The flight characteristics of a golf ball after being struck by a golf club are dependent on not only on the swing of the golf club but also on the construction of the golf club itself. For instance, flight characteristics of a golf ball, such as spin of the ball and ball speed, are impacted by the design and construction of the golf club. By modifying the golf club design, the flight characteristics can be improved. Some modifications to golf clubs that improve flight characteristics of a golf ball, however, may also reduce durability of the golf club, increase its overall weight, cause undesirable acoustic responses, or create other disadvantageous features of the golf club. As such, improvements to golf club designs that both improve ball flight characteristics and limit disadvantageous consequences are desired.
In an aspect, the technology relates to a golf club head including a sole positioned on a bottom side of the golf club head, a striking face positioned toward the front of the golf club head and attached to at least a portion of the sole, and a crown positioned on a top side of the golf club head such that a cavity is formed between the sole, the striking face, and the crown. The crown includes an outer portion made of a first material and an inner portion made of a second material. The outer portion defines: an opening to the cavity, wherein the opening has a center, a riser extending into the cavity, the riser having a bottom edge, and a ledge extending from the edge of the riser towards the center. The ledge defines a first channel and a second channel that extend around the ledge, and the first channel is filled with an adhesive to secure the inner portion of the crown to the ledge. The inner portion of the crown is attached to the ledge such that the opening is covered by the inner portion of the crown. In an example, the first channel has a volume greater than a volume of the second channel. In another example, a distance between the first channel and the riser is less than a distance between the second channel and an inner edge of the ledge. In yet another example a width of the ledge varies around a perimeter of the opening such that a maximum ledge width is disposed proximate the striking face of the golf club head and a minimum ledge width is disposed proximate a rear of the golf club head. In still yet another example, a ratio between the maximum ledge width and the minimum ledge width is at least 2:1.
In another example, a thickness of the ledge is less than a thickness of a remainder of the outer portion of the crown. In yet another example, the inner portion of the crown comprises at least about 85% of an exterior surface area of the crown. In still yet another example, the second material is at least one of a wood-based material and a material displaying an elastic modulus of about 10 GPa to about 50 GPa. In another aspect, an offset distance between the striking face and the inner portion of the crown is between about 10 mm to about 20 mm.
In another aspect, the technology relates to a golf club head including a sole positioned on a bottom side of the golf club head, a striking face positioned toward the front of the golf club head and attached to at least a portion of the sole, a crown positioned on a top side of the golf club head such that a cavity is formed in between the sole, the striking face, and the crown, wherein the crown includes an outer portion made of a first material and an inner portion made of a second material, wherein the outer portion defines an opening to the cavity, wherein the opening has a center, a shelf attached to an internal surface of the outer portion of the crown around a perimeter of the opening, wherein the shelf extends towards the center, and wherein the inner portion of the crown is attached to the shelf such that the opening is covered by the inner portion of the crown. In an example, the first material is titanium and the second material is one of a wood-based material and a magnesium-based material. In another example, the second material displays an elastic modulus of between about 5 GPa to about 20 GPa. In yet another example, the inner portion of the crown is formed from a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) material and a composite material. In still yet another example, the PPS material comprises at least about 90% of a volume of the inner portion of the crown.
In another example, the inner portion is separated from the outer portion by one of the shelf or a polymer spacer around a perimeter of the inner portion. In yet another example, the shelf is adhesively attached to the internal surface of the outer portion of the crown and the inner portion of the crown is adhesively attached to the shelf.
In another aspect, the technology relates to a golf club head including a sole positioned on a bottom side of the golf club head. The sole includes an outer sole portion made of a first material and an inner sole portion made of a second material. The golf club head also includes a striking face positioned toward the front of the golf club head and attached to at least a portion of the sole. The golf club head also includes a crown positioned on a top side of the golf club head such that a cavity is formed between the sole, the striking face, and the crown. The crown includes an outer crown portion made of the first material and an inner crown portion made of the second material. The outer crown portion defines a first opening to the cavity, wherein the first opening has a center, a crown riser extending into the cavity, the crown riser having a bottom edge, and a crown ledge extending from the bottom edge of the crown riser towards the center of the first opening. The outer sole portion defines a second opening to the cavity, wherein the second opening has a center, a sole riser extending into the cavity, the sole riser having a top edge, and a sole ledge extending from the top edge of the sole riser towards the center of the second opening. The inner crown portion is attached to the crown ledge such that the first opening is covered by the inner crown portion. The inner sole portion is attached to the sole ledge such that the second opening is covered by the inner sole portion. In an example, the first opening and second opening are portions of a single continuous opening. In another example, the inner sole portion and the inner crown portion are portions of a single continuous portion made of the second material. In yet another example, the sole ledge defines a first channel and a second channel that extend around the sole ledge, wherein the first channel is filled with an adhesive to secure the inner sole portion to the sole ledge.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples are described with reference to the following Figures.
The technologies described herein contemplate a golf club head, such as a fairway metal, driver, or other golf club head, that includes a crown and/or a sole that has an inner portion having a low elastic modulus (also known as the Young's Modulus) and may also have a low density. One goal of golf club construction is often to reduce the overall mass of the golf club head or at least reduce the mass of particular components. The reduction of mass, however, can often lead to less durable golf club heads. The present technologies provide for a golf club head that with a crown that has at least two portions: an outer portion that is made of traditional materials, such as titanium, and an inner portion that made from a low density or low elastic modulus material. By reducing the density of a portion of the crown, the overall mass of the crown and the club can be reduced. Reducing the amount of mass dedicated to the crown also allows for incorporation of active recoil channels or discretionary mass, such as removable weights, to modify a center-of-gravity (CG) location. Incorporating a low modulus material into the crown also provides performance improvements, such as increased ball speed and ball spin improvements, by increasing the flexibility of the crown while maintaining durability. Similar techniques for increasing the flexibility of the crown may also be applied to the sole of the golf club head. Prior attempts to modify the crown of a golf club to increase performance have generally utilized a slot, but the present technology eliminates the need for such a structure.
The crown 102 is made from at least two components: an outer portion 104 made from a first material and an inner portion 106 made from a second material. The outer portion 104 of the crown 102 may be made from a traditional golf club material, such as a titanium-based or a steel-based material. The inner portion 106 of the crown 102 is made from a non-traditional material that may have a low elastic modulus and/or a low density. For example, the inner portion 106 of the crown 102 may be formed of a material that has an elastic modulus between 10-50 GPa. The performance advantages resulting from the use of materials having an elastic modulus within this range are discussed further below with reference to
Some examples of materials that may be used for the inner portion 106 of the crown 102 include wood-based materials, lignin-based materials, cellulose-based materials, or magnesium-based materials. Wood-based materials generally display an elastic modulus between 1-20 GPa, whereas magnesium-based materials generally display an elastic modulus of about 45 GPa. The use of wood-based materials also include additional benefits of having a low density, sound-dampening characteristics, and flexibility. The flexibility of the wood-based material allows the inner portion 106 to be more easily shaped or formed to match the contours of the outer portion 104 of the crown 102. In examples where a wood-based material is used, a veneer may also be attached to the top side of the wood-based material. The use of magnesium-based materials also provides the benefit of being low density, can be easily cast, and are resistant to scratching.
Other suitable materials for the inner portion 106 include a glass fiber reinforced plastic (displaying an elastic modulus of about 20-50 GPa), a composite or Kevlar fiber reinforced nylon or plastic (displaying an elastic modulus of about 5-50 GPa), or a thermoplastic combination (displaying an elastic modulus of about 1-10 GPa). Each of these materials also includes the benefit of being able to be 3D printed. In addition, a material with a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) in combination with a composite is also be suitable. The use of the PPS provides a desirable metallic sound when the golf club head 100 strikes a golf ball, and the composite is used in combination to raise the elastic modulus of the resultant materials. Fractional volumes of PPS and composites for a suitable material are discussed further below with reference to
The inner portion 106 of the crown 102 is shaped so as to match the contours of the outer portion 104 of the crown 102. The size of the inner portion 106 may be about 50-100% of the exterior surface area of the crown 102. In some examples, the size of the inner portion 106 is at least 85% of the exterior surface area of the crown 102. The inner portion 106 is also offset from the striking face 108 or the front edge of the crown by an offset distance (Do). The offset distance (Do) may range from about 10-30 mm, 10-20 mm, 20-30 mm, or 15-25 mm. In some examples, the offset distance (Do) is about 15 mm. The performance effects of the offset distance (Do) are discussed further below with reference to
The inner portion 106 of the crown 102 is attached to the outer portion 104 via a ledge 118 formed by the outer portion 104 of the crown 102. The outer portion 104 defines an opening to the cavity 116 of the golf club head 100. The ledge 118 extends towards the center of the opening to create a bonding surface for the inner portion 106 to be attached. The inner portion 106 may be attached to the ledge 118 with an adhesive or other bonding mechanism.
The arrangement of the outer portion 104, ledge 118, and the inner portion 106 can be further seen in
Similar to the golf club head 100 depicted in
Further details of the channels 222, 224 can be seen in
where L1 is the length of the first channel 222. Similarly, the volume (V2) of the second channel 224 may be defined as
where L2 is the length of the second channel 224. While the channels 222, 224 in the example depicted have a half-circle shape, other shapes could also be used and one having skill in the art would understand how to determine the volumes of such channels. In some examples, the radius (R1) of the first channel 222 may be between about 0.2-0.4 mm and the radius of the second channel may be between about 0.1-0.2 mm. In a particular example, the radius (R1) of the first channel 222 is about 0.25 mm and the radius (R2) of the second channel 224 may be about 0.15 mm. The ratio between the radius (R1) of the first channel 222 and the radius (R2) of the second channel 224 may be about 2:1, 5:3, or 3:2.
The first channel 222 is offset from the riser by a distance D1. The second channel 224 is offset from the first channel 222 by a distance D2, and the second channel 224 is offset from the inner edge of the ledge 218 by a distance D3. In some examples, the distance D3 is greater than the distance D1, which is greater than the distance D2 (i.e., D3>D1>D2). Increasing distance D3 further prevents any adhesive from flowing into the cavity 216. In other examples, D3 is greater than D2, which is equal to D1 (i.e., D3>D2=D1). In yet other examples, distance D1, distance D2, and distance D3 are equal (i.e., D1=D2=D3). In still other examples, distance D1 is equal to distance D3, which is greater than distance D2 (i.e., D1=D3>D2).
The ledge 218 has a width (WL) that is wide enough to fit both of the channels 222, 224. In some examples, the ledge width (WL) may be between 5-10 mm, and in a particular example the ledge width may be about 8 mm. The ledge width (WL) may also be variable as it extends around the golf club 200 and the perimeter of the opening. For example, near the front of the golf club head (near the striking face 208), the ledge width (WL) may be the greatest as the largest amount of stress occurs near the striking face 208. As such, it may be more desirable to have the bonding surface of the ledge 218 be the largest near the striking face 208. The stresses occurring near the rear of the golf club head 200, however, are less than those near the striking face 208. Accordingly, the maximum ledge width is where the ledge 218 is disposed proximate the striking face 208 of the golf club head 200 and the minimum ledge width is where the ledge is disposed proximate a rear of the golf club head 200. A section view of the golf club 200 near the rear of the golf club head 200 is shown in
The volume of the channels 222, 224 may also vary with the size of the ledge 218. For example, the channels 222, 224 may have a maximum volume near the front of the golf club head 200 and the channels 222, 224 may have a minimum volume near the rear of the golf club head 200. By varying the volume of the channels 222, 224, the amount of adhesive added to the channels may also vary based on the varied volume of the channels 222, 224 such that the adhesive does not overflow into the cavity 216.
In other examples, the channels 222, 224 may be located on the inner portion 206 rather than the ledge 218. In such examples, the adhesive may be applied directly to the inner portion 206 rather than the ledge 218. In other examples, both the inner portion 206 and the ledge 218 may include channels similar to channels 222, 224.
At operation 303, the interior portion 306 is pressed onto the adhesive 326 to secure the interior portion 306 to the ledge 318 and the remainder of the outer portion 304 of the crown. At operation 305, the adhesive 326 is allowed to spread and set, dry, or cure to establish the bond between the interior portion 306 and the ledge 318. As the adhesive 326 spreads from the first channel 322, some of the adhesive 326 is captured by the second channel 324, which serves as an overflow channel. The adhesive 326 also spreads towards the riser 320. As such, the primary bonding surface is between the riser 320 and the inner edge of the second channel 324. In some examples, the adhesive may also spread between the inner portion 306 and the riser 320, which causes the inner portion 306 to be bonded directly to the riser 320. In other examples, the adhesive 326 may not flow in between the riser 320 and the inner portion 306. Once the adhesive 326 has set, dried, or cured, the crown can be polished to remove any excess adhesive 326 that may have flowed to the surface of the crown.
The golf club head 500 also includes an inner sole portion 524 that is connected to an outer sole portion 522 of the sole 510. The inner sole portion 524 is similar to the inner crown portion 506, and can be attached to the outer sole portion 522 by substantially similar configurations as discussed above with reference to configurations for attaching the inner crown portion 506 to the outer crown portion 504. For instance, the outer sole portion 522 may define an opening to the cavity. The outer sole portion 522 may also define a sole riser extending into the cavity and a ledge extending from the top edge of the sole riser towards the center of the opening in the sole 510. The inner sole portion 524 may be attached to the sole ledge. In addition, the sole ledge and the crown ledge may also include channels for adhesive, such as the channels discussed above in
The inner sole portion 524 and the inner crown portion 506 may form a single continuous piece that is attached to the outer crown portion 504 and the outer sole portion 522. For instance, the inner crown portion 506 wraps around the heel and toe of the golf club head 500 and connects with the inner sole portion 524. In such an example, the opening defined by the outer crown portion 504 and the opening defined by the outer sole portion 522 may form a single continuous opening. The size and shape of the combined inner crown portion 506 and the inner sole portion 524 may vary in different examples. In some examples, the inner crown portion 506 may be about 50-100% of the exterior surface area of the crown 502. In some examples, the size of the inner crown portion 506 is at least 85% of the exterior surface area of the crown 502. The inner sole portion 524 may make up similar proportions of the sole 510. In other examples, the inner sole portion 524 may make up less of the total exterior surface area of sole 510 due to other components located on the sole 510. For instance, in some examples, the inner sole portion 524 is shaped so as to avoid sole components such as active recoil channels, weights or weight ports, and openings for adjusting a hosel, among other components (as can be seen in the example depicted in
Although specific embodiments and aspects were described herein and specific examples were provided, the scope of the technology is not limited to those specific embodiments and examples. For instance, while many of the present examples have been depicted for use with a driver, the present technology may be applied to any metal wood, fairway metal or wood, or hybrid golf club. Further, each of the above examples may be combined with another. One skilled in the art will recognize other embodiments or improvements that are within the scope and spirit of the present technology. Therefore, the specific structure, acts, or media are disclosed only as illustrative embodiments. In addition, if the limits of the terms “about,” “substantially,” or “approximately” as used in the following claims are unclear from the foregoing specification to one having skill in the art, those terms shall mean within ten percent of the value described. The scope of the technology is defined by the following claims and any equivalents therein.
This application is a divisional of and claims the benefit of priority from U.S. application Ser. No. 16/746,277, titled “GOLF CLUB HAVING A LOW MODULUS CROWN,” filed Jan. 17, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/913,347, titled “GOLF CLUB HAVING A LOW MODULUS CROWN,” filed Mar. 6, 2018, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
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Child | 17364508 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 15913347 | Mar 2018 | US |
Child | 16746277 | US |