The present invention relates generally to golf club heads and, more particularly, to a wood-type golf club head having a composite face insert.
Composite materials have long been recognized for combining many beneficial attributes of various types and are commonly used in golf club heads. Composite materials typically are less dense than other materials used in golf clubs. Thus, the use of composite materials allows for more leeway in how weight is distributed about the club. It is often desirable to locate club weight away from the striking face. Thus, attempts have been made to incorporate composite materials in the club face.
Although such attempts have been generally effective for weight reduction purposes, a number of shortfalls remain, such as durability, impact resistance and overall club performance. For example, prior composite club faces have often suffered from delamination, or peeling apart, of composite layers, greatly reducing the useable life of the club. Delamination is particularly a problem at interface regions between the composite material and other materials of the club head. Such problems have arisen even at relatively low impact levels, hit counts and in benign playing conditions. Attempts to resolve such problems often fail to provide satisfactory club performance, measured by factors such as coefficient of restitution (COR), particularly for wood-type club heads having a volume of at least 300 cc. It should, therefore, be appreciated that there exists a need for a wood-type golf club head having composite material at the club face that is durable, can endure high level impacts and yet provide superior club performance. The present invention fulfills this need and others.
It should, therefore, be appreciated that there exists a need for a wood-type golf club head having composite material at the club face that is durable, can endure high level impacts and yet provide superior club performance. The present invention fulfills this need and others.
The invention provides a golf club head having a lightweight face insert attached to a body that is at least partly formed of a metallic material, providing superior durability and club performance. To that end, the face insert comprises prepreg plies having a fiber areal weight (FAW) of less than 100 g/m2. The body preferably forms a volume of at least 200 cc. The face insert preferably has a thickness less than 4 mm and has a mass at least 10 grams less than an insert of equivalent volume formed of the metallic material of the body of the club head. The coefficient of restitution for the club head, measured in accordance to the United States Golf Association Rule 4-1a, is at least 0.79.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the face insert further includes a cap with a peripheral rim that is attached to a front surface of the composite region. Also preferably, the thickness of the composite region is about 4.5 mm or less and the metallic cap thickness is about 0.5 mm or less; more preferably the thickness of the composite region is about 3.5 mm or less and the metallic cap thickness is about 0.3 mm or less. The cap preferably comprises a titanium alloy. The face insert may alternatively comprise a layer of textured film co-cured with the plies of low FAW material, in which the layer of textured film forms a front surface of the face insert instead of the metallic cap. The layer of textured film preferably comprises nylon fabric. Without the metallic cap, the mass of the face insert is at least 15 grams less than an insert of equivalent volume formed of the metallic material of the body of the club head.
A preferred method of the present invention advantageously controls the resin content of the low fiber areal weight (FAW) composite material of the golf club face. The steps comprise:
Alternatively, the tool temperature may be immediately raised to a set temperature T2 upon placement of the composite material therein, this temperature being held substantially constant over the soaking and curing phases. After an initial soaking time of about 5 minutes, the pressure is raised from a first pressure P1 to a second pressure P2 greater than the first pressure P1. After an additional time of about 15 minutes, the pressure is reduced to about the same value as the first pressure for about another 20 minutes.
For purposes of summarizing the invention and the advantages achieved over the prior art, certain advantages of the invention have been described above. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.
All of these embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the invention herein disclosed. These and other embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments having reference to the attached figures, the invention not being limited to any particular preferred embodiment disclosed.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings in which:
With reference to the illustrative drawings, and particularly
With reference to
Due to the efficiency of prepreg plies of low FAW, the face insert 14 can be relatively thin, preferably less than about 4.5 mm and more preferably less than about 3.5 mm. Thus, use of the face insert 14 results in weight savings of about 10 g to 15 g over a comparable volume of metal used in the body 12 (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V). As mentioned above, this weight can be allocated to other areas of the club, as desired. Moreover, the club head 10 has demonstrated both superior durability and performance. In a durability test, the club head 10 survived over 3000 impacts of a golf ball shot at a velocity of about 44 m/sec. In a performance test of the club's COR, measured in accordance with the United States Golf Association Rule 4-1a, the club head had a COR of about 0.828.
With continued reference to
A suitable carbon fiber reinforcement comprises a carbon fiber known as “34-700” fiber, available from Grafil, Inc., of Sacramento, Calif., which has a tensile modulus of 234 Gpa (34 Msi) and tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). Another suitable fiber, also available from Grafil, Inc., is a carbon fiber known as “TR50S” fiber which has a tensile modulus of 240 Gpa (35 Msi) and tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 Ksi). Suitable epoxy resins known as Newport 301 and 350 are available from Newport Adhesives & Composites, Inc., of Irvine, Calif.
In a preferred embodiment, the composite region 16 includes prepreg sheets having a quasi-isotropic fiber reinforcement of 34-700 fiber having an areal weight of about 70 g/m2 and impregnated with an epoxy resin (e.g., Newport 301) resulting in a resin content (R/C) of about 40%. For convenience of reference, the primary composition of a prepreg sheet can be specified in abbreviated form by identifying its fiber areal weight, type of fiber, e.g., 70 FAW 34-700. The abbreviated form can further identify the resin system and resin content, e.g., 70 FAW 34-700/301, R/C 40%. In a durability test, several plies of this material were configured in a composite region 16 having a thickness of about 3.7 mm. The resulting composite region 16 survived over 3000 impacts of a golf ball shot at a velocity of about 44 m/sec. In another preferred embodiment, the composite region 16 comprises prepreg plies of 50 FAW TR50S/350. This material was tested in a composite region 16 having a thickness of about 3.7 mm and it too survived a similar durability test.
With reference to
With continued reference to
Preferably, the thickness of the composite region 16 is about 4.5 mm or less and the thickness of the metallic cap 18 is about 0.5 mm or less. More preferably the thickness of the composite region 16 is about 3.5 mm or less and the thickness of the metallic cap 18 is about 0.3 mm or less. The metallic cap preferably comprises a titanium alloy.
Composite Material Process
The metallic cap 18 defines a striking face 40 having a plurality of grooves 42. The metallic cap 18 further aids in resisting wear from repeated impacts with golf balls even when covered with sand. Preferably, a bond gap 44 of about 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, and more preferably about 0.1 mm, is provided for adhesive attachment of the metallic cap 18 to the composite region 16. In an alternative embodiment, the bond gap 44 may be no greater than 0.2 mm. The metallic cap 18 is preferably formed of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy; however, other titanium alloys or other materials having suitable characteristics can be employed. For example, a non-metallic cap, such as a cap comprising injection-molded plastic, having a density less than 5 g/cc and a hardness value of 80 Shore D may be employed.
As mentioned above, it is beneficial to have a composite region 16 that is relatively free of resin rich regions. To that end, fiber reinforcement sheets are impregnated with a controlled amount of resin to achieve a prescribed resin content. This is realized, in part, through management of the timing and environment in which the fiber sheets are cured and soaked.
The plies can be cut at least twice before achieving the desired dimensions. A preferred approach includes cutting plies to a first size, debulking the plies in two compression steps of about two minutes each. Thereafter, the plies are die cut to the desired shape, and compressed a third time; this time using a panel conformed to the desired bulge and roll. The plies are then stacked to a final thickness and compressed a forth time with the conformed panel for about three minutes. The weight and thickness are measured preferably prior to the curing step.
The plies can be cut at least twice before achieving the desired dimensions. A preferred approach includes cutting plies to a first size and debulking the plies in two compression steps of about two minutes each. Thereafter, the plies are die cut to the desired shape, and compressed a third time using a panel conformed to the desired bulge and roll. The plies are then stacked to a final thickness and compressed a fourth time with the conformed panel for about three minutes. The weight and thickness of the plies are measured preferably prior to the curing step.
An alternative soaking and curing profile is depicted in
Composite Face Roughness Treatment
In order to increase the surface roughness of the composite golf club face and to enhance bonding of adhesives used therewith, a layer of textured film can be placed on the material before curing. An example of the textured film is ordinary nylon fabric. Curing conditions do not degrade the fabric and an imprint of the fabric texture is transferred to the composite surface. Tests have shown that adhesion of urethane and epoxy, such as 3M® DP460, to the treated composite surface was greatly improved and superior to adhesion to a metallic surface, such as cast titanium alloy.
In order to increase the surface roughness of the composite region 16 and to enhance bonding of adhesives used therewith, a layer of textured film can be placed on the composite material before curing. An example of the textured film is ordinary nylon fabric. Curing conditions do not degrade the fabric and an imprint of the fabric texture is transferred to the composite surface. Tests have shown that adhesion of urethane and epoxy, such as 3M® DP460, to a composite surface treated in such a fashion was greatly improved and superior to adhesion to a metallic surface, such as cast titanium alloy.
A face insert 14 having increased surface roughness may comprise a layer of textured film co-cured with the plies of low FAW material, in which the layer of textured film forms a front surface of the face insert 14 instead of the metallic cap 18. The layer of textured film preferably comprises nylon fabric. Without the metallic cap 18, the mass of the face insert 14 is at least 15 grams less than a face insert of equivalent volume formed of the metallic material of the body 12 of the club head 10.
Typically, adhesion of the 3M® DP460 adhesive to a cast metallic surface is greater than to an untreated composite surface. Consequently, when the face structure fails on impact, the adhesive peels off the composite surface but remains bonded to the metallic surface. After treating a composite surface as described above, the situation is reversed [−] and the 3M® DP460 peels off the metallic surface but remains bonded to the composite surface.
The enhanced adhesion properties of this treatment contribute to an improved fatigue life for a composite golf club face. In a test, a club head having an untreated face insert 14 and a COR of about 0.847 endured about 250 test shots before significant degradation or failure occurred. In contrast, a similar club head having a treated face insert 14 and a COR of about 0.842 endured over 2000 shots before significant degradation or failure occurred.
Alternatively, the means for applying the composite texture improvement may be incorporated into the mold surface. By doing so, the textured area can be more precisely controlled. For simple face plate joining to the opening of a cast body, the texture can be formed in surfaces where shear and peel are the dominant modes of failure.
It should be appreciated from the foregoing that the present invention provides a club head 10 having a composite face insert 14 attached to a metallic body 12, forming a volume of at least 200 cc and providing superior durability and club performance. To that end, the face insert 14 comprises prepreg plies having a fiber areal weight (FAW) of less than 100 g/m2. The face insert 14 preferably has a thickness less than 5 mm and has a mass at least 10 grams less than a face insert of equivalent volume formed of the metallic material of the body 12 of the club head 10. The coefficient of restitution for the club head 10 is preferably at least 0.79.
Alternatively, the face insert 14 may comprise any non-metallic material having a density less than a metallic material of the body 12 along with a metallic cap 18 covering a front surface of the face insert 14 and having a rim 36. For example, the face insert 14 of the present invention may comprise a composite material, such as a fiber-reinforced plastic or a chopped-fiber compound (e.g., bulk molded compound or sheet molded compound), or an injection-molded polymer either alone or in combination with prepreg plies having low FAW. The thickness of the face insert 14 may be substantially constant or it may comprise a variation of at least two thicknesses, one being measured at a geometric center and another measured near a periphery of the face insert 14. In one embodiment, for example, an injection-molded polymer disk may be embedded in a central region of a plurality of low FAW prepreg plies. The total thickness of the face insert 14 may range between about 1 mm and about 8 mm, AND preferably between about 2 mm and about 7 mm, more preferably between about 2.5 mm and about 4 mm, and most preferably between about 3 mm and about 4 mm.
In addition, the body 12 of a club head 10 in the present invention may be formed of a metallic material, a non-metallic material or a combination of materials, such as a steel skirt and sole with a composite crown, for example. Also, one or more weights may be located in or on the body 12, as desired, to achieve final performance characteristics for the club head 10.
This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 10,442,348, filed May 21, 2003, which is herein incorporated by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3836153 | Dance, Jr. | Sep 1974 | A |
3937474 | Jepson et al. | Feb 1976 | A |
4398965 | Campau | Aug 1983 | A |
4539253 | Hirschbuehler et al. | Sep 1985 | A |
4545580 | Tomita et al. | Oct 1985 | A |
4618149 | Maxel | Oct 1986 | A |
4740345 | Nagasaki et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
4792139 | Nagasaki et al. | Dec 1988 | A |
4793616 | Fernandez | Dec 1988 | A |
4798383 | Nagasaki et al. | Jan 1989 | A |
4809978 | Yamaguchi et al. | Mar 1989 | A |
4848747 | Fujimura et al. | Jul 1989 | A |
4884812 | Nagasaki et al. | Dec 1989 | A |
4928972 | Nakanishi et al. | May 1990 | A |
4964640 | Nakanishi et al. | Oct 1990 | A |
4995609 | Parente et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
5016882 | Fujimura et al. | May 1991 | A |
5078397 | Aizawa | Jan 1992 | A |
5176384 | Sata et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
5271621 | Lo | Dec 1993 | A |
5310185 | Viollaz et al. | May 1994 | A |
5312106 | Cook | May 1994 | A |
5377986 | Viollaz et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
5417419 | Anderson et al. | May 1995 | A |
5425538 | Vincent et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
5472201 | Aizawa et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
5672120 | Ramirez et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
5743813 | Chen et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5827131 | Mahaffey et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5967903 | Cheng | Oct 1999 | A |
5985197 | Nelson et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
6071200 | Song | Jun 2000 | A |
6165081 | Chou | Dec 2000 | A |
6248024 | Nelson et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6248025 | Murphy et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6299547 | Kosmatka | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6338683 | Kosmatka | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6354962 | Galloway et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6364789 | Kosmatka | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6368234 | Galloway | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6406378 | Murphy et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6406381 | Murphy et al. | Jun 2002 | B2 |
6435980 | Reyes et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6440008 | Murphy et al. | Aug 2002 | B2 |
6669577 | Hocknell et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
7189165 | Yamamoto | Mar 2007 | B2 |
20020169034 | Hocknell et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
1 201 648 | Aug 1970 | GB |
60-15145 | Jan 1985 | JP |
01171583 | Jul 1989 | JP |
6-23071 | Feb 1994 | JP |
06-165842 | Jun 1994 | JP |
6-205858 | Jul 1994 | JP |
09-176347 | Jul 1997 | JP |
11-137734 | May 1999 | JP |
2003144590 | May 2003 | JP |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20070293349 A1 | Dec 2007 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 10442348 | May 2003 | US |
Child | 11895195 | US |