Illustrative embodiments of the invention relate to equipment for supporting and orienting objects such as tools.
In many industrial and business environments, workers are often required to repetitively lift, position and orient tools, sometimes of significant weight, and deploy them anywhere within the reach of their arms, from low to overhead to extend out in front. The resulting stresses, particularly from overhead usages, or near-full extension of the arm, are a common cause of work-related shoulder and forearm injuries.
Ergonomic equipment supports are known in the art, including ‘tool balancers’ that suspend tools on wires from retractable reels. Tool balancers require unobstructed access to overhead, usually fixed, attachment points, which tend to restrict the users lateral freedom of movement. Also, since the tools usually dangle in a bottom heavy condition from crude attaching eyelets, maintaining a desired angular orientation is impeded. Even those few balancer installations that connect to annular bearings around the tool body are still restrictive of other axes of freedom. Furthermore, they can only be installed on tools of a cylindrical construction that permit the unobstructed passage of the inner bearing race along the tool body to the desired point of attachment. Importantly, such balancers cannot be used at all for work locations that are inaccessible to overhead support, such as underneath cars on assembly lines.
Articulated support arms that do not require overhead mounting exist for supporting cameras and medical devices such as x-ray machines. Some may include two or three-axis gimbal attachments to provide angular freedom between the arm and the supported equipment, but these gimbal designs are not appropriate for the majority of tool configurations and/or conditions of use. Additionally, the center-of-gravity of a given tool is often located within a non-cylindrical section of the tool body, which may be inaccessible to the sliding installation of a bearing of appropriate size. Conventional gimbals also cannot be conveniently and quickly removed to facilitate the use of the tool in a separate location, or the rapid replacement of the tool with another. The use of conventional three-axis gimbals would mandate a proliferation of expensive supporting and orienting means, each adapted to a different tool, to be located within the same workplace or production line station.
Accordingly, there is a need for versatile, ergonomic, and angularly agile tool support systems, which can accommodate tools of various sizes, shapes, configurations and internal distributions of mass. There is also a need for a support system allowing the quick replacement and substitution of tools within the local workplace, without cluttering the tools with redundant and expensive affixed hardware.
What is needed is a quickly removable gimbal attachment, adaptable to be mounted around the tool's center-of-mass, and that provides substantially unrestricted angular freedom for orienting and positioning a variety of tools, but is preferably not bulky or expensive.
What is also needed is an angularly agile tool mount that can accommodate a tool around its center of mass, even if obstructions, bends, bulges or projections prevent the sliding installation of a conventional, unitary bearing assembly.
Illustrative embodiments of the invention are directed to a supporting and orienting apparatus that is angularly agile and can balance the weight of tools, and that preferably permits quick tool or tool component replacement or substitution. Particular embodiments of the invention can be installed around tool-body locations that preclude the use of traditional tool mounts providing rotational freedom.
Embodiments of the invention provide a support and orienting system for tools or other objects. “Tools” is used herein in a broad sense and includes various types of equipment, instruments and devices.
Illustrative embodiments of the support and orienting system include a device into which a tool is secured. The securing device is an inner portion of a gimbal or similar device. The securing device with the tool held therein, is inserted into an outer gimbal portion or analogous structure allowing the tool, along with the securing device, to rotate therein. The rotation can be accomplished in a number of ways, but generally requires complementary rotational components disposed on the device to which the tool is secured and the component into which the tool securing device is inserted.
Additional axes of rotation can be provided by pivotally securing the gimbal assembly to a yoke. The yoke can then be pivotally secured to an articulated support arm. The articulated support arm allows the tool to be positioned over an area of reach of the support arm. This freedom of movement, together with the various axes of rotation, allows the tool to be positioned in locations and orientations analogous to those attainable without the support system when a user is stationed in that area. Preferably the support arm has an upwardly biasing force to act against the force of gravity. Thus, the advantage of the support system is that it reduces the effective weight being lifted or moved by the user, while still allowing the freedom of movement necessary to operate or utilize the tool.
The tool securing device can be designed to be readily removable from the complementary outer component to allow easy replacement of tools or components thereof. This can be accomplished for example, by providing an outer component that is segmented into arcuate pieces and hinging at least two adjacent segments together. Thus, the receptacle can be opened to lift the tool together with its securing device out of the outer component.
The invention also includes methods of utilizing tools and relieving workplace stresses by providing a support and orienting system.
For further detail regarding illustrative embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the detailed description provided below, in conjunction with the following illustrations:
a depicts a ‘squeezer’ rivet tool mounted in a gimbal assembly attached to an articulated support arm shown at nearly its highest position according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
b shows a gimbal with a bucking bar mounted within an inner gimbal portion, which is rotatable within a wheeled outer gimbal portion that is pivotally attached to a gimbal yoke that is itself pivotable around an additional axis according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
a depicts a four-section inner gimbal portion assembly including a grooved central track to accept roller wheels of an outer gimbal portion according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
b shows a separated two-section, outer gimbal portion including roller wheels, yoke pivots and gimbal yoke according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
a shows an assembled two-section inner gimbal portion with circumferential track and mounted at the center of balance of a bucking bar by means of a plurality of set screws according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
b shows a sectional inner gimbal portion mounted to the irregular surfaces of a rivet squeezer, also by means of a plurality of set-screws according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
a depicts a hinged gated outer gimbal portion shown in the open position, with its sectional inner gimbal portion assembly removed according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
b shows a hinge offset beyond the centerline yoke pivot location according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
a depicts a V-shaped roller wheel mounted within an outer gimbal portion and engaging and capturing an inner gimbal portion groove according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
b shows a gated embodiment of a gimbal assembly including inner gimbal portion, outer gimbal portion with hinge and clamp, interconnecting wheels and doubly pivoting gimbal yoke according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
a and 8b depict a gimbal employing segmented inner and outer gimbal portions and captured ball bearings inserted between them according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
Illustrative embodiments of the invention offer a support and orienting apparatus that can provide numerous degrees of freedom. Preferably, one or more of the system's elements are modular, sectional, removable and/or capable of disassembly in order to provide mounting flexibility and/or interchangeability, as well uncluttered access to the tool.
a depicts a tool support system according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention. A ‘squeezer’ rivet tool 2 is shown mounted in a gimbal assembly 1 attached to an articulated support arm 8, shown at nearly its highest position. For many applications it is preferable that the gimbal assembly is removable from the articulated support arm 8 and/or that various parts within the assembly are detachable from one another, particularly in a readily removable manner. Rivet tool 2 is captured at nearly its longitudinal center of balance within gimbal assembly 1. Balancing component 11 provides a balance adjustment so the tool can be balanced around a line between outer gimbal portion pivot locations 6 on yoke 4. The balancing component can be adjustable, such as by including substitutable weights or an adjustment to the weight's location, to effectively adjust the center of mass of the tool. Inner gimbal portion 9, as more clearly seen in
Advantageously, the angular freedom created by the movement of the inner gimbal portion within the outer gimbal portion allows the user to orient the tool by rotation of the user's wrist and/or arm, closely mimicking unsupported tool use. This added degree of freedom greatly enhances the benefits of the support system. The swiveling action of yoke mounting socket 22 around arm mounting post 23 provides an additional degree of freedom. Therefore, as can be seen in
b shows a tool support according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention. A gimbal assembly 1 is mounted by means of yoke socket 22 to arm mounting post 23, which is attached to articulated support arm 8 (partially visible). A ‘bucking bar’ 3 is mounted within inner gimbal portion 9 by means of a plurality of mounting set screws 10, which engage bucking bar 3 at approximately its longitudinal center of balance. Inner gimbal portion 9 is preferably arcuately segmented to facilitate insertion of a tool. For certain applications it may not be necessary to segment inner gimbal portion 9.
Inner gimbal portion 9 is rotatable within wheeled outer gimbal portion 7. The wheels provide freedom of movement of inner gimbal portion 9 within outer gimbal portion 7. This effect can also be achieved with the wheels positioned on inner gimbal portion 9 and engaged with a race in outer gimbal portion 7. Other mechanisms to provide freedom of movement can be used, such as ball bearings or low friction materials. An example of use of a low friction material includes a circumferential channel on the inner surface of outer gimbal portion 7, with a complementary ridge on the outer surface of inner gimbal portion 9, or vice versa, wherein the channel and/or ridge are fabricated of a low friction material such as Teflon®.
b shows outer gimbal portion 7 pivotally attached via outer gimbal portion pivot 6 to gimbal yoke 4, which is itself pivotable around an additional axis by means of yoke pivot 5. This combination enables a worker to position and precisely orient the bucking bar (which provides reactive mass to counter the impact of rivet-pounding tools).
Turning now to
a shows an inner gimbal portion assembly 9 according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention, adapted to be either clamped, by radial clamping screws 12 and/or a plurality of mounting set screws 10, so that even an irregularly-shaped tool can be securely attached to the assembly. Track groove or race 19 captures roller wheels 16 associated with outer gimbal portion 7, to allow inner gimbal portion 9 to rotate freely within outer gimbal portion 7 while being held in place. Pinch grooves 13 can be provided to prevent resilient material disposed on a tool from bulging between inner gimbal portion segments and interrupting the rolling integrity of inner gimbal portion 9 within outer gimbal portion 7. The track rollers or wheels should have slightly smaller sectional diameters than the corresponding track grooves in which they are to ride.
b depicts a gimbal assembly 1 according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention, showing major outer gimbal portion segment 14 and minor outer gimbal portion gate 15 in an opened position. Clamp screws 18 (only one shown) attach outer gimbal portion segments 14, 15 to one another at clamp screw locations 18a.
Note that one or more over-centers clamps 25 (see
A plurality of roller wheels 16, turn on axles 17 and engage a track groove 19 of an inner gimbal portion to permit rotation of the inner gimbal portion. Yoke 4 is attached to outer gimbal portion 7 at pivot locations 6 by for example screws, as can be seen in
a is an illustrative embodiment of a tool positioned in an inner gimbal portion assembly.
b shows an illustrative embodiment of a portion of a sectional inner gimbal portion 9 mounted to the irregular surfaces of a rivet squeezer 2, by means of a plurality of set-screws 10. Circumferentially spaced rollers 16, turning on axles 17 mounted within notches in outer gimbal portion 7 engage a track in inner gimbal portion 9 to permit free rotation of rivet tool 2 within outer gimbal portion 7. Outer gimbal portion 7 consists of major segment 14 and minor segment 15 hinged together at gate hinge axle 20 to permit removal of rivet squeezer 2 together with the attached inner gimbal portion 9. Yoke 4 is pivotally engaged with outer gimbal portion 7 at yoke pivot locations 6.
a shows an illustrative embodiment of a gated outer gimbal portion 7 in an opened position, with its inner gimbal portion 9 removed. Gate section 15 can be unclamped from major section 14 and/or released by a screw fastening at screw location 18a to swing aside, as shown, around gate hinge axle 20, to permit removal of inner gimbal portion 9 and any associated tool. Roller wheels 16, turning on axles 17 engage track groove 19. When gate section 15 is in an open position, inner gimbal portion 9 can be removed from the apparatus as shown. Strategic bevels to the inner edges of segment 14 can be incorporated to facilitate removal of inner gimbal portion 9.
b depicts hinge axle 20 according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention. Outer gimbal portion minor segment 15 is shown in a position extended beyond the centerline that extends between the yoke pivot locations 6. Thus, outer gimbal portion segment 14 can pivot within yoke 4 even if minor outer gimbal portion segment 15 is swung aside. Gate hinge threaded eyebolt 21 permits gimbal portion segment 15 to be rotated in full-turn increments to adjust the diametric clearance between outer 7 and inner gimbal portion 9, and alter the tightness of engagement of wheels 16 with inner gimbal portion groove 19.
a depicts an illustrative embodiment of a roller wheel 16 mounted within outer gimbal portion 7 on axle 17 and engaging and capturing inner gimbal portion track groove 19. Inner gimbal portion 9 is shown attached to rivet tool 3 by means of a plurality of set screws 10.
b shows an illustrative embodiment of a gimbal assembly 1. Inner gimbal portion 9 is disposed within outer gimbal portion 7. Outer gimbal portion 7 has hinge 20 to allow opening and closing of the gimbal portion. Wheels 16 are shown in this embodiment projecting from the exterior of outer gimbal portion 7 however, they may be situated flush with, or within the outer diameter of outer gimbal portion 7. The latter arrangements can provide protection of the wheels. Yoke 4 is shown pivotally connected to outer gimbal portion 7 at outer gimbal portion pivot locations 6 and to mounting socket 22 at yoke pivot 5.
Inner and outer gimbal portions 7 and 9 pivot around pivot axles 6 and pivot axis 5, which in this illustrative embodiment of the invention are about perpendicular to one another. Thus, gimbal assembly 1 provides three axes of angular freedom for a tool mounted within inner gimbal portion 9, not including any additional pivot points present, such as at the attachment point of gimbal assembly 1 to a support arm. Gimbal assembly 1 can be pivotally connected to a support arm (such as is shown in
a and 8b are cross-sections of an illustrative embodiment of a gimbal employing ball bearings to facilitate rotation of segmented inner and outer gimbal portions 9 and 7 with respect to one another. Inner and outer gimbal portions 9 and 7 may or may not be segmented in alternative embodiments of the invention. Outer gimbal portion 7 has a groove 39 disposed therein to accommodate ball bearings 36. Inner gimbal portion 9 has a groove 40 disposed therein, to accommodate ball bearings 36. The diameters of grooves 39 and 40 are slightly larger than the diameter of ball bearings 36, so ball bearings 36 can freely rotate therein with a minimum of amount wobbling. Ball bearing profiles 34 shown as dotted circles, indicate the position of ball bearings captured between gimbal portions 9 and 7 prior to final tightening. To install the assembly, inner gimbal portion 9 is positioned at the appropriate location on a tool body and secured using a clamping mechanism such as inner gimbal portion clamp screws 37 and/or set screws (such as shown in
A number of embodiments of the invention will now be generally described. In illustrative embodiments of the invention, the support and orienting apparatus will comprise a tool holder (such as inner gimbal portion 9) to secure the tool within the apparatus. To provide freedom of movement of the tool analogous to arm and wrist rotation for example, the secured tool will rotate within an outer component (such as outer gimbal portion 7). The inner and outer gimbal portions each have a rotation component complementary to one another that allows or facilitates the inner gimbal portion rotating within the outer gimbal portion. An example of complementary rotation components are inner gimbal portion race 19 (“first rotation component”) and outer gimbal portion wheels 16 (“second rotation component”). The receptacles are preferably designed to facilitate removal or replacement of tools or tool components. Various configurations can be used to accomplish this, such as the arcuate segmenting shown in the figures (for example major and minor segments 14 and 15, respectively). The number of segments and the means for attaching them to one another can vary, provided they withstand the anticipated application of the device. Quick release, or hand-removable attachment mechanisms lend themselves well to the goal of easy tool replacement. As shown in
The inner gimbal portion will have a tool grasping mechanism such as set screws or clamps. Any mechanism that adequately secures the tool in the inner gimbal portion is within the scope and spirit of the invention.
The inner and outer gimbal portion combination can pivot on a yoke such as part 4 in the figures. The shape of the yoke can vary from the U-shape shown in the diagrams, for example for particular types of tools or applications. The primary function of the yoke structure is to support the gimbal portions and provide a frame for an additional axis of rotation. In the illustrative figures, the inner gimbal portion has an axis of rotation with respect to the outer gimbal portion that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the outer gimbal portion with respect to the yoke.
The yoke is preferably pivotally connected to a yoke support (such as part 44 in
The yoke support can be pivotally attached to a support arm, such as articulated arm 8.
Turning back to
Various spring powered ‘equipoising’ parallelogram arms, such as those employed to support and position objects such as lamps, x-ray machines and dental equipment, can be employed in embodiments of the invention. These arms rely to a greater or lesser extent on friction to retain a selected angle or position, but do not necessarily provide consistent lift throughout the entire angular excursion of the parallelogram links. Arms having consistent lift can be particularly useful for many applications of embodiments of the invention. Arms that also may be appropriate include those described in applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 4,017,168 (Re. 32,213), the diagrams of which are incorporated herein by reference. Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,196, diagrams of which are also incorporated herein by reference, provides examples of iso-elastic arms that will be particularly suitable for use in illustrative embodiments of the invention. “Iso-elastic” as used herein describes the consistent lifting performance of these arms in which the fixed weight of the object being lifted is supported throughout the vertical range of articulation with nearly constant buoyancy.
Arms described in applicant's application no. PCT/US2006/014036 or U.S. application Ser. No. 11/403,731, Equipoising Support Apparatus, incorporated herein by reference, are also suitable for use with illustrative embodiments of the invention. The applications describe a variety of single-spring geometries employing cams or cranks to dynamically improve lifting consistency and range of parallelogram articulation. The adjustment mechanisms described in the application can be employed in embodiments of the present invention, and can be user-adjusted.
It is noted that other tensioning mechanisms can be used in place of the springs referred to herein.
Hinges, such as those described in patent application PCT/US2008/056511, incorporated herein by reference, also are suitable for use with illustrative embodiments of the invention. Application PCT/US2008/056511 describes a ‘biased hinge’ that may further improve arm performance by helping to maintain the selected lateral position of the arm segments (which is termed ‘centering’).
Equipoising arms, such as those described in the patents/applications mentioned above can provide the desired iso-elasticity and lateral and vertical range. Features, such as knob-adjusted payload adjustment to float the range of human arm weights from the lightest to the heaviest, and analogous ‘shoulder, upper arm, elbow and forearm’ segments can be advantageous to illustrative embodiments of the invention.
A parking device can be incorporated, which may be either electrically or mechanically activated, to permit a tool to be parked in a convenient stable position when not in use. Such devices can include for example, mechanical docking components or magnetic or electromagnetic devices. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, a hook and mating eye permits immobilizing the entire support arm at a convenient position and height by, for example, swinging over to that position and permitting the hook to rise into the receiving eye. The operator can then open the gimbal gate and remove the tool in order to exchange it with another tool or perform other work with the tool that may preclude or does not require gimbaled support.
Combinations and permutations of any of the features described herein or their equivalents are within the scope of the invention.
Embodiments of the invention also include a method of using a support and orienting apparatus. The method comprises: (1) securing a tool in an inner gimbal portion; (2) securing the inner gimbal portion to an outer gimbal portion, such that the inner gimbal portion rotates within the outer gimbal portion; and (3) attaching the inner and outer gimbal portion combination either directly or indirectly to an articulating arm. The method can further include using the tool to accomplish a task.
A further illustrative embodiment of the invention includes a plurality of tools, each secured in an inner gimbal portion, configured to be inserted into an outer gimbal portion that is a part of a pivoting and articulating support system. The invention further includes a system comprising the plurality of tools, each in an inner gimbal portion, an outer gimbal portion, the outer gimbal portion secured to a frame that can be pivotally attached to an articulated arm. The system can further include the arm.
Though the invention is described with reference to the particular embodiments of the invention herein set forth, it is understood that the present disclosure is made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the specific illustrative embodiments, but be interpreted within the full spirit and scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
This application is based on, and claims priority to, U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/972,979, filed Sep. 17, 2007, and entitled Removable Gimbal for Tool Support.
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