Patent Application
20110012799
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a glass antenna for a vehicle in which an antenna conductor and a feed part connected to the antenna conductor are provided on a window glass. In addition, the invention relates to a window glass for a vehicle which includes the glass antenna.
2. Description of the Related Art
Frequency bands where specific radio waves such as radio waves for frequency-modulation or FM broadcasting are available vary destination by destination of vehicles to be shipped. Therefore, as is described in JP-A-9-172315, JP-A-62-38001 and JP-A-62-38002, there have been demands for glass antennas for a vehicle which can be used commonly in both Japan and other countries (for example, the United States of America).
A glass antenna described in JP-A-9-172315 is designed to attain a broad band by attaching a matching circuit and the like in addition to antenna elements.
In contrast to this, glass antennas described in JP-A-62-38001 and JP-A-62-38002 realize a broad band by antenna elements only.
With the glass antenna described in JP-A-9-172315, however, attaching the various components in addition to the antenna elements is not desired due to an increase in production costs and necessity of securing more installation space for the added components.
With the glass antennas described in JP-A-62-36001 and JP-A-62-38002, the glass antenna has to be enlarged in size to realize the broad band by the antenna elements only. In the event of a glass antenna being installed on a backlite, an increase in installation area of the glass antenna means a decrease in installation area of a backlite defogging system, leading to a problem that the defogging area is narrowed. Further, a further increase in gain has been demanded as the size of glass antennas tends to be decreased.
An object of the invention is to provide a small and high-gain glass antenna for a vehicle in which no matching circuit is required, and which can commonly be used in Japan and other countries and a window glass equipped with the glass antenna.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a A glass antenna provided with a window glass for a vehicle, including: a feed part; and an antenna conductor including a first element, a second element, a third element, a fourth element, a fifth element and a connection element, wherein: the feed part is positioned to either a left-hand side or a right-hand side of the first element; the first element extends in an upward or downward direction in a case that the window glass is attached to the vehicle and includes a first terminating portion which constitutes a termination of extension of the first element in a first direction which is either of the upward and downward directions and a second terminating portion which constitutes a termination of extension of the first element in a second direction which is an opposite direction to the first direction; the second element extends from the first terminating portion in a third direction which is at right angles to the upward or downward direction and which is directed towards a side where the feed part is situated relative to the first element; the third element extends from the first terminating portion in a fourth direction which is an opposite direction to the third direction; the fourth element extends from the second element in the second direction; the fifth element extends from the third element in the second direction; the connection element extends to go around an element end in the second direction of the fourth element on a side in the second direction so as to connect the feed part with the second terminating portion; and at least either of the fourth element and the fifth element includes a folded portion which extends to fold in the second direction.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a window glass for a vehicle, including the glass antenna.
According to the invention, the glass antenna in which no matching circuit is required which can commonly be used in Japan and other countries while decreasing the size and increasing the antenna gain.
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawing which is given by way of illustration only, and thus is not limitative of the present invention and wherein:
Hereinafter, a mode for carrying out the invention will be described by reference to the drawings. Note that in the drawings which illustrate the mode, in referring to directions, directions on the drawings will be referred to as long as nothing is stated otherwise. In addition, the drawings show glass antennas or the like fitted to a window glass attached to a vehicle in such a state that the window glass is viewed from the interior of the vehicle. However, those drawings may be referred to as drawings showing the window glass as viewed from the outside of the vehicle. For example, in the event of the window glass being a backlite which is attached to the rear of the vehicle, a left-right or horizontal direction on the drawings corresponds to a vehicle width direction. In addition, the invention is not limited to the backlite and hence may be applied to a windshield which is attached to a front part of the vehicle or a side window glass which is attached to a side part of the vehicle.
In addition, glass antennas according to the invention may be disposed or arranged vertically opposite to what is shown on the drawings to illustrate them. Namely, the glass antennas may be fitted on the window glass in a vertically opposite orientation to those shown on the drawings when a plane of the window glass is looked squarely.
With the plane of the window glass 12 looked squarely, the antenna element 1 extends in a vertical direction when the window glass 12 is attached to the vehicle. The antenna element includes a first terminating portion J and a second terminating portion K. The first terminating portion J constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element 1 in a first direction which denotes either of upward and downward directions, and in the case of the embodiment shown in
With the plane of the window glass 12 looked squarely, the antenna element 2 extends in a third direction which is a direction which is at right angles to the vertical direction when the window glass 12 is attached to the vehicle and which is directed towards a side where the feed part 16 is situated relative to the antenna element 1 (that is, a leftward direction on the drawing). The antenna element 2 extends from the terminating portion J as its origin to a terminating portion F which constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element 2 in the leftward direction.
With the plane of the window glass 12 looked squarely, the antenna element 3 extends in a fourth direction which is an opposite direction to the third direction (that is, a rightward direction on the drawing). The antenna element 3 extends from the terminating portion J as its origin to a terminating portion L which constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element 3 in the rightward direction.
The antenna element 4 extends from a point D on the antenna element 2 as its origin to a terminating portion B which constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element 4 in the upward direction. The antenna element 4 may extend in the upward direction from the terminating portion F as its origin. The antenna element 4 shown in
The antenna element 4 includes a partial element 9a which extends in the upward direction from the point D as its origin, as well as a partial element 4b which extends in the leftward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 4a as its origin, a partial element 4c which extends in the upward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 4b as its origin and a partial element 4d which extends in the rightward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 4c as its origin to the terminating portion E. The partial element 4b, the partial element 4c and the partial element 4d constitute a first folded portion.
The antenna element 5 extends from a point E on the antenna element 3 as its origin to a terminating portion C which constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element 5 in the upward direction. The antenna element 5 may extend in the upward direction from the terminating portion L as its origin. The antenna element 5 includes a second folded portion where the antenna element 5 extends to fold in the upward direction.
The antenna element 5 includes a partial element 5a which extends in the upward direction from the point E as its origin, as well as a partial element 5b which extends in the rightward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 5a as its origin, a partial element 5c which extends in the upward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 5b as its origin and a partial element 5d which extends in the leftward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 5c as its origin to the terminating portion C. The partial element 5b, the partial element 5c and the partial element 5d constitutes a second folded portion.
In the case of
The “opening portion” is such as to be provided between a distal end portion of one of the partial elements lying adjacent vertically of the plurality of partial elements which constitute the folded portion and a distal end portion of the other partial element. In the case of
In addition, in a case that a combination of a leftward outgoing fold and rightward incoming fold is considered as one time of fold, the folded portion may include one or more times of fold depending upon an antenna gain required. In addition, the folded portion may be provided only on either of the partial element 4 and the partial element 5 depending upon an antenna gain required.
The connection element 6 extends to go around an end of the upper partial element of the antenna element 4 (in the case of
Here, the “terminating portion” may be a terminating point of extension of the antenna elements or a point in proximity to the terminating point which constitutes a conductor portion lying just before the terminating point.
The feed part 16 and the antenna conductor are formed by printing a paste such as a silver paste which contains a conductive metal on an inner surface side of a windowpane and baking the paste so printed. However, the invention is not limited to this forming method. Hence, linear elements or foil elements made of a conductive substance such as copper may be formed on an inner surface side or an outer surface side of a window glass may be affixed to the window glass with an adhesive or the like or may be embedded in an interior of the window glass itself.
The glass antenna 100 is a monople antenna. A reception signal of radio wave received by the antenna conductor is transmitted to a signal processing circuit mounted in a vehicle via a conductive member which is electrically connected to the feed part 16 which corresponds to a feeding point. A feeding cable such as an AV wire or a coaxial cable is used as the conductive member. In the event of a coaxial cable being used, an inner conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the feed part 16 and an outer conductor of the coaxial cable is grounded to a vehicle body.
In addition, a configuration may be adopted in which a terminal is mounted on the feed part 16 for electrically connecting the feed part 16 with the conductive member such as a conductor wire which is connected to the signal processing circuit. The feeding cable can easily be attached to the feed part 16 by use of the terminal. Further, a configuration may also be adopted in which a projecting conductive member is provided on the feed part 16, so that the projecting conductive member is brought into contact with or fitted on a flange of the vehicle body to which the window glass 12 is attached.
The configuration of the feed part 16 may be determined in accordance with the configuration of a mounting surface of the conductive member or a connector. For example, a quadrangular shape such as a square, substantially square, rectangular or substantially rectangular shape or a polygonal shape is preferred in consideration of ease of mounting. In addition, a circular, substantially circular, oval or substantially oval shape may also be adopted.
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
In the case of
In addition, an extension element 7 is an element which constitutes part of the antenna conductor and extends from the feed part 16 as its origin. The extension element 7 extends from a lower end point H as its origin to a terminating portion G. The extension element 7 includes a parallel extending portion which extends parallel to the antenna element 2 while keeping a gap which enables the antenna element 2 and the extension element 7 to be joined together in terms of capacity. By doing so, the characteristics (including impedance) can be controlled, so as to increase the antenna gain.
In the case of
Being different from the case shown in
An antenna element 2 includes a partial element 2a which extends in a leftward direction from a terminating portion J as its origin and a partial element 2b which extends in an upward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 2a in the leftward direction as its origin to a terminating portion F.
An extension element 7 includes a parallel extending portion which extends parallel to the partial element 2b of the antenna element 2 on a left-hand side of the antenna element 2. Namely, the parallel extending portion runs vertically parallel to the partial element 2b of the antenna element 2 which lies adjacent thereto in the left-right direction. A conductor length sxl of the parallel extending portion is a length of a portion where the partial element 2b and the extension element 7 overlap when the partial element 2b is projected leftwards on the extension element 7.
Being different from the case shown in
In the case of
In addition, a partial element 4b and a partial element 4d may not be connected to a partial element 4c at respective terminating portions but may be connected thereto at portions lying in proximity to the respective terminating portions. In addition, an auxiliary antenna element 8 is connected to the antenna element 5 as part of an antenna conductor. The antenna element 8 includes a partial element 8a which extends in an upward direction from a partial element 5f as its origin and a partial element 8b which extends in a rightward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 8a as its origin. The antenna gain can be tuned by the antenna element so added.
A feed part 16 is positioned to either of sides of an antenna element 1 in the left-right direction. In the case of an embodiment shown in
In the case of
With the plane of the window glass 12 looked squarely, the antenna element 1 extends in the vertical direction when the window glass 12 is attached to the vehicle. The antenna element 1 includes a first terminating portion J and a second terminating portion K. The first terminating portion J constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element 1 in a first direction which denotes either of upward and downward directions, and in the case of the embodiment shown in
With the plane of the window glass 12 looked squarely, an antenna element 2 extends in a third direction which is a direction which is at right angles to the vertical direction when the window glass 12 is attached to the vehicle and which is directed towards a side where the feed part 16 is situated relative to the antenna element 1 (that is a rightward direction on the drawing). The antenna element 2 extends from the terminating portion J as its origin to a terminating portion F which constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element 2 in the rightward direction.
With the plane of the window glass 12 looked squarely, an antenna element 3 extends in a fourth direction which is an opposite direction to the third direction (that is, a leftward direction on the drawing). The antenna element 3 extends from the terminating portion J as its origin to a terminating portion L which constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element 3 in the leftward direction.
An antenna element 4 extends from a point D on the antenna element 2 as its origin to a terminating portion B which constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element 4 in the downward direction. In the case of
The antenna element 4 includes a partial element 4a which extends in the downward direction from the point D as its origin, as well as a partial element 4b which extends in the leftward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 4a as its origin, a partial element 9c which extends in the downward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 4b as its origin, a partial element 4d which extends in the rightward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 4c as its origin, a partial element 4e which extends in the downward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 4d as its origin and a partial element 4f which extends in the leftward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 4e as its origin to the terminating portion B. The partial element 4b, the partial element 4c, the partial element 4d, the partial element 4e and the partial element 4f constitute a first folded portion.
An antenna element 5 extends from a point E on the antenna element 3 as its origin to a terminating portion C which constitutes a termination of extension of the antenna element in the downward direction. In the case of
The antenna element 5 includes a partial element 5a which extends in the downward direction from the point E as its origin, as well as a partial element 5b which extends in the rightward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 5a as its origin, a partial element 5c which extends in the downward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 5b as its origin, a partial element 5d which extends in the leftward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 5c as its origin, a partial element 5e which extends in the downward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 5d as its origin, and a partial element 5f which extends in the rightward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 5e as its origin to the terminating portion C. The partial element 5b, the partial element 5c, the partial element 5d, the partial element 5e and the partial element 5f constitutes a second folded portion.
In the case of
A connection element 6 extends to go around an end of the lower partial element of the antenna element 4 (in the case of
An extension element 7 extends in the leftward direction from a left-hand side end point H of the feed part 16 as its origin to a terminating portion G. The extension element 7 includes a parallel extending portion which extends parallel to the antenna element 2 above the antenna element 2. Further, the parallel extending portion may be allowed to extend as far as the antenna element 3 as is shown in
In the case of
An auxiliary element 8 is connected to the antenna element 5 as part of an antenna conductor. The antenna element 8 includes a partial antenna element 8a which extends in the downward direction from the partial antenna element 5f of the antenna element 5 as its origin and a partial element 8b which extends in the rightward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 8a as its origin. The antenna gain can be tuned by the antenna elements so added.
The auxiliary antenna element 9 is connected to the antenna element 3 as part of the antenna conductor. The antenna element 9 includes a partial element 9a which extends in the upward direction from the antenna element 3 as its origin and a partial element 9b which extends in the rightward direction from a terminating portion of extension of the partial element 9a as its origin. The antenna gain can be tuned by the antenna elements so added.
An auxiliary antenna element 10 is connected to the terminating portion as part of the antenna conductor. The antenna element 10 extends in the leftward direction from the terminating portion K as its origin so that a gap is formed between the element B and itself.
In
“x**” denotes a shortest distance from a point where the “x**” is indicated by an arrow in
The defogger 30 is a pattern which is energized to be heated, and the pattern has a plurality of parallel heater wires (in
Incidentally, in the glass antennas according to the invention which are illustrated in
Length between A and B: 0.65λg or larger and 1.20λg or smaller;
Length between A and C: 0.65λg or larger and 1.20λg or smaller;
Length between A and F: 0.5λg or larger and 0.9λg or smaller;
Length between B and D: 0.20λg or larger and 0.60λg or smaller; and
Length between C and E: 0.20λg or larger and 0.60λg or smaller.
The length between A and B is a longest conductor path length of conductor path which connect an upper end point A of the feed part 16 and the terminating point B of extension of the element 4 in a shortest way. The length between A and C is a longest conductor path length of conductor path which connect the upper end point A of the feed part 16 and the terminating point C of extension of the element 5 in a shortest way. The length between A and F is a longest conductor path length of conductor path which connect the upper end point A of the feed part 16 and the terminating point F of extension of the element 2 in a shortest way. The length between B and D is a longest conductor path length of conductor path which connect the end point B and the end point D in a shortest way. The length between C and E is a longest conductor path length of conductor path which connect the end point C and the end point E in a shortest way.
Here, the center frequency of the FM broadcast (76 to 90 MHz) in Japan is 98 MHz. λg of the central frequency 83 MHz is 2.313 m. On the other hand, the center frequency of the FM broadcast (88 to 108 MHz) in the United States of America is 98 MHz.
Consequently, for example, when an antenna gain for an FM broadcast band (76 to 108 MHz) which combines the Japanese FM band with the US FM band is attempted to be increased, since λg of its central frequency 92 MHz is 2.086 m, the length between A and B, the length between A and C, the length between B and D and the length between C and E may be controlled as below:
Length between A and B: 1355 mm or lager and 2500 mm or smaller;
Length between A and C: 1355 mm or larger and 2500 mm or smaller;
Length between A and F: 1043 mm or larger and 1877 mm or smaller;
Length between B and D: 417 mm or larger and 1251 mm or smaller; and
Length between C and E: 417 mm or larger and 1251 mm or
Further, when the antenna gain for the FM broadcast band (76 to 108 MHz) which combines the Japanese FM band with the CS FM band is attempted to be increased, it is good that a length between H and G is controlled as below:
Length between H and G; 40 mm or larger and 140 mm or smaller.
The length between H and G is a longest conductor path length of conductor path which connect the end point H and the end point G in a shortest way. A value resulting when 80 mm is subtracted from the length between H and G corresponds to the overlapping distance xsl.
In the glass antennas according to the invention, by increasing the area on the window glass occupied by antenna elements by adding the plurality antenna elements as antenna conductors, the antenna gain for radio waves in the AM band can also be increased.
In addition, in the invention, in the event that the glass antenna is disposed in a top left-hand side area of the window glass 12 in any of the forms shown in
In addition, a glass antenna may be adopted in which a conductor layer including antenna conductors is provided in an interior or on a surface of a synthetic resin film and the synthetic resin film with the conductor layer is formed on an interior surface or exterior surface of a windowpane. Further, a glass antenna may be adopted in which a flexible circuit board on which antenna conductors are formed is formed on an interior surface or exterior surface of a windowpane.
An angle at which the window glass is attached to the vehicle is preferably in the range of 15 to 90° and is more preferably in the range of 30 to 90°.
In addition, a concealing layer is be formed on a surface of the window glass, and part or the whole of the antenna conductors may be provided on the concealing layer. As a material for the concealing layer, ceramics including a black ceramic layer can be raised. In this case, when the glass antenna is looked at from an outer side of the window glass, the antenna conductors provided on the concealing layer are made invisible from the outside of the vehicle, resulting in a window glass which is superior in design. In the illustrated configurations, by at least part of the feed part and the antenna conductors being formed on the concealing layer, only thin straight portions of the antenna conductors are allowed to be seen from the outside of the vehicle, which is preferable from the viewpoint of design.
As to a high-frequency glass antenna for a vehicle, which is fabricated by attaching any of the on-glass antennas shown in
A conductor width of each element in the examples is 0.8 mm. In addition, the feed part 16 is 27 mm long in the vertical direction and 13 mm wide in the horizontal direction.
Antenna gains were measured on the glass antennas in such a state that an window glass for a vehicle on which the glass antenna was formed was assembled into a window frame of a vehicle on a turntable while being inclined at 14° relative to a horizontal plane. In the glass antennas, a connector is attached to the feed part and is connected to an amplifier. The amplifier is an amplifier having a gain of 8 dB. In addition, the amplifier is connected with a tuner by a feeder line (1.5 C-2V 9.5 m). The turntable is turned so that the window glass is exposed to radio waves (polarized waves whose frequency is in the range of 76 to 108 MHz and whose polarization plane is inclined at 45° from the horizontal plan) which strike horizontally the widow glass in every direction.
Antenna gains are measured by aligning a vehicle center of the motor vehicle into which the window glass on which the glass antenna is formed is assembled with a center of the turntable and rotating the motor vehicle through 360°. Data on antenna gains is measured every 1 MHz in the radiation frequency band of 76 to 108 MHz every time the turntable is turned through 1°. Measurements were carried out with an elevation angle between a transmission position of radio waves and the antenna conductors was substantially horizontal (in a direction in which the elevation angle=0° in the event of a plane parallel to the ground plane being referred to as elevation angle=0° and an apex direction being referred to as an elevation angle=90°.
In the following frequency characteristic charts of antenna gains, an antenna gain along an axis of ordinates indicates an average value of antenna gains which were measured every 1° by rotating the motor vehicle through 360° (an average value of antenna gains obtained every 1 MHz in the whole frequency band of 76 to 108 MHz).
Length between A and F of REF 1: 1185 mm
Length between F and F′ of REF 1: 515 mm
Length between A and F of REF 2: 1385 mm
Length between F and F′ of REF 2: 615 mm
Length between A and F of REF 3: 1585 mm
Length between F and F′ of REF 3: 715 mm
According to
Dimensions of respective portions of the glass antenna 100 (
Length between A and B: 1640 mm
Length between A and C: 1630 mm
Length between A and F: 1185 mm
Length between B and D: 900 mm
Length between C and E: 930 mm
Length between A and L: 1205 mm
Dimensions of respective portions of the glass antenna 200 (
Length between A and B: 2040 mm
Length between A and C: 2080 mm
Length between A and F: 1185 mm
Length between B and D: 900 mm
Length between C and E: 930 mm
Dimensions of respective portions of the glass antenna REF 1 (
Length between A and F: 1185 mm
Length between F and F′: 515 mm
According to
In addition, according to
Dimensions of the respective portions of the glass antenna REF 4 (
Length between A and B: 1650 mm
Length between A and C: 1750 mm
Length between B and D: 590 mm
Length between C and E: 580 mm
Dimensions of the respective portions of the glass antenna 100A (
Length between A and B: 1650 mm
Length between A and C: 1650 mm
Length between B and D: 930 mm
Length between C and E: 900 mm
Dimensions of the respective portions of the glass antenna 100B (
Length between A and B: 1670 mm
Length between A and C: 1650 mm
Length between B and D: 930 mm
Length between C and E: 900 mm
According to
Dimensions of the respective portions of the glass antenna 100C (
Length between A and B: 1640 mm
Length between A and C: 1680 mm
Length between B and D: 900 mm
Length between C and E: 930 mm
Dimensions of the respective portions of the glass antenna 400A (
Length between A and B: 2040 mm
Length between A and C: 1680 mm
Length between B and D: 900 mm
Length between C and E: 930 mm
Dimensions of the respective portions of the glass antenna 200A (
Length between A and B: 2040 mm
Length between A and C: 2080 mm
Length between B and D: 900 mm
Length between C and E: 930 mm
According to
Dimensions of respective portions of the glass antenna 200 (
Length between A and B: 1640 mm
Length between A and C: 1680 mm
Length between A and F: 1185 mm
Length between B and D: 900 mm
Length between C and E: 930 mm
Dimensions of respective portions of the glass antenna 500 (
Length between A and B: 1650 mm
Length between A and C: 2150 mm
Length between A and F: 1185 mm
Length between B and D: 880 mm
Length between C and E: 1180 mm
Length between A and L: 1205 mm
Length between H and G: 145 mm
Dimensions of respective portions of the glass antenna 600 (
Length between A and B: 1650 mm
Length between A and C: 2150 mm
Length between A and F: 1225 mm
Length between B and D: 680 mm
Length between C and E: 1180 mm
Length between A and L: 1205 mm
Length between H and G: 50 mm
Dimensions of respective portions of the glass antenna 700 (
Length between A and B: 1560 mm
Length between A and C: 1980 mm
Length between A and F: 1185 mm
Length between B and D: 630 mm
Length between C and E: 1060 mm
Length between A and L: 1205 mm
Length between H and G: 185 mm
Dimensions of respective portions of the glass antenna 800 (
Length between A and B: 1540 mm
Length between A and C: 2440 mm
Length between A and F: 830 mm
Length between B and D: 710 mm
Length between C and E: 1260 mm
Length between H and G: 363 mm
According to
In addition, according to
Additionally, according to
In addition, according to
Thus, according to the configuration of the invention, since the matching circuit is made unnecessary, the overall configuration to realize the glass antenna can be made small.
Consequently, with the antenna form such as the glass antennas 100 to 800, the glass antenna which can be used not only in Japan but also in other countries can be made smaller in size, and the antenna gain thereof can also be increased at the same time.
The invention is preferably used for the Japanese FM broadcast band (76 to 90 MHz), the US FM broadcast band (88 to 108 MHz), the television VHF band (90 to 108 MHz, 170 to 222 MHz), a vehicle keyless entry system (300 to 450 MHz), an 800 MHz band for automotive telephones (810 to 960 MHz), a 1.5 MHz band (1.429 to 1.501 MHz) for automotive telephones, a UHF band (300 MHz to 3 GHz), GPS (Global Positioning System), GPS signals of artificial satellites (1575.42 MHz) and VICS (trade name) (Vehicle Information and Communication System: 2.5 GHz).
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-165939 | Jul 2009 | JP | national |
