Patent Application
20180242729
The present invention relates to a worktop, or work table or counter or piece of furniture, formed of at least one large-sized plate positioned or intended to be positioned horizontally on one or more supporting elements (casing of a piece of furniture, supporting leg(s)) in order to provide a stable surface intended for different uses. In particular, the present invention relates to a table or a piece of furniture exhibiting a surface or platform (generally horizontal in the position of use) capable of making possible, simultaneously or successively, different activities and/or support for objects (this surface or platform thus forming what is known as a worktop).
The materials normally used to produce worktops are, for example, wood, quartz, Corian® and the like. For the cooking of food, there furthermore exist large-sized cooking surfaces in kitchens, in particular for professional use, these plates generally being metal and/or composite plates. In particular, there exist multilayer panels, based on ceramic layers or materials, such as stoneware, on metal layers or materials of aluminum type or on insulating plastic layers or materials of Bakelite type, these panels generally exhibiting a high thickness (of the order of 12 mm, for example) and being complex to produce.
At the same time, cooking tops made of materials of strengthened glass or glass-ceramic type, of more limited dimensions (in particular with a surface area generally of less than 0.4 m2, it being possible for plates with a greater surface area to be more difficult to obtain by the processes normally used and to present problems in terms of flatness, handling, and the like), exist, in particular for domestic uses, the use of glass-ceramic material having become widespread in recent years for cooking plates, due in particular to the performance qualities of this material for this use and the attractive appearance of the plates produced.
There currently exist different types of glass-ceramic plates, each variant being the result of major studies and of numerous tests, given that it is very problematic to modify these plates and/or the process by which they are produced without the risk of having an unfavorable effect on the properties desired: in order to be able to be used as cooking plate, a glass-ceramic plate generally has to exhibit a transmission in the wavelengths of the visible region which is both sufficiently low to conceal at least a portion of the underlying heating elements when turned off and sufficiently high for, depending on the situation (radiant heating, induction heating and the like), the user to be able to visually detect the heating elements in the operating state for the purpose of safety; it should also exhibit a high transmission in the wavelengths of the infrared region in the case in particular of plates having radiant heating elements. The plates thus designed are intended exclusively for use as cooking plates and are conventionally neither intended to receive objects other than the heat-resistant utensils used for the cooking of food nor intended for the practice of activities other than the cooking of food.
The present invention has sought to widen the range of the existing household equipment products, having domestic or professional use, by developing interactive products of a novel type making possible more varied uses.
This aim has been achieved by the novel item of equipment or article or installation according to the invention, which is advantageously interactive, this item of furniture/household equipment (or piece of furniture) comprising:
The product developed according to the invention meets the desired aim, the present invention thus providing a novel interactive item of equipment (making possible in particular the activation of functions, such as the illumination and the display of zones or data) which can be used in any habitable room, it being possible for the worktop to form part of an uninterrupted or interrupted piece of furniture, of a table, of a counter, and the like, this worktop being mounted or capable of being mounted horizontally on (in particular on the top of) one or more supporting elements (casing of a piece of furniture, supporting leg(s)) in order to provide a stable surface intended for different uses, the worktop or the item of equipment according to the invention exhibiting a continuous upper surface capable of making possible, simultaneously or successively, activities (such as work, games, reading, and the like), the support for objects (such as pieces of paper, computers, vases, dishes, and the like) and the placing of containers which can be hot, without, however, damaging the surface of the worktop or risking burns by the in situ activation of heating elements. The fact of not exhibiting incorporated heating elements constitutes an additional safety element which renders the use of the item of equipment safer and makes it possible to prolong the lifetime of the other components of the item of equipment which may be sensitive to heat, in particular which may be sensitive to the prolonged exposure to heat which may occur during the repeated use of the heating elements. In contrast to the conventional use which is made of materials of glass-ceramic type, traditionally used to act as cooking plates or as products intended to withstand high temperatures (such as fireguards), the present item of equipment thus integrates this material, having a high temperature normal purpose, in a counteruse/contrary use where it is not combined with heating elements or exposed to various stovetop burners, while exhibiting, despite everything, various advantages rendering it particularly appropriate for this new application or this new item of equipment. Surprisingly, the use of a glass-ceramic surface as simple surface for social interaction without heating elements is particularly advantageous (in particular in terms of maintenance, of durability, whatever the conditions of use, and the like).
More generally, the invention also relates to a worktop formed of at least one substrate made of transparent monolithic glass material with a surface area of greater than 0.7 m2, provided with a coating so that the substrate provided with the coating exhibits a haze of greater than 15%, a light transmission TL of less than 80% and an opacity indicator of greater than 50, this worktop being intended to equip a multiuse interactive piece of furniture or item of equipment (intended for multiple uses, such as are listed in the preceding paragraph), in particular as defined above according to the invention (without heating element(s)).
The invention also relates to the use of a substrate, in particular of a plate, made of transparent monolithic glass material with a surface area of greater than 0.7 m2, provided with a coating so that the substrate provided with the coating exhibits a haze of greater than 15%, a light transmission TL of less than 80% and an opacity indicator of greater than 50, as multiuse interactive worktop as mentioned in the paragraphs above.
As indicated above, the worktop is formed of a large-sized substrate or plate made of monolithic glass material (the glass material having been formed of a single block/as a single part, even though the substrate can, if appropriate, exhibit recesses, generally produced in the part after it has been formed, for esthetic or functional purposes), the advantage of such a large-sized monolithic plate being in particular that of providing a predominantly continuous/uniform/join-free surface which is attractive and easy to maintain, and also greater comfort of use and greater safety (in terms of impermeability, in the event of spilling liquids, and the like), and the like. The substrate essentially, indeed even solely, comprises the glass material, it being possible for this substrate/glass material, if appropriate, to be provided with thin decorative or functional coatings (in particular of the order of a few tens of nanometers to a few hundred microns, indeed even more, in thickness), for example made of enamel, paint, thin layers and the like, as specified subsequently.
Contrary to the practice in the field of glass-ceramics in particular, this (substrate made of) glass material is large-sized, its surface area (corresponding to the product of its length by its width for its face having the largest dimensions—generally its upper face, which is intended to be visible and to act as support for (household or working) articles) having dimensions of greater than 0.7 m2, preferably of greater than 0.9 m2, in particular of greater than 1 m2 and especially of greater than or equal to 2 m2. In point of fact, the manufacture of large plates, in the case of glass-ceramics in particular, presents numerous problems as regards flatness and handling. In the present invention, a large-sized plate, even so exhibiting a good flatness, can nevertheless advantageously be obtained by reducing the rate of passage (or lengthening the ceramization furnace or increasing the residence time in the furnace), with respect to the speed (or to the standard length of the furnace or to the standard time) normally used to obtain glass-ceramic plates of normal dimensions of less than 0.4 m2, as explained subsequently in the process according to the invention.
In the present invention, the substrate made of glass material thus advantageously forms the major part (at least 50%), indeed even all, of the worktop or of its surface or face intended to be used for various purposes (generally upper face in the position of use). In particular, the substrate made of glass material advantageously occupies, in the present invention, at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, especially at least 90%, of the surface (generally measured on the upper face, intended to be visible and to be used as support for articles) of the worktop, and it generally occupies the entire surface of the worktop, the surface of the worktop being understood as the uninterrupted surface occupied by the worktop (surface which it occupies with the exclusion of that/those occupied by possible recesses (such as a recess in the top for incorporating a sink)) on the face under consideration (generally its upper face, intended to be visible and to act as support for articles), indeed even being understood in particular as the overall surface corresponding to the product of the length of the worktop by its width). Depending on the type of piece of furniture (in particular in the case of a piece of furniture where the worktop occupies the whole of one of its faces, generally the upper face, for example a table, a central island or a simple worktop), the substrate made of glass material can thus also occupy at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, especially at least 90%, of the surface of a face, in particular of the upper face (in the position of use), of the piece of furniture, indeed even occupy all of said surface.
Advantageously, the substrate made of glass material forms at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, especially at least 90%, indeed even the whole, of the worktop or, in other words, the worktop (generally on the upper face or forming the upper face of the piece of furniture) is mainly (to at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, especially at least 90%), in particular entirely (or solely), formed of (or constituted by the, or consists of the) substrate made of glass material (this glass material preferably being glass-ceramic).
The substrate/glass material according to the invention is advantageously flat (or predominantly or virtually flat) and in particular exhibits a flatness (height between the highest point and the lowest point of the substrate, with respect to the mean plane of the substrate, excluding any possible deliberate deformations produced on the substrate for esthetic or functional purposes) of less than 0.1% of the diagonal of the substrate and preferably of less than 3 mm, in particular of less than 2 mm, especially of less than 1 mm, indeed even of the order of zero, depending on the size/surface area/diagonal of the substrate, the flatness being measured using a SurFlat reference waviness meter sold by Visuol. The substrate is generally of geometric shape, in particular rectangular, indeed even square, indeed even circular or oval, and the like, and generally exhibits an “upper” face (face which is visible) in the position of use, another “lower” face (generally hidden, in the framework or casing of the piece of furniture incorporating the worktop) in the position of use, and an edge face (or edge or thickness). The upper face is generally flat and smooth but may also exhibit at least one protruding zone and/or at least one recessed zone and/or at least one opening and/or beveled edges (these shapes having been added during the manufacture of the substrate, for example by rolling, gravity bending or pressing, and the like, or having been added in off-line operations), and the like, these variations in shape advantageously constituting continuous variations in the plate (without change in materials or joins). The lower face can in particular be smooth or provided with tear drops increasing its mechanical strength and obtained, for example, by rolling.
The thickness of the monolithic substrate made of glass material used is generally at least 2 mm, in particular at least 2.5 mm, especially is of the order of 3 to 30 mm, and advantageously is less than 15 mm, especially is of the order of 3 to 15 mm and in particular of 3 to 10 mm.
The glass material of the substrate used is advantageously resistant to high temperatures and/or exhibits an expansion coefficient of zero or virtually zero (for example of less than 15.10−7 K−1) and in particular is advantageously glass-ceramic or a strengthened (in particular chemically or thermally tempered) glass. Preferably, the substrate is a substrate made of glass-ceramic. As defined according to the invention, the glass material is advantageously transparent, in particular exhibits a light transmission TL of greater than 60%, in particular of greater than 80%, as defined according to the invention.
The glass-ceramic used can in particular have a composition as described in the patent applications published under the following numbers: WO2013171288, US2010167903, WO2008065166, EP 2 086 895, JP2010510951, EP 2 086 896, WO2008065167, US2010099546, JP2010510952, EP 0 437 228, this glass-ceramic being in particular a lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic.
The glass-ceramic may be refined with arsenic (that is to say, have (a mother glass with) a composition comprising of the order of 0.2% to 1.5% by weight of arsenic oxide (expressed as As2O3)) or may not be refined with arsenic (in particular exhibiting a content of arsenic oxides of less than 0.2%, in particular of less than 0.1%, indeed even zero) or refined with tin or refined with sulfide(s), and may be obtained by rolling or by the float glass process.
The glass material can also be a nonceramized tempered glass, for example a tempered lithium aluminosilicate colored in its bulk, such as described in the patent applications published under the following numbers: FR 1 060 677 and WO2012080672, or else a tempered glass of another type (soda-lime, borosilicate, and the like), for example as described in the application published under the number WO2012146860.
The glass-ceramic or the tempered glass are obtained by the respective processes described in the abovementioned documents using the treatment temperatures and cycles which make it possible to obtain the glass material exhibiting the selected characteristics given in the definition of the invention. In the case of the glass-ceramics, these processes are preferably modified by reducing the rate of passage by at least 25%, preferably by at least 50%, or by increasing the length of the ceramization furnace or the residence time in said furnace by at least 25%, preferably by at least 50%, with respect to the rates, lengths and times, respectively, normally used, in order to obtain a large-sized flat substrate as required according to the invention, as explained subsequently. The substrate made of transparent glass-ceramic generally comprises crystals of β-quartz structure within a residual vitreous phase, the absolute value of its expansion coefficient advantageously being less than or equal to 15.10−7/° C., indeed even 5.10−7/° C., this glass-ceramic being, for example, that of the plates sold under the KeraLite name by Eurokera.
If appropriate, the glass material can also comprise colorants giving specific colorings to the substrate, for example vanadium oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, cerium oxide, selenium oxide, chromium oxide, indeed even nickel oxide, copper oxide and/or manganese oxide, and the like.
As indicated in the definition of the invention, the substrate/glass material is provided with a coating in order for the assembly to exhibit the characteristics defined in the invention, this coating being used in particular as masking means intended to mask at least a portion of the underlying elements and, if appropriate, making it possible to confer an opacity/low transmission and/or a haze which are favorable to the display by light transmission through the substrate or to the display by light projection at the surface of the screen-forming substrate, as explained subsequently.
The coating is advantageously provided in the form of at least one coat of paint or of thin layers on at least a portion or the majority or the whole of the lower face of the glass material, in particular a coat of paint with a thickness of the order of 5 to 500 μm, in particular with a thickness of 5 to 50 μm. The paint used generally exhibits a thermal resistance of greater than 350° C. (generally of between 350° C. and 500° C.), and is, for example, based on silicone resin(s), in particular on silicone alkyd resin(s) (that is to say, one or more silicone resins modified by the incorporation of alkyd resin(s)), indeed even can be based on other resins, such as epoxy or polyurethane resins, for uses at low temperatures of less than 200° C., it being possible for this paint to comprise, if appropriate, pigments, preferably pigments for enamels (in proportions not exceeding 50% by weight), according to the colouring desired. Alternatively, this coating can also be provided in the form of at least one layer of enamel on the upper face of the glass material. The substrate thus coated can, for example, be of the type of the plates sold under the KeraResin name by Eurokera.
As defined according to the invention, the coated substrate forming the worktop is selected so as to exhibit a haze of greater than 15%, in particular of greater than 20%, a light transmission TL of less than 80%, in particular of less than 60% (this light transmission being in particular nonzero/greater than 0) and an opacity indicator of greater than 50, preferably of greater than 85 (and in particular of less than or equal to 100). The substrate exhibits these characteristics over the majority (in particular over at least 80%, indeed even over 100%) of its surface, except for possible localized additional decorations (for example made of enamel) or localized components applied to its surface.
The haze measures the level of light scattering and is defined, in the context of the invention, as being the ratio of the diffuse transmission to the total transmission at a wavelength equal to 550 nm, this haze being evaluated, for example, using the spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere used for the light transmission measurements.
The light transmission TL is measured according to the standard ISO 9050:2003 using the illuminant D65 and is the total transmission (integrated in the visible region), taking into account both direct transmission and possible diffuse transmission, the measurement being carried out, for example, using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere, the measurement at a given thickness subsequently being converted, if appropriate, to the reference thickness of 4 mm according to the standard ISO 9050:2003.
The opacity indicator (or factor or coefficient) Ω is determined in the present invention by the formula Ω=100−ΔE* and is evaluated by measuring (colorimetry in reflection carried out using a Byk-Gardner Color Guide 45/0 colorimeter) the variation in color ΔE*, corresponding to the difference between the color, measured in reflection on the upper face of the substrate, for the substrate placed on an opaque black background and the color for the substrate placed on an opaque white background (ΔE*=((LB*-LW*)2+(aB*-aW*)2+(bB*-bW*)2)1/2), according to the formula drawn up by the CIE in 1976, LW*, aW* and bW* being the color coordinates of the first measurement on the white background and LB*, aB* and bB* being those of the second measurement on the black background in the colorimetric system established by the CIE in 1976).
The coated substrate according to the invention makes possible, if appropriate, a display by projection, as explained in detail subsequently, in particular, in combination with light sources placed above, makes it possible to display luminous zones or decorations, and/or makes possible, if appropriate, a display by light transmission by sources placed below, this substrate masking, in one and the same step, the optional elements placed below.
Various zones and/or elements and/or functions and/or decorations can be signaled by at least one light source such as is mentioned in the definition of the invention, this source, once activated, making it possible to display a luminous pattern (in particular of disk, circle, cross, triangle, and the like, type) of fixed or variable color and/or dimensions. Other nonluminous patterns can also be present permanently (of any type, including nongeometric decoration, and the like), in particular obtained by deposition of layer(s) (especially such as used for the decoration of glass-ceramics), for example made of enamel or optionally paint, at the surface of the plate (in particular on the upper face, or optionally lower face according to the type of coating).
In a preferred embodiment, and in particular when the coated substrate is opaque or has a very low light transmission (in particular of less than 5%), one or more zones and/or elements and/or functions and/or decorations are signaled by, and/or demonstrated using or by means of, at least one light source as mentioned in the definition of the invention, on activation of said source, said source occurring above (in the position of use) or on the side of the visible face of the substrate (or else on the side where the display is desired or has to be seen) and making possible a light display by (direct) projection onto this screen-forming surface/face. The substrate defined according to the invention is particularly well suited to a display of such type.
In another embodiment, for a coated substrate exhibiting a light transmission TL of at least 5%, one or more zones and/or elements and/or functions and/or decorations can (additionally or alternatively) be signaled by, and/or demonstrated using or by means of, at least one light source as mentioned in the definition of the invention, on activation of said source, said source being placed under the substrate (in the position of use) and being hidden by the latter when turned off, said source making possible a light display by transmission through the worktop.
One or more light sources can, in particular, make possible the display of control means or zones (in the form of keys, logos, indeed even keyboards, and the like), which are, for example, capable of being activated by contact on the surface of the top (using, for example, sensors located under the surface) or remotely (in particular by wireless communication), indeed even by simple movement of the hand (by sensors or detectors located, if appropriate, on the exterior and recording the movement, for example by triangulation, in order to convert it, in particular using a suitable algorithm and a suitable interface, into the activation of a function, for example), or, if appropriate, by placing a predetermined object at a predetermined location of the plate. The light source(s) can also make possible the display of decorations or of various data (display, for example, of computer pages, of cooking recipes, and the like) downloaded, for example, by wireless communication using an appropriate interface and projected or transmitted from the light sources to the surface of the plate.
If appropriate, the article according to the invention can comprise several light sources, for the illumination of several zones or for the display of complex texts or decorations or in order to render the illumination uniform, it being possible for these sources to be positioned along different axes and angles of illumination in order to obtain the desired effect, without undesirable reflections or shades. In particular in the illumination by projection onto the screen-forming top, several sources are, for example, positioned so that the angle between each source (or between each element, for example mirror, sending the light toward the worktop) and the normal to the worktop is between 5° and 60° and preferably between 30° and 45°, in order to minimize the effects of shadows cast by a person using the worktop.
The light source(s) can advantageously be formed by light-emitting diodes, for reasons in particular of bulk, of effectiveness, of durability and of resistance to the surrounding conditions, and/or can be other types of sources, for example halogen or incandescent lamps, lasers or liquid crystal screens, it being possible, if appropriate, for the sources to be used in combination with lenses or mirrors, and the like.
The diodes are advantageously of semiconductor chip type, made of inorganic materials (LEDs), emitting in particular in one direction, and can be encapsulated, that is to say comprise a semiconductor component and a package (for example made of resin of epoxy or nylon type) encapsulating the semiconductor component. These diodes can also be semiconductor chips without collimating lenses, for example of the order of about a hundred μm or a mm in size, optionally with a minimal (for example protective) encapsulation.
The diodes can, if appropriate, be carried by a support or bar or seat, it being possible for this seat to exhibit a (flat or inclined) surface which has been treated and/or rendered reflective for a better luminous efficiency, for example coated with a lacquer or paint and/or mirror layer, and/or coupled to a white or metal reflector in order to obtain better direction of the radiation emitted.
If appropriate, it is also possible to use organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), consisting in particular of a superimposition of organic semiconductor layers between electrodes and producing different colors to within one pixel according to the path taken by the electricity through the organic layers.
The assembling of each source or of the sources (with the substrate or with a support, for example with a portion of the item of equipment and/or an external part (associated with said item of equipment), such as a rail or a device suspended above the worktop) can be carried out by soldering, clip fastening, adhesive bonding, and the like, if appropriate via another element; for example, it is possible to mount diodes, soldered to a support itself housed at the bottom of a metal profiled element, by clip fastening or adhesive bonding of the profiled element. The positioning of the source(s) (with respect to the plate in particular) is adjusted in order to make possible a display on the substrate (by projection (in particular from above) over the plate acting as screen, or through the glass-ceramic when the substrate is not completely opaque).
The sources, and their power supplies and actuating means, may or may not be split up so as to make possible simultaneous or individual illumination of the desired zones of illumination, according to requirements. Each source can be monochromatic (pure color) or polychromatic (mixed color).
“Monochromatic light source” is understood to mean a light source exhibiting a single emission peak in the visible wavelength range and such that the width of the peak varies from 1 to 100 nm and preferably from 5 to 50 nm.
“Polychromatic light source” is understood to mean a light source which exhibits at least two emission peaks at different wavelengths in the visible wavelength range. The color perceived (by the retina) then results from a mixing between the different wavelengths. It may be a question of an LED and/or of an LED display device, with an emission spectrum exhibiting a main emission peak and another emission peak, for example a fluorescence emission peak, which is wider than the main peak and generally of lower intensity. The polychromatic LED emits in particular according to a first emission (of high or of low intensity) comprised between 400 and 500 nm and according to a second emission (of high or of low intensity) in the visible region beyond 500 nm (case, for example, of LEDs formed of at least one electroluminescent crystal and of photoluminescent phosphor(s)). Use may in particular be made, as sources, of white LEDs, of LEDs having polychromatic emissions formed, for example, of three monochromatic sources with independently regulated intensities of “RGB” type (with three sources: red, green and blue), and the like.
One or more sources may also be integrated into or coupled with or combined with one or more display-type structures (for example comprising “7-segment” light-emitting diodes or liquid-crystal diodes), touch-sensitive electronic control panel or screen with digital display (if appropriate by wireless communication using an interface), or integrated into another device, such as a suction hood, as indicated above, and the like.
Apart from the source(s), the article according to the invention can also comprise at least one waveguide intended to propagate the light from one part of the article to the other (in particular by total internal reflection or by metallic reflection), if appropriate when the sources are placed under the worktop, each light source then being linked to the guide in question and interacting therewith by emitting its light radiation within it in order for the guide to transmit it, the light source(s) emitting/being coupled, for example, by the edge face or edge of the guide. This guide is advantageously clear or transparent and can be added (assembled after having been designed separately), for example under the lower face of the plate. It can be organic and/or plastic (for example made of polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate PMMA) or inorganic (for example, it can be made of glass). The article according to the invention can comprise several guides each dedicated to one or more zones of illumination, or a unitary guide provided, if appropriate, with openings. The guide can be assembled directly on the substrate or on another part of the item of equipment or of a support, for example can be rendered integral with the casing on which the worktop rests. The guide makes it possible, inter alia, to obtain better conduction of the light as far as the desired zones of illumination.
In the case in particular where one or more sources, if appropriate associated with at least one waveguide, are placed under the worktop, the item of equipment can also comprise, in the zone of illumination, at least one means for extracting the radiation emitted by the source(s), for example one or more scattering elements or treatments, in particular a layer added to the surface, and/or any differential treatment or texturing of the surface (local or over the entire surface) of the waveguide or of the extraction surface, such as laser etching, printing of enamel, chemical (acid, and the like) etching or mechanical attack (sandblasting, and the like), and the like. An extraction surface can, if appropriate, be provided in the thickness of the guide, for example according to an internal laser etching technology. The geometry and the roughness of the edge of a waveguide can also be machined in order to make possible local and controlled extraction of the light. The one or more extraction means make it possible to extract the radiation from the guide toward the desired zone of illumination. They can be combined, if appropriate, with another treatment which makes it possible to target the zones of illumination, for example with occulting screen printing (masking certain zones and preventing the passage of the light) deposited on a portion of a face of the substrate.
If appropriate, the item of equipment can also comprise at least one filter (coupled (in operation) to at least one source), so as to form a colored luminous region with a chosen color, this filter generally being positioned between the source and the plate and being able in particular to be combined (or rendered integral) with the source and/or with another intermediate element and/or with the plate.
“Filter” is understood to mean an optical filter (having an action on the transmission of the light), in particular a colored optical filter (the action on the transmission of the wavelength being carried out as a function of the wavelengths), this filter in particular being a generally flat element or material, in particular in the form of a film or layer or composite, based on at least one organic or inorganic material, which is (semi-)transparent (in the sense in particular that it is transparent at (a) certain wavelength(s) of the visible region and not transparent at/by blocking/by affecting other(s)), in particular making it possible to absorb and/or to reflect and/or to reemit certain wavelengths of the visible spectrum. This filter can in particular be a filter by absorption (the action on the transmission of the light occurring by absorption at certain wavelengths, it being possible for the absorbed light in particular to be converted into heat and/or emitted at other wavelengths) or a filter by reflection (the action on the transmission of the light occurring by reflection at certain wavelengths). The filter can be added to (manufactured separately) and combined with at least one light source and/or with another intermediate element or with the worktop, or it can be integrated into or produced directly on said source and/or said element and/or said top, for example in the form of a printed layer, for example printed by inkjet printing. The radiation emitted by the source passes through the corrective filter in order to produce the desired display on or through the substrate with which this assembly is combined. The filter can make it possible to form different colors, for example at least one coloured zone which is white in colour or of a mixed colour obtained by mixing at several wavelengths.
The item of equipment according to the invention, according to the sources used (and, if appropriate, the filters used) and their locations, can exhibit one or more luminous/display zones having a functional and/or decorative use, it being possible for said zone(s) to be in any zone of the plate and it is possible to have several luminous/display zones which are different (different color, level of brightness), and/or each zone can itself exhibit different colors.
As indicated above, the item of equipment according to the invention also comprises at least one interface for communication with at least one element of the top (such as the light source(s)) and/or with an element external to the top, for example for wireless communication.
This (in particular man-machine or machine-machine) communication interface can be a device which makes it possible in particular to control or to transmit commands to the light sources from or via control buttons or keys integrated into the worktop or offset onto an external element which is advantageously detachable or movable, in the case in particular of a command by wireless communication.
Preferably, the interface makes possible wireless communication with a unit external to the worktop (it being possible for this unit to form part of the item of equipment according to the invention and to itself constitute an interface), for example making possible the remote activation of the light sources and/or the control of different functions (display of data on the worktop, and the like), the commands given by the external unit being transmitted by the interface to the relevant components of the item of equipment. The interface can also be a control interface located on the top (control panel) which transmits the commands by wires or optionally wirelessly to other components of the top or outside the top (for example to the sources offset from the top for the illumination by projection).
The external unit in the case of remote control can, for example, be in the form of a keyboard, a tablet, a touch screen or a cellphone, it being possible for this unit to be stationary (for example fastened to a wall) or movable (being able, if appropriate, to be placed on the worktop). This embodiment exhibits in particular the advantage of preventing finger marks (which are unsightly and obvious on glass materials) on the worktop. For the sake of safety in particular, the wireless communication can advantageously be planned to be of limited range (for example range limited to the volume of the room in which the item of equipment is located) and/or equipped with safety features in order to prevent inadvertent activation by a person not present. The wireless communication in particular is achieved via electromagnetic or radio waves, if appropriate using systems of Bluetooth, WLAN, Wi-Fi, RFID chip, and the like, type.
The interface can make it possible to transmit different signals initiated by contact or even by movement in order to activate different components, as already mentioned (for example, it may convert a movement, detected by sensors by triangulation, these sensors being connected to this interface (and if appropriate forming part thereof), into the activation of a function (for example the illumination of zones, and the like)). It can also make possible the downloading and/or the transmission of various data (such as Internet pages, screen backgrounds, cooking recipes, and the like), these data being, for example, transmitted to light sources making it possible in particular to display them at the surface of the worktop.
At least one interface is generally located on or under the worktop or close by. The item of equipment according to the invention can also comprise several interfaces, of the same type or different types, for example making possible the activation of different elements, or the item of equipment can comprise several interfaces, if appropriate functioning differently (of different composition, operating at different frequencies, and the like), for managing one and the same element with a higher level of safety. The interface can be formed of sensor(s), connector(s), control element(s), any other electrical or electronic or electromagnetic component, and the like.
Preferably, the item of equipment according to the invention comprises at least one interface for communication with at least one external element for the activation of different zones and/or functions of the substrate by wireless communication, in particular when the light transmission TL of the substrate is low.
Apart from the interface, the item of equipment or worktop can be equipped with different cables, connectors or other elements, in particular of electrical nature, which contribute to the transmission of commands from one part of the item of equipment to the other.
The item of equipment, in particular the worktop, according to the invention can also comprise various functional and/or decorative coatings, in particular among those generally used with the glass materials in question, for example based on enamel, on paint, on thin (for example metal, dielectric, and the like) layer(s), and the like. For example, one of the faces of the substrate can comprise one or more enamel layers or one or more enamel patterns having a decorative purpose and/or in order to signal one or more elements (display devices, and the like) and/or acting as coloring or masking layer and/or for other functions (as light extractor or to render the illumination uniform, and the like). In particular, the worktop can be equipped with a functional layer which confers on it one or more additional properties, such as anti-scratch, mechanical strengthening, anti-fingerprint, anti-overflow, and the like, properties. The coating can, for example, be formed by processes such as screen printing, cathode sputtering or pneumatic spraying deposition, inkjet printing, enamel jet printing, and the like, it being possible for the coating to be applied in particular, depending on the type of coating and on the desired function, to the visible face or to the opposite face. For example, in the case of a decoration by enamel, the latter is preferably deposited on the upper face for reasons of visibility in particular while an opacifying layer (such as the coating mentioned according to the invention) is preferably deposited on the opposite non visible face for better protection against abrasion in particular, and the like.
As indicated above, the decorations (or at least a portion of them) or displays of the worktop can also advantageously be obtained by a light display (rather than by deposition of a coating), in particular by projecting light onto the screen-forming top, as already mentioned above.
The present invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of an item of equipment according to the invention, in particular of the worktop of said item of equipment, when this worktop is formed of at least one glass-ceramic substrate with a surface area of greater than 0.7 m2, in which at least one cycle of ceramization of a glass plate with a surface area of greater than 0.7 m2 is carried out in order to obtain said substrate, and according to which the rate of passage is reduced by at least 25%, preferably by at least 50%, or the length of the ceramization furnace or the residence time in said furnace is increased by at least 25%, preferably at least 50%, with respect to the optimal or normal rate, length or residence time respectively, in order to obtain a glass-ceramic substrate with a surface area of less than 0.4 m2.
For the record, glass-ceramic plates are generally manufactured as follows: glass with the composition chosen for forming the glass-ceramic is melted in a melting furnace, the molten glass is then rolled to give a standard ribbon or sheet by passing the molten glass between forming rollers, and the glass ribbon is cut to the desired dimensions. Alternatively to the rolling, the glass can be produced by the float glass process, as described, for example, in the patent application WO2008056080, before, if appropriate, being cut up. The plates, already or not yet cut up, are subsequently ceramized in a way known per se, the ceramization consisting in baking the plates according to the temperature profile chosen in order to convert the glass into the polycrystalline material referred to as “glass-ceramic”, the expansion coefficient of which is zero or virtually zero and which withstands a thermal shock which can range up to 700° C. The ceramization generally comprises a stage of gradual rise in the temperature up to the nucleation range, generally located in the vicinity of the range for transformation of the glass; a stage, lasting several minutes, of passing through the nucleation range; a new gradual rise in the temperature up to the temperature of the ceramization stationary phase; the maintenance of the temperature of the ceramization stationary phase for several minutes; and then a rapid cooling down to ambient temperature. If appropriate, the process also comprises a cutting operation (generally before ceramization), for example with a water jet, mechanical marking out with a cutting wheel, and the like, followed by a shaping operation (grinding, beveling, and the like). The process can also comprise a stage of rolling or gravity bending in order to form specific protrusions.
In the present invention, the glass-ceramic follows a ceramization cycle which gives it the desired properties, in particular a transparent appearance.
Other advantageous characteristics and details will emerge below from the description of a nonlimiting embodiment of the invention, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
In this example, the item of equipment (1) according to the invention comprises a piece of furniture (2) formed of a casing (4) surmounted by a worktop (5) formed of at least one substrate made of glass-ceramic with a surface area of 2.6 m2, this substrate occupying the majority (in this instance all) of the surface (measured on the upper face) of the worktop and being formed of a transparent (monolithic) glass-ceramic plate (6) (the glass-ceramic intrinsically exhibiting a light transmission TL of 87.78%), this plate made of glass-ceramic being provided with a coating (10) made of paint with a thickness of 42 μm based on silicone resins including aluminum pigments, this coated plate being of the type of those sold under the KeraResin reference by Eurokera, this plate exhibiting a smooth upper face and a smooth lower face (it also being possible for this face to be provided with tear drops) and a thickness of 6 mm, the coated substrate exhibiting a haze of 100%, a light transmission TL of 0.07% and an opacity indicator of 99.92. This substrate is, for example, obtained by reducing, in the process for the manufacture of glass-ceramics of KeraResin type, the rate of passage in the ceramization furnace by 50%.
The substrate made of glass-ceramic obtained exhibits a flatness of less than 2 mm (the flatness obtained being between 2 and 3 mm for a rate reduced by only 25% and being more than 15 mm for a rate unchanged with respect to that used in the abovementioned patent application to order to obtain a plate with standard dimensions of less than 0.4 m2), the flatness desired for good optical properties in particular being less than 3 mm and preferably less than 2 mm.
The item of equipment comprises three light sources (8), for decorative purposes for luminous effects, or intended, for example, to signal locations (for example for putting down hot utensils), and placed above the substrate (and overhanging the worktop). These sources signal, for example, one or more zones, for example using luminous circle(s) of greater or lesser size and of color (9) delimiting each location (it being possible for the colors, if appropriate, to be identical or different according to the locations). The sources (8) are formed, for example, of a plurality of LEDs carried by a seat housed in a profiled element and are, for example, integrated in a device (14) overhanging the worktop. These sources can also be used for the illumination (local or complete) of the worktop or for the display by projection of various items of information, such as the display of data, of cooking recipes (11), and the like.
The item of equipment additionally comprises at least one interface (12) (hidden by the substrate) for communication, for example, with the light sources, this interface also communicating wirelessly with an external unit in the form, for example, of a touch tablet (13) for the activation of different zones and functions of the plate or of the item of equipment. The external unit can be advantageously movable and lie on the worktop (
The item of equipment can also comprise other elements, in particular electrical cables, if need be (for the activation of the sources, for example), and comprises drawers (16) or cupboards (17) inserted into the casing supporting the worktop, for storing various articles, and the like. The item of equipment can also comprise other elements; for example, the worktop can comprise a trim, the substrate can be coated with a localized or nonlocalized permanent decoration, for example made of enamel, the casing can be uninterrupted or comprise different recesses (such as the recess (18)) or integrate other elements (for example drawers, and the like). The worktop (5) can be used for different purposes, such as writing (as symbolized by the paper and the pen (19)), the support for objects (as symbolized by the tableware (20)), the use as kitchen table (making it possible in particular to eat or put down cooking containers (21), if appropriate hot, and the like), and the like. If appropriate, the casing can also be replaced by supporting legs (for example only the walls 22 and 23, or four legs at the four corners, the item of equipment under the worktop in this case preferably being hidden by a localized enclosure with a thickness of a few centimeters under the substrate), such as a table.
The item of equipment according to the invention can in particular be advantageously used to produce a new range of interactive and multiuse pieces of furniture without cooking zones.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1558341 | Sep 2015 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2016/052211 | 9/6/2016 | WO | 00 |
