Patent Application
20240420597
The present invention relates to the technical field of earth models, and particularly relates to a globe.
The earth is the common home of countless lives, and humans have lived on the beautiful blue planet for generations. From ancient people's understanding of the round Heaven and square Earth to the establishment of the heliocentric theory, from measuring the size of the earth to weighing its mass, from the confirmation of the earth rotation by the Foucault Pendulum to the understanding of climate change caused by the revolution throughout the four seasons, from understanding the existence of Moho Surface by seismic wave detection to earth stratification deep into the Gutenberg Surface, from the study of paleomagnetism to the verification of paleontological fossils, from the crossing of polar ice and snow worlds to the exploration of dark and deep oceans, all of these are the fruits from countless predecessors' hard exploration and continuous efforts in cognition, which fully demonstrates humanity's hope for understanding the earth.
Because the volume of the earth is huge for humans, in order to provide a more intuitive understanding of the earth, a globe was established. Different colors, shapes and symbols on the surface of the globe body to represent the oceans, lands, mountains, rivers, countries and regions, so as to display the global situation as a whole. With the development of various sciences and technologies, comprehensive exploration, measurement, research and analysis of the earth have been carried out through methods such as geophysics, chemistry, a gravity field, seismic waves and a geomagnetic field, and a deeper understanding of the earth has been gained.
However, nowadays, the cognition for the knowledge of the earth is based on fragmented presentations in the form of pictures, such as the division of various layers of the earth and the formation of cold and hot mantle plumes, and people's understanding of an earth interior are still in many controversies, and in this case, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive and reasonable earth model to deepen our understanding of the various conditions of the earth. Only in this way, we can have a correct understanding of the earth, make reasonable use of various resources, promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and minimize the harm caused by natural disasters such as volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis to humanity. Therefore, the present invention provides a globe.
The present invention aims to provide a globe, so as to solve the problems proposed in the above background.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a globe, comprising main contents of the existing globe, and in particular to an earth model which further reveals a geological structure of an earth interior.
The globe was stratified by different wave velocities of seismic waves first discovered by Mohorovich, and is now divided into seven layers, which are represented by letters A, B, C, D, E, F and G; layer A represents a crust, which is in a solid state from an earth surface to a Moho surface; layers B and C represent upper mantles; layer B represents a Beyerle surface from the Moho surface to the bottom of an asthenosphere, wherein the asthenosphere is made of partially melted substances; layer C is from the Beyerle surface to a Rebotti surface; layer D represents a lower mantle from the Rebotti surface to a Gutenberg surface, and the mantle is made of a liquid-solid substance; layer E represents a liquid outer earth core and is in a liquid state from the Gutenberg surface to 4700 kilometers; layer F is an earth core transition layer from 4700 kilometers to a Lehmann surface; and layer G represents a solid inner earth core and is in a solid state from the Lehmann surface to an earth center. Layers B, C and D are provided with a hot spot mantle plume, an asthenosphere, a Benioff zone and a seismic wave low-velocity body; and an H structure is a Luhua earth motion center. The seven layers are proportionally reduced; graticules are made of iron wires according to latitude and longitude lines, and the graticules are used as skeletons to form a globe body; and the graticules are combined into a seven-layer graticule hollow globe body from inside to outside and from small to large in a manner that North and South Poles are co-axial. A piece of transparent plastic cloth is covered on the surface of the globe body.
The crust layer A is divided into a Eurasian plate, an African plate, an Antarctic plate, a Pacific plate, an American plate and an Indian Ocean plate according to the Wigner continental drift theory and the plate tectonics theory of Lepizong, Mckenzie and Morgan. Each plate is marked with different marks and motion directions.
According to the Hess and Dietz's theory of seafloor expansion, the global mid-ocean ridge is approximately 80,000 kilometers long, which is connected with the Indian Ocean V-shaped ridge from the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean to the mid-Atlantic ridge, and finally connected with the East Pacific Ridge. The ridges correspond to main mountain ranges and volcanoes in trench island chains, Benioff Belts, and earth suture lines, wherein the main island chains in the Pacific Ocean mainly include Mariana, Tonga, Japan, Kuril Islands, Aleutia, the Philippines, Ogasawara, Palau, Peru, Chile, Sino-American, etc. The Atlantic trenches include Puerto Rico, South Sandwich, Romance, Cayman, Dominica, etc. The Indian Ocean trenches include Amilant, Java, Vima, Obi, Mauritius, and Chagos. The Arctic Ocean trenches mainly include Litek and Ferrara, and the main mountain ranges include the Alps, Cordillera and the Himalayas.
According to the Wilson's hot spot theory, the main global hot spots in the mantle layers B, C and D include Hawaii, Samoa, Tubuai, Tuamo, Dawn Island, Easter Island, West Asia's Jamayne, Mount Emei, Ethiopia, Kenya, Reunion, Galkrone, Iceland, Azores, Cape Verde, Ascension, Fernando, Cameroon, Vesuvius, Yellowstone, etc.
According to the Morgan's mantle plume theory, there are Asian super-cold mantle plumes, South Pacific and African super-hot mantle plumes, as well as mid-Atlantic ridge and American primary mantle plumes all over the world.
The seismic wave low-velocity body comprises a South Pacific seismic wave low-velocity zone and an African seismic wave low-velocity zone.
According to various phenomena of the geomagnetic field, the motion states of an outer core and an inner core of the earth core layers E, F and G are determined. Based on the theory of the origin of the geomagnetic field proposed by Ramore, Elsa, Parker, Brad, Lilly, et al, it has been inferred that the Gutenberg surface is the location where weak current generates an original magnetic field, the liquid outer core of layer E is in a vortex motion state from east to west, and the vortex axis is a connecting axis of north and south magnetic poles, and the inner core is in a circumferential displacement motion state from east to west relative to the earth surface. It is determined by a continental magnetic field that Americas and Asia are downstream local vortex points, while Africa and the South Atlantic are upstream local vortex points, and are mostly abnormally associated with mantle plumes and a gravity field.
The transparent plastic cloth on the surface of layer A of the globe body is marked with marks, such as lands, islands, oceans, ocean trenches, mountain ranges and countries. The shapes of boundaries of plates are marked with iron wires; divergent boundaries are represented by opposite arrows; and collision boundaries are represented by relative arrows.
Layers B, C and D are provided with hot spot volcanoes, and a segment of iron wire in a direction from the earth center to the earth surface is arranged below all the hot spot volcanoes, and represents the hot spot volcanoes; a three-dimensional structure is made of iron wires according to a shape of an Asian cold mantle plume in
Layer E is provided with a vortex structure from east to west; three circular vortexes are made of iron wires according to shapes in
Finally, the globe body is connected with the bracket and the pedestal to form a whole globe.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
The present invention provides a comprehensive and reasonable earth model, which is different from the traditional cognition in the following aspects:
The cognition manners of the earth interior are different: in the traditional cognition manner, seismic wave detection, physical measurement, chemical analysis and gravity field observation are adopted; and in the present invention, the motion laws of the earth core are determined by means of various data and phenomena of the magnetic field of the earth;
The energy sources are different: in the traditional cognition, it is generally believed that the main source of energy of the earth interior is generated by the decay of radioactive elements; and in the present invention, it is believed that the main source is universal gravitation;
The motion states of the inner earth core are different: in the traditional cognition, it is generally believed that the inner earth core rotates faster than the crust and rotates a circle faster than the crust in about four years; and in the present invention, it is believed that the inner earth core has circumferential displacement motion while rotating a circle faster than the crust in four years, and the displacement of the center of the inner earth core is one circle per day;
The motion states of the outer earth core are different: in the traditional cognition, it is believed that the outer earth core is in a radial convective motion state; and in the present invention, it is believed that the outer earth core not only has radial convective motion, but also has whole vortex motion from east to west by taking a rotation axis as a center;
The formation principles of the magnetic field of the earth are different: in the traditional cognition, it is believed that the geomagnetic field is generated by the radial convective motion of the outer earth core; and in the present invention, it is believed that the geomagnetic field is generated by the vortex motion of the outer earth core, while radial motion is the reason of formation of the continental magnetic field;
The generation manners of the geomagnetic field are different: in the traditional cognition, it is believed that the geomagnetic field has only one generation manner; and in the present invention, it is believed that the geomagnetic field has two different generation manners, i.e. a generation manner of an original low-intensity magnetic field and a generation manner of an enhanced magnetic field, and the two different generation manners supplement each other and work together to form the magnetic field of the earth;
The reasons of polarity reversal are different: in the traditional cognition, it is believed that this aspect is lack of awareness; and in the present invention, it is believed that the original low-intensity magnetic field has the change in direction, thereby causing the polarity reversal of the earth;
The motion states of the earth interior are different: in the traditional cognition, it is only known that the inner earth core is in a solid state, the outer earth core is in a liquid state, and the outer earth core has radial convective motion; and in the present invention, the specific motion process of the earth core is clearly specified, and the motion state of the earth interior is explained;
The cognitions of the center point of the earth are different: in the traditional cognition, it is believed that the center point of the earth is a geometrical center of the globe body; and in the present invention, it is believed that the center comprises three parts, i.e. the center point of the earth, the displacement trajectory of the center of the inner earth core and the vortex central axis of the outer earth core, and the three parts are renamed as the Luhua earth motion center.
The above theories are combined for deepening the understanding of various situations of the earth, so that humans can have a correct understanding of the earth, make reasonable use of various resources, promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and minimize the harm caused by natural disasters such as volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis to humanity.
In
In order to better understand the present invention, more detailed description will be made according to the principle of the present invention.
The various layers of the earth are mainly divided based on different seismic wave velocities. Next, a detailed table will be organized according to Brent Earth structure stratification in 1970.
In 1912, Weigner proposed the theory of continental drift based on the complementarity between the two sides of the Atlantic, such as the right angled protrusion on the east coast of Brazil and the right angled depression on the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. The Americas and Africa as well as Europe echo each other in terms of stratigraphic and rock structures, for example rock sequences are consistent with the fossils contained in the Late Paleozoic tectonic direction in the southern tip of Africa and southern Argentina in South America. Paleontological fossils on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean have a genetic relationship, such as the Middle Dragon fossil and the Cambrian plant fossil Tongue Sheep Teeth. Extensive glaciation occurred in South America, southern Africa, India, and Australia during the Permian period, while there were no traces of the same period in other places, which indicates that these areas were once a continent, proving that land was active. Modern technological measurements have also proven that continents move at a speed of 2-10 mm per year.
In 1962, Hess and Dietz proposed the theory of seafloor expansion, which believes that mantle substance passed through the lithosphere along the mid ocean ridge to form a new oceanic crust, the original oceanic crust are expanded toward the trench island arc line on both sides, so as to rush into the mantle to renew the ocean floor every 200 million years. Evidences are that (1) in 1963, Wayne and Mathews discovered that the magnetic anomaly in the mid-ocean ridge was in striped positive and negative crossing, parallel to both sides of the ridge, symmetrically extends, and its sequence is consistent with the geomagnetic reverse chronology; (2) in 1965, Wilson proposed a transformation fault to prove the horizontal displacement of the plate; (3) in 1949, Benioff discovered that the distribution of focal depths formed a tilted zone from the ocean to the continent; and (4) Lang Cohen discovered that ancient magnetic poles migrated with geological age based on residual magnetism of rocks.
In 1967, Morgan, Mckenzie, Lepishun et al proposed the theory of plate tectonics, which believed that the earth surface was divided into block bodies with different sizes by many active zones such as mid-ocean ridges, trenches, transform faults, earth sutures and continental rifts. The plate was separated and expanded in the mid-ocean ridge, and undergoes subduction and subduction at the Fu Chong belt and the suture line. The world is divided into six major plates such as Eurasia, the Americas, Africa, the Pacific, Australia and Antarctica, and several small plates.
In 1963, Wilson proposed the concept of hotspots to explain the age evolution of volcanic island chains. There are three hot spot trajectories in the Pacific Hawaii-Emperor Ridge, Lane-Tuamoto Ridge, and Tubai-Gilbert-Marshall Ridge. There are also hotspots on lands, such as the White Annaben-Principe-Cameroon volcano.
In 1972, Morgan proposed the concept of mantle plumes to explain the origin of hotspots and found that areas with high gravity on the global gravity map were areas where plate growth and volcanic distribution occurred. Most of the global hot mantle plumes are located at the inflection points or triple junctions of the mid-ocean ridge, with a few located within the plate, about 50 or so.
In 1994, Maruyama Maude proposed the theory of mantle plume structure that there are mainly two upwelling super-hot mantle plumes in the South Pacific and Africa, as well as secondary hot plumes in the Mid Atlantic Ridge, as well as declining cold mantle plumes in Asia and secondary cold plumes in the Americas and Antarctica. There are two huge low wave velocity anomaly zones in the South Pacific and Africa regions, and a high wave velocity anomaly zone below Asia. The convection of cold and hot mantle plumes is a main form of heat conduction inside the earth and runs through the entire evolution process of the earth.
The large-scale magma controlled by the mantle plume is erupted from earth surface to form a huge area of overflow basalt, also known as the Great Igneous Province. Like the Great Igneous Province of Northwest Leah, with an area of 2.5×106 km2. There are also the Mountain Emei Igneous Province and the Deccan Plateau. In the mid Jurassic period, the South Atlantic Great Igneous Province caused the Gondwana continent to split, and the Great Igneous Province was mostly closely related to mass extinctions and impacts against asteroids.
In the process of deepening the understanding of the earth, there is the understanding of another phenomenon that is also a golden key to opening the door to the interior of the earth, called the magnetic field of the earth.
The law of motion of the crust is mainly revealed by continental drift, seafloor expansion, and plate tectonics. The law of motion of the mantle is mainly displayed by hotspots, mantle plumes, and cold and hot super polar mantle plumes, and the law of motion of the earth core is mainly determined based on the laws of the magnetic field of the earth.
People have known about the geomagnetic field for more than 2000 years. Sinan, recorded in the Ancient Mineral Record during the Warring States Period in ancient China, makes use of the principle of mutual attraction between magnetic field and magnet, and is one of the Four Great Inventions in ancient China. The existence of magnetic declination is clearly recorded in “Mengxi Bi Tan”, by Shen Kuo from the Song Dynasty. In 1600, Gulbert was the first person to propose the concept of geomagnetic field theory. In 1893, Gauss established a mathematical method for describing the geomagnetic field. The theory of the origin of geomagnetic field can mainly reasonably explain various phenomena related to the geomagnetic field, that is, various conditions for determining the origin of the geomagnetic field are as follows:
In the past 100,000 years in the northern hemisphere, the largest volcanic eruption was the eruption of volcano located in Naples, Italy 39,000 years ago, which produced approximately 350 km3 of rock magma. Three extreme scenarios, i.e., the rapid overturn of the geomagnetic field, drastic changes of climate, and volcanic eruptions in Italy, have been simultaneously proven by sedimentary cores from the Black Sea, indicating that this polarity event is related to volcanic eruptions.
Large-scale volcanoes are generated in the mantle and thermal energy is transmitted in the form of hot mantle plumes. Their large-scale eruptions directly disturb the equilibrium of internal and external pressures of the boundary of the core mantle, thereby changing the entering and exiting direction of free electrons to promote changes in geomagnetic polarity.
The Cretaceous period lasted for 79 million years and was the longest stage of the Phanerozoic Eon. During this period, abnormal phenomena throughout the entire history of the earth include the separation of continents by the ocean, accelerated cracking of ocean ridges, intense volcanic magmatism, prolonged geomagnetic polarity, giant metal mineralization, oxygen deficiency in oceanic seawater, rising seawater temperature, rising sea level, intense CO2 gas eruption, and giant oil and gas accumulation in black rock series, the most obvious change is a typical representative of extreme greenhouse climate in the geological history. During this period, the rapid expansion of ocean ridges and large-scale underwater volcanic eruptions formed numerous underwater igneous provinces, including the Pacific Ocean's Onton Java, Hess Ridge, Manihiki, Surviving Island, etc; Gailkeland in the Indian Ocean, Madagascar, the Eastern Plateau of South Africa, and the Brocken Ridge; the Caribbean Sea, Mude Ridge, etc. in the Atlantic Ocean.
All of these evidences indicate that during the Cretaceous period, a large amount of substances and energies were transported from the inside to outside of the earth. When the energies and substances inside the earth were transmitted to the crust through mantle circulation and mantle plumes, oceanic expansion and submarine plateaus were formed, while continental drift was generated so that the original oceanic plates submerge in the mantle to form a descending cold mantle plume. The cold mantle plume and rising hot substances formed a circulation in the mantle, the substance flow enters the earth core due to gravitational differentiation in the layer D″, and the thermal energy generated by the core enters the mantle due to high temperature and high pressure, so as to form a material circulation flow in the earth core. In this way, the substances entering the earth core from the mantle introduce abundant electrons which supplement and supply the number of electrons lost by the outer core and then maintain the generation of the current of the original weak magnetic field, thereby forming the Cretaceous Normal Superchron.
In addition, the weakening of magnetic moment and the Jerk phenomenon in the magnetic field are reasonably explained. These are the explanations for various phenomena of the geomagnetic field without repeated illustration in detail. There may be many answers for explaining a certain phenomenon, but all various conditions are perfectly explained, nothing but the complete theory of the origin of the geomagnetic field proposed by Elsa is supplemented. It also illustrates the origin of the geomagnetic field and also explains the laws of geological movements such as continental drift, various data observed in seismic waves and gravity fields are stated, and various phenomena in the process of paleoclimate and biological evolution are clarified.
The reason for the prosperity of thousands of species on the Earth lies in that the Earth itself is a living organism, and the driving force that governs its activities is gravitation. The law of its life activities can be attributed to one point so as to form a Luhua earth center point which is known as the general term of the three centers:
For those skilled in the art, it is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and under the condition of not deviating from the spirit or basic features of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific manners. Therefore, for every point, the embodiments shall be regarded as exemplary embodiments and non-restrictive embodiments. The scope of the present invention is limited by the attached claims, rather than the above descriptions, and therefore, all changes aiming to enable the scope of the present invention to fall within the meaning and the scope of equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any mark in the drawings of the claims shall not be regarded as the limit to the involved claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202110380447.6 | Apr 2021 | CN | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 18473188 | Sep 2023 | US |
| Child | 18820188 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/CN2022/000027 | Feb 2022 | WO |
| Child | 18820188 | US |
