GLOBAL NAMES ZONE

Abstract

A DNS server includes one or more zones that store information, such as IP addresses, associated with domain names. These zones include a global names zone that stores data correlating host names to domain names. When a name query is received from a client device, the DNS server checks the global names zone for a record associated with the host name. If there is no record for the host name in the global names zone, then the query is answered using the DNS records found in a local copy of the authoritative zone. If there is a record for the host name in the global names zone, then the query is answered using the DNS records found in the global names zone. The IP address associated with the domain name is determined and returned to the client device.

Description

BACKGROUND

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that stores information associated with domain names in a distributed database on one or more networks. The stored information includes the Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with a domain name. The domain name space may be thought of as a tree of domain names. Each node or leaf in the tree is associated with resource records, which hold information associated with the domain name. The tree is divided into zones. A zone is a collection of connected nodes that are authoritatively served by an authoritative DNS server. A DNS server may host one or more zones. Resolving a domain name may entail recursing through several DNS servers to find the needed information.

A domain name usually includes multiple parts separated by dots. For example, encarta.msn.com has three parts: encarta, msn, and com. The rightmost part is the top-level domain. In the example, the top-level domain is com. Each part to the left of the top-level domain is a sub-domain. In the example, msn is a second-level domain. The left-most part of the domain name is the host name. The host name specifies the name of a specific machine with a specific IP address in a domain. In the example, encarta is the host name.

In order for a host name to be resolved globally across multiple domain and zone boundaries, a machine has to register in all the domains, which greatly increases administration complexity. A host name that is needed globally cannot be added or managed easily or efficiently.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding to the reader. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure and it does not identify key/critical elements of the invention or delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts disclosed herein in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

Described herein are various technologies and techniques directed to methods and systems for a global names zone. In accordance with one implementation of the described technologies, a DNS server includes one or more lookup zones that store information, such as IP addresses, associated with domain names. These zones include a global names zone that stores data correlating host names to domain names. When the DNS server receives a registration for a domain name, the DNS server checks whether it hosts the authoritative zone for the domain name. If so, then the DNS server checks the global names zone to determine whether there is a record for the host name. If there is no record for the host name in the global names zone, the domain name is registered in the authoritative zone as requested. If there is already a record for the host name in the global names zone, then the registration of the domain name may be rejected.

When a name query is received from a client device, the DNS server determines whether it hosts the authoritative zone for the query. If not, then the name query may be forwarded to another DNS server that hosts the authoritative zone for the query. If the DNS does host an authoritative zone for the name query, then the DNS server checks the global names zone for a record associated with the host name. If there is no record for the host name in the global names zone, then the query is answered using the DNS records found in the local copy of the authoritative zone. If there is a record for the host name in the global names zone, then the query is answered using the DNS records found in the global names zone. In this case, any data in the authoritative copy of the zone is ignored.

Many of the attendant features will be more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present description will be better understood from the following detailed description read in light of the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system for implementing a global names zone.

FIG. 2 is a screenshot illustrating an exemplary user interface for managing DNS zones.

FIG. 3 is a screenshot illustrating an exemplary user interface for displaying DNS zones.

FIG. 4 is a screenshot illustrating an exemplary user interface for displaying resource records.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for resolving a name query.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for registering a domain name.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary computing environment in which certain aspects of the invention may be implemented.

Like reference numerals are used to designate like parts in the accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description provided below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of the present examples and is not intended to represent the only forms in which the present example may be constructed or utilized. The description sets forth the functions of the example and the sequence of steps for constructing and operating the example. However, the same or equivalent functions and sequences may be accomplished by different examples.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system 100 for implementing a global names zone. The system 100 includes a DNS server 102 and one or more zones, such as 110, 112, or 114. The zones store resource records that include information associated with domain names, such as an IP address associated with a domain name. One of the zones in system 100 is a global names zone 110. The global names zone 110 stores resource records correlating host names to domain names. For each record type, a host name stored in the global names zone 110 is uniquely correlated to one domain name.

When a client device, such as 104, wants to register a domain name, for example “encarta.msn.com”, the DNS server 102 will first check the global names zone 110 to determine whether there is already a record for the host name. In the example, the host name is “encarta”. If there is already a record for the host name, then the registration may be rejected. If there is no record for the host name, then the DNS server adds a record correlating the host name to the domain name. In the example, a record would be added that correlates “encarta” to “encarta.msn.com”. The authoritative zone for the domain name, such as 112, stores a record associating the domain name to the IP address. In the example, the authoritative zone 112 may store a record associating the domain name “encarta.msn.com” to the IP address “207.142.131.200”. After a record has been added for the host name “encarta” to the global names zone, other registrations for the same host name may be rejected. For example, if a client device wants to register a domain name “encarta.xyz.com”, the registration may be rejected if an administrator has previously created an “encarta” record in the global names zone.

When a name query 120 is received at the DNS server 102 from a client device, such as 104, the DNS server 102 checks to see if it hosts the authoritative zone for the name query 120. If it does not, then the DNS server 102 may forward the name query 120 to another DNS server that hosts the authoritative zone for the name query 120.

If the DNS server 102 does host the authoritative zone for the name query 120, then the DNS server 102 will check the global names zone 110 to determine if there is a record for the host name. If so, the global names zone 110 will return the domain name associated with the host name. The DNS server 102 may then lookup a record for the domain name in the authoritative zone, such as 112, to determine the IP address associated with the domain name. The DNS server 102 may then return the IP address 122 to the client device 104.

FIGS. 2-4 are screenshots illustrating exemplary user interfaces 200, 300, and 400 for managing DNS zones. FIG. 2 shows an example of a DNS system including one forward lookup zone 204 named “moondomain.nttest.microsoft.com”. The forward lookup zone 204 stores resource records that include information, such as IP addresses, associated with domain names. To create a global names zone, an administrator may add a new zone via a selection 202 on a pull-down menu. The administrator may choose various options for the new zone, such as whether the zone is a primary or secondary zone and whether the zone is to be filed-backed or integrated with a directory system, such as an Active Directory® system. The administrator may then choose a unique name for the zone, such as “Global Names”.

FIG. 3. shows the added Global Names zone 302. The Global Names zone stores records that correlate host names to domain names. FIG. 4. shows the records, 402 and 404, that are stored in the Global Names zone. Each record has a record type and data. Examples of record types include but are not limited to Start of Authority (SOA), Name Server (NS), Host (A), Mail Exchanger (MX), and Canonical Name (CNAME). For each record type, a host name stored in the global names zone 110 is uniquely correlated to one domain name. When the DNS system includes a global names zone, the DNS server will check the global names zone first when the DNS server receives a name query, registration, or update. For a registration or update, the global names zone is checked to determine whether there is already a record with the same record type and same host name. If so, then the registration or update is rejected. For a name query, the global names zone is checked to determine whether there is a record correlating the host name with a domain name. If so, then the domain name is returned to the DNS server and used to determine the IP address.

FIGS. 5-6 are flow diagrams illustrating exemplary processes for implementing a global names zone. While the description of FIGS. 5-6 may be made with reference to other figures, it should be understood that the exemplary processes illustrated in FIGS. 5-6 are not intended to be limited to being associated with the systems or other contents of any specific figure or figures. Additionally, it should be understood that while the exemplary processes of FIGS. 5-6 indicate a particular order of operation execution, in one or more alternative implementations, the operations may be ordered differently. Furthermore, some of the steps and data illustrated in the exemplary processes of FIGS. 5-6 may not be necessary and may be omitted in some implementations. Finally, while the exemplary processes of FIGS. 5-6 contains multiple discrete steps, it should be recognized that in some environments some of these operations may be combined and executed at the same time.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for resolving a name query. At 510, a name query is received at a DNS server from a client device. The name query includes a host name. At 520, a determination is made as to whether the DNS server hosts the authoritative zone for the name query. If not, then at 525, the name query may be forwarded to another DNS server that hosts the authoritative zone for the name query.

If the DNS server does host the authoritative zone for the name query, then at 530, a determination is made as to whether there is a record for the host name in the global names zone. If not, then at 535, the query is answered using the DNS records found in a local copy of the authoritative zone. The IP address associated with the name is determined, and the IP address is returned to the client device at 560.

If the global names zone does have a record for the host name, then at 540, the record for the host name in the global names zone is checked to determine the domain name associated with the host name. At 550, the IP address that is associated with the domain name is determined. At 560, the IP address associated with the domain name is returned to the client device.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for registering a domain name. At 610, a registration or update for a domain name is received. The registration or update may be received at a DNS server that does not host the authoritative zone for the domain name. In this case, the registration or update may be forwarded to another DNS server that hosts the authoritative zone for the domain name.

If the DNS does host an authoritative zone for the name query, then at 620, the DNS server checks the global names zone for a record associated with the host name. If there is no record for the host name in the global names zone, then at 650, the domain name is registered or updated in the authoritative zone as requested.

If the global names zone does already have a record for the host name, then the record type of the domain name registration or update is determined. At 630, the record type of the domain name registration or update is compared with the record type of the record for the host name stored in the global names zone. If the record types match, then at 640, the registration or update is rejected. If the record types do not match, then at 650, the domain name is registered or updated in the authoritative zone as requested.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary computing environment in which certain aspects of the invention may be implemented. It should be understood that computing environment 700 is only one example of a suitable computing environment in which the various technologies described herein may be employed and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the technologies described herein. Neither should the computing environment 700 be interpreted as necessarily requiring all of the components illustrated therein.

The technologies described herein may be operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing environments or configurations. Examples of well known computing environments and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the technologies described herein include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.

With reference to FIG. 7, computing environment 700 includes a general purpose computing device 710. Components of computing device 710 may include, but are not limited to, a processing unit 712, a memory 714, a storage device 716, input device(s) 718, output device(s) 720, and communications connection(s) 722.

Processing unit 712 may include one or more general or special purpose processors, ASICs, or programmable logic chips. Depending on the configuration and type of computing device, memory 714 may be volatile (such as RAM), non-volatile (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.) or some combination of the two. Computing device 710 may also include additional storage (removable and/or non-removable) including, but not limited to, magnetic or optical disks or tape. Such additional storage is illustrated in FIG. 7 by storage 716. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Memory 714 and storage 716 are examples of computer storage media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by computing device 710. Any such computer storage media may be part of computing device 710.

Computing device 710 may also contain communication connection(s) 722 that allow the computing device 710 to communicate with other devices, such as with other computing devices through network 730. Communications connection(s) 722 is an example of communication media. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term ‘modulated data signal’ means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency, infrared, and other wireless media. The term computer readable media as used herein includes storage media.

Computing device 710 may also have input device(s) 718 such as a keyboard, a mouse, a pen, a voice input device, a touch input device, and/or any other input device. Output device(s) 720 such as one or more displays, speakers, printers, and/or any other output device may also be included.

While the invention has been described in terms of several exemplary implementations, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the implementations described, but can be practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting.

Claims

1. A method comprising: receiving at a domain name system (DNS) server a name query from a client device, the name query including a host name; for a record type, preventing storage of an association between the host name and more than one domain name in a global names zone; checking the global names zone for a record associated with the host name; determining from the record the domain name associated with the host name, the domain name comprising a plurality of parts at least one part of the domain name comprising the host name and another part of the domain name comprising a top-level domain name; determining an Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with the domain name; and returning to the client device the IP address associated with the domain name.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether the DNS server hosts an authoritative zone for the name query.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising answering the name query using DNS records found in a local copy of the authoritative zone if the global names zone does not have a record for the host name.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the global names zone is a forward lookup zone.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the global names zone is a primary zone.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the global names zone is file-backed.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the global names zone is integrated with a directory system.

8. A system comprising: a domain name system (DNS) server; and one or more data stores coupled to the DNS server to store records for domain names, the one or more data stores including a global names zone to store records uniquely correlating host names with domain names.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more data stores include one or more forward lookup zones.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more data stores include one or more primary zones.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the global names zone is a primary forward lookup zone.

12. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more data stores store records that include data correlating domain names with Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.

13. One or more device-readable tangible media with device-executable instructions for performing steps comprising: receiving a registration for a domain name, the domain name including a host name; determining whether a global names zone has a record for the host name; and registering the domain name if the global names zone does not have a record for the host name; and rejecting the registration of the domain name if the global names zone does have a record for the host name.

14. The one or more device-readable tangible media of claim 13, wherein receiving a registration for a domain name comprises receiving a registration for a domain name at a domain name system (DNS) server.

15. The one or more device-readable tangible media of claim 14, wherein the steps further comprise determining whether the DNS server hosts an authoritative zone for the domain name.

16. The one or more device-readable tangible media of claim 15, wherein the steps further comprise forwarding the registration to another DNS server that hosts the authoritative zone for the domain name.

17. The one or more device-readable tangible media of claim 15, wherein registering the domain name comprises registering the domain name in the authoritative zone.

18. The one or more device-readable tangible media of claim 15, wherein the steps further comprise: determining a first record type for the domain name registration, determining a second record type of the record for the host name stored in the global names zone, and determining whether the first record type matches the second record type.

19. The one or more device-readable tangible media of claim 18, wherein the steps further comprise rejecting the registration if the first record type matches the second record type.

20. The one or more device-readable tangible media of claim 18, wherein the steps further comprise registering the domain name in the authoritative zone if the first record type does not match the second record type.