I. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to labels for product containers. The invention relates specifically to a resealable expanded content label capable of being used with conventional glue label application machines for product containers, and the like.
II. Related Art
In the printing arts, and in particular in the commercial printed label art for labeling and decorating consumer products, there exists a continual demand for labels and decorations which not only appeal to consumers, but also need to include or bear ever increasing amounts of printed information. For example, labels for identification of consumer health care and pharmaceutical products are often required by governmental regulations to describe in painstaking detail their compositions and ingredients. As new food and drug laws are passed, regulations require the inclusion of increasing amounts of label information.
To provide increased printed information on labels, various forms of so-called “expanded content” labels have been proposed. As used here throughout, “expanded content labels” or “ECLs” are intended to include “extended text” labels, “booklet” type labels, and multi-layered or multi-ply labels, all describing labels having an appearance or effect of being comprised of multiple plies.
The expanded content type of label has gained wide popularity, wherein a base ply is joined to a top ply via an adhesive coupling or “hinge” between the two plies. Such labels normally contain two or more material plies hinged together using a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The hinge is formed along one margin. A pressure-sensitive release-reseal system is used along the opposite margin. For example, Kaufmann in U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,265; Hill et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,149,587; and Coward et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,973 show label constructions of this type.
Aside from the aforementioned types of expanded content labels, another label type that has been widely used for many years and is characterized in its application is the conventional and simple so-called “glue label” or “glue-applied label”. In its simplest form, a glue-applied label typically comprises a single paper ply that has printed information on one side (i.e., the upper side of the single ply). A conventional glue adhesive (such as a hot melt, or water soluble, etc.) is used on the other side (i.e., the under side of the ply) to adhere the label to a container to be labeled. As used throughout this specification, the term “glue” is defined to include all materials referred to as “glues” that are used in conjunction with glue labeling equipment. Such materials are well known to those skilled in the art.
Glue-applied labels are preferred for high volume and low cost labeling applications, and have been regarded as being the least expensive to produce and apply of all container labels. Glue-applied labels have been provided with printed graphics on both the outer and back surfaces of the single ply, such as (i) those applied to clear glass bottles for viewing back surface graphics through the glass and (ii) those “tear-off” labels providing further information on the under side (e.g., recipes).
Apart from their desirable high volume/low cost attributes, glue labels produced by traditional printing methods suffer several drawbacks.
For example, a majority of traditional glue labels are manufactured by so-called “sheet fed” processes, wherein separate, autonomous converting steps are utilized as known in the art. The separate converting steps, and concomitant separate handling and re-handling of the labels during manufacture, can lead to physical damage to the labels, other losses, and undesirable results.
Also, glue labels have not heretofore provided any resealable expanded content features (such as those features of, for example, the aforementioned patents). A glue label masquerading as an expanded content label usually comprises just a simple single material ply that is folded over in a sheet fed process converting step to give an appearance and limited effect of a booklet. Unfortunately, these imposter fold-over labels are for the most part incompatible with labeling application equipment for applying glue labels to containers (variously referred to as “cut-and-stack glue labeling equipment”) because of a tendency of the fold-over labels to “pop open” to some degree while being held in a dispensing magazine stack of the glue labeling equipment.
To remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, attempts have been proposed and researched to use conventionally constructed expanded content labels (such as those of the aforementioned patents) with cut-and-stack glue labeling equipment. However, such attempted uses have generated their own problems including (i) “warping” or “canoeing” and (ii) “pillowing” effects.
The problem of warping or canoeing arises due to the fact that expanded content labels have varying thicknesses across their dimensions. That is, these labels have thicknesses at their hinge margins and at their opposite release-reseal system margins which are greater than that of an area between the two margins. Then, when the labels are held in the dispensing magazine stack of the glue labeling equipment, they tend to sag downward in that area between the margins giving a warped or canoe-shaped overall appearance in the stack. Such sagging is more pronounced as the label stack grows in height in the magazine. Magazine jamming and other problems then tend to occur in operation of the glue labeling equipment.
The problem of pillowing arises from use of the cut-and-stack glue labeling equipment itself with such conventional booklet-type labels. In this situation, the labeling equipment commonly utilizes suction-type mechanisms to manipulate labels immediately before adhesion to containers in an assembly-line process, as is well known. The suction-type mechanisms tend to pull apart the plies or cause “pillowing” of the label, since the plies are joined only at the hinge and release-reseal margins. Once again, such deformation of the labels leads to jamming and other problems in the glue labeling equipment.
The above problems of the prior art are further illustrated in
Turning briefly to label manufacturing methods, it is generally accepted and well-known in the art that, for expanded content and many other labels, in-line printing and converting processes (“web presses”) offer the most cost-effective means of production of labels having “value-added” features while assuring quality, vs. sheet fed or other “offset press” methods. An exemplary in-line web press method is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,849,043 issued to Instance, entitled “METHOD OF PRODUCING LABELS”. In particular, sheet fed or offset production of expanded content labels requires additional off-line folding and cutting operations, thereby increasing production times and costs; in some circumstances, production of a given expanded content label may be impossible.
Thus, there exists a need for a glue-applied resealable expanded content label that is relatively inexpensive to produce in an in-line web press, that may be readily used with cut-and-stack glue labeling equipment without expensive equipment modifications, and that alleviates warping and pillowing effects.
An object of the present invention is to provide a glue-applied resealable expanded content label that is relatively inexpensive to produce in-line.
Another object of the present invention is to provide such a label that may be readily used with existing and unmodified cut-and-stack glue labeling equipment.
A further object of the present invention is to provide such a label that alleviates warping and pillowing effects in such equipment, in use.
In accordance with the present invention, a glue-applied resealable expanded content label includes a hinge portion, a release-reseal portion, a base ply having an under side and an upper side, and a top ply having an under side and an upper side. A first adhesive material is provided between the upper side of the base ply and the under side of the top ply at the hinge portion joining together the base ply and the top ply, thereby forming a hinge. A second adhesive material and a release coating are provided between the upper side of the base ply and the under side of the top ply at the release-reseal portion, wherein the release coating is substantially aligned with the second adhesive material when the label is sealed, thereby forming a release-reseal system. The second adhesive material is also provided about a perimeter of the label between the base ply and the top ply. A fugitive adhesive material may also be provided within the perimeter of the label.
In the drawings wherein like numerals are utilized to designate like parts throughout the same:
a is an exploded view illustrating the layered construction of the label of
b is a cross-sectional view through the label of
a is a cross-sectional view through a bottom-fed stack of prior art labels illustrating canoeing and pillowing effects.
b is a cross-sectional view through a bottom-fed stack of labels in accordance with the present invention illustrating the alleviation of canoeing and pillowing effects.
The detailed description contained herein in conjunction with the drawing figures presented is intended by way of example with respect to the inventive concept and is not intended to be limiting in any way. With this in mind,
Plies 12 and 18 each are preferably web-like materials, being compatible for use in an in-line web press manufacturing method for label 10. As used herein, “web-like materials” denotes any suitable material or combination hereof, including but not limited to paper, film, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene, foil, and ethylene vinyl acetate, whether clear, opaque, or metallized. These web-like materials for plies 12 and 18 (and ply 30, as will be described relative to
As best seen in
It is to be noted particularly with respect to the hinge that a consumer may, inadvertently, attempt to peel back or open an expanded content label at an incorrect location. The preferred hinge of the present invention is one that is strong enough to discourage and inhibit an inadvertent splitting apart of the plies of label 10.
With continued reference to
Intermediate the partial peripheral portion described by adhesive 28, and beyond hinge adhesive 24, lies an internal, middle, or central area 28m of base ply 12. Heretofore empty, as a further refinement to the preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an amount of a so-called “fugitive” adhesive material may be provided to this central area 28m within the perimeter of label 10 (e.g., within an area bounded by adhesive 28) on either ply 12 or 18. The fugitive adhesive material derives its name from fleeting adhesive qualities in which it serves to adhesively join plies 12 and 18 in interior portions thereof only slightly or temporarily. The fugitive adhesive is chosen such that upon application of the label to a container and subsequent initial opening thereof by a consumer, the fugitive adhesive ceases to adhere the plies together in any appreciable way. The material of the fugitive adhesive does, however, remain in place as a spacer material, while its adhesive character “escapes”. It is to be appreciated by those skilled in the label making arts, then, that the fugitive adhesive alleviates the afordescribed pillowing effect which is encountered with use of glue labeling equipment. Suitable fugitive adhesives are commercially available from, for example, RAD-CURE Corporation of Fairfield, N.J.
Adhesive materials 24, 28 and 28f may be in forms of continuous, discontinuous, or intermittent patterns. In this regard, it is only necessary (i) that adhesive material 24 (and the hinge in general) provides sufficient strength to securely bond plies 12 and 18 together, (ii) that adhesive material 28 (and the release-reseal system in general) provides sufficient tack to prevent unaided or unintentional opening of label 10, and (iii) that the pattern of adhesive material 28 be substantially aligned with release coating 26 when plies 12 and 18 are sealed.
One skilled in the art will recognize from the foregoing that several distinct classes or types of adhesive materials may be employed in label 10, namely, those that are characterized by pressure sensitivity and those that are not.
It is to be particularly appreciated that, as used herein, an adhesive that is not pressure sensitive is one that is solid or dry and tack-free or not sticky to the touch in its cured or final adhesive state, in bonding plies together. Such materials may be called non-pressure sensitive or dry-curing or solid-curing in this specification. Such materials lose any stickiness or tack when cured.
The class of dry-curing or solid-curing adhesives may be further characterized as including several types of adhesives having the required characteristics such as (i) any glues, (ii) non-pressure-sensitive adhesive materials including but not limited to heat seal adhesives, (iii) multiple part epoxies, (iv) chemical welding or bonding materials, and (v) mechanical fastening means, that all become dry or non-tacky after bonding objects together. In this regard, a universally accepted reference text, The Concise Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering (New York, 1990) states at page 35, with respect to dry-curing adhesive bonds: “Eventually, the adhesive must undergo a phase change, i.e., by cooling, solvent evaporation or reaction, to a solid in order for the [bonded] joint to acquire the necessary strength to resist shearing forces.”
The above refers to a phase change from liquid to a dry solid state. Adhesive materials used in hinge portion H of label 10, for example, may preferably be selected from dry-curing adhesives including hot melt adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, water-based adhesives, and UV(ultraviolet)-curable and EB(electron beam)-curable adhesives. Examples of preferred adhesive materials include UV-curable adhesives. UV-curable materials are well known and exemplified by a class of such materials available from RAD-CURE Corporation of Fairfield, N.J., including RAD-CURE 10PSLVA,B, for example.
The class of adhesives known as “pressure-sensitive” adhesives is contrasted with dry-curing adhesives in the next sentence of the aforecited reference text that reads: “A notable exception is the category of pressure-sensitive adhesives, where no phase change occurs.” This also describes the term “pressure-sensitive” as used herein. Such pressure-sensitive materials remain tacky or sticky to the touch. Adhesion may be modified (reduced) by providing deadening or detackifying overlayers, but the material does not solidify and remains, in effect, a viscous liquid to some degree. Under some conditions, pressure-sensitive adhesives can ooze from bonds made with them long after assembly. Generally, bonds between plies made using pressure-sensitive adhesives can be pulled apart without damage to the plies, whereas those made using dry-curing or tack-free-curing adhesives cannot. This is particularly true with respect to multiple-ply expanded content labels. It is also to be noted that label plies of an exclusively pressure-sensitive label construction may yield to moving and shifting forces due to the remaining ability to flow (e.g. ooze) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive material.
Within a class, preference of one such adhesive over another will particularly depend upon a drying or curing system of a given web press, along with materials composition and compatibility considerations.
It is also to be noted that although depicted in one configuration in the figures, the materials and coatings of label 10 may be applied to corresponding plies in any order, either separately, as one on each ply, or together as a combination on one ply. Thus, for example, adhesive material 24 may be applied to upper side 16 of base ply 12 and/or to under side 20 of top ply 18. Adhesive materials 28 and 28f may also be applied to upper side 16 of base ply 12 and/or to under side 20 of top ply 18, while release coating 26 may be applied, respectively, to under side 20 of top ply 18 and/or to upper side 16 of base ply 12. Second adhesive material 28 and fugitive adhesive material 28f may also be applied in any varying intermittent patterns about all or only a portion of the aforementioned areas of label 10 if desired.
As shown in
Turning, now, to
In either case, end 34 of intermediate ply 30 terminates before reaching second adhesive material 28 of the release-reseal system so that it is captured within label 10 when top ply 18 is held closed by the release-reseal system.
As can be seen in
Regardless of a given embodiment of label 10 discussed above, it is to be particularly appreciated that adhesive material 28 provided about the perimeter of label 10 is set back to some degree from edges of plies 12 and 18, to inhibit any occurrence of “adhesive ooze” that may be experienced when adhesive material 28 is a tacky pressure-sensitive viscous liquid adhesive. In this regard also, it is to be appreciated that if a pressure-sensitive adhesive is substituted for the preferred dry-curing first adhesive material 24, then there will be a higher likelihood of the occurrence of “adhesive ooze” and many problems attendant therewith. For example, a particular problem in a cut-and-stack operation, which incurs adhesive ooze, is that it can turn an entire stack of labels into an inoperative congealed mass. This is known in the art as “blocking” in dispensing, application, and use of label 10.
It is to be further appreciated that the aforedescribed features of (i) the perimeter adhesive, and (ii) the fugitive internal adhesive, either alone or in combination, give the expanded content label of the present invention all the desired dispensing and container application attributes of traditional single-ply glue labels by way of elimination of warping, canoeing, blocking, and pillowing effects. This is illustrated in
It is to be noted that the labels of the present invention may be created entirely in-line, in a roll-to-roll process, thereby assuring quality and low cost. Such in-line processes include any suitable multi-unit in-line presses such as narrow- or wide-web platform presses, whether flexographic, letterpress, gravure, screen, or offset. Such presses are commercially available from, for example, Comco International of Milford, Ohio, and Mark Andy Inc. of St. Louis, Mo.
Although a dry or solid-curing, or tack-free-curing adhesive has been disclosed herein as being preferred for adhesive material 24, it will be appreciated that a pressure-sensitive adhesive could, of course, be readily substituted, if observed, and may be used in certain embodiments.
Furthermore, it is to be understood that various materials may be substituted in construction of the labels of the present invention. In the preferred and exemplary embodiment herein, a paper base ply 12 and film top ply 18 was disclosed. A film top ply is preferred for its flexibility relative to curved or irregular container surfaces to be labeled, while a paper base ply is well suited for adhesion to a container by way of a conventional glue. However, paper could of course be substituted for film, and vice-versa, depending upon label cost parameters and other particular desires of a label customer. In the case of a film base ply, it is known to those skilled in the art that conventional glues used in glue labeling equipment do not adhere well thereto. In response to this problem, Krones AG of Neutraubling, Germany and Applied Extrusion Technologies, Inc. (AET Films) of Terre Haute, Ind., USA, have developed a technique for glue labeling equipment utilizing a liquid adhesive (analogous to a conventional glue) that is UV- or EB-cured or activated just prior to application thereby rendering a satisfactory pressure-sensitive type adhesive for attachment of the film to a non-porous container.
It will also be appreciated that as used here throughout and in the drawings, the terms “printing”, “graphics” and “coatings” include, but are not limited to, various printing media, adhesives, hot melts, varnishes, inks, release coatings, etc.
The invention has been described herein in considerable detail in order to comply with the patent statutes and to provide those skilled in the art with the information needed to apply the novel principles and to construct and use such specialized components as are required. However, it is to be understood that the invention can be carried out by specifically different equipment and devices, and that various modifications, both as to the equipment and operating procedures, can be accomplished without departing from the scope of the invention itself.
For example, it will be appreciated that any of the aforedescribed graphics, coatings, materials, and release-reseal systems may be selectively provided in any suitable combination on labels constructed according to the present invention, for a particular desired use. Thus, in
It is also to be understood in general that any suitable alternatives may be employed to provide the glue-applied resealable expanded content label of the present invention.
Lastly, the choice, of course, of compositions, sizes, and strengths of various aforementioned components of the label of the present invention are all a matter of design choice depending upon intended uses thereof.
This patent application is a Continuation-in-Part of application Ser. No. 10/294,111 filed Nov. 13, 2002 and further claims the benefit of a filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/338,154, filed Nov. 13, 2001, and entitled “GLUE-APPLIED RESEALBLE EXTENDED TEXT LABELS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF”, the entire contents thereof being incorporated herein by reference thereto.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10294111 | Nov 2002 | US |
Child | 11105675 | Apr 2005 | US |