Patent Grant
10850169
The disclosure relates to golf clubs.
People are drawn to golf for a number of reasons. For example, many people innately enjoy challenges of personal skill. But unlike more intensive sports like weightlifting or basketball, golf is more inclusive. People of all ages can play, and golf does not require any particular trait such as extreme muscle mass or height. Every golfer has some chance of making a hole in one and sooner or later, most golfers do. Golf is attractive because players get to spend time outdoors, in beautiful locales. The fact that golf is one of the professional sports in which every playing field is unique adds to its appeal. Players can seek out new and diverse environments in which to play. People like golf because it is a prestigious sport. Anyone can play. Every player at least occasionally makes a great shot. But winning a tournament shows that a golfer has excelled at his or her game and mastered the sport. Perhaps the overriding reason that people are drawn to golf is the opportunity to demonstrate mastery, the chance to excel.
To excel at golf, one must consistently hit well. One must be able to make long drives towards the green, for example. From the tee box, a golfer would like to get the ball way down the fairway, close to or even onto the green without going out into the rough. To achieve such performance, the golfer needs golf clubs such as a driver that hits the ball a great distance and is forgiving with off-center hits. Unfortunately, designing a golf club involves engineering tradeoffs between distance and forgiveness.
One approach to making a golf club head forgiving to off-center hits involves increasing the club head's moment of inertia about a vertical axis. This is done by placing as much mass of the club head as possible far out towards the outer edges of the heel, toe, and aft areas of the club head. This type of mass distribution means that portions of the crown and sole and other key structural areas of the club head must be light weight, i.e., made with a minimal amount of mass. Such a construction may sacrifice durability of the club head. A good golfer may swing the driver such that the club head hits the ball while travelling at 100 miles per hour. Repeated hits with this much force may fatigue or crack fragile materials. As such, key portions of the crown and sole must be built durably, with thick and heavy materials, lest the golf club head crack and fail early in its life.
The invention provides a golf club head with an openwork internal structural element that provides strength and stiffening at key points of the club head and/or attenuates sound while adding little to the overall mass. Openwork—from architecture and design—generally refers to materials with lattice-like or trellis-like structures, or pieces that have defined or irregular patterns of holes, piercings, gaps, or apertures through surfaces of the material. A golf club head may be given an openwork internal rib that reinforces regions of high strain, thereby minimizing material fatigue and preventing early breakage of the club head. The internal rib or support member may brace an inside surface of a ball-striking face, thereby optimizing a rebound effect of the club head without sacrificing structural integrity. Because the internal rib or buttress or other such element has an openwork structure, it adds little mass to the club head in proportion to how much the element contributes to strength and durability of the club head. Because the club head can be significantly reinforced and structurally improved without significant increases in mass, discretionary mass is “freed up”, allowing the club head designer to locate mass of the club head distal from a vertical axis, thereby increasing moment of inertia about the vertical axis. Because the club head has a high moment of inertia, it is forgiving to off-center hits. Because the club head is structurally reinforced, it can strike balls with great speed without compromise to its material integrity, and thus can make very long shots. Because club head is forgiving and achieves great distance, it will provide playing satisfaction to a great variety of golfers, golfers with diverse playing strengths and skills. For those reasons, the golf club will aid players in making long shots that go far towards the green without ending up in the rough. Thus the golf club will give many different players opportunities to experience and demonstrate their mastery and excellence at the sport.
An important benefit of the invention is the ability to attenuate sound in a golf club head by the inclusion of a support member with an openwork structure. Some golfers may find that their game suffers if they hear a distracting or unpleasant sound when a golf club strikes a golf ball. Methods such as finite element analysis may be used to determine a location for a support member that modulates such a distracting or unpleasant sound into a striking sound that is less invasive and detrimental to play. By virtue of an openwork structure, the sound-attenuating support member does not add significant mass to a club head, allowing the club head to have an optimal mass distribution and an optimal sound. For such embodiments, a support member may be disposed at any suitable location within the club head. For example, the support member may extend from crown to sole, or may be disposed in any orientation inside the head.
Another benefit of the invention is the ability to tune physical dynamics of a ball-striking face of a club head. Thus an openwork structure may be provided as, for example, a rib making substantial contact with a back surface of the face. A rib structure on the face may be used to optimize the rebound effect without sacrificing structural integrity since the face must withstand the ball impact forces. A support member or openwork rib may be disposed wholly on the face, or may extend over both a back surface of the face and an inside surface of a crown, sole, or both, or may form a bridge between a back surface of the face and an inside surface of a crown, sole, or both.
Embodiments of the invention include a rational methodology for making such a club in which each step of component fabrication and assembly is controlled according to a systematic analysis. A hypothetical club head is modeled, and finite element analysis identifies optimal regions of the model for a structural element, such as a reinforcing rib, truss, or buttress. An overall suitable shape for such a rib is determined, and regions for the exclusion of material can be identified in the shape via a systematic and replicable process such as determining a Voronoi or a honeycomb pattern through the shape. The shape with its material exclusion regions is used in manufacturing the structural element. For example, a crown and sole of the club head can be fabricated (e.g., by casting or molding), and the structural element can be 3D printed from a set of computer instructions embodying the shape.
A 3D printer can implement fashioning a complex shape with an arbitrary pattern of excluded material, i.e., an openwork structural element. The printed structural element can be fastened to the crown, sole, or other components before those are joined together into a finished club head. For example, where the openwork structure is 3D printed from a metal such as titanium, by a process such as direct laser metal sintering, the structural element may be welded (e.g., tack-welded) to an inside surface of the sole before the sole and crown are joined (e.g., by an adhesive).
In certain aspects, the invention provides a golf club head. The golf club head includes a ball-striking face with a crown and a sole extending back from the ball-striking face and cooperating to define an enclosed hollow body. A hosel extends upwards from a heel side of the hollow body when the club head is at address. A support member comprising an openwork structure is disposed within the hollow body. Due to the discretionary mass associated with the use of an openwork structure, the club head may include other features relating to mass, such as extreme perimeter weighting, or user-adjustable mass-adjustment mechanisms. Thus, in some embodiments, the club head further includes an adjustment mechanism for adjusting a feature of the club head. The adjustment mechanism may include one or more attachment points for removable features. For example, the club head may include at least one removable weight removably attached to at least one of the one or more attachment points such that the adjustment-mechanism allows for adjustment of a mass or mass distribution of the club head.
In some embodiments, the support member defines a rib, fastened at least partially to an interior surface of the sole. In some embodiments, the support member defines an extended ridge with at least a first side and a second side and the openwork structure includes a plurality of apertures through the first side and the second side.
In preferred embodiments, the support member is made by an additive or subtractive manufacturing process, such as by 3D printing or by computer numeric controlled (CNC) machining. In a most preferred embodiment, the support member is 3D printed and comprises a metal. The support member may be attached to an inside surface of the hollow body (e.g., by tack-welding). A support member has an openwork structure that may be a systematically determined structure. For example, the openwork structure may define a Voronoi pattern or a honeycomb structure.
In some preferred embodiments, the club head is a driver-style club head in which the crown includes metal, composite, plastic, thermoplastic, or carbon fiber, and in which the sole includes a first metal, and further in which the the support member is fastened to an inside surface of the sole. The openwork structure of the support member is a 3D-printed lattice. The support member may define a rib extending along an inside surface of the sole such that the rib has the lattice structure as the openwork structure. The support member may be described as an extended ridge with at least a first side and a second side and the openwork structure includes a plurality of apertures through the first side and the second side. In some embodiments, the support member defines an extended, substantially planar rib and the openwork structure includes a plurality of apertures through the rib. In certain embodiments, the support member defines a buttress extending between an inside surface of the hosel and an inside surface of the sole. Whichever form, the openwork structure preferably defines a mesh-like or lattice-like structure, which may include, e.g., a Voronoi pattern or a honeycomb structure.
Aspects of the invention provide a method of making a golf club head. The method includes creating a digital model of club head (the modelled club head includes at least a crown and a sole cooperating to define an enclosed hollow body with a hosel extending upwards from a heel side of the hollow body when the club head is at address; the model is stored in a non-transitory memory), analyzing the model to determine an optimal location for a support member, and determining an openwork structure for the support member. The method further includes fabricating the crown and the sole, making the support member, attaching the support member to an inside surface of the sole, and joining the crown with the sole to form the enclosed hollow body. Fabricating the crown or the sole may be done by casting or molding. The support member is preferably made by an additive or subtractive manufacturing process such as 3D printing with a metal. The support member may be attached to an inside surface of the club head by use of an adhesive or welding. Optionally, a ball-striking face is welded to the enclosed hollow body to form a playable golf club head.
The model may be created using a computer (with a processor coupled to non-transitory memory) and stored as one or more files in the non-transitory memory (for 3D printing). An optimal location within the club head for the support member may be determined by performing a finite element analysis of the model to identify at least one location of the model where a golf club head built according to the model will exhibit strain in response to stress associated with striking a golf ball. The openwork structure may be determined according to a systematic application of pre-determined rules. In some embodiments of the method determining the openwork structure includes designing an outer form for the support member using the computer and adding the openwork structure to the outer form according to a predetermined methodology. For example, the openwork structure may be determined according to a predetermined methodology such as by partitioning (using computer modeling software) a planar surface on a computer model of the support member into regions to define a Voronoi diagram.
In preferred embodiments, the method is used to create a driver-style club head. The sole may be made with metal and the crown made with a thermoplastic, composite, or polymer. The crown may be joined with the sole via the application of adhesive. In preferred embodiments, making the support member is done by additive manufacturing of a metal. Preferably, the method proceeds by fabricating the sole, then attaching the support member to an inside surface of the sole by welding; and then joining the crown with the sole to form the enclosed hollow body.
The invention relates to a golf club head, such as a metal wood head, with a support member within the head to reinforce what would otherwise be structural weak points and/or to improve club head function. The invention also relates to methods of making such a club head by creating a model of the club head and analyzing the model to determine an optimal location for the support member. Analyzing the model to determine the optimal location for the support member may be done by performing a finite element analysis (FEA) of the model to identify key locations, such as a region of the model at which a golf club head built according to the model would exhibit strain (e.g., deformation, fatigue, or breakage) in response to stress associated with striking a golf ball. To optimize mass distribution and playing characteristics of the club head, the support member is given an openwork structure.
Methods of the invention may use the FEA to determine locations for rib optimization, and may use openwork structure to optimize a shape of the rib, its internal structure, material usage, or mass distribution. Preferred embodiments of methods of the invention employ FEA to place a rib or internal support member in an optimized location and also use an algorithmic method to optimize the shape, material usage, or structure of the rib to achieve an optimized rib that minimizes the material needed to provide the most optimized structure. Modeling material and structure of the rib (e.g., by reducing a digital model of a bulk mass of material to an openwork structure by computationally adding exclusionary zones according to a systematic approach such as drawing a Voronoi pattern on the modelled structural element and then extending that pattern through the model to create exclusionary zones) may mean that material is generally removed while still providing the needed stiffness. The resulting support member has an openwork structure. Embodiments of the invention include techniques for making the support member with its openwork structure. Suitable techniques include additive manufacturing of metal components such as by direct laser metal sintering or 3D printing. Components may be made by reductive techniques such as computer-numeric controlled (CNC) milling. Components may also be made by rapid prototyping out of metal that is then welded to a club head or rapid prototyping out of polymer or wax that is then investment cast into metal.
The described methods may be used to produce a support member with an openwork structure that is assembled into a golf club head (e.g., spot-welded into the club head). The support member may provide a rib or truss having a lattice-like structure, e.g., a rib with a resemblance to organic bone marrow, radiolarian protozoan, or more linear man-made lattice type structures.
Openwork or open-work is a term in architecture, art, design and related fields for techniques and materials characterized by holes, piercings, or gaps through a solid material such as metal, wood, stone, pottery, cloth, leather, or ivory. Openwork structures may make use of additive techniques that build up the workpiece or techniques that take a plain material and make cuts or holes in it. See U.S. Pat. No. 6,956,792, incorporated by reference.
The club head 101 may be made of any suitable material or materials including materials such as metals, plastics, metal alloys, composite materials, others, or combinations thereof. For example, the crown 116 may include metal, composite, plastic, thermoplastic, or carbon fiber. In certain embodiments, the sole 118 will include a metal (which may be referred to as a first metal, not to imply an order but to distinguish from other metals used in the club head 101, whether those metals are the same or different). For example, the sole 118 as well as portions of the body 108 (e.g., the heel portion 112, the toe portion 114, and the aft portion 111) may be made of a first metal or metal alloy such as pure or alloyed steel, titanium, aluminum, others, or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the sole 118, the heel portion 112, the toe portion 114, and the aft portion 111 or provided as one titanium casting. The crown 116 may be a lightweight material such as a composite, carbon fiber, or pre-peg that is bonded to the titanium casting by, for example, an adhesive around a perimeter of the crown.
As mentioned, the sole 118, the heel portion 112, the toe portion 114, the aft portion 111, and the crown 116 cooperate to define an enclosed, hollow body 108 of the club head 101. The club head 101 includes, within the enclosed hollow body 108, an openwork internal structural element that provides strength and stiffening at key points of the club head while adding little to the overall mass.
A support member of the invention may have any suitable shape or configuration. For example, rib and ridge generally refer to shapes and any other suitable shape may be used, including apparently irregular shape. Configuration generally describes the shape and positioning of the support member within the club head.
Each support member 301, 305 may be made independently of making other parts for the club head 101. In some embodiments, the support member 301, 305 is made by an additive or subtractive manufacturing. For example, the support member 301, 305 may be made by CNC machining (subtractive). In certain embodiments, the support member 301, 305 is made by additive manufacturing, for example by 3D printing. One methods for making a 3D printed metal piece is direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). A piece may be 3D printed via DMLS according to methods set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,323,122, 8,007,373, or U.S. Pat. No. 9,330,406, each incorporated by reference. A piece may be made using techniques described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,723,278 or 6,122,564, both incorporated by reference. Such techniques may be used so that the support member 301, 301 is 3D printed and comprises a metal. Preferably, the support member 301, 305 is tack-welded to an inside surface of the hollow body 108. Embodiments may include features or methods described in U.S. Pub. 2017/0173414; U.S. Pat. No. 9,364,726; or U.S. Pat. No. 7,887,433, each incorporated by reference.
Each support member 301, 305 includes an openwork structure 306. A feature of the disclosure is the provision of methods for creating a support member with an openwork structure 306. In the depicted embodiments, the openwork structure 306 may include a plurality of apertures with at least one of the plurality of apertures being defined by an aperture edge that is shared and overlaps with at least two other apertures in the plurality of apertures. Where the support member is created via additive manufacturing, for example, the support member may be made with reference to a CAD model. Additive manufacturing allows for workpieces that include hypothetically impossible-to-mold topologies, such as openwork structures. Within a model of part(s) or all of a club head, a computer system may be used to determine an openwork structure according to a set of rules. For example, an openwork structure 306 may define a Voronoi pattern or a honeycomb structure. By including an openwork structure 306, a mass of the support member is significantly reduced (relative to a club head that is similar but lacks an openwork structure). Because the mass is reduced, a club head designer has additional discretionary mass to place elsewhere on the club head. For such reasons, it is particularly beneficial to include an openwork structure 306 on a club head with an adjustment mechanism, such as a mechanism for adjusting (e.g., by a golfer) a mass distribution of a club head.
Because the club head 101 includes one or more support member with an openwork structure, mass is freed up and the club head 101 can also include an adjustment mechanism 701 with features such as re-positionable weights 711, allowing a golfer to adjust the club head mass. Due to the freed up discretionary mass, those weights 711 may have a mass higher than would otherwise be possible. Thus a golfer may opt to position a high amount of mass near an aft section of the club head, giving that golfer very long drives in which the ball bores forward. As such, the support members may have particular applicability within a driver-style club head.
Similar methods may be applied to the fabrication of other parts of the club head, In certain embodiments, a component of a club head is designed with an openwork structure and fabricated, and added as part of a club head. Any suitable part may be created by such processes. Example parts that may be made by 3D design and 3D printing include a ball-striking face, a medallion, a hosel, or other parts of the club head. Any suitable 3D printing method is used. For example, in some embodiments, the support member includes a non-metallic or metallic material (or both), and is made via sintering.
Analyzing 913 the model to locate the support member may be done by any suitable means. For example, finite element analysis may be performed in modeling software using an algorithmic method to determine the best placement, shape, structure, and material for the support member. A finite element analysis of the model may be used to identify a location of the model where a golf club head built according to the model will exhibit strain in response to stress associated with striking a golf ball. Locating a support member in such a high-strain location may benefit the club head by reinforcing what may otherwise be a point of early materials fatigue or failure.
Determining 925 an openwork structure for the support member may include the use of any suitable stratagem or modeling tools. Preferred embodiments exploit that the support member will be made by additive manufacturing such as 3D printing, allowing arbitrarily complex topologies. The openwork structure may be determined using a tool such as Autodesk Meshmixer. The openwork structure may be added to the support member within such a tool by the application of a systematic set of rules, such as by making a Voronoi Pattern on a surface of the member and then 3D printing the support member to exclude material under the closed loops of the Voronoi pattern. Another tool that may be used is the Rhino Plugin ‘Grasshopper’.
In preferred embodiments, the model is created 905 using a computer comprising a processor coupled to non-transitory memory, and the model is stored as one or more files in the non-transitory memory. Determining 925 the openwork structure may be done by designing an outer form for the support member using a computer comprising a processor coupled to non-transitory memory and adding the openwork structure to the outer form according to a predetermined methodology. Preferably, the openwork structure is determined 925 according to a predetermined methodology that includes partitioning, using computer modeling software, a planar surface on a computer model of the support member into regions to define a Voronoi diagram.
In some embodiments of the method fabricating 929 the crown and the sole includes casting or molding. Any suitable material may be used. For example, the sole may be made of metal such as titanium and the crown may be made from a thermoplastic, composite, or polymer.
In certain embodiments, making 935 the support member is done by an additive manufacturing, e.g., from one or more metals, such as by 3D printing. The support member is made 935 by 3D printing and attached to an inside surface of the sole via welding. Additive manufacturing according to the disclosure allows for seamlessly transitioning one material to another. Additive manufacturing thus provides for joining dissimilar materials. Internal support members such as ribs may be made according to such methods due to the level of intricate detail that can be obtained via methods such as 3D printing.
The support member 301,305 with its intricate openwork structure 306 may then be attached 941 to the club head by, for example, welding.
The crown may by joined 947 to the sole. This may be done by the application of adhesive. It may be preferable to perform the steps of process 901 by first fabricating 929 the sole 118 (e.g., by casting titanium), then attaching 941 the support member 301, 305 to an inside surface of the sole 118 by welding, and then joining 947 the crown 116 with the sole 118 to form the enclosed hollow body 108. E.g., the crown 116 may be a carbon fiber or prepeg piece that is cemented to the sole 119 around its perimeter.
Thus, the process 901 is a method of making a golf club head, the method comprising: creating a model of club head that includes at least a crown and a sole cooperating to define an enclosed hollow body with a hosel extending upwards from a heel side of the hollow body when the club head is at address; analyzing the model to determine an optimal location for a support member; determining an openwork structure for the support member; fabricating the crown and the sole; making the support member; attaching the support member to an inside surface of the sole; and joining the crown with the sole to form the enclosed hollow body.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein fabricating the crown and the sole include casting or molding, wherein making the support member includes 3D printing, and wherein attaching the support member to an inside surface of the sole includes welding.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein creating the model is performed using a computer comprising a processor coupled to non-transitory memory, and the model is stored in one or more files in the non-transitory memory.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein determining the openwork structure includes designing an outer form for the support member using a computer comprising a processor coupled to non-transitory memory and adding the openwork structure to the outer form according to a predetermined methodology.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein the openwork structure is determined according to a predetermined methodology that includes partitioning, using computer modeling software, a planar surface on a computer model of the support member into regions to define a Voronoi diagram.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein analyzing the model to determine the optimal location for the support member includes performing a finite element analysis of the model to identify at least one location of the model where a golf club head built according to the model will exhibit strain in response to stress associated with striking a golf ball.
The process provides embodiments of the method, further comprising welding a ball-striking face to the enclosed hollow body to form a playable golf club head.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein the club head is a driver. The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein the sole comprises metal, the crown comprises a thermoplastic, composite, or polymer, and wherein joining the crown with the sole includes the application of adhesive.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein the openwork structure is determined according to a systematic application of pre-determined rules.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein making the support member comprises additive manufacturing of a metal.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein the recited steps specifically include fabricating the sole, then attaching the support member to an inside surface of the sole by welding; and then joining the crown with the sole to form the enclosed hollow body.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein the openwork structure is determined according to a systematic application of pre-determined rules that generates a Voronoi pattern.
The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein the golf club head comprises an adjustment mechanism for adjusting a feature of the club head. The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein the adjustment mechanism includes one or more attachment points for removable features. The process provides embodiments of the method, wherein the golf club head further comprises at least one removable weight removably attached to at least one of the one or more attachment points such that the adjustment-mechanism allows for adjustment of a mass or mass distribution of the club head.
Other embodiments are within the scope of the invention including, for example, support members in which an overall shape generally extends transversely, or heel-to-toe, within a club head.
An important benefit of the invention is the ability to attenuate sound in a golf club head by the inclusion of a support member with an openwork structure.
In preferred embodiments, the support member 214 is manufactured by an additive or subtractive manufacturing process, such as by 3D printing. For example, the support member 214 may be 3D printed from a set of computer instructions embodying the shape.
A 3D printer can form the support member 214 with its openwork structural element 218. The support member 214 may be fastened to the crown, sole, or other components before those are joined together into a finished club head. For example, where the openwork structure is 3D printed from a metal such as titanium, by a process such as direct laser metal sintering, the structural element may be welded so that it is fastened in place by one or more welds 222 to an inside surface of the club head 200.
Preferably, the golf club head 200 has a hollow body defined by the crown 202, a heel portion 204, the toe portion 206, the aft portion 208, the sole 210, ball-striking face 212 and a hosel 213. The club head 200 may include any suitable number of the support members 214 such as one, two, three, four, or more. In the depicted embodiment, a single support member 214 extends between the attachment points 216 included on crown portion 202 and sole portion 210 and alters the vibration behavior of club head 200. In the depicted embodiment, the placement of support member 214 corresponds to a desired configuration for a club head having vibration characteristics. In particular, support member 214 may located so that it contacts the crown 202 adjacent a location of maximum displacement of a low frequency vibration mode.
It may be convenient to fashion the crown 202, sole 210, or both such that the attachment points 216 appear as bosses, embossed spots, or other features to guide attachment of the support member 214. However, this is not required and in some embodiments, the attachment points 216 are simply the locations at which the support member is attached (e.g., by welding) to an inside surface of the club head 200.
The support member 214 includes an openwork structure 218 and is characterized by holes, piercings, or gaps through a solid material such as metal, plastic, or both. Preferably, the support member 214 is made by 3D printing and is made of a metal.
The club head 200 may be made of any suitable material or materials including materials such as metals, plastics, metal alloys, composite materials, others, or combinations thereof. For example, the crown 116 may include metal, composite, plastic, thermoplastic, or carbon fiber. In certain embodiments, the sole 210 will include a metal (which may be referred to as a first metal, not to imply an order but to distinguish from other metals used in the club head 200, whether those metals are the same or different). For example, the sole 210 as well as any of the heel portion 204, the toe portion 206, and the aft portion 208 may be made of a first metal or metal alloy such as pure or alloyed steel, titanium, aluminum, others, or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the sole 210, the heel portion 204, the toe portion 206, and the aft portion 208 or provided as one titanium casting. The crown 202 may be a lightweight material such as a composite, carbon fiber, or pre-peg that is bonded to the titanium casting by, for example, an adhesive around a perimeter of the crown.
References and citations to other documents, such as patents, patent applications, patent publications, journals, books, papers, web contents, have been made throughout this disclosure. All such documents are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The foregoing embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects illustrative rather than limiting on the invention described herein. Scope of the invention is thus indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5997415 | Wood | Dec 1999 | A |
| 7632193 | Thielen | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 8430763 | Beach | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 9138619 | Takechi | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9174103 | Curtis | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9498684 | Motokawa | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9855475 | Motokawa | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 10343031 | Day | Jul 2019 | B1 |
| 20110312437 | Sargent | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20140221125 | Day | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20150151175 | Lytle | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15786723 | Oct 2017 | US |
| Child | 16382953 | US |
