The invention relates generally to golf club heads and other ball striking devices that include impact influencing body features. Certain aspects of this invention relate to golf club heads and other ball striking devices that have more a face member that contains a ball striking surface and a portion of the crown where a flexible material is integrated with the crown portion of the face member.
Golf clubs and many other ball striking devices may have various face and body features, as well as other characteristics that can influence the use and performance of the device. For example, users may wish to have improved impact properties, such as increased coefficient of restitution (COR) in the face, increased size of the area of greatest response or COR (also known as the “hot zone”) of the face, and/or improved efficiency of the golf ball on impact. The COR is defined as a ratio of the relative speed of the ball after impact divided by the relative speed of the ball before the impact. Since a significant portion of the energy loss during an impact of a golf club head with a golf ball is a result of energy loss as the golf ball deforms, reducing deformation of the golf ball during impact may increase energy transfer and velocity of the golf ball after impact, which benefits the golfer in the form of greater distance. The present devices and methods are provided to address at least some of these problems and other problems, and to provide advantages and aspects not provided by prior ball striking devices. A full discussion of the features and advantages of the present invention is deferred to the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The following presents a general summary of aspects of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. The following summary merely presents some concepts of the invention in a general form as a prelude to the more detailed description provided below.
Aspects of the disclosure relate to a ball striking device, such as a golf club head, having a club head body made of a first material comprising a heel, a toe, a portion of a crown, a sole, and a portion of a striking surface and a face member made of a plurality of materials comprising a portion of a ball striking surface and a portion of the crown surface, wherein the face member may be made of at least a second material and third material where the third material is located within the portion of the crown of the face member. The second and third materials may have a modulus of elasticity lower than that of the first material.
According to one aspect, the golf club head having a club head body made of a first material and has a face member made of a plurality of materials wherein the face member comprises at least a portion of a ball striking surface and a flange that includes a portion of the crown. The face member comprises at least a second material and a third material, wherein the second material comprises a portion of the striking face while the third material comprises a portion of the crown. The third material having a modulus of elasticity lower than the modulus of elasticity of the first material.
Other aspects of the disclosure relate to a golf club or other ball striking device including a head or other ball striking device as described above and a shaft connected to the head/device and configured for gripping by a user. Aspects of the disclosure relate to a set of golf clubs including at least one golf club as described above. Yet additional aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for manufacturing a ball striking device as described above, including assembling a head as described above and/or connecting a handle or shaft to the head.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.
To allow for a more full understanding of the present invention, it will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
In the following description of various example structures according to the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration various example devices, systems, and environments in which aspects of the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other specific arrangements of parts, example devices, systems, and environments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Also, while the terms “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” “side,” “rear,” and the like may be used in this specification to describe various example features and elements of the invention, these terms are used herein as a matter of convenience, e.g., based on the example orientations shown in the figures or the orientation during typical use. Additionally, the term “plurality,” as used herein, indicates any number greater than one, either disjunctively or conjunctively, as necessary, up to an infinite number. Nothing in this specification should be construed as requiring a specific three dimensional orientation of structures in order to fall within the scope of this invention. Also, the reader is advised that the attached drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
The following terms are used in this specification, and unless otherwise noted or clear from the context, these terms have the meanings provided below.
“Ball striking device” means any device constructed and designed to strike a ball or other similar objects (such as a hockey puck). In addition to generically encompassing “ball striking heads,” which are described in more detail below, examples of “ball striking devices” include, but are not limited to: golf clubs, putters, croquet mallets, polo mallets, baseball or softball bats, cricket bats, tennis rackets, badminton rackets, field hockey sticks, ice hockey sticks, and the like.
“Ball striking head” (or “head”) means the portion of a “ball striking device” that includes and is located immediately adjacent (optionally surrounding) the portion of the ball striking device designed to contact the ball (or other object) in use. In some examples, such as many golf clubs and putters, the ball striking head may be a separate and independent entity from any shaft member, and it may be attached to the shaft in some manner.
The terms “shaft” or “handle” include the portion of a ball striking device (if any) that the user holds during a swing of a ball striking device.
“Integral joining technique” or means a technique for joining two pieces so that the two pieces effectively become a single, integral piece, including, but not limited to, irreversible joining techniques, such as adhesively joining, cementing, welding, brazing, soldering, or the like, where separation of the joined pieces cannot be accomplished without structural damage thereto. Pieces joined with such a technique are described as “integrally joined.”
“Generally parallel” means that a first line, segment, plane, edge, surface, etc. is approximately (in this instance, within 5%) equidistant from with another line, plane, edge, surface, etc., over at least 50% of the length of the first line, segment, plane, edge, surface, etc.
“Substantially constant” when referring to a dimension means that a value is approximately the same and varies no more than +/−5%.
In general, aspects of this invention relate to ball striking devices, such as golf club heads, golf clubs, and the like. Such ball striking devices, according to at least some examples of the invention, may include a ball striking head with a ball striking surface. In the case of a golf club, the ball striking surface is a substantially flat surface on one face of the ball striking head. Some more specific aspects of this invention relate to wood-type golf clubs and golf club heads, including drivers, fairway woods, hybrid clubs, and the like, although aspects of this invention also may be practiced in connection with iron-type clubs, putters, and other club types as well.
According to various aspects and embodiments, the ball striking device may be formed of one or more of a variety of materials, such as metals (including metal alloys), ceramics, polymers, composites (including fiber-reinforced composites), and wood, and may be formed in one of a variety of configurations, without departing from the scope of the invention. In one illustrative embodiment, some or all components of the head, including the face and at least a portion of the body of the head, are made of metal (the term “metal,” as used herein, includes within its scope metal alloys, metal matrix composites, and other metallic materials). It is understood that the head may contain components made of several different materials, including carbon-fiber composites, polymer materials, and other components. Additionally, the components may be formed by various forming methods. For example, metal components, such as components made from titanium, aluminum, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, steels (including stainless steels), and the like, may be formed by forging, molding, casting, stamping, machining, and/or other known techniques. In another example, composite components, such as carbon fiber-polymer composites, can be manufactured by a variety of composite processing techniques, such as prepreg processing, powder-based techniques, mold infiltration, and/or other known techniques. In a further example, polymer components, such as high strength polymers, can be manufactured by polymer processing techniques, such as various molding and casting techniques and/or other known techniques.
The various figures in this application illustrate examples of ball striking devices according to this invention. When the same reference number appears in more than one drawing, that reference number is used consistently in this specification and the drawings refer to the same or similar parts throughout.
At least some examples of ball striking devices according to this invention relate to golf club head structures, including heads for wood-type golf clubs, such as drivers, fairway woods and hybrid clubs, as well as other types of wood-type clubs. Such devices may include a one-piece construction or a multiple-piece construction. Example structures of ball striking devices according to this invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with
The golf club 100 shown in
The body 108 of the head 102 can have various different shapes, including a rounded shape, as in the head 102 shown in
In the illustrative embodiment illustrated in
The face member 112 is located at the front 124 of the head 102 and comprises a portion of the ball striking surface (or striking surface) 111 located thereon, an inner surface 107 opposite the ball striking surface 111, and a flange 130 as illustrated in
The face member 112 may be made of a plurality of members, where a first member 132 made of a first material comprises a portion of the striking face and a flange 130 which includes a portion of the crown adjacent to the striking face and a second member 134 made of a second material contained within the flange 130 that comprises a portion of the crown surface 116. The second material may have a lower modulus of elasticity than the first material. For example, the first member 132 comprising the ball striking surface portion 111 and a portion of the flange 130 may be made of the same material as the material that makes up the club head body 108 like a titanium alloy such as Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the second member 134 may be a second material with a lower modulus of elasticity such as a beta titanium alloy, gum Metal™, vitreous alloys, metallic glasses or other amorphous metallic materials, composite materials (carbon fiber and others), or other suitable material. Alternatively, the flange 130 may be made entirely of a lower modulus material where the ball striking face 111 is a first material and the flange is the second material.
The modulus of elasticity is a measurement of a material's resistance to a force and not be permanently deformed. The higher the modulus of elasticity, the stiffer the material. By having a modulus of elasticity lower than that of the first material, the second member creates an area that may deform greater than the surrounding area during the impact with a golf ball. This deformation within the body, as long as it does not cause permanent deformation of the material, may improve the efficiency of the collision or COR by keeping the ball from losing as much energy during the impact with a golf club.
The material of the club head body may be a titanium alloy. Titanium alloys may have a variety of modulus of elasticity properties, but typically range between 100 GPa and 140 GPa. For example, the modulus of elasticity of common titanium alpha-beta alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V alloy is approximately 114 GPa, while Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V which is an alpha/near alpha alloy has a modulus of approximately 121 GPa. A typical beta titanium alloy such as Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al has a modulus of approximately 100 GPa. Additionally, the modulus of elasticity may be affected by work hardening a titanium alloy and aligning the grain structure in a specific direction. For example, the titanium alloy SP700 from JFE steel may have a modulus of elasticity ranging from approximately 109 GPa to 137 GPa depending upon the direction the grain is oriented after cold working.
However, gum Metal™ is a unique titanium alloy that has a combination of a relatively low modulus of elasticity and a yield strength comparable or higher than titanium alloys. Gum Metal™ may have a modulus of elasticity of approximately 80 GPa or in a range of 85 GPa to 95 GPa, but the modulus of elasticity may be modified by a work hardening process, like cold working, to approximately 45 GPa, or in a range between 30 GPa and 60 GPa. However, gum Metal™ may have a density of approximately 5.6 grams per cubic centimeter, which is higher than that of a titanium alloy, which may be within a range of 4.5 to 4.8 grams per cubic centimeter. This lower modulus of elasticity combined with its high yield strength may make it an ideal material to provide an elastically deformable region in the golf club body, while the higher density may restrict the use of gum Metal™ to targeted regions.
Additionally, the relationship between the material of the second member 134 to the material of the first member 132 or the material of the club head body 108 may be such that the modulus of elasticity of the material of the second member 134 may be at least 5% lower than the material of the first member 132 or the material of the club head body, or at least 10% lower, or even at least 20% lower. The modulus of the material is recognized to be in the proper heat treatment condition of the finished golf club head to enable the golf club head to be durable as one skilled in the art would define it.
The golf club head 102 may be formed of using a method with the steps of (a) forming a golf club head body 108 of a first material comprising a heel 120, a toe 122, a sole 118, and a portion of a crown 116; (b) integrally joining a plurality of materials to form a compound material; (c) forming a face member 112 comprising a ball striking surface 111 and a portion of the crown 116 from the compound material; (d) connecting the golf club head body and the face member using an integral joining technique. The compound material may be formed to a near final shape required by the face member 112 by a cold forming, pressing, stamping or forging type process.
Additionally, the ball striking surface portion 111 of the face member 112 may have constant thickness or it may have variable thickness. In one embodiment, the face member 112 of the head 102 in
It is understood that the face member 112, the body 108, and/or the hosel 110 can be formed as a single piece or as separate pieces that are joined together. The body 108 being partially or wholly formed by one or more separate pieces connected to the face member. These pieces may be connected by an integral joining technique, such as welding, cementing, or adhesively joining Other known techniques for joining these parts can be used as well, including many mechanical joining techniques, including releasable mechanical engagement techniques. As one example, a body 108 may be formed of a single, integral, cast piece may be connected to a face member 112 to define the entire club head. The head 102 in
The golf club 100 may include a shaft 104 connected to or otherwise engaged with the ball striking head 102 as shown in
The shaft 104 may be constructed from one or more of a variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, or wood. In some illustrative embodiments, the shaft 104, or at least portions thereof, may be constructed of a metal, such as stainless steel or titanium, or a composite, such as a carbon/graphite fiber-polymer composite. However, it is contemplated that the shaft 104 may be constructed of different materials without departing from the scope of the invention, including conventional materials that are known and used in the art. A grip element 106 may be positioned on the shaft 104 to provide a golfer with a slip resistant surface with which to grasp the golf club shaft 104, as seen in
The various embodiments of golf clubs 100 and/or golf club heads 102 described herein may include components that have sizes, shapes, locations, orientations, etc., that are described with reference to one or more properties and/or reference points. Several of such properties and reference points are described in the following paragraphs, with reference to
As illustrated in
One or more origin points 8 (e.g., 8A, 8B) may be defined in relation to certain elements of the golf club 100 or golf club head 102. Various other points, such as a center of gravity, a sole contact, and a face center, may be described and/or measured in relation to one or more of such origin points 8.
As illustrated in
Additionally as illustrated in
As illustrated in
As golf clubs have evolved in recent years, many have incorporated head/shaft interconnection structures connecting the shaft 104 and club head 102. These interconnection structures are used to allow a golfer to easily change shafts for different flex, weight, length or other desired properties. Many of these interconnection structures have features whereby the shaft 104 is connected to the interconnection structure at a different angle than the hosel axis 4 of the golf club head, including the interconnection structures discussed elsewhere herein. This feature allows these interconnection structures to be rotated in various configurations to potentially adjust some of the relationships between the club head 102 and the shaft 104 either individually or in combination, such as the lie angle, the loft angle, or the face angle. As such, if a golf club 100 includes an interconnection structure, it shall be attached to the golf club head when addressing any measurements on the golf club head 102. For example, when positioning the golf club head 102 in the reference position, the interconnection structures should be attached to the structure. Since this structure can influence the lie angle, face angle, and loft angle of the golf club head, the interconnection member shall be set to its most neutral position. Additionally, these interconnection members have a weight that can affect the golf club heads mass properties, e.g. center of gravity (CG) and moment of inertia (MOI) properties. Thus, any mass property measurements on the golf club head should be measured with the interconnection member attached to the golf club head.
The moment of inertia is a property of the club head 102, the importance of which is known to those skilled in the art. There are three moment of inertia properties referenced herein. The moment of inertia with respect to an axis parallel to the X-axis 14 of the ground plane coordinate system, extending through the center of gravity 26 of the club head 102, is referenced as the MOI x-x, as illustrated in
The ball striking face height (FH) 56 is a measurement taken along a plane normal to the ground plane and defined by the dimension CFX 42 through the face center 40, of the distance between the ground plane 6 and a point represented by a midpoint 62 of a radius between the crown 116 and the face member 112. An example of the measurement of the face height 56 of a head 102 is illustrated in
The crown-face intersection point 68 may be taken along a plane normal to the ground plane and defined by the dimension CFX 42 through the face center 40 as shown in
The head length 58 and head breadth 60 measurements can be determined by using the USGA “Procedure for Measuring the Club Head Size of Wood Clubs,” USGA-TPX 3003, Revision 1.0.0, dated Nov. 21, 2003. Examples of the measurement of the head length 58 and head breadth 60 of a head 102 are illustrated in
In the golf club 100 shown in
The head 102 as shown in
As
Since golf clubs may be designed to have a bias help correct specific types of golf shots, such as designing to limit the effect of “a slice” or “a hook”, the face member 112 may not be centered at the center of the face or the CFX location. Alternatively, the second member 134 may be centered at the CFX location. The length dimension 146 of the second member 134 may be at least 65 percent of the length dimension 150 of the flange the maximum length of the flange 130 or 90 percent or even the maximum length of the flange. The maximum length of the flange is defined as the longest dimension of the flange (or crown portion of the face member 112) in a heel-to-toe direction.
The thickness of the second member 134 may be equal to or less than the surrounding thickness of the flange 130 of the face member 112. The overall thickness of the flange 130 of the face member 112 may be constant or the flange 130 of the face member 112 may have a variable thickness. The thickness of the flange 130 may be approximately 1.5 mm, or may be within a range of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm, or within a range of 0.8 mm to 2.2 mm.
For embodiment of
The flange 230 may have a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm, or within a range of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm, or within a range of 0.7 mm to 2.5 mm. The striking face portion 214 of the second member 234 may have a thickness of approximately 2.0 mm, or within a range of 1.7 mm to 2.3 mm, or within a range of 1.5 mm to 2.7 mm.
The flange 230 may be positioned where the rear edge 238 of the flange 230 is located a distance 244 in the Y-Axis direction from the crown-face intersection point 68. The distance 244 may be approximately 15 mm, or in a range of 10 mm to 20 mm, or in a range of 7 mm to 25 mm.
For all of the embodiments disclosed herein, the width of the second member 134, 160, 180 when measured from the front to the back of head 102 may be expressed as a ratio of the breadth dimension 60 of head 102. For example, the ratio of the center width 147 dimension (expressed as dimension 147 in
Likewise, the size of the second member 134 when measured from the front to the back of the head 102 may be expressed as a ratio of the face height dimension 56 of the head 102. For example, the ratio of the center width dimension (expressed as dimension 147 in
It is understood that one or more different features of any of the embodiments described herein can be combined with one or more different features of a different embodiment described herein, in any desired combination. It is also understood that further benefits may be recognized as a result of such combinations. Golf club heads 102 may contain any number of sole features such as channels or lower modulus regions in combination with the features of the embodiments disclosed herein.
Golf club heads 102 incorporating the body structures disclosed herein may be used as a ball striking device or a part thereof. For example, a golf club 100 as shown in
The ball striking devices and heads therefore having the face member 112 as described herein provide many benefits and advantages over existing products. For example, the flexing of the second member 134 results in less deformation of the golf ball, which in turn can result in greater impact efficiency and increased ball speed after impact. As another example, the more gradual impact created by the flexing can result in greater energy and velocity transfer to the ball during impact. Still further, because the second member 134 may become larger toward the heel and toe edges 128 of the ball striking surface 114, the head 102 can achieve increased ball speed on impacts that are away from the center or traditional “sweet spot” of the ball striking surface 114. The greater flexibility of the second member 134 near the heel 120 and toe 122 achieves a more flexible impact response at those areas, which offsets the reduced flexibility due to decreased face height at those areas, further improving ball speed at impacts that are away from the center of the ball striking surface 114. Further benefits and advantages are recognized by those skilled in the art.
The benefits of the face member 112 with the lower modulus second member 134 and other body structures described herein can be combined together to achieve additional performance enhancement. Additionally, the features disclosed herein may be combined with other body structures in other regions of a golf club head, such as an elongated channel on the sole, to improve performance. Further benefits and advantages are recognized by those skilled in the art.
While the invention has been described with respect to specific examples including presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the above described systems and methods. Thus, the spirit and scope of the invention should be construed broadly as set forth in the appended claims.
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