Patent Application
20130040757
The present invention relates generally to a golf club head having a striking face portion made from more than one material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a metalwood type golf club head wherein a secondary material is sprayed onto a base substrate to form a chip insert inside a cavity formed near a geometric center of the striking face portion of the golf club head; wherein the secondary material has a higher modulus than the remainder of the striking face. The addition of the sprayed material onto the striking face portion, due to the difference with the base material, may generally require a unique attachment method such as the current innovative spray deposition method. The metalwood type golf club head, by incorporating a secondary material near a geometric center of the striking face portion, improves the overall performance of the golf club head by significantly increasing the size of the sweet spot of a golf club head.
In order to perform well in the game of golf, a golfer needs to be able to execute a variety of different golf shots; with each one of them focusing on a different aspect of the golf game. For example, in order to execute a good chip and or pitch shot, a golfer needs to be able to control the trajectory, distance, and spin of a golf ball for the golf ball to come to rest at a location that is as close to the pin as possible; or more preferably in the hole. In another example, in order to execute a good iron shot, a golfer needs to control the distance and dispersion of the golf shot to ensure that it lands on the green; sacrificing some accuracy in an attempt to achieve distance gains. Finally, in another example, in order to execute a good driver shot, a golfer needs to maximize the distance of the golf shot while maintaining a relatively straight flight path. Based on the above, it can be seen that as the clubs get longer and longer, less and less emphasis is placed on accuracy, and more and more emphasis is placed on distance.
With respect to drive type shots, golf club designers have always attempted to design wood type golf clubs that increase the overall distance of the golf shot while maintaining a relatively straight flight path. U.S. Pat. No. 6,932,716 shows one attempt of increasing the overall distance of a driver type golf club by increasing the coefficient of restitution of the driver type golf club head. More specifically U.S. Pat. No. 6,932,716 attempts to achieve this by creating a golf club head having a matrix layer composed of an interconnected reinforcement structure and a polymer material, wherein the matrix layer provides the golf club head with a greater coefficient of restitution during impact with a golf ball. U.S. Pat. No. 6,719,644 provides another example of increasing the distance of a driver type golf club head by using shallow markings that prevent stress fracture, resulting in a thinner face that provides improved coefficient of restitution.
In order to help golfers maintain more ball speed in a drive type golf shot, golf club designers have attempted to create larger club heads that result in an increase in the moment of inertia of these oversized club heads; as an increase in the moment of inertia prevents the clubhead from undesirable twisting on off center impacts that could reduce the outgoing ballspeed and overall distance. U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,520 provides one example of increasing the overall size of the golf club head to help a golfer hit a ball straighter. More specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,520 discloses a golf club head having a volume ranging from 450 cubic centimeters to 475 cubic centimeters, a mass ranging from 180 grams to 225 grams, and a front to back length ranging from 4.0 inches to 5.0 inches. Moreover, U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,520 also illustrates one of the incidental effects is an increase in the moment of inertia, Iyy, about the center of gravity of the golf club head achieving numbers greater than 4000 grams-centimeters squared.
Although increasing the coefficient of restitution and the moment of inertia of a golf club head both help a golfer hit a golf ball longer and straighter, they are not the be all and end all in achieving longer and straighter drives. In fact, the size of the sweet spot is another one of those factors that can make a significant difference, but is often overlooked. U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,975 identifies the importance of the sweet spot by creating a golf club head a rib structure within the internal cavity of the golf club head to reinforce the club head to prevent collapse or other distortion while providing a relatively large sweet spot. Although U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,975 provides one of the earlier attempts of identifying and increasing the size of the sweet spot of a golf club head, it does so by adding additional material to the internal cavity of the golf club head, which can often be undesirable because it adds too much mass. In order to achieve the same goal without adding weights, a golf club designer could potentially use different materials to form the striking face.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,023 shows an early attempt at the usage of multiple different materials at or near the striking face portion of the golf club head, however, it does so in an attempt to increase the overall flying distance of a golf ball, and makes no mention of increasing the size of the sweet spot. U.S. Pat. No. 3,795,023 discloses a golf club that fixes the striking face of the club head with a ceramic face plate made of a sintered body of metallic oxides such as alumina ceramics, mullite ceramics, etc.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,938 provides a more modern attempt to use multiple different materials by using composite articles on the face plate. More specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,938 discloses a golf club head having a composite face plate, wherein the composite face plate can be made by first forming an oversized lay-up of multiple prepreg plies having a central portion and a sacrificial portion surrounding the central portion. The lay-up is at least partially cured in a mold under elevated pressure and heat, then the lay-up is removed from the mold and the sacrificial portion is removed from the central portion to form a composite part that is substantially free of defects. However, similar to above, U.S. Pat. No. 7,874,938 makes no mention of the ability to increase the sweet spot of a golf club head.
Hence, it can be seen from above, despite all the development in recognizing the importance of increasing the size of the sweet spot, the current art is incapable of achieving improvements in sweet spot size without adding undesirable weight. On the other hand, the attempts of using multiple materials at the striking face without increasing weight fail to incorporate a design that could increase the size of the sweet spot. Hence, there is a need in the art for a golf club head that is capable of utilizing multiple materials in a way that can increase the size of the sweet spot of a golf club head.
In one aspect of the present invention is a golf club head comprising a striking face portion, located at a frontal portion of the golf club head, and a body portion attached to an aft portion of the striking face portion. The striking face portion further comprises a first outer layer, made out of a first material, a second backing layer, made out of a similar material as the first outer layer, and a chip insert, made out of second material. The first outer layer forms an exterior surface of the striking face portion and the second backing layer forms an interior surface of the striking face portion wherein the first outer layer and the second backing layer combine to form a cavity substantially near a geometric center of the striking face portion. The chip insert is placed within the cavity, wherein the striking face portion has a Face Thickness Ratio of less than about 0.875, the Face Thickness Ratio is defined as a thickness of the first outer layer at the geometric center divided by a thickness of the second backing layer at the geometric center.
In another aspect of the present invention is a golf club head comprising a striking face portion, located at a frontal portion of the golf club head, and a body portion attached to an aft portion of the striking face portion. The striking face portion further comprises a first outer layer, made out of a first material, a second backing layer, made out of a similar material as the first outer layer, and a chip insert, made out of second material. The first outer layer forms an exterior surface of the striking face portion and the second backing layer forms an interior surface of the striking face portion wherein the first outer layer and the second backing layer combine to form a cavity substantially near a geometric center of the striking face portion. The chip insert is placed within the cavity, wherein the first material is different from the second material, and the second material has a Young's modulus that is greater than a Young's modulus of the first material.
In another aspect of the present invention is a golf club head comprising a striking face portion, located at a frontal portion of the golf club head, and a body portion attached to an aft portion of the striking face portion. The striking face portion further comprises a first outer layer, made out of a first material, a second backing layer, made out of a similar material as the first outer layer, and a chip insert, made out of second material. The first outer layer forms an exterior surface of the striking face portion and the second backing layer forms an interior surface of the striking face portion wherein the first outer layer and the second backing layer combine to form a cavity substantially near a geometric center of the striking face portion. The chip insert is placed within the cavity, wherein the striking face portion is formed using a liquid interface diffusion process.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with references to the following drawings, description and claims.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the invention.
The following detailed description is of the best currently contemplated modes of carrying out the invention. The description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.
Various inventive features are described below that can each be used independently of one another or in combination with other features. However, any single inventive feature may not address any or all of the problems discussed above or may only address one of the problems discussed above. Further, one or more of the problems discussed above may not be fully addressed by any of the features described below.
In order to show a cross-sectional view of the striking face 102,
The cavity 313, as shown in the current exemplary embodiment of the present invention, may generally have a geometric shape that is identical to the geometric shape of the chip insert 314 to ensure proper bonding of all the components. However, cavity 313 need not have the exact same geometry as the chip insert 314, in fact it can take on other geometric shapes without departing from the scope and content of the present invention so long as it has enough interface with the chip insert 314 to ensure a secure bond between the first outer layer 310, the second backing layer 312, and itself.
Chip insert 314, as shown in the current exemplary embodiment of the present invention, may generally formed out a second material, which is different from the first material. More specifically, the second material may generally have a Young's modulus greater than the Young's modulus of the first material to allow the central portion of the golf club head to move in and out of the golf club head 300 as a single unitary entity to improve performance. Even more specifically, the second material may generally have a Young's modulus of greater than about 130 GPa, more preferably greater than about 150 GPa, and most preferably greater than about 170 GPa. In addition to having a high modulus of elasticity, the second material may generally have a yield strength of greater than about 500 MPa, more preferably greater than about 600 MPa, and most preferably greater than about 700 MPa. Finally, the second material may generally have an ultimate tensile strength of greater than about 750 MPa, more preferably greater than about 850 MPa, and most preferably greater than about 950 MPa. With the material properties of the chip insert 314 disclosed above, it can be seen that there are numerous materials that fit those characteristics, especially in view of the fact that the first material could deviate from titanium in some embodiments. However, in one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chip insert 314 may be constructed out of steel for its ease of availability just as much as for its innate ability to meet the criteria above. Numerous other materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel, ceramic, tungsten, carbide, boron carbide, metal injection molding materials, or any other material that fits the description above may all be used without departing from the scope and content of the present invention so long as it meets the material properties above.
Similar to the first outer layer 310, the chip insert 314 may also be sprayed into the cavity 313 as one of the alternative methodologies of creating the chip insert 314. The utilization of the spray deposition methodology to create the chip insert 314, the details of which will be discussed in more detail later, is preferred in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention as it provides an easy way to join the two different materials. It is important to recognize that the thickness of the spray deposition is critical; as it creates a definite structure within the striking face 302 to sufficiently alter the performance characteristics of the striking face 302. This creation of structure within the chip insert 314 is significantly different from a mere coating that could be applied to the first outer layer 310, as the first outer layer 310's only purpose is to create a thin uniform layer of material to conform with the USGA rules and regulations.
In order to address the flaws of the traditional bonding methods, the present invention incorporates numerous advanced bonding technologies such as diffusion bonding, liquid interface diffusion, diffusion brazing, or even super plastic forming to name a few, as these methodologies, amongst others, could be used achieve the bond strength needed for golf club head applications.
In one exemplary embodiment the first outer layer 410, the second backing layer 412, and the chip insert 414 may be formed together using diffusion bonding techniques. Diffusion bonding is a solid state welding process by which two metals can be bonded together by causing a migration of atoms across the interface by increasing concentration gradients. Diffusion bonding techniques generally involve heating up the materials to an elevated temperature for an extended period of time to allow the materials to create an extremely strong bond across a large surface. More details about the diffusion bonding process can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,367,899, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the components of the striking face portion 402 may be joined together using liquid interface diffusion techniques. Liquid interface diffusion bonds eliminates some of the drawbacks of plain diffusion bonding by utilizing a titanium alloy interface material, an eutectic material, or a ternary material to lessen the surface preparation needed. More specifically, because of the existence of the titanium alloy interface material, liquid interface diffusion drastically reduces the smoothness, cleanliness, and flatness requirement of the mating surfaces to ensure proper diffusion bonding. More details about liquid interface diffusion can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,957,194, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In a further alternative embodiment of the present invention, the components of the striking face portion 402 may be joined together using super plastic forming. Super plastic forming is a metalworking process for forming metallic sheets based on the theory of superelasticity. The super plastic forming process may generally involve metals having ultra-fine grain size being heated up to promote superelasticity, allowing large and complex geometries to be created in one operation. More details about super plastic forming can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,603,808, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In an even further alternative embodiment of the present invention, the components of the striking face portion 402 may be joined together using a spray deposition process briefly described above. By using a spray deposition process, the melted or heated spray material may adhere onto a subject surface without the need for an adhesive or a bonding process, which greatly simplifies the current process. The thermal spray process, as mentioned in this current application, may generally refer to either a plasma spraying process, a detonation spraying process, a wire arc spraying process, a flame spraying process, a high velocity oxy-fuel coating spraying process, a warm spraying process, or even a cold spraying process all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
The application of this thermal spray process to a golf club generally involves feeding the spray material in powder or wire form through a spray nozzle while it is heated to a molten or semimolten state. The spray material is then accelerated towards the substrate in the form of micro-sized particles. Combustion or electrical arc discharge is usually used as the source of energy for thermal spraying process, resulting in an ultimate object made by the accumulation of numerous sprayed particles. More information regarding the thermal spray coating of a golf club can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,593, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The thermal spray process, although generally used to create the chip insert 414, could also be used to create other components of the striking face portion 402 such as the first outer layer 310 or even a variable geometry at the rear of the second backing layer 412 all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. In one example, the thermal spray process could be used to create a “cap” that covers the entire face from the topline down to the leading edge without departing from the scope and content of the present invention.
Before moving onto a the discussion regarding the importance of the relative thickness' of each of the layers with respect to one another, it is important to recognize that each of the thickness' created by the spray deposition process here need to be sufficient enough to establish a structural element within the striking face portion 502. Alternatively speaking, it can be said that the thickness' of each of the layer is significantly thicker than a mere coating, which is critical to the proper operation of the current invention; as each of the layers need to provide enough structure to alter the performance of the striking face portion 502. It should be noted that any layer of material thinner than about 0.1 mm should be considered a coating; while on the other hand, any layer of material thicker than about 1.0 mm should be considered a structural element. Hence it is worth emphasizing here that it is critical to have the thickness of the spray deposition layer be greater than about 1.0 mm, more preferably greater than about 1.25 mm, and most preferably greater than about 1.5 mm.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spray deposition layer may generally relate to the chip insert 514 having a thickness of d3. However, additional layers such as the first outer layer 510 or even the second backing layer 512 may also be formed using this thermal spray process without departing from the scope and content of the present invention so long as one of the layer formed has a thickness greater than the criticality thickness of thicker than about 1.0 mm. In fact, in an even further alternative embodiment of the present invention, the entire first outer layer 510 can be created using a spray deposition process to create a frontal layer without the existence of a chip insert 514 or a cavity 513 so long as it meets the requisite thickness requirements to create a structural supporting layer. Hence, it can be said that the striking face portion 502 of the present invention has at least one layer formed by a thermal spray, wherein the at least one layer has a thickness of greater than about 1.0 mm, more preferably greater than about 1.25 mm, and most preferably greater than about 1.5 mm.
Although the relative thicknesses of the various regions of the striking face portion 502 have all been disclosed above, it is worthwhile to re-emphasize the importance of the thicknesses with respect to one another. More specifically, because the second backing layer 512 is subjected to tension stresses that are significantly higher than the compressive stresses at the first outer layer 510, the thickness d2 of the second backing layer 512 needs to be significantly greater than the thickness of the first outer layer 510. In order to properly capture the thickness requirements of the various portions of the various components required for the striking face portion 502 to have sufficient durability, a “Face Thickness Ratio” is created below in Equation (1) to capture the relationship between thickness d1 and thickness d2.
The striking face portion 502 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may generally have a “Face Thickness Ratio” of less than about 0.875, more preferably less than about 0.66, and most preferably less than about 0.50.
Chip insert 514 may generally be substantially circular or oval in shape with a major axis length of about 21.75 mm and a minor axis of about 11.63 mm. Combined with an approximate thickness of about 2.0 mm described above, the chip insert 514 may generally have a volume of about 371.45 mm3; however minor deviations in the total volume of the chip insert 514 could occur while still achieving the same performance gains. More specifically, chip insert 514 may have a volume of between about 300 mm3 and about 400 mm3, or even a volume of between about 250 mm3 and 450 mm3, all without departing from the scope and content of the present invention. Finally, because it may generally be undesirable to add excessive weight to the striking face portion 502 of the golf club head, it is generally desirable to keep the weight of the chip insert 514 as minimal as possible. Hence, given some of the material properties discussed above and the volume ranges above, the chip insert 514 may generally have a mass of less than 3.0 grams, more preferably less than 2.95 grams, and most preferably less than 2.90 grams.
Before moving onto discussions about other embodiments of the present invention, it is important to point out here that the chip insert 514 may take on a dome like shape, with the flat side facing the first outer layer 510 and the rounded side facing the second backing layer 512. This specific construction eliminates sharp corners at the rear of the second backing layer 512, which could be points of elevated stress when subjected to impact forces. Because the tension stresses at the second backing layer 512 is significantly higher than the compressive stresses at the first outer layer 510, it is important to keep the rounded side of the cavity on the second backing layer 512. The flat side of the dome interacts with the first outer layer 510 because the compressive stresses are not as significant, and because this type of dome cavity construction is easier to create using traditional machining methods.
Finally,
Other than in the operating example, or unless otherwise expressly specified, all of the numerical ranges, amounts, values and percentages such as those for amounts of materials, moment of inertias, center of gravity locations, loft, draft angles, various performance ratios, and others in the aforementioned portions of the specification may be read as if prefaced by the word “about” even though the term “about” may not expressly appear in the value, amount, or range. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Furthermore, when numerical ranges of varying scope are set forth herein, it is contemplated that any combination of these values inclusive of the recited values may be used.
It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates to exemplary embodiments of the present invention and that modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
The present application is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/207,344, filed Aug. 10, 2011, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13207344 | Aug 2011 | US |
| Child | 13570274 | US |
