Patent Application
20240374965
The present invention relates to golf balls, and more particularly, to golf balls having modified dimples that improve symmetric performance.
Golf balls generally include a spherical outer surface with a plurality of dimples formed thereon. The dimples on a golf ball improve the aerodynamic characteristics of a golf ball and, therefore, golf ball manufacturers have researched dimple patterns, shape, volume, and cross-section in order to improve the aerodynamic performance of a golf ball. Determining specific dimple arrangements and dimple shapes that result in an aerodynamic advantage requires an understanding of how a golf ball travels through air.
When a golf ball travels through the air, the air surrounding the ball has different velocities and, thus, different pressures. The air develops a thin boundary layer adjacent to the ball's outer surface. The air exerts maximum pressure at a stagnation point on the front of the ball. The air then flows over the sides of the ball and has increased velocity and reduced pressure. The air separates from the surface of the ball at a top and a bottom separation point, leaving a large turbulent flow area called the wake that has low pressure. The difference in the high pressure in front of the ball and the low pressure behind the ball slows the ball down. This is the primary source of drag, which is the air resistance that acts on the golf ball in the direction opposite the ball's flight direction.
The dimples on a golf ball cause the thin boundary layer to flow in a turbulent manner. Rather than flowing in smooth, continuous layers (i.e., a laminar boundary layer), this turbulent boundary layer has a microscopic pattern of fluctuations and randomized flow. It is the circumference of each dimple, where the dimple wall drops away from the outer surface of the ball, which actually creates the turbulence in the boundary layer. The turbulence energizes the boundary layer and helps move the separation points further backward, so that the layer stays attached further along the ball's outer surface. As a result, there is a reduction in the area of the wake, increasing the average pressure behind the ball, and a substantial reduction in drag.
The shape of each dimple is also important in optimizing lift, which is an upward force on the ball that is created by a difference in pressure between the top of the ball and the bottom of the ball. This difference in pressure is created by a warp in the air flow that results from the ball's backspin. Due to the backspin, the top of the ball moves in the direction of the airflow, which shifts the top separation point to a location further backward. Conversely, the bottom of the ball moves against the air flow, which moves the bottom separation point forward. This asymmetrical separation creates an arch in the flow pattern that requires the air that flows over the top of the ball to move faster than the air that flows along the bottom of the ball. As a result, the air above the ball is at a lower pressure than the air underneath the ball. This pressure difference results in the overall force, called lift, which is exerted upwardly on the ball.
By using dimples to decrease drag and increase lift, almost every golf ball manufacturer has increased their golf ball flight distances. However, a golf ball must meet certain standards in order to be included on the official Conforming Golf Balls List (the “List”) produced by the United States Golf Association and The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland, the two ruling bodies for the game of golf. Inclusion on the List is important for the commercial success of a golf ball, because it is a requirement for use in competitive golf, and because, even for recreational golf, most serious players won't use a ball unless it appears on the List.
One of the standards, commonly referred to as the “Symmetry Rule,” specifies that a ball must fly essentially the same distance and for essentially the same amount of time regardless of how it is oriented when struck by the golf club. It is important for a ball to have this property not only for inclusion on the List, but also to ensure consistent performance in use. If a ball flies farther when oriented in a certain way, it would cause the golfer to hit the ball farther than intended if the ball happened to be oriented that way before being struck. Commercial golf balls may fly differently in particular orientations, mostly due to asymmetry in the dimple pattern resulting from the inclusion of a straight dimple-free path around the equator of the ball. This path, or “parting line” or “great circle” was necessary to provide a place for the two halves of the mold to separate during the molding process. The effect was worsened by abrasive buffing that was performed on the parting line to remove flash and other molding artifacts. It was discovered that the effect could be minimized or eliminated by altering a group of dimples centered at the pole of each hemisphere, usually by making them shallower.
Seamless balls have been developed which use a corrugated or staggered parting line that weaves around the dimples to disguise its presence and minimize the disruption to the dimple pattern. Although it was believed that this type of parting line would improve symmetry of flight, it was found that seamless balls do not always display satisfactory symmetrical flight performance.
Using modified dimples in polar regions of seamless golf balls has been proposed as a means of improving symmetry, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0240473, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball comprising dimples on the outermost surface thereof. The dimples have a catenary cross-sectional shape and consist of a majority of unmodified dimples and a plurality of modified dimples. The modified dimples are arranged in two or more groups, each group forming an axially symmetric pattern about a different geometric center. Each modified dimple has a shape factor that is from 10% to 60% different than that of the unmodified dimples and/or a chord depth that is from 0.0002 inches to 0.0010 inches different than that of the unmodified dimples.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball comprising a plurality of dimples on the outermost surface thereof. The golf ball consists of two hemispheres. Each hemisphere consists of two first regions and two second regions. The two first regions have an identical first dimple pattern. The two second regions have an identical second dimple pattern. Each of the first dimple pattern and the second dimple pattern comprises a plurality of unmodified dimples having a circular plan shape and at least one modified dimple having a non-circular plan shape.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball having dimples on the outermost surface thereof, wherein the dimples consist of a majority of unmodified dimples having the same edge angle, and a plurality of modified dimples having an edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. The modified dimples are arranged in a plurality of modified dimple groups, each group forming an axially symmetric pattern about a different geometric center located on a non-polar axis of the ball. The axially symmetric patterns formed by the modified dimple groups include at least two different patterns. The golf ball consists of four quarter-spheres, each quarter-sphere comprising at least two modified dimple groups.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball having dimples on the outermost surface thereof, wherein the dimples consist of a majority of unmodified dimples having the same edge angle, and a plurality of modified dimples having an edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. The modified dimples are arranged in two or more groups, each group forming an axially symmetric pattern about a different geometric center located on a non-polar axis of the ball. The difference in diameter between any two modified dimples within a single modified dimple group is 0.020 inches or less.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball having dimples on the outermost surface thereof, wherein the dimples consist of a majority of unmodified dimples having the same edge angle, and a plurality of modified dimples having an edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. The modified dimples are arranged in a plurality of modified dimple groups, each group consisting of modified dimples forming an axially symmetric pattern about a different geometric center located on a non-polar axis of the ball. The golf ball consists of two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns, each hemisphere comprising at least three modified dimple groups. Each of the plurality of modified dimple groups consists of modified dimples having at least two different diameters.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball having dimples on the outermost surface thereof, wherein the dimples consist of a majority of unmodified dimples and a plurality of modified dimples. The modified dimples are arranged in a plurality of modified dimple groups, each group consisting of modified dimples forming an axially symmetric pattern about a different geometric center located on a non-polar axis of the ball. The golf ball consists of two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns, each hemisphere consisting three modified dimple groups. The axially symmetric pattern formed by each of the modified dimple groups includes a modified dimple having a center that is coincident with the geometric center of the pattern. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples are spherical dimples and the unmodified and modified dimples are distinguishable based on edge angle. Thus, in this particular aspect, the majority of the dimples are unmodified dimples having the same edge angle, and each of the modified dimples has an edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples are catenary dimples and the unmodified and modified dimples are distinguishable based on shape factor. Thus, in this particular aspect, the majority of the dimples are unmodified dimples having the same shape factor, and each of the modified dimples has a shape factor that is at least 10% greater than or less than the shape factor of the unmodified dimples. In another particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples are catenary dimples and the unmodified and modified dimples are distinguishable based on chord depth. Thus, in this particular aspect, the majority of the dimples are unmodified dimples having the same chord depth, and each of the modified dimples has a chord depth that is at least 0.0002 inches greater than or less than the chord depth of the unmodified dimples.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball comprising a plurality of dimples forming an overall dimple pattern on the outermost surface thereof. The golf ball consists of two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns, each hemisphere consisting of two first regions and two second regions. The two first regions have an identical first dimple pattern and the two second regions have an identical second dimple pattern, the first dimple pattern being different from the second dimple pattern. Each of the first dimple pattern and the second dimple pattern consists of a majority of unmodified dimples having the same edge angle and a plurality of modified dimples having an edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. The plurality of modified dimples of the first dimple pattern form a first axially symmetric pattern about a first geometric center, the plurality of modified dimples of the second dimple pattern form a second axially symmetric pattern about a second geometric center, the first axially symmetric pattern being different from the second axially symmetric pattern. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, a first reference circle circumscribing the plurality of modified dimples of the first dimple pattern has a diameter of greater than 0.875 inches and a second reference circle circumscribing the plurality of modified dimples of the second dimple pattern has a diameter of greater than 0.875 inches. In another particular aspect of this embodiment, a first reference circle circumscribing the plurality of modified dimples of the first dimple pattern has a diameter of greater than 0.850 inches and a second reference circle circumscribing the plurality of modified dimples of the second dimple pattern has a diameter of greater than 0.850 inches; optionally, the modified dimples of the first dimple pattern have substantially the same diameter and/or the modified dimples of the second dimple pattern have substantially the same diameter.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball comprising a plurality of dimples forming an overall dimple pattern on the outermost surface thereof. The golf ball consists of two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns, each hemisphere consisting of two first regions and two second regions. The two first regions have an identical first dimple pattern and the two second regions have an identical second dimple pattern, the first dimple pattern being different from the second dimple pattern. Each of the first dimple pattern and the second dimple pattern consists of a majority of unmodified dimples having the same edge angle and a plurality of modified dimples having an edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. The plurality of modified dimples of the first dimple pattern form a first axially symmetric pattern about a first geometric center, and the plurality of modified dimples of the second dimple pattern form a second axially symmetric pattern about a second geometric center. Optionally, the first axially symmetric pattern is different from the second axially symmetric pattern. Each modified dimple of the first dimple pattern is nearest neighbors with another modified dimple of the first dimple pattern. Each modified dimple of the second dimple pattern is nearest neighbors with another modified dimple of the second dimple pattern.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball comprising a plurality of dimples forming an overall dimple pattern on the outermost surface thereof. The golf ball consists of two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns, each hemisphere consisting of two first regions and two second regions. The two first regions have an identical first dimple pattern and the two second regions have an identical second dimple pattern, the first dimple pattern being different from the second dimple pattern. Each of the first dimple pattern and the second dimple pattern consists of a majority of unmodified dimples having the same edge angle and a plurality of modified dimples having an edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. The plurality of modified dimples of the first dimple pattern form a first axially symmetric pattern about a first geometric center, and the plurality of modified dimples of the second dimple pattern form a second axially symmetric pattern about a second geometric center. Each modified dimple of the first dimple pattern is nearest neighbors with another modified dimple of the first dimple pattern, and at least one modified dimple of the first dimple pattern is nearest neighbors with two or more modified dimples of the first dimple pattern. Each modified dimple of the second dimple pattern is nearest neighbors with another modified dimple of the second dimple pattern.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball comprising a plurality of dimples forming an overall dimple pattern on the outermost surface thereof. The golf ball consists of two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns, each hemisphere consisting of two first regions and two second regions. The two first regions have an identical first dimple pattern and the two second regions have an identical second dimple pattern, the first dimple pattern being different from the second dimple pattern. Each of the first dimple pattern and the second dimple pattern consists of a majority of unmodified dimples and a plurality of modified dimples. The plurality of modified dimples of the first dimple pattern form a first axially symmetric pattern about a first geometric center, the plurality of modified dimples of the second dimple pattern form a second axially symmetric pattern about a second geometric center. A first reference circle circumscribing the plurality of modified dimples of the first dimple pattern has a diameter of greater than 0.850 inches, and a second reference circle circumscribing the plurality of modified dimples of the second dimple pattern has a diameter of greater than 0.850 inches. Optionally, the modified dimples within the first dimple pattern have substantially the same diameter and/or the modified dimples within the second dimple pattern have substantially the same diameter.
Optionally, the number of modified dimples of the first dimple pattern is equal to the number of modified dimples of the second dimple pattern. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples are spherical dimples and the unmodified and modified dimples are distinguishable based on edge angle. Thus, in this particular aspect, the majority of the dimples are unmodified dimples having the same edge angle, and each of the modified dimples has an edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples are catenary dimples and the unmodified and modified dimples are distinguishable based on shape factor. Thus, in this particular aspect, the majority of the dimples are unmodified dimples having the same shape factor, and each of the modified dimples has a shape factor that is at least 10% greater than or less than the shape factor of the unmodified dimples. In another particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples are catenary dimples and the unmodified and modified dimples are distinguishable based on chord depth. Thus, in this particular aspect, the majority of the dimples are unmodified dimples having the same chord depth, and each of the modified dimples has a chord depth that is at least 0.0002 inches greater than or less than the chord depth of the unmodified dimples.
In one aspect, the present invention focuses on merging two different types of edge angle modifications for a tetrahedron pattern to improve the symmetry of a golf ball's aerodynamic performance, among other advantages. By combining two techniques (i.e., modifying dimples along the parting line and by modifying dimples near the geometric center of the face of each region) to improve the flight symmetry, the present disclosure increases the quantity of modified dimple groups, thereby allowing for alternative permutations of edge angle adjustment and providing an opportunity for further refinement of symmetrical flight performance. Stated differently, a more refined technique for fine tuning symmetrical flight performance is achieved.
In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball comprising a plurality of dimples forming an overall dimple pattern on the outermost surface of the golf ball. The golf ball can consist of two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns, each hemisphere consisting of two first regions and two second regions. The two first regions can have an identical first dimple pattern and the two second regions can have an identical second dimple pattern, and the first dimple pattern is different from the second dimple pattern. Each of the first dimple pattern and the second dimple pattern consists of: a majority of unmodified spherical dimples having the same edge angle, and a plurality of modified spherical dimples. The plurality of modified spherical dimples can include: a first type of modified spherical dimples having a first modified edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified spherical dimples, and a second type of modified spherical dimples having a second modified edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified spherical dimples. The plurality of modified spherical dimples can be comprised of: (a) a first plurality of modified dimples of the first type forming a first axially symmetric pattern about a first geometric center, (b) a first plurality of modified dimples of the second type forming a second axially symmetric pattern about the first geometric center, (c) a second plurality of modified dimples of the first type forming a third axially symmetric pattern about a second geometric center, and (d) a second plurality of modified dimples of the second type forming a fourth axially symmetric pattern about the second geometric center.
In one aspect, at least four distinct modified dimple groups can be provided. Likewise, at least four distinct modified dimples can be provided, which can vary from the unmodified dimples due to differences in an edge angle, in one aspect. In another aspect, the at least four distinct modified dimples can each have a unique edge angle as compared to the other modified dimples. In one aspect, the modified dimples include a first modified dimple having a first edge angle and a first dimple diameter, a second modified dimple having a second edge angle and a second dimple diameter, a third modified dimple having a third edge angle and a third dimple diameter, and a fourth modified dimple having a fourth edge angle and a fourth dimple diameter. In one aspect, the first and third edge angles can be identical and the second and fourth edge angles can be identical. In one aspect, the first, second, and third dimple diameters can be identical and the fourth dimple diameter can be different. In one aspect, the second and fourth dimple diameters can be identical, and the first dimple diameter can be different and the third dimple diameter can be different. In one aspect, each of the first, second, third, and fourth edge angles can be different from each other. In one aspect, each of the first, second, third, and fourth dimple diameters can be different from each other. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the quantity of modified dimple groups can vary.
In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type (i.e., the first modified edge angle) and the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type (i.e., the second modified edge angle) can be the same. In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the modified dimples of the first and second types can be greater than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the modified dimples of the first and second types can be less than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples.
In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type and the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be different. In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be greater than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be less than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type is greater than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be less than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be greater than the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be less than the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type.
In one aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples. In another aspect, the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples.
In another aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples, the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples, and the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type and the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same.
In another aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples, the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples, and the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type and the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be different.
In one aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples. In one aspect, the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type are the same diameter dimples.
In another aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples, the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples, and the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type and the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same.
In another aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples, the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples, and the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type and the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be different.
In yet another aspect, at least one of (i) the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type or (ii) the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same as the dimple diameter of one of the pluralities of modified dimples of the first type.
In one aspect, a first reference circle circumscribes the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type, a second reference circle circumscribes the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type, a third reference circle circumscribes the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type, and a fourth reference circle circumscribes the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type.
In one aspect, a first reference circle circumscribing the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can have a diameter that is not greater than 0.800 inches. In another aspect, a second reference circle circumscribing the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can have a diameter that is at least 0.850 inches. In another aspect, a third reference circle circumscribing the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can have a diameter that is not greater than 0.800 inches. In yet another aspect, a fourth reference circle circumscribing the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can have a diameter that is at least 0.850 inches.
In one aspect, the first and third reference circles have a diameter that is not greater than 0.800 inches and the second and fourth reference circles have a diameter that is at least 0.850 inches.
In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith, and in which like reference numerals are used to indicate like parts in the various views:
While the present invention is not meant to be limited by any particular pattern of the overall dimple arrangement, golf balls of the present invention preferably have an overall dimple pattern formed by generating one or more domains from a polyhedron, and tessellating the domain(s) over the ball, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0113187, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. By arranging dimples in this manner, the symmetry of the underlying polyhedron is preserved and great circles due to parting lines are eliminated. The resulting overall dimple pattern has multiple axes of symmetry, typically including a polar symmetry axis and multiple non-polar symmetry axes. For purposes of the present disclosure, the symmetry axes are lines about which the overall dimple pattern can be rotated through some angle smaller than 360° which brings the pattern to a new orientation which appears identical to its starting position. The symmetry axes of an overall dimple pattern on a golf ball necessarily intersect at a common point at the center of the ball.
Golf balls of the present invention include, on each hemisphere of the ball, at least one modified dimple group having a geometric center, also referred to herein as a Correction Area Centroid (“CAC”), located on one of the multiple axes of symmetry in the overall dimple pattern, preferably a non-polar axis of symmetry. In one embodiment, golf balls of the present invention include at least one modified dimple group on each quarter-sphere of the ball. In another embodiment, golf balls of the present invention include at least two modified dimple groups on each quarter-sphere of the ball. In another embodiment, each hemisphere of the ball comprises at least three modified dimple groups, each of the modified dimple groups having a geometric center located on one of the multiple axes of symmetry in the overall dimple pattern, preferably non-polar axes of symmetry. In another embodiment, each hemisphere of the ball consists of three modified dimple groups, each of the modified dimple groups having a geometric center located on one of the multiple axes of symmetry in the overall dimple pattern.
The CAC of each group may fall within an unmodified dimple, a modified dimple, or on the land area of the golf ball surface.
Preferably, the modified dimple groups are located such that the CAC of each group is located at a latitude angle (“(CAC”) of greater than 0°, or greater than 5°, or greater than 15°, or greater than 30°, or 45° or greater, or greater than 45°, or 50° or greater, or at a QCAC within a range having a lower limit of 5° or 15° or 30° or 35° or 40° or 45° and an upper limit of 55° or 60° or 65° or 75° or 80° or 90°, where 0° represents the hemispherical pole and 90° represents the equator.
Modified dimple groups of the present invention include groups of one or more modified dimples. For purposes of the present invention, the term “modified” means altered from the typical configuration based on the overall pattern of dimples on the ball, and the term “dimple” includes any texturizing on the surface of a golf ball, e.g., depressions and projections, which may have a variety of planform shapes, including, but not limited to, circular, polygonal, oval, or irregular shapes, and a variety of cross-sectional shapes, including, but not limited to, circular, catenary, elliptical, or conical shapes.
The approximate total number of dimples to be modified and the location of the modified dimple groups on the outermost surface of the ball are determined based on the flight performance of the ball prior to modifying dimples and the desired flight performance of the final product. Preferably, the same modifications are performed on both hemispheres of the ball, i.e., the ball consists of identical hemispheres. In a particular embodiment, the same modifications are performed on all four quarter-spheres of the ball. In another particular embodiment, each hemisphere can be divided into three identical regions, with the same modifications performed on each region.
The pattern of each modified dimple group can vary substantially, and the present invention is not meant to be limited by any particular pattern. Preferably, each modified dimple group has a pattern that is axially symmetric, i.e., symmetric about the axis of symmetry containing the group's CAC. In embodiments of the present invention wherein each hemisphere includes two or more modified dimple groups, the pattern formed by one group can be the same as or different than the pattern formed by another group within the hemisphere, and the dimple count among modified dimple groups having different patterns may be the same or different. Similarly, in embodiments of the present invention wherein each quarter-sphere includes two or more modified dimple groups, the pattern formed by one group can be the same as or different than the pattern formed by another group within the quarter-sphere, and the dimple count among modified dimple groups having different patterns may be the same or different. Thus, in one embodiment, each quarter-sphere of the ball comprises at least two modified dimple groups, including at least two different patterns within each quarter-sphere. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, the modified dimple groups have one or more of the following properties:
In a particular aspect of embodiments of the present invention wherein the dimple count among modified dimple groups is different, the difference in dimple count between any two modified dimple groups is four dimples or less, or three dimples or less, or two dimples or less, or the difference is one dimple.
In one embodiment, each modified dimple group is circumscribed by a circle having a diameter of no greater than 0.875 inches, or no greater than 0.800 inches, or no greater than 0.750 inches, or no greater than 0.600 inches. In another embodiment, one or more modified dimple groups is circumscribed by a circle having a diameter of greater than 0.850 inches, or greater than 0.875 inches, or 0.900 inches or greater, or 1.000 inches or greater, or 1.100 inches or greater. In another embodiment, one modified dimple group is circumscribed by a circle having a diameter of 0.900 inches or greater, and another modified dimple group is circumscribed by a circle having a diameter of 1.100 inches or greater. In another embodiment, each modified dimple group is circumscribed by a circle having a diameter of greater than 0.850 inches, and the dimples optionally have one or more of the following additional properties:
For purposes of the present invention, the “circle circumscribing a modified dimple group” (or “reference circle circumscribing a plurality of modified dimples”) refers to the circle having the smallest diameter that is drawn around all of the modified dimples in the group without cutting any of the modified dimples and has a point of tangency with at least one of the modified dimples. Similarly, for purposes of the present invention, the “reference circle inscribing a plurality of modified dimples” refers to the circle having the largest diameter that is drawn within all of the modified dimples in the group without cutting any of the modified dimples and has a point of tangency with at least one of the modified dimples. It should be understood that these circumscribing and inscribing circles are reference circles relating to the positioning of the modified dimples, and do not appear on the final golf ball. In embodiments of the present invention where a modified dimple group consists of a single dimple, the diameter of the circle circumscribing the modified dimple group is equal to the diameter of the modified dimple.
In a particular embodiment, among modified dimple groups having different patterns, the difference between the diameter of the circle circumscribing one modified dimple group and the diameter of the circle circumscribing another modified dimple group having a different pattern, excluding modified dimple groups consisting of one dimple, is 0.200 inches or less. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, the circles circumscribing the modified dimples groups have substantially the same diameter such that the ratio of the diameters is from 0.90 to 1.10. In another particular embodiment, among modified dimple groups having different patterns, the difference between the diameter of the circle circumscribing one modified dimple group and the diameter of the circle circumscribing all other modified dimple groups having a different pattern, excluding modified dimple groups consisting of one dimple, is 0.200 inches or less. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, all of the circles circumscribing the modified dimples groups on the ball, excluding modified dimple groups consisting of one dimple, have substantially the same diameter such that the ratio of the diameters is from 0.90 to 1.10.
In another particular embodiment, among modified dimple groups having different patterns, the ratio of the surface area of the fret of one modified dimple group to the surface area of the fret of another modified dimple group having a different pattern, excluding modified dimple groups consisting of one dimple, is 0.80 or 0.90 or 1.10 or 1.25 or is within a range having a lower limit and an upper limit selected from these values. In another particular embodiment, among modified dimple groups having different patterns, the ratio of the surface area of the fret of one modified dimple group to the surface area of the fret of all other modified dimple groups having a different pattern, excluding modified dimple groups consisting of one dimple, is 0.80 or 0.90 or 1.10 or 1.25 or is within a range having a lower limit and an upper limit selected from these values. For purposes of the present invention, the “surface area of the fret of a modified dimple group” refers to the surface area of the golf ball not covered by dimples within the circle circumscribing the modified dimple group.
In another particular embodiment, the ratio of the average surface volume of the dimples in one modified dimple group to the average surface volume of the dimples in another modified dimple group is 0.60 or 0.80 or 1.25 or 1.67 or is within a range having a lower limit and an upper limit selected from these values. In another particular embodiment, the ratio of the average surface volume of the dimples in one modified dimple group to the average surface volume of the dimples in all other modified dimple groups is 0.60 or 0.80 or 1.25 or 1.67 or is within a range having a lower limit and an upper limit selected from these values.
In another embodiment, each modified dimple is nearest neighbors with at least one other modified dimple of the same modified dimple group. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, at least one modified dimple of one modified dimple group is nearest neighbors with two or more modified dimples of the same modified dimple group. For purposes of the present disclosure, nearest neighbor dimples are determined according to the following method. A reference dimple and a potential nearest neighbor dimple are selected such that the reference dimple has substantially the same diameter or a smaller diameter than the potential nearest neighbor dimple. Two tangency lines are drawn from the center of the reference dimple to the potential nearest neighbor dimple. A line segment is then drawn connecting the center of the reference dimple to the center of the potential nearest neighbor dimple. If the two tangency lines and the line segment do not intersect any other dimple edges, then those dimples are considered to be nearest neighbors. For example, as shown in
While the degree of dimple modification depends on the ball's overall dimple pattern and the total number of dimples, the total number of modified dimples is preferably ¼ of the total number of dimples or less.
The modified dimples can be altered in any suitable manner, including, but not limited to, modifying diameter, depth, volume, edge angle, edge radius, cross-sectional shape, perimeter shape, and any combination of two or more thereof.
In a particular embodiment, the majority of the unmodified dimples have a catenary cross-sectional shape and each of the modified dimples has a catenary cross-sectional shape, wherein each of the modified dimples has a shape factor and/or a chord depth that is different than the shape factor and/or chord depth of the catenary-shaped unmodified dimples. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, each modified dimple has a shape factor that is at least 10%, or at least 20%, different than that of the unmodified dimples, or a shape factor that is from 10% or 20% or 25% to 45% or 50% or 60% different than that of the unmodified dimples. Each modified dimple can have the same shape factor or a different shape factor than the other modified dimples. The shape factor is an independent variable in the mathematical function that defines a catenary dimple cross-sectional shape, as further disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,796,912 to Dalton et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,163,472 to Dalton et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,491,137 to Bissonnette et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 7,887,439 to Aoyama et al., the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. In another particular aspect of this embodiment, each modified dimple has a chord depth that is at least 0.0001 inches, or at least 0.0002 inches, different than that of the unmodified dimples, or a chord depth that is from 0.0001 inches or 0.0002 inches to 0.0005 inches or 0.0010 inches different than that of the unmodified dimples. Each modified dimple can have the same chord depth or a different chord depth than the other modified dimples.
In another particular embodiment, a majority of the dimples (i.e., the unmodified dimples) have the same edge angle and a plurality of the dimples (i.e., the modified dimples) have an edge angle that is from 1° to 4°, or from 1° to 3°, different than the edge angle of the majority of the dimples. For purposes of the present invention, dimples have the “same edge angle” if their respective edge angles differ by no more than 0.2°. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples have one or more of the following properties:
In another particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples have one or more of the following properties:
In another particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples have one or more of the following properties:
For purposes of the present disclosure, the modified group area (AGROUP) of a modified dimple group is defined by the following equation:
A
GROUP
=A
C
−A
I
where AC is the area of a reference circle circumscribing the modified dimple group and AI is the area of a reference circle inscribing the modified dimple group.
In another particular embodiment, the overall dimple pattern includes at least three different dimple diameters, including a minimum dimple diameter, a maximum dimple diameter, and at least one additional dimple diameter, and consists of a majority of unmodified dimples having the same edge angle and a plurality of modified dimples having an edge angle that is from 1° to 4°, or from 1° to 3°, different than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In a particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples optionally have one or more of the following additional properties:
In another particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples optionally have one or more of the following additional properties:
In another particular aspect of this embodiment, the dimples optionally have one or more of the following additional properties:
In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a golf ball comprising a plurality of dimples forming an overall dimple pattern on the outermost surface of the golf ball. The golf ball can consist of two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns, each hemisphere consisting of two first regions and two second regions. The two first regions can have an identical first dimple pattern and the two second regions can have an identical second dimple pattern, and the first dimple pattern is different from the second dimple pattern. Each of the first dimple pattern and the second dimple pattern consists of: a majority of unmodified spherical dimples having the same edge angle, and a plurality of modified spherical dimples. The plurality of modified spherical dimples can include: a first type of modified spherical dimples having a modified edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified spherical dimples, and a second type of modified spherical dimples having a modified edge angle that is from 1° to 4° different than the edge angle of the unmodified spherical dimples. The plurality of modified spherical dimples can be comprised of: (a) a first plurality of modified dimples of the first type forming a first axially symmetric pattern about a first geometric center, (b) a first plurality of modified dimples of the second type forming a second axially symmetric pattern about the first geometric center, (c) a second plurality of modified dimples of the first type forming a third axially symmetric pattern about a second geometric center, and (d) a second plurality of modified dimples of the second type forming a fourth axially symmetric pattern about the second geometric center.
In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type and the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same. In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the modified dimples of the first and second types can be greater than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the modified dimples of the first and second types can be less than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples.
In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type and the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be different. In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be greater than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be less than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In one aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type is greater than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be less than the edge angle of the unmodified dimples. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be greater than the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type. In another aspect, the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be less than the modified edge angle of the plurality of modified dimples of the second type.
In one aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples. In another aspect, the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples.
In another aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples, the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples, and the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type and the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same.
In another aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples, the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be the same diameter dimples, and the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type and the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can be different.
In one aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples. In one aspect, the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type are the same diameter dimples.
In another aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples, the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples, and the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type and the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same.
In another aspect, the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples, the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same diameter dimples, and the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type and the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be different.
In yet another aspect, at least one of (i) the dimple diameter of the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type or (ii) the dimple diameter of the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can be the same as the dimple diameter of one of the pluralities of modified dimples of the first type.
In one aspect, a first reference circle circumscribing the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can have a diameter that is not greater than 0.800 inches. In one aspect, a first reference circle circumscribing the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can have a diameter that is not greater than 0.700 inches. In one aspect, a first reference circle circumscribing the first plurality of modified dimples of the first type can have a diameter that is not greater than 0.600 inches.
In another aspect, a second reference circle circumscribing the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can have a diameter that is at least 0.850 inches. In another aspect, a second reference circle circumscribing the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can have a diameter that is at least 0.925 inches. In another aspect, a second reference circle circumscribing the first plurality of modified dimples of the second type can have a diameter that is at least 1.000 inches.
In another aspect, a third reference circle circumscribing the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can have a diameter that is not greater than 0.800 inches. In another aspect, a third reference circle circumscribing the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can have a diameter that is not greater than 0.650 inches. In another aspect, a third reference circle circumscribing the second plurality of modified dimples of the first type can have a diameter that is not greater than 0.500 inches.
In yet another aspect, a fourth reference circle circumscribing the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can have a diameter that is at least 0.850 inches. In one aspect, a fourth reference circle circumscribing the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can have a diameter that is at least 0.975 inches. In one aspect, a fourth reference circle circumscribing the second plurality of modified dimples of the second type can have a diameter that is at least 1.050 inches.
In another particular embodiment, one or more dimple groups are modified in such a way as to make them less aggressive aerodynamically, such as by reducing dimple diameter, depth, volume, and/or edge angle. In another particular embodiment, one or more dimple groups are modified in such a way as to make them more aerodynamically aggressive, such as by increasing edge angle, volume, and/or by adding sub-dimples, i.e., dimples within a dimple. Sub-dimples are further disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,569,038, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The modified dimples can retain essentially the same appearance as or can be visually different from the unmodified dimples. Alterations that typically, but do not necessarily, result in modified dimples that retain essentially the same appearance as the unmodified dimples include, but are not limited to, changes to the dimple edge angle, depth, and volume, moderate changes to the cross-sectional profile, and moderate changes to the shape factor of catenary dimples. Alterations that typically, but do not necessarily, result in modified dimples that are visually different from the unmodified dimples include, but are not limited to, changes to the dimple diameter, plan shape and size, substantial changes to the cross-sectional profile, and substantial changes to the shape factor of catenary dimples. Dimples of the present invention having a modified depth preferably have a depth that is not greater than 90%, more preferably not greater than 80%, of the thickness of the outermost layer of the golf ball. Some dimples may be removed from the pattern by reducing their volume by about 100% to about zero. In this embodiment, by virtue of the types or magnitudes of the changes, the modified dimples are visually different from the unmodified dimples.
In embodiments of the present invention wherein each hemisphere includes two or more modified dimple groups, the dimples of one group may be altered in the same manner as or a different manner than another. Similarly, one dimple may be altered in the same or a different way than another dimple in the same dimple group.
Referring now to the figures,
In a particular aspect of the embodiment shown in
In a particular aspect of the embodiment shown in
In
In
In a particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In a particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In a particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In a particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In another particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In another particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In another particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In a particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In another particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In another particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In another particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In another particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In one aspect, the golf ball includes unmodified dimples and modified dimples. In one aspect, a majority of the total dimples are unmodified dimples, and a remainder of the total dimples are modified dimples. In one aspect, the modified dimples have a different edge angle than the unmodified dimples. In one specific aspect, the unmodified dimples have an edge angle of 13.25°.
The ball can be divided into two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns; each hemisphere can be divided into three regions having identical dimple patterns; and each region has a modified dimple group identical to the group of modified dimples within areas defined within a certain reference circle 1608, 1610, 1708, 1710 about a respective CAC 1606, 1706.
In one aspect, an unmodified dimple can have a center that is coincident with the CAC 1706. In one aspect, the CAC 1606 can be defined in a land surface, and the CAC 1606 can be positioned away from any unmodified dimples.
More specifically,
Referring to the modified dimples in the first regions 1600, in one aspect, a first plurality of modified dimples of a first type includes dimples 1602, and a first plurality of modified dimples of a second type includes dimples 1604.
Referring to the modified dimples in the second regions 1700, in one aspect, a first plurality of modified dimples of a first type includes dimples 1702, and a first plurality of the modified dimples of a second type includes dimples 1704.
In a particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
As used in Table 7 below, the term modified dimple group 1608 corresponds to modified dimples 1602, the term modified dimple group 1610 corresponds to modified dimples 1604, the term modified dimple group 1708 corresponds to modified dimples 1702, and the term modified dimple group 1710 corresponds to modified dimples 1704.
In one aspect, the modified dimple group 1608 includes three modified dimples 1602. In one aspect, the modified dimple group 1610 includes six modified dimples 1604. In one aspect, the modified dimple group 1708 includes six modified dimples 1702. In one aspect, the modified dimple group 1710 includes six modified dimples 1704.
In one aspect, the golf ball includes unmodified dimples and modified dimples. In one aspect, a majority of the total dimples are unmodified dimples, and a remainder of the total dimples are modified dimples. In one aspect, the modified dimples have a different edge angle than the unmodified dimples. In one specific aspect, the unmodified dimples have an edge angle of 13.25°.
The ball can be divided into two hemispheres having identical dimple patterns; each hemisphere can be divided into three regions having identical dimple patterns; and each region has a modified dimple group identical to the group of modified dimples within areas defined within a certain reference circle 1808, 1810, 1908, 1910 about a respective CAC 1806, 1906.
In one aspect, the CAC 1806 can be defined in a land surface, and the CAC 1806 can be positioned away from any unmodified dimples and modified dimples. In one aspect, the CAC 1806 is positioned between three modified dimples (i.e., dimples 1802).
In one aspect, the CAC 1906 can be defined in a land surface, and the CAC 1906 can be positioned away from any unmodified dimples and modified dimples. In one aspect, the CAC 1906 is positioned between three modified dimples (i.e., dimples 1902).
More specifically,
Referring to the modified dimples in the first regions 1800, in one aspect, a first plurality of modified dimples of a first type includes dimples 1802, and a first plurality of modified dimples of a second type includes dimples 1804.
Referring to the modified dimples in the second regions 1900, in one aspect, a first plurality of modified dimples of a first type includes dimples 1902, and a first plurality of the modified dimples of a second type includes dimples 1904.
In a particular embodiment of the dimple pattern illustrated in
In one aspect, the modified dimple group 1808 includes three modified dimples 1802. In one aspect, the modified dimple group 1810 includes six modified dimples 1804. In one aspect, the modified dimple group 1908 includes three modified dimples 1902. In one aspect, the modified dimple group 1910 includes six modified dimples 1904.
Modifying dimples according to the present invention preferably produces a golf ball with improved flight symmetry compared to a corresponding golf ball without the modified dimples.
In a particular embodiment, the present invention is directed to a seamless golf ball, wherein the dimples have been modified using the dimple modification method disclosed herein. Seamless golf balls and methods of producing such are further disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,849,007 and 7,422,529, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
While golf balls of the present invention are not limited to a particular dimple count, in a particular embodiment, the golf ball has a dimple count of 300 or 302 or 312 or 328 or 342 or 344 or 348 or 352 or 364 or 376 or 388. In another particular embodiment, the total number of dimples on the outer surface of the golf ball is an integer that is divisible by 4 and within a range of from 260 to 424. In another particular embodiment, the total number of dimples on the outer surface of the golf ball is 400 or greater. In another particular, the total number of dimples on the outer surface of the golf ball is less than 400.
For purposes of the present disclosure, the diameter of a dimple having a circular plan shape is determined on a finished golf ball according to
where A is the plan shape area of the dimple.
For purposes of the present disclosure, the phrases “same diameter dimples,” “dimples having the same diameter,” and “dimples having substantially the same diameter” are used interchangeably and include dimples on a finished ball having respective diameters that differ by less than 0.005 inches due to manufacturing variances.
When numerical lower limits and numerical upper limits are set forth herein, it is contemplated that any combination of these values may be used.
All patents, publications, test procedures, and other references cited herein, including priority documents, are fully incorporated by reference to the extent such disclosure is not inconsistent with this invention and for all jurisdictions in which such incorporation is permitted.
While the illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described with particularity, it will be understood that various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the examples and descriptions set forth herein, but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all of the features of patentable novelty which reside in the present invention, including all features which would be treated as equivalents thereof by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains.
The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/082,685, filed Dec. 16, 2022, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/853,211, filed Jun. 29, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,707,647, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/151,946, filed Jan. 19, 2021, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,376,474, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/927,457, filed Jul. 13, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,894,189, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/673,782, filed Nov. 4, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,709,936, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/214,316, filed Dec. 10, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,463,918, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/707,043, filed Sep. 18, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,150,005, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/220,703, filed Jul. 27, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,764,193, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/162,717, filed May 24, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,258,832, which is continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/159,495, filed Jan. 21, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,782,628, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/895,105, filed Sep. 30, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,632,425, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17151946 | Jan 2021 | US |
| Child | 17853211 | US | |
| Parent | 14159495 | Jan 2014 | US |
| Child | 15162717 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 18082685 | Dec 2022 | US |
| Child | 18783049 | US | |
| Parent | 17853211 | Jun 2022 | US |
| Child | 18082685 | US | |
| Parent | 16927457 | Jul 2020 | US |
| Child | 17151946 | US | |
| Parent | 16673782 | Nov 2019 | US |
| Child | 16927457 | US | |
| Parent | 16214316 | Dec 2018 | US |
| Child | 16673782 | US | |
| Parent | 15707043 | Sep 2017 | US |
| Child | 16214316 | US | |
| Parent | 15220703 | Jul 2016 | US |
| Child | 15707043 | US | |
| Parent | 15162717 | May 2016 | US |
| Child | 15220703 | US | |
| Parent | 12895105 | Sep 2010 | US |
| Child | 14159495 | US |
