwald et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7030861 | Westerman et al. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7030863 | Longe et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7031228 | Born et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7038659 | Rajkowski | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7057607 | Mayoraz et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7058902 | Iwema et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7075512 | Fabre et al. | Jul 2006 | B1 |
| 7079114 | Smith et al. | Jul 2006 | B1 |
| 7084859 | Pryor | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 7091410 | Ito et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7098891 | Pryor | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 7098896 | Kushler et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7100105 | Nishimura et al. | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 7143355 | Yamaguchi et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7149981 | Lundy et al. | Dec 2006 | B1 |
| 7151528 | Taylor et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7158123 | Myers et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7180502 | Marvit et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7184064 | Zimmerman et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7194699 | Thomson et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7233316 | Smith et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7233319 | Johnson et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7240289 | Naughton et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7242311 | Hoff et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7260422 | Knoedgen | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7310781 | Chen et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7319454 | Thacker et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7320112 | Yamaguchi et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7339580 | Westerman et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7340077 | Gokturk et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7340685 | Chen et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7346853 | Chen et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7417681 | Lieberman et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7443316 | Lim | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7466843 | Pryor | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7474772 | Russo et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7475390 | Berstis et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7477240 | Yanagisawa | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7478336 | Chen et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7489303 | Pryor | Feb 2009 | B1 |
| 7509113 | Knoedgen | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7515810 | Nagasaka et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7519223 | Dehlin et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7526738 | Ording et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| RE40867 | Binstead | Aug 2009 | E |
| 7593552 | Higaki | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7614008 | Ording | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7653883 | Hotelling et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7663607 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7664748 | Harrity | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7694231 | Kocienda et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7706616 | Kristensson et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7714849 | Pryor | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7746325 | Roberts | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7831932 | Josephsoon et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7856472 | Arav | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7861188 | Josephsoon et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7877705 | Chambers et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7898529 | Fitzmaurice et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 8228305 | Pryor | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8239784 | Hotelling et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8314775 | Westerman et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8330727 | Westerman et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8334846 | Westerman et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8381135 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8384675 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8427449 | Pryor | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8441453 | Westerman et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8466880 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8466881 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8479122 | Hotelling et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8482533 | Westerman et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8482535 | Pryor | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8514183 | Westerman et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8576177 | Westerman et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8593426 | Westerman et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8612856 | Hotelling et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8629840 | Westerman et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8633898 | Westerman et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8665240 | Westerman | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8674943 | Westerman et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8698755 | Westerman et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8730177 | Westerman et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8730192 | Westerman et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8736555 | Westerman et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8866752 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8902175 | Westerman et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 9001068 | Westerman et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9098142 | Westerman et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 20010012001 | Rekimoto et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010012022 | Smith | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010012769 | Sirola et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010015718 | Hinckley et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010026678 | Nagasaka et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010040554 | Nakagawa | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010055038 | Kim | Dec 2001 | A1 |
| 20020015024 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020018051 | Singh | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020044132 | Fish | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020044161 | Sugai | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020051018 | Yeh | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020054175 | Miettinen et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020075317 | Dardick | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020080123 | Kennedy et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020085037 | Leavitt et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020113778 | Rekimoto et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020118848 | Karpenstein | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020120543 | Brittingham et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020130839 | Wallace et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020133522 | Greetham et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020135615 | Lang | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020140633 | Rafii et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020140668 | Crawford | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020140679 | Wen | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020140680 | Lu | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020167545 | Kang et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020180763 | Kung et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020191029 | Gillespie et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020196227 | Surloff et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020196238 | Tsukada et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020196274 | Comfort et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030001899 | Partanen et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030005454 | Rodriguez et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030006974 | Clough et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030016253 | Aoki et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030030664 | Parry | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030063073 | Geaghan et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030071850 | Geidl | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030071858 | Morohoshi | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030072077 | Peterson et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030073461 | Sinclair | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030076301 | Tsuk et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030076303 | Huppi | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030076306 | Zadesky et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030076363 | Murphy | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030095095 | Pihlaja | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030095096 | Robbin et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030095135 | Kaasila et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030098858 | Perski et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030128188 | Wilbrink et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030128195 | Banerjee et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030132922 | Philipp | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030132950 | Surucu et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030152241 | Eastty et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030160808 | Foote et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030164820 | Kent | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030169303 | Islam et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030179201 | Thacker | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030193481 | Sokolsky | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030197736 | Murphy | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030201972 | Usuda | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030206202 | Moriya | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030210260 | Palmer et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030210286 | Gerpheide et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030214534 | Uemura et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030222977 | Yoshino | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030234768 | Rekimoto et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030237043 | Novak et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040001048 | Kraus et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040009788 | Mantyjarvi et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040017499 | Ambiru | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040019505 | Bowman et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040021643 | Hoshino et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040021644 | Enomoto | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040021696 | Molgaard | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040036622 | Dukach et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040046887 | Ikehata et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040053661 | Jones et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040056837 | Koga et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040056839 | Yoshihara | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040056849 | Lohbihler et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040064473 | Thomas et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040080529 | Wojcik | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040100479 | Nakano et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040119750 | Harrison | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040125081 | Hayakawa | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040134238 | Buckroyd et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040135774 | La Monica | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040135818 | Thomson et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040136564 | Roeber et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040140956 | Kushler et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040141157 | Ramachandran et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040145601 | Brielmann et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040146688 | Treat | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040150668 | Myers et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040150669 | Sabiers et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040155888 | Padgitt et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040160419 | Padgitt | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040165924 | Griffin | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040178994 | Kairls, Jr. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040181749 | Chellapilla et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040183833 | Chua | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040189720 | Wilson et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040198463 | Knoedgen | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040218963 | Van Diepen et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040227739 | Tani et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040227830 | Kobayashi et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040230912 | Clow et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040237052 | Allport | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040245352 | Smith | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040262387 | Hart | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040263484 | Montysalo et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050005241 | Hunleth et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050012723 | Pallakoff | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050015731 | Mak et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050016366 | Ito et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050024341 | Gillespie et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050052425 | Zadeski et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050052427 | Wu et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050057524 | Hill et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050064936 | Pryor | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050066270 | Ali et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050071771 | Nagasawa et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050078087 | Gates et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050091577 | Torres et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050104867 | Westerman et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050110768 | Marriott et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050116941 | Wallington | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050120312 | Nguyen | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050132072 | Pennell et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050134578 | Chambers et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050162402 | Watanachote | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050169503 | Howell et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050169527 | Longe et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050171783 | Suominen | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050174975 | Mgrdechian et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050190970 | Griffin | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050204008 | Shinbrood | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050204889 | Swingle et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050211766 | Robertson et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050223308 | Gunn et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050253816 | Himberg et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050253818 | Nettamo | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050259087 | Hoshino et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060001650 | Robbins et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060007174 | Shen | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060010374 | Corrington et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060010400 | Dehlin et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060012577 | Kyrola | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060022955 | Kennedy | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060022956 | Lengeling et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026521 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026535 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026536 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060031752 | Surloff et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060032680 | Elias et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060033724 | Chaudhri et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060035681 | Oh | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060052885 | Kong | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060053387 | Ording | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060066582 | Lyon et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060066590 | Ozawa et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060071915 | Rehm | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060085757 | Andre et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060085767 | Hinckley et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060097991 | Hotelling et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060125803 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060150120 | Dresti et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060161846 | Van Leeuwen | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060161870 | Hotelling et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060161871 | Hotelling et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060167993 | Aaron et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060181517 | Zadesky et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060181519 | Vernier et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060197750 | Kerr et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060197753 | Hotelling | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060232567 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060238517 | King et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060238518 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060238519 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060238520 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060238521 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060238522 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060242587 | Eagle et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060242607 | Hudson | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060244735 | Wilson | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060253793 | Zhai et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060265668 | Rainisto | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060274051 | Longe et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060290921 | Hotelling et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070011603 | Makela | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070033269 | Atkinson et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070061754 | Ardhanari et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070070050 | Westerman et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070070051 | Westerman et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070070052 | Westerman et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070078919 | Westerman et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070081726 | Westerman et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070083823 | Jaeger | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070087766 | Hardy et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088787 | Hardy et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070139395 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070150830 | Ording | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070159453 | Inoue | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070171210 | Chaudhri et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070176906 | Warren | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070177803 | Elias et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070177804 | Elias et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070180360 | Neil | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070222768 | Geurts et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070229464 | Hotelling et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070236466 | Hotelling | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070247429 | Westerman | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070257890 | Hotelling et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070268273 | Westerman et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070268274 | Westerman et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070268275 | Westerman et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070276875 | Brunswig et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20080016468 | Chambers et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080024463 | Pryor | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080036743 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080040692 | Sunday | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080041639 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080042986 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080042987 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080042988 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080042989 | Westerman et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080088587 | Pryor | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080128182 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080129707 | Pryor | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080139297 | Beaulieu et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080174553 | Trust | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080189622 | Sanchez et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080211775 | Hotelling et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080211779 | Pryor | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080211783 | Hotelling et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080211784 | Hotelling et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080211785 | Hotelling et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080229236 | Carrer et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080231610 | Hotelling et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080309626 | Westerman | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080316183 | Westerman et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090021489 | Westerman et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090064006 | Naick et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090160816 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090244031 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090244032 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090244033 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090249236 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090251435 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090251438 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090251439 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090267921 | Pryor | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090273563 | Pryor | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090273574 | Pryor | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090273575 | Pryor | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090300531 | Pryor | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090322499 | Pryor | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100149092 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100149134 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100231506 | Pryor | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20110037725 | Pryor | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20120223894 | Zhao | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120293440 | Hotelling et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120293442 | Westerman et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20130009900 | Pryor | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130147761 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130154982 | Hotelling et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130241823 | Pryor | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130241847 | Hotelling et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130265263 | Westerman et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20140074426 | Hotelling | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140176499 | Westerman et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20150029152 | Westerman et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1243096 | Oct 1988 | CA |
| 1326564 | Dec 2001 | CN |
| 100 42 300 | Mar 2002 | DE |
| 100 59 906 | Jun 2002 | DE |
| 101 40 874 | Mar 2003 | DE |
| 102 51 296 | May 2004 | DE |
| 0394614 | Oct 1990 | EP |
| 0 422 577 | Apr 1991 | EP |
| 0 422 577 | Apr 1991 | EP |
| 0 462 759 | Dec 1991 | EP |
| 0 462 759 | Dec 1991 | EP |
| 0 462 759 | Dec 1991 | EP |
| 0 288 692 | Jul 1993 | EP |
| 0 588 210 | Mar 1994 | EP |
| 0 588 210 | Mar 1994 | EP |
| 0 622 722 | Nov 1994 | EP |
| 0 622 722 | Nov 1994 | EP |
| 0 622 722 | Nov 1994 | EP |
| 0 664 504 | Jan 1995 | EP |
| 0 464 908 | Sep 1996 | EP |
| 0 817 000 | Jan 1998 | EP |
| 0 817 000 | Jan 1998 | EP |
| 0 880 090 | Nov 1998 | EP |
| 0 880 090 | Nov 1998 | EP |
| 0926588 | Jun 1999 | EP |
| 1 014 295 | Jan 2002 | EP |
| 1233330 | Aug 2002 | EP |
| 1 271 295 | Jan 2003 | EP |
| 1 271 295 | Jan 2003 | EP |
| 1517228 | Mar 2005 | EP |
| 1 569 079 | Aug 2005 | EP |
| 1 505 484 | Sep 2005 | EP |
| 1 674 976 | Jun 2006 | EP |
| 2 390 774 | Nov 2011 | EP |
| 2330670 | Apr 1999 | GB |
| 2 332 293 | Jun 1999 | GB |
| 2 337 349 | Nov 1999 | GB |
| 2344894 | Jun 2000 | GB |
| 2 351 639 | Jan 2001 | GB |
| 2 380 583 | Apr 2003 | GB |
| 63-167923 | Jul 1988 | JP |
| 04-048318 | Feb 1992 | JP |
| 04-054523 | Feb 1992 | JP |
| 05-297979 | Nov 1993 | JP |
| 06-019663 | Jan 1994 | JP |
| 06-161661 | Jun 1994 | JP |
| 7-129312 | May 1995 | JP |
| 7-230352 | Aug 1995 | JP |
| 09-033278 | Feb 1997 | JP |
| 9-330175 | Dec 1997 | JP |
| 10-039748 | Feb 1998 | JP |
| 10-171600 | Jun 1998 | JP |
| 11-053093 | Feb 1999 | JP |
| 11-073271 | Mar 1999 | JP |
| 11-085380 | Mar 1999 | JP |
| 11-119911 | Apr 1999 | JP |
| 11-133816 | May 1999 | JP |
| 11-175258 | Jul 1999 | JP |
| 11-194863 | Jul 1999 | JP |
| 2000-010705 | Jan 2000 | JP |
| 2000-163031 | Jun 2000 | JP |
| 2000-163193 | Jun 2000 | JP |
| 2000-163444 | Jun 2000 | JP |
| 2000-231670 | Aug 2000 | JP |
| 2001-134382 | May 2001 | JP |
| 2001-147918 | May 2001 | JP |
| 2001-230992 | Aug 2001 | JP |
| 2002-034023 | Jan 2002 | JP |
| 2002-501271 | Jan 2002 | JP |
| 2002-342033 | Nov 2002 | JP |
| 2003-173237 | Jun 2003 | JP |
| 2004-110388 | Apr 2004 | JP |
| 10-2001-0040410 | May 2001 | KR |
| 4057131 | Jul 2004 | KR |
| WO-9202000 | Feb 1992 | WO |
| WO-9429788 | Dec 1994 | WO |
| WO-9718547 | May 1997 | WO |
| WO-9723738 | Jul 1997 | WO |
| WO-9736225 | Oct 1997 | WO |
| WO-9740744 | Nov 1997 | WO |
| WO-9814863 | Apr 1998 | WO |
| WO-9833111 | Jul 1998 | WO |
| WO-9928813 | Jun 1999 | WO |
| WO 9938149 | Jul 1999 | WO |
| WO-9954807 | Oct 1999 | WO |
| WO-0038042 | Jun 2000 | WO |
| WO-0102949 | Jan 2001 | WO |
| WO-0201482 | Jan 2002 | WO |
| WO-0239245 | May 2002 | WO |
| WO-0239245 | May 2002 | WO |
| WO-0239245 | May 2002 | WO |
| WO-03028722 | Apr 2003 | WO |
| WO-03028722 | Apr 2003 | WO |
| WO-03036457 | May 2003 | WO |
| WO-03036457 | May 2003 | WO |
| WO-03062978 | Jul 2003 | WO |
| WO-03088176 | Oct 2003 | WO |
| WO-03098417 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| WO-03098417 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| WO-03098421 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| WO-2004029789 | Apr 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004029789 | Apr 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004047069 | Jun 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004051392 | Jun 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004051393 | Jun 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004091956 | Oct 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004091956 | Oct 2004 | WO |
| WO-2005064442 | Jul 2005 | WO |
| WO-2005114369 | Dec 2005 | WO |
| WO-2006003590 | Jan 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006003590 | Jan 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006020304 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006020305 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006023569 | Mar 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006026012 | Mar 2006 | WO |
| 1 674 976 | Jun 2006 | WO |
| WO-2007037808 | Apr 2007 | WO |
| WO-2007037809 | Apr 2007 | WO |
| WO-2007089766 | Aug 2007 | WO |
| WO-2008094791 | Jul 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008094791 | Jul 2008 | WO |
| WO-2010135478 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| WO-2014043275 | Mar 2014 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Anonymous. “Ai Squared Products—XoomText Magnifier,” http://www/aisquared.com/Products/zoomtexturemag/index.cfm, downloaded Oct. 26, 2005, Cited in Parent U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964. |
| Anonymous. “Ai Squared Products,” http://www.aisquared.com/Products/index.cfm, downloaded Oct. 25, 2005, Cited in Parent U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964. |
| Anonymous. “Lunar Screen Magnifier and Lunar Plus Enhanced Screen Magnifier,” www.dolphincomputeraccess.com/products/lunar.htm, downloaded Oct. 25, 2005, Cited in Parent U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964. |
| Anonymous. “Touchscreen Technology Choices,” http://www.elotouch.com/products/detech2.asp, downloaded Aug. 5, 2005, Cited in Parent 10/903,964. |
| Anonymous. “Visual Disabilities,” http://depts.stcc.edu/ods/ACCESS/bpvisual.htm, downloaded Oct. 25, 2005, Cited in Parent U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964. |
| Buxton, W. et al. (Jul. 22, 1985). “Issues and Techniques in Touch-Sensitive Tablet Input,” Proceedings ACM Siggraph, pp. 215-224, EP 06016830.9. |
| Chang, C-C. et al. (Aug. 1, 1993). “A Hashing-Oriented Nearest Neighbor Searching Scheme,” Pattern Recognition Letters, 14(8):625-630, EP 06016833.3. |
| Crowley, J.L. (Mar. 1, 1997). “Vision for Man-Machine Interaction,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 19(3-4):347-358, EP 06016832.5. |
| Davis, J. et al. (May 2, 1994). “Recognizing Hand Gestures,” European Conference on Computer Vision, Stockholm, SE, 1:331-340, EP 06016833.3. |
| Davis, J. et al. (Oct. 31, 1994). “Determining 3-D Hand Motion,” Signals, Systems and Computers, 1994 Conference Record of the 28th Asilomar Conference on Pacific Grove, CA, Oct. 31-Nov. 2, 1994, Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 1262-1266, EP 06016833.3. |
| European Examination Report for European Patent Application No. 06016830.9, mailed Aug. 6, 2008. |
| European Examination Report for European Patent Application No. 06016856.4 mailed Sep. 16, 2008. |
| European Examination Report for European Patent Application No. 99904228.6, mailed Apr. 20, 2006. |
| European Examination Report for European Patent Application No. 99904228.6, mailed Mar. 23, 2007. |
| European Search Report for European Patent Application No. 06016830.9 mailed Dec. 3, 2007. |
| European Search Report mailed Dec. 12, 2008, for EP Application No. 06016855.6 filed Jan. 25, 1999, six pages. |
| European Search Report mailed Dec. 23, 2008, for EP Application No. 06016831.7 filed Jan. 25, 1999, seven pages. |
| European Search Report mailed Jan. 9, 2009, for EP Application No. 06016832.5 filed Jan. 25, 1999, four pages. |
| European Supplementary Search Report for European Patent Application No. 99904228.6, mailed Feb. 16, 2005. |
| Extended European Search Report for European Patent Application No. 06016858.0, mailed Dec. 21, 2007. |
| Extended European Search Report for European Patent Application No. 06016856.4, mailed Mar. 14, 2008. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 20, 2007, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/927,925, filed Aug. 26, 2004, 25 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 10, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/927,925, filed Aug. 26, 2004, 22 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 24, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, 12 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 5, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 15 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 17, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/241,839, filed Sep. 30, 2005, 16 pages. |
| Heap, T. et al. (Oct. 14, 1996). “Towards 3D Hand Tracking Using a Deformable Model,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, Killington, VT, USA Oct. 14-16, 1996, Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, IEEE Comput. Soc., pp. 140-145, EP 06016832.5. |
| International Search Report for PCT/US99/01454, mailed May 14, 1999. |
| Kahney, L. (Mar. 8, 2004). “Pocket PCs Masquerade as IPods,” available at: http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2004/03/62543, last visited Apr. 28, 2008, two pages. 11/240,788 892, U.S. Appl. No. 1/240,899, 892. |
| Lee, S.K. et al. (Apr. 1985). “A Multi-Touch Three Dimensional Touch-Sensitive Tablet,” Proceedings of CHI: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 21-25, Cited in parent U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964. |
| Nirei, K. et al. (Aug. 5, 1996). “Human Hand Tracking from Binocular Image Sequences,” Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE IECON 22nd International Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, Aug. 5-10, 1996, Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation 1(5):297-302, EP 06016832.5. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jul. 24, 2007, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/927,925, filed Aug. 26, 2004, 20 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 21, 2007, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,515, filed Jul. 3, 2006, seven pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 24, 2007, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,506, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 24, 2007, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,521, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Nov. 1, 2007, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, 20 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jan. 28, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,522, filed Jul. 3, 2006, seven pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 4, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,515, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 30, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 5, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/927,925, filed Aug. 26, 2004, 22 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jul. 9, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,521, filed Jul. 3, 2006, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 2, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,522, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 15, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,506, filed Jul. 3, 2006, eight pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 17, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/214,839, filed Sep. 30, 2005, 18 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 31, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,515, filed Jul. 3, 2006, seven pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 17, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,522, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 2, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/038,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, 41 pages. |
| Notice of Allowability mailed Feb. 11, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,521, filed Jul. 3, 2006, five pages. |
| Pavlovic, V.I. et al. (Jul. 1997). “Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19(7):677-695, EP 06016833.3 |
| Smith, R. et al. (1996). “Relating Distortion to Performance in Distortion-Oriented Displays,” Proceedings of the 6th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (OZCGU '96), pp. 6-11, Cited in Parent U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964. |
| The Gadgeteer. (Jun. 6, 2003). “Apple iPod (30GB),” available at http://the-gadgeteer.com/review/apple—ipod—30gb—review, last visited Apr. 28, 208, 19 pages, U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788 892. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/332,861, filed Jan. 13, 2006 which is a Reissue of 6,677,932 (copy not attached). |
| Westerman, W. (Jan. 1, 1999). “Hand Tracking, Finger Identification, and Chordic Manipulation on a Multi-Touch Surface,” Dissertation, University of Delaware, pp. 1-33, EP 06016832.5. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 19, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,515, filed Jul. 3, 2006, 14 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 31, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/038,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, 36 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 29, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,822, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 30, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,503, filed Jul. 3, 2006, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 18, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 22, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,833, filed Nov. 14, 2006, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 24, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/677,958, filed Feb. 22, 2007, six pages. |
| Sun Microsystems. (1992). “The Star7 PDA Prototype,” located at <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahg8OBYixL0, last visited Jan. 15, 2010, seven pages, Cited in parent U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 60/763,605, filed Jan. 30, 2006, entitled “Gesturing With a Multipoint Sensing Device”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, entitled “Gestures for Touch Sensitive Input Devices”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/015,434, filed Dec. 17, 2004, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Integrating Manual Input”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 60/072,509, filed Jan. 26, 1998, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Capacitive Imaging for Multiple Finger Contacts”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 10/654,108, filed Sep. 2, 2003, entitled “Ambidextrous Mouse”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 10/789,676, filed Feb. 27, 2004, entitled “Shape Detecting Input Device”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 10/840,862, filed May 6, 2004, entitled “Multipoint Touchscreen”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/115,539, filed Apr. 26, 2005, entitled “Handheld Electronic Device With Multiple Touch Sensing Device”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/241,839, filed Jul. 30, 2004, entitled “Proximity Detector in Handheld Device”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 60/658,777, filed Mar. 4, 2005, entitled “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/038,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, entitled “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces for Touch Sensitive Input Devices”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, entitled “Gestrures for Touch Sensitive Input Devices”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,737, filed Sep. 16, 2005, entitled “Activating Virtual Keys of a Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, entitled “Virtual Input Device Placement on a Touch Screen User Interface”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,700, filed Sep. 16, 2005, entitled “Operation of a Computer With Touch Screen Interface”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 10/927,925, filed Aug. 26, 2004, entitled “Visual Expander”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 10/927,575, filed Aug. 25, 2004, entitled “Wide Touchpad on a Portable Computer”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/619,553, filed Jan. 3, 2007, entitled “Multi-Touch Gesture Dictionary”. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/619,571, filed Jan. 3, 2007, entitled “Multi-Touch Gesture Dictionary”. |
| Malik, S. et al. (2004). “Visual Touchpad: A Two-Handed Gestural Input Device,” Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, State College, PA, Oct. 13-15, 2004, ICMI '04, ACM pp. 289-296, U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758 892. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jan. 27, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,522, filed Jul. 3, 2006, five pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 3, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 20 pages. |
| NOn-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 2, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, 13 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jul. 7, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 14 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 10, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 10, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, 13 pages. |
| Notice of Allowability mailed Jul. 10, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,521, filed Jul. 3, 2006, five pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Apr. 14, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,736, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 11 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 12, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,503, filed Jul. 3, 2006, 12 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jun. 4, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, 22 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jun. 11, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,833, filed Nov. 14, 2006, eight pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jul. 6, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 12 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jul. 19, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,522, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Aug. 17, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, nine pages. |
| Korean Office Action mailed May 17, 2008, for KR Application No. 10-2007-7005010, with English Translation, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 11, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,788, filed Jul. 30, 2007, eight pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 8, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/696,693, filed Apr. 4, 2007, 27 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 8, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,808, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 13 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 9, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,793, filed Jul. 30, 2007, eight pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 10, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,801, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 10 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 22, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,815, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 12 pages. |
| Notice of Allowability (Supplemental) mailed May 12, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,822, filed Nov. 14, 2006, two pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Mar. 23, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,501, filed Jul. 3, 2006, eight pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Apr. 26, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,822, filed Nov. 14, 2006, nine pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jun. 21, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/677,958, filed Feb. 22, 2007, eight pages. |
| Rubine, D.H. (Dec. 1991). “The Automatic Recognition of Gestures,” CMU-CS-91-202, Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, 285 pages, cited in parent U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964. |
| Rubine, D. (May 1992). “Combining Gestures and Direct Manipulation,” CHI '92, pp. 659-660, cited in parent U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 19, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,506, filed Jul. 3, 2006, seven pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 18, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,515, filed Jul. 3, 2006, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 2, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,501, filed Jul. 3, 2006, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 2, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,503, filed Jul. 3, 2006, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Aug. 18, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Aug. 25, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,522, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 2, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,736, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 12 pages. |
| Notice of Allowability mailed Sep. 2, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,506, filed Jul. 3, 2006, five pages. |
| Notice of Allowability mailed Sep. 3, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/241,839, filed Sep. 30, 2005, 10 pages. |
| Westerman, Wayne, et al., “Multi-Touch: A New Tactile 2-D Gesture Interface for Human-Computer Interaction,” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45th Annual Meeting, 2001, PCT/US2007/002512. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 5, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,799, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 14 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 6, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,763, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 24 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 14, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,501, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Bales, J. W. et al. (Apr. 1981). “Marking Parts to Aid Robot Vision,” NASA Technical Paper 1819, 37 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 12, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/349,350, filed Feb. 8, 2006, nine pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jul. 20, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 19 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Sep. 2, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/272,868, filed Nov. 15, 2005, nine pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Oct. 19, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,799, filed Nov. 14, 2006, eight pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Oct. 29, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,763, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 15 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 23, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/696,693, filed Apr. 4, 2007, 24 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 23, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,801, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 13 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 26, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,793, filed Jul. 30, 2007, nine pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 2, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,815, filed Jul. 30, 2007, nine pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 3, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,788, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 15 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jan. 19, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/980,721, filed Oct. 31, 2007, nine pages. |
| International Search Report mailed Aug. 28, 2007, for PCT Application No. PCT/US2004/009701, filed Mar. 31, 2004, one page. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jan. 6, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/349,350, filed Feb. 8, 2006, 10 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 5, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/272,868, filed Nov. 15, 2005, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 7, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/272,868, filed Nov. 15, 2005, seven pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jul. 29, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/980,721, filed Oct. 31, 2007, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Aug. 2, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/980,722, filed Oct. 31, 2007, five pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 17, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/832,134, filed Aug. 1, 2007, 26 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 29, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Nov. 23, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,808, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jan. 20, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,757, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 21 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 9, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 17, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/852,690, filed Sep. 10, 2007, 10 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 17, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,766, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 20 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/272,868, filed Nov. 15, 2005, by Pryor. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/349,350, filed Feb. 8, 2006, by Pryor. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 11/878,024, filed Jul. 20, 2007, by Pryor. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 90/010,571, filed Jun. 10, 2009, by Pryor. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 9, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/980,722, filed Oct. 31, 2007, 11 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 21, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/832,134, filed Aug. 1, 2007, 33 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 18, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,774, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 18 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 21, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,801, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 31, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,573, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 17 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 31, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,617, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 20 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 31, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,678, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 18 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 4, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/272,868, filed Nov. 15, 2005, nine pages. |
| Anonymous. (2011). “Jog Dial” located at http://www.ask.com/wiki/Jog—dial, last visited Feb. 27, 2011, two pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Apr. 21, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,808, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 10 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 11, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 21, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,763, filed Nov. 14, 2006, seven pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 28, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,781, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 16 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 29, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/980,721, filed Oct. 31, 2007, 10 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 4, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/038,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, 40 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 4, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,639, filed May 9, 2008, seven pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Aug. 10, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, seven pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 7, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/878,024, Jul. 20, 2007, 10 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 28, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,197, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 18 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 28, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,205, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 13 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 28, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,212, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 16 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 29, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/342,027, filed Dec. 22, 2008, 32 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jul. 19, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/980,722, filed Oct. 31, 2007, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jul. 20, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,788, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Aug. 4, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,793, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 13 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Aug. 5, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,222, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Aug. 5, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,225, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 17 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Sep. 27, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,774, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 15 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Sep. 28, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,678, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 13 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Oct. 14, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,801, filed Jul. 30, 2007 , 16 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Oct. 19, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,573, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 13 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 10, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/272,868, filed Nov. 15, 2005, nine pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 17, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,781, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 16 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 17, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,617, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 18 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 18, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/878,024, filed Jul. 20, 2007, 18 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 28, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/038,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, 43 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 16, 2011, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,212, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 20 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 1, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,766, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 29 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 16, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,757, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 26 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 23, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,973, filed Jul. 10, 2009, 5 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 29, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, 17 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 29, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 30, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/468,401, filed May 19, 2009, 19 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 14, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/434,439, filed May 1, 2009, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 27, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/139,411, filed Jun. 13, 2008, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Nov. 8, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,639, filed May 9, 2008, five pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Nov. 10, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,815, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Nov. 23, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,515, filed Jul. 3, 2006, eight pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 8, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 16 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 8, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,925, filed Jul. 10, 2009, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 9, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,984, filed Jul. 10, 2009, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 12, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,951, filed Jul. 10, 2009, eight pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 16, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,978, filed Jul. 10, 2009, nine pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Aug. 16, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,763, filed Nov. 14, 2006, nine pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Oct. 26, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,763, filed Nov. 14, 2006, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jan. 19, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,808, filed Jul. 30, 2007, eight pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Feb. 3, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,205, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 16 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jan. 30, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,503, filed Jul. 3, 2006, 15 pages. |
| Annex to Form PCT/ISA/206 Communication Relating to the Results of the Prtial International Search Received in Corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US2005/025641 dated Feb. 19, 2007. |
| Anonymous. “Touch Technologies Overview” 2001, 3M Touch Systems, Massachusetts. |
| Anonymous. “4-Wire Resistive Touchscreens” obtained from http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-4resistive.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “5-Wire Resistive Touchscreens” obtained from http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-resistive.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “A Brief Overview of Gesture Recognition” obtained from http://www. Dai. Ed. Ac.uk/Cvonline/LOCA—COPIES/COHEN/gesture—overview. Html, generated Apr. 20, 2004. |
| Anonymous. “Capacitive Position Sensing” obtained from http://www.synaptics.com/technology/cps.cfin generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Capacitive Touchscreens” obtained from http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-capacitive.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Comparing Touch Technologies” obtained from http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes.html generated Oct. 10, 2004. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks—Gesture Guide—Application Switching,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/gesture—guide—apps.html, generated on Aug. 27, 2004, 1-pg. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks—Gesture Guide—Editing,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/gesure—guide—editing.html, generated on Aug. 27, 2004, 1-pg. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks—Gesture Guide—File Operations,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/gesture—guide—files.html, generated on Aug. 27, 2004, 1-pg. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks—Gesture Guide—Text Manipulation,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/gesture—guide—text—manip.html, generated on Aug. 27, 2004, 2-pg. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks—Gesture Guide—Tips and Tricks,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/gesture—guide—tips.html, generated Aug. 27, 2004, 2-pgs. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks—Gesture Guide—Web,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/gesture—guide—web.html, generated on Aug. 27, 2004, 1-pg. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks—Guide to Hand Gestures for USB Touchpads,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/igesture—userguide.html, generated Aug. 27, 2004, 1-pg. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks—iGesture—Technical Details,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/igesture—tech.html, generated Aug. 27, 2004, 1-pg. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks—The Only Touchpads with Ergonomic Full-Hand Resting and Relaxation?” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/resting.html, Copyright 2001, 1-pg. |
| Anonymous. “FingerWorks— Tips for Typing on the Mini,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/mini—typing.html, generated on Aug. 27, 2004, 2-pgs. |
| Anonymous. “G1idePoint®” obtained from http://www.cirque.com/technology/technology—gp.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Gesture Recognition” http://www.fingerworks.com/gesture—recognition.html>, Jul. 2, 2006. |
| Anonymous. “How do touchscreen monitors know where you're touching?” obtained from http://www.electronics.howstuffworks.com/question716.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “How does a touchscreen work?” obtained from http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-anatomy.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “iGesture Pad—The MultiFinger USB TouchPad with Whole-Hand Gestures,” obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/igesture.html, generated Aug. 27, 2004, 2-pgs. |
| Anonymous. “iGesture Products for Everyone (learn in minutes) Product Overview” FingerWorks.com downloaded Aug. 30, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Infrared Touchscreens” obtained from http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-infrared.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Mouse Emulation” FingerWorks obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/gesture—guide—mouse.html generated Aug. 30, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Mouse Gestures in Opera” obtained from http://www.opera.com/products/desktop/mouse/index.dml generated Aug. 30, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Mouse Gestures,” Optim oz, May 21, 2004. |
| Anonymous. “MultiTouch Overview” FingerWorks obtained from http://www.fingerworks.com/multoverview.html generated Aug. 30, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Near Field Imaging Touchscreens” obtained from http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-nfi.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “PenTouch Capacitive Touchscreens” obtained from http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-pentouch.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Surface Acoustic Wave Touchscreens” obtained from http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-saw.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Symbol Commander” obtained from http://www.sensiva.com/symbolcommander/, generated Aug. 30, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Tips for Typing” FingerWorks http://www.fingerworks.com/mini—typing.html generated Aug. 30, 2005. |
| Anonymous. “Wacom Components—Technology” obtained from http://www.wacom-components.com/english/tech.asp generated on Oct. 10, 2004. |
| Anonymous. “Watershed Algorithm” http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/watershed.html generated Aug. 5, 2005. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “Gesture Recognition,” located at <http://www.fingerworks.com/gesture—recognition.html>, last visited Aug. 30, 2005. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “iGesture Products for Everyone (Learn in Minutes),” FingerWorks, downloaded Aug. 30, 2005. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “Touch Technologies: Touch is Everywhere,” located at http://www.3m.com/3MTouchSystems/downloads/PDFs/TouchTechOV.pdf., last visited Aug. 30, 2005. |
| Bier et al., “Toolglass and Magic Lenses: The see-through interface” in James Kijiya, editor, Computer Graphics (SIGGRph '93 Proceedings), vol. 27, pp. 73-80, Aug. 1993. |
| Chen et al. “Flowfield and Beyond: Applying Pressure-Sensitive Multi-Point Touchpad Interaction,” Multimedia and Expo, 2003, ICME '03, Proceedings, Jul. 9, 2003, pp. 1-49, 152. |
| Douglas et al., The Ergonomics of Computer Pointing Devices (1997). |
| European Search Report received in EP 1 621 989 (@ Beyer Weaver &Thomas, LLP) dated Mar. 27, 2006. |
| European Search Report mailed Dec. 13, 2007, for EP Application No. 05772892.5, filed Jul. 19, 2005, three pages. |
| European Search Report mailed Dec. 15, 2008, for EP Application No. 08016449.4, filed Jul. 19, 2005, six pages. |
| European Search Report mailed Dec. 15, 2008, for EP Application No. 08016450.2, filed Jul. 19, 2005, six pages. |
| EVB Elektronik “TSOP6238 IR Receiver Modules for Infrared Remote Control Systems” dated Jan. 2004 1-pg. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 21, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 11 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Oct. 16, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/038,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, 35 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 23, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, 12 pages. |
| Fisher et al., “Repetitive Motion Disorders: The Design of Optimal Rate- Rest Profiles,” Human Factors, 35(2):283-304 (Jun. 1993). |
| Fukumoto and Yoshinobu Tonomura, “Body Coupled Fingering: Wireless Wearable Keyboard,” CHI97, pp. 147-154 (Mar. 1997). |
| Fukumoto et al., “ActiveClick: Tactile Feedback for Touch Panels,” In CHI 2001 Summary, pp. 121-122, 2001. |
| Hardy, “Fingerworks” Mar. 7, 2002; BBC World on Line. |
| Hardy, I. (Mar. 7, 2002). “Fingerworks.” |
| Hillier and Gerald J. Lieberman, Introduction to Operations Research (1986). |
| International Search Report dated Mar. 3, 2006 (PCT/US 05/03325; 119-0052WO). |
| International Search Report received in corresponding PCT application No. PCT/US2006/008349 dated Oct. 6, 2006. |
| International Search Report mailed Oct. 8, 2008, for PCT Application No. PCT/US2008/051727, filed Jan. 22, 2008, six pages. |
| International Search Report mailed Aug. 11, 2008, for PCT Application No. PCT/US2007/002512 filed Jan. 30, 2007, three pages. |
| International Search Report mailed Apr. 24, 2007, for PCT Application No. PCT/US2005/025641 filed Jul. 19, 2005, five pages. |
| Jacob et al., “Integrality and Separability of Input Devices,” ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1:3-26 (Mar. 1994). |
| Japanese Office Action mailed Oct. 27, 2008, for JP Patent Application No. 2007-523644, one page. |
| Jones, R. (2001). “MTC Express Multi-Touch Controller,” Computer Music Journal 25(1):97-99. |
| Kinkley et al., “Touch-Sensing Input Devices,” in CHI '99 Proceedings, pp. 223-230, 1999. |
| Kionx “KXP84 Series Summary Data Sheet” copyright 2005,dated Oct. 21, 2005, 4-pgs. |
| Korean Office Action for KR Application No. 10-2007-7005010, nine pages. |
| Lee, S.K. et al., “A Multi-Touch Three Dimensional Touch-Sensitive Tablet,” in CHI '85 Proceedings, pp. 121-128, 2000 [(Apr. 1985). Conference Proceedings: Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 21-25.]. |
| Lee, “A Fast Multiple-Touch-Sensitive Input Device,” Master's Thesis, University of Toronto (1984). |
| Matsushita et al., “HoloWall: Designing a Finger, Hand, Body and Object Sensitive Wall,” In Proceedings of UIST '97, Oct. 1997. |
| Mohri, K. (Nov. 25, 2000). “Wearable Human Interface Based on Hand/Finger Gesture Recognition,” Human Interface Association Magazine 2(4):9-18. (Only Abstract in English.). |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 17, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, 34 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 28, 2007, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 31, 2007, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/038,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, 32 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 3, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 16 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 11, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 11 pages. |
| PCT International Search Report received in Corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US2006/031523 dated Feb. 27, 2007. |
| PCT International Search Report received in Corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US2005/025657 dated Feb. 26, 2007. |
| PCT International Search Report received in Corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US2006/031527 dated Feb. 27, 2007. |
| PCT International Search Report received in Corresponding PCT Application No. PCT/US2006/031526 dated Feb. 14, 2007. |
| Quantum Research Group “QT510 / Qwhee1™ Touch Slider IC” copyright 2004-2005, 14-pgs. |
| Quek, “Unencumbered Gestural Interaction,” IEEE Multimedia, 3:36-47 (Winter 1996). |
| Radwin, “Activation Force and Travel Effects on Overexertion in Repetitive Key Tapping,” Human Factors, 39(1):130-140 (Mar. 1997). |
| Rekimoto et al., “ToolStone: Effective Use of the Physical Manipulation Vocabularies of Input Devices,” In Proc. of UIST 2000, 2000. |
| Rekimoto, J. (2002). “SmartSkin: An Infrastructure for Freehand Manipulation on Interactive Surfaces,” CHI 2002, Apr. 20-25, 2002. [(Apr. 25, 2002). 4(1):113-120.]. |
| Rubine et al., “Programmable Finger-Tracking Instrument Controllers,” Computer Music Journal, vol. 14, No. 1 (Spring 1990). |
| Rutledge et al., “Force-To-Motion Functions for Pointing,” Human-Computer Interaction—Interact (1990). |
| Schiphorst, T. et al. “Using a Gestural Interface Toolkit for Tactile Input to a Dynamic Virtual Space,” Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings, Apr. 25, 2002, pp. 754-755. |
| Subatai Ahmad, “A Usable Real-Time 3D Hand Tracker,” Proceedings of the 28th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers —Part 2 (of2), vol. 2 (Oct. 1994). |
| Texas Instruments “TSC2003 / I2C Touch Screen Controller” Data Sheet SBAS 162, dated Oct. 2001, 20-pgs. |
| Wellner, “The Digital Desk Calculators: Tangible Manipulation on a Desk Top Display” In ACM UIST '91 Proceedings, pp. 27-34, Nov. 1991. |
| Williams, “Applications for a Switched-Capacitor Instrumentation Building Block” Linear Technology Application Note 3, Jul. 1985, pp. 1-16. |
| Yamada et al., “A Switched-Capacitor Interface for Capacitive Pressure Sensors” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 41, No. 1, Feb. 1992, pp. 81-86. |
| Yeh et al., “Switched Capacitor Interface Circuit for Capacitive Transducers” 1985 IEEE. |
| Zhai et al., “Dual Stream Input for Pointing and Scrolling,” Proceedings of CHI '97 Extended Abstracts (1997). |
| Zimmerman et al., “Applying Electric Field Sensing to Human-Computer Interfaces,” In CHI '85 Proceedings, pp. 280-287, 1995. |
| European Search Report mailed Jun. 8; 2012, for EP Application No. 12166818.0, filed Jan. 30, 2007, seven pages. |
| European Search Report mailed Jun. 14, 2012, for EP Application No. 12166820.6, filed Jan. 30, 2007, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jul. 27, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,659, filed May 9, 2008, five pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jul. 31, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 14 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 7, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,645, filed May 9, 2008, five pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 9, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,641, filed May 9, 2008, four pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 17, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,648, filed May 9, 2008, four pages. |
| Anonymous. (2004). “Devices,” Technology Loan Catalog, located at http://www.tsbvi.edu/outreach/techloan/catalog.html last visited Jun. 6, 2008, nine pages. |
| Anonymous. (2004). “Fastap™ Keypads Redefine Mobile Phones,” DIGITWireless, located at http://www/digitwireless.com, last visited Nov. 18, 2005, ten pages. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “Fastap™ ,” DIGITWireless, located at http://www.digitwireless.com/about/faq.html, last visited Dec. 6, 2005, five pages. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “Four-Button Keyboard,” WikiPodLinux located at http://ipodlinux.org/Four-Button—Keyboard, last visited Dec. 5, 2005, two pages. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “Introducing the Ultimate Smartphone Keypad,” Delta II™ Keypads, Chicago Logic, Inc., located at http://www.chicagologic.com, last visited Nov. 18, 2005, two pages. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “T9® Text Input for Keypad Devices,” Tegic Communications™ located at http://www.tegic.com, last visited Nov. 18, 2005, one page. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “Text Input (Legacy),” WikiPodLinux located at http://ipodlinux.org/Text—Input—%28legacy%29, last visited Dec. 5, 2005, eight pages. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “Text Input Concepts,” WikiPodLinux located at http://web.archive.org/web/20051211165254/http://ipodlinux.org/Text—Input—Concepts last visited Dec. 5, 2005, three pages. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “Text Input Methods,” WikiPodLinux located at http://ipodlinux.org/Text—Input—Methods, last visited Dec. 5, 2005, five pages. |
| Anonymous. (2005). “You Heard of Touch Screens Now Check Out Touch Keys,” Phoneyworld, located at http://www.phoneyworld.com/newspage.aspx?n=1413, last visited Nov. 18, 2005, two pages. |
| Anonymous. (2006). Centroid, located at http://faculty,evansville.edu/ck6/tcenter/class/centroid.html, last visited Apr. 28, 2006, 1 page. |
| Anonymous. (2006). Centroid, located at http://www.pballew.net/centroid.html, last visited Apr. 28, 2006, three pages. |
| Anonymous. (Apr. 6, 2005). “Microsoft's New-Smart Phone Interface: Your Thumb,” textually.org located at http://www.textually.org/textually/archives/2005/04/007819.html last visited Nov. 18, 2005, two pages. |
| Anonymous. (Jan. 21, 2004). “Compare Keyboards with the Keyboard Compatibility Chart, Learn More About Alternative Keyboards,” Solutions for Humans, located at http://www.keyalt.com/kkeybrdp.html, last visited Dec. 8, 2005, five pages. |
| Anonymous. (Jun. 22, 2005). “LG Develops New Touch Pad Cell Phones,” textually.org located at http://textually.org/textually/archives/2005/06/009903.html, last visited Nov. 18, 2005, one page. |
| Anonymous. (Nov. 3, 2005). “Samsung Releases Keyboard Phone in US,” textually.org located at http://www.textually.org/textually/archives/2005/11/010482.html last visited Nov. 18, 2005, one page. |
| Anonymous. (Sep. 2003). “P900 User Guide,” Second Edition, SONY Ericsson Mobile Communications AB: located at http://www.sonyericsson.com/downloads/P900—UG—R1b—EN.pdf, pp. 8, 16, 17, 20, 24-26, 42-45, 137 (97 pages total). |
| Casario, M. (Oct. 5, 2005). “Hands on Macromedia World: Touch Screen Keypad for Mobile Phone by DoCoMo,” located at http://casario.blogs.com/mmworl/2005/10/touch—screen—ke.html, last visited Nov. 18, 2005, 1 page. |
| Day, B. (Jan. 6, 2004). “Will Cell Phones Render iPods Obsolete?” Java.net, located at http://weblogs.javanet/pub/wig/883, last visited Dec. 12, 2005, three pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 12, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,700, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 13 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 8, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/459,615, filed Jul. 24, 2006, 11 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Nov. 18, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/961,663, filed Dec. 20, 2007, 14 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Feb. 17, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,801, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 14 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 1, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,793, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 14 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Apr. 13, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/468,401, filed May 19, 2009, 21 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Apr. 16, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,222, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 14 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Apr. 25, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,197, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 12 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Apr. 27, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,788, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 13 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 1, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/434,439, filed May 1, 2009, 14 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 8, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/139,411, filed Jun. 13, 2008, seven pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 9, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/980,722, filed Oct. 31, 2007, 14 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 24, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,757, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 19 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 29, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,978, filed Jul. 10, 2009, 10 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jun. 8, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,225, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 12 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jul. 6, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,815, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 15 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jul. 27, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/696,701, filed Apr. 4, 2007, 13 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Aug. 3, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,808, filed Jul. 30, 2007, seven pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Sep. 18, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/852,690, filed Sep. 10, 2007, 13 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Oct. 12, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,648, filed May 9, 2008, eight pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Oct. 25, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/832,134, filed Aug. 1, 2007, 27 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 12, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,984, filed Jul. 10, 2009, 10 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jan. 4, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,659, filed May 9, 2008, six pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jan. 29, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,774, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 19 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jan. 29, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,766, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 16 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Feb. 15, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,205, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 16 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 21, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,788, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 12 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Apr. 12, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,793, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 15 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Apr. 30, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,833, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 10 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 9, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/569,065, filed Aug. 7, 2012, nine pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed May 9, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/832,134, filed Aug. 1, 2007, 29 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jul. 9, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 10 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jul. 11, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/757,726, filed Feb. 1, 2013, nine pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Sep. 10, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/468,401, filed May 19, 2009, 20 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Sep. 12, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/139,411, filed Jun. 13, 2008, seven pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Oct. 11, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,222, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 16 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Feb. 21, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,197, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 14 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 21, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,522, filed Jul. 3, 2006, eight pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Sep. 19, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/139,411, filed Jun. 13, 2008, eight pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Dec. 3, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 14/089,240, filed Nov. 25, 2013, 12 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 24, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,205, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 16 pages. |
| Holt, J. (Jul. 2003, e-pub. Sep. 4, 2003). “Windows XP: A User Guide,” The Robert Gordon University, IT Services Department, retrieved from the internet on Aug. 26, 2013, 27 pages. |
| International Search Report mailed Apr. 11, 2008, for PCT Application No. PCT/US2007/060119, nine pages. |
| International Search Report mailed Sep. 15, 2008, for PCT Application No. PCT/US2007/088904, nine pages. |
| International Search Report mailed Dec. 4, 2013, for PCT Application No. PCT/US2013/059314 filed Sep. 11, 2013, five pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 17, 2008, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,700, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 18 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 22, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/459,615, filed Jul. 24, 2006, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 28, 2009, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/459,606, filed Jul. 24, 2006, 17 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 13, 2010, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/459,615, filed Jul. 24, 2006, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 2, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/852,690, filed Sep. 10, 2007, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 5, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,678, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 13 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 16, 2012, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,212, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 20 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 2, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/832,134, filed Oct. 31, 2007, 25 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 23, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,515, filed Jul. 3, 2006, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 7, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,766, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 14 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 13, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,984, filed Jul. 10, 2009, eight pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 22, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,774, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 17 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 25, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,781, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 19 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 25, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,573, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Aug. 21, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/434,439, filed May 1, 2009, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Aug. 30, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,801, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 4, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,788, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 13 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 6, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,793, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 14 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 13, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,205, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 16 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 25, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,515, filed Jul. 3, 2006, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 12, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,212, filed Apr. 10, 2009, five pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 26, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/468,401, filed May 19, 2009, 22 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Nov. 8, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,678, filed Jun. 5, 2009, five pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Nov. 16, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/569,065, filed Aug. 7, 2012, eight pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Nov. 29, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,833, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 10 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 18, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/878,024, filed Jul. 20, 2007, eight pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 19, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jan. 4, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/139,411, filed Jun. 13, 2008, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 14, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 14 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 21, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,197, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 18, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,222, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 19, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/468,401, filed May 19, 2009, 21 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Mar. 26, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/757,726, filed Feb. 1, 2013, eight pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 9, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/980,721, filed Oct. 31, 2007, 14 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed May 15, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/980,722, filed Oct. 31, 2007, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 21, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,774, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 18 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jul. 18, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,766, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Aug. 16, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,793, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 16 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 12, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,522, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 13, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,205, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 17 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 20, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/895,221, filed May 15, 2013, 15 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 11, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,197, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 12 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 13, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/139,411, filed Jun. 13, 2008, seven pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 10, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,205, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 21 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 12, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 14/089,240, filed Nov. 25, 2013, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 2, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 9 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 4, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,205, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 16 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jan. 30, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/610,672, filed Sep. 11, 2012, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Feb. 24, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/620,299, filed Sep. 14, 2012, six pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 3, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 14/476,545, filed Sep. 3, 2014, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Apr. 24, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Jun. 2, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,522, filed Jul. 3, 2006, six pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Mar. 26, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,973, filed Jul. 10, 2009, 12 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Apr. 13, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/342,027, filed Dec. 22, 2008, 10 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jun. 27, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,736, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 11 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jul. 26, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/428,503, filed Jul. 3, 2006, nine pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Aug. 22, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,763, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 10 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Sep. 6, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/556,019, filed Jul. 23, 2012, seven pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Dec. 6, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, twelve pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Dec. 24, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/556,019, filed Jul. 23, 2012, five pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jan. 15, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,617, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 10 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Feb. 8, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,801, filed Jul. 30, 2007, seven pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Feb. 15, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,799, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 13 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Feb. 19, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,212, filed Apr. 10, 2009, nine pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Feb. 21, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/342,027, filed Dec. 22, 2008, 10 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Feb. 22, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,978, filed Jul. 10, 2009, five pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Mar. 5, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/434,439, filed May 1, 2009, nine pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Mar. 6, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, seven pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Apr. 2, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/479,678, filed Jun. 5, 2009, 11 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed May 31, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/878,024, filed Jul. 20, 2007, nine pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jul. 8, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/500,984, filed Jul. 10, 2009, 6 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Aug. 21, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/757,726, filed Feb. 1, 2013, six pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Aug. 27, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/766,570, filed Feb. 13, 2013, nine pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Sep. 17, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,757, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 10 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Oct. 8, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,774, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 11 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Oct. 17, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/559,833, filed Nov. 14, 2006, 12 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Nov. 1, 2013, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/895,221, filed May 15, 2013, 12 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jan. 2, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,766, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 10 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jan. 6, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,788, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 13 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jan. 6, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/830,793, filed Jul. 30, 2007, 12 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jan. 10, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/569,065, filed Aug. 7, 2012, eight pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Mar. 14, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,222, filed Apr. 10, 2009, nine pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Jun. 9, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 14/163,929, filed Jan. 24, 2014, seven pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Aug. 4, 2014, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,197, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 10 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Mar. 27, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 14/089,240, filed Nov. 25, 2013, eight pages. |
| O'Neal, W. (2005). “Smart Phones with Hidden Keyboards,” located at http://msn.com.com/4250-6452—16-6229969-1.html, last visited Nov. 18, 2005, three pages. |
| Sears, A. et al. (Jun. 1990). “A New Era for Touchscreen Applications: High Precision, Dragging Icons, and Refined Feedback,” University of Maryland, Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, retrieved from the internet on Aug. 26, 2013, 39 pages. (25091.45). |
| Sears, A. et al. (2005). “Data Entry for Mobile Devices using Soft Keyboards: Understanding the Effects of Keyboard Size and User Tasks,” Abstract, Int'l Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 16, No. 2, one page. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jul. 6, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/696,693, filed Apr. 4, 2007, 24 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 1, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/048,264, filed Jan. 31, 2005, 13 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed on Mar. 22, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 10/903,964, filed Jul. 30, 2004, 17 pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Mar. 26, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,639, filed May 9, 2008, seven pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Mar. 9, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, five pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Sep. 17, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/422,205, filed Apr. 10, 2009, 16 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Sep. 14, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 13/610,672, filed Sep. 11, 2012, nine pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Oct. 8, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/139,411, filed Jun. 13, 2008, seven pages. |
| Final Office Action mailed Jun. 7, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/228,758, filed Sep. 16, 2005, 16 pages. |
| Anonymous. (Apr. 1, 1994). “Jog Shuttle Graphical,” IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, 37(4A):47-48. |
| Anonymous. (2011). “(graphical or virtual) (jog dial) or (jog wheel) or (scroll wheel),” Ask Search located at http://www.ask.com/web?q=%28graphical+or+virtual%29++%28jog+job+dial+%29+or+%28jo . . . , last visited Feb. 27, 2011, two pages. |
| Anonymous. (2011). “What Is a Jog Wheel?” Ask Search located at http://www.ask.com/web?q=what+is+a+jog+wheel&search=&qsrc=0&o=0&1=dirlast visited on Feb. 27, 2011, two pages. |
| Anonymous. (2012). “Emulating Mouse Scroll Wheel?” Ask Search located at http://www.ask.com/web?q=emulate+scroll+wheel&qsrc=1&o=0&1=dir&qid=A23E49EA, last visited Mar. 23, 2012, one page. |
| Anonymous. (2012). “Virtual Scroll Wheel,” Ask Search located at http://www.ask.com/web?q=virtual+scroll+wheel&qsrc=0&o=0&1=dir&oo=0, last visited Mar. 23, 2012, two pages. |
| Notice of Allowance mailed Apr. 2, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/038,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, 11 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 22, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 11/696,693, filed Apr. 4, 2007, 29 pages. |
| Chinese Search Report mailed Sep. 21, 2015, for Chinese Patent Application No. 2013101786229, filed Jul. 19, 2005, two pages. |
| Westerman, W. (1999). “Hand Tracking, Finger Identification, and Chordic Manipulation on a Multi-Touch Surface,” Excerpts, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, 22 pages. |
| Rekimoto, J. et al. (Nov. 2, 2003). “PreSense: Interaction Techniques for Finger Sensing Input Devices,” Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology, UIST '03, New York, NY, pp. 203-212. |
| Non-Final Office Action mailed Dec. 2, 2015, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/118,639, filed May 9, 2008, six pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080036743 A1 | Feb 2008 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10903964 | Jul 2004 | US |
| Child | 11700636 | US | |
| Parent | 11015434 | Dec 2004 | US |
| Child | 10903964 | US |
