Patent Application
20140378245
This disclosure relates generally to the field of golf clubs. More particularly, it relates to a golf club head with a textured striking face for imparting greater spin to a golf ball when the golf ball is struck.
A common goal of golf club head design, specifically for iron-type and utility-type club heads, and particularly for wedges, is to create a striking face for the club head that imparts significant spin to a struck ball. The striking face of such a club head typically has a plurality of parallel horizontal grooves or score lines. These score lines assist in imparting spin at least by channeling water and debris, and by increasing the friction between the striking face and the surface of the ball. The spin-imparting qualities provided by such score lines are limited, however, by United States Golf Association (“USGA” herein) regulations governing score line geometry (and similar regulations of other international golf equipment regulatory bodies). Morever, conventional score lines fail to account for low-scale dynamic interactions between the striking face and the ball.
Further improvements in the spin-imparting characteristics of club head striking faces have included the provision of low-scale surface textures in addition to, or in place of, the conventional score lines. Such surface textures, however, tend not to take into account the specific interaction between a conventional elastomer-covered golf ball and a metallic striking face. Moreover, conventional surface texturing is subject to rapid wear, is often costly to produce, and may detract from the aesthetic quality of the club head. Furthermore, conventional striking face textures are generally ineffective at providing a high degree of spin for each of the multitude of different types of golf shots that a golfer may attempt For example, a ball hit with a club having a conventional club head that is swung at a specific speed would have different degrees of spin depending on whether the ball is squarely addressed by the club face or hit with an open club face. Other conditions, such as moisture on the club face and/or the ball, and whether the ball is struck with a full swing, half swing, or chip-type swing of the club, can affect the degree of spin imparted to the ball.
The creation of spin, particularly back-spin, on a struck golf ball, is largely a function of the magnitude of the frictional contact or “traction” between the striking face of the club head and the ball on impact. Where a high degree of back-spin is desired, as in higher number irons and wedges, maximizing this traction factor is therefore a design goal. Increased traction is generally associated with increased surface roughness of the striking face. Surface roughness is commonly expressed in terms of Ra, defined as follows:
where n is the number of sampling points and y is the deviation from a mean line (at a given sampling point). As a practical matter, Ra represents the average of deviations from a mean line over a 2-dimensional sample length of a surface.
Another surface roughness parameter is known as Rt (sometimes referred to as Ry). This parameter represents the maximum peak-to-trough distance in a given 2-dimensional sample length of a surface.
The regulations of the USGA limit the surface roughness of the striking face of golf clubs generally to a degree of roughness no greater than that imparted by sand-blasting or fine milling. In practical terms, this standard has been interpreted to mean a surface having a value of Ra no greater than 0.0046 mm (180 μin.), and a value of Rt of no more than 0.025 mm (1000 μin.). Thus, the need is evident to maximize the traction between the club face and the struck ball without exceeding the roughness maximum established by USGA rules.
Accordingly, a textured striking face for a golf club head has been sought that imparts a high degree of spin to the ball for a wide variety of golf shots under a wide variety of conditions, that has good wear characteristics, that complies with USGA rules, and that enhances (or at least does not detract from) the aesthetic qualities of the club head.
In accordance with one embodiment, a golf club head is provided having a heel portion, a toe portion opposite the heel portion, a hosel adapted to receive a shaft, a striking face, and a rear surface opposite the striking face. The striking face can include a plurality of score lines that have an average depth no less than about 0.10 mm. The striking face can also have a first micro-groove pattern and a second micro-groove pattern overlaid on the first micro-groove pattern. The first micro-groove pattern has a plurality of arcuate first micro-grooves that are parallel to one another, each of the first micro-grooves having a first average depth no greater than about 0.025 mm and a first average width no greater than about 0.51 mm. The second micro-groove pattern has a plurality of second micro-grooves that are parallel to one another, each of the second micro-grooves having a second average depth no greater than about 0.025 mm and a second average width different than the first average width.
In some such embodiments the second average depth is greater than the first average depth, and in some embodiments is a whole number multiple of the first average width.
In other embodiments the second arcuate micro-grooves are substantially parallel to the first arcuate micro-grooves.
Other embodiments can additionally comprise a third micro-groove pattern comprising a plurality of arcuate third micro-grooves that are parallel to one another. Each of the third micro-grooves can have a third average depth no less than the second average depth and a third average width no less than the second average width.
In some such embodiments the third micro-grooves are not parallel to at least one of the first and second micro-grooves.
In further embodiments the striking face additionally comprises a plurality of surface treatment regions overlaid onto the first and second micro-groove patterns. The plurality of surface treatment regions can comprise heat-treated regions. The plurality of surface treatment regions can also or instead comprise laser etched regions. In some embodiments, each of the surface treatment regions extends along a generally linear path.
Another embodiment provides a golf club head comprising a heel portion, a toe portion opposite the heel portion, a hosel adapted to receive a shaft, a striking face, and a rear surface opposite the striking face. The striking face can include a plurality of score lines each having an average depth no less than about 0.10 mm, a first micro-groove pattern and a second micro-groove pattern overlaid on the first micro-groove pattern. The first micro-groove pattern comprises a plurality of parallel arcuate first micro-grooves, each of the first micro-grooves having a first cross-sectional profile that defines a first average depth no greater than about 0.025 mm and a first average width no greater than about 0.51 mm, and following a first arcuate path that curves about a first center of curvature. The second micro-groove pattern comprises a plurality of parallel arcuate second micro-grooves, each of the second micro-grooves having a second cross-sectional profile that defines a second average depth no greater than about 0.025 mm and a second average width no greater than about 0.51 mm, and following a second arcuate path that curves about a second center of curvature. One or more of the second average depth, second average width and second center of curvature are different than respective ones of the first average depth, first average width and first center of curvature.
In some such embodiments the golf club head has a virtual ground plane when the golf club head is in a reference position, and the first center of curvature is below the virtual ground plane. In additional embodiments the second center of curvature is also below the virtual ground plane. But in further embodiments the second center of curvature is above the virtual ground plane.
In further embodiments aligned first ends of the score lines, proximate the heel, define a first virtual vertical plane and aligned second ends of the score lines, proximate the toe, define a second virtual vertical plane, and the first center of curvature is between the first and second virtual vertical planes. In some such embodiments the second center of curvature is above the virtual ground plane and between the first and second virtual vertical planes.
In yet additional embodiments the second center of curvature is offset 180° from the first center of curvature. But in some additional embodiments the second center of curvature is aligned with the first center of curvature.
Yet further embodiments can additionally comprise a third micro-groove pattern overlaid onto the first and second micro-groove patterns, the third micro-groove pattern comprising a plurality of third micro-grooves, each of the third micro-grooves having a third average depth no greater than about 0.025 mm, a third average width no greater than about 0.51 mm, and following a third arcuate path that curves about a third center of curvature, the third arcuate grooves being parallel to one another. One or more of the third average depth, third average width and third center of curvature is different than respective ones of the second average depth, second average width and second center of curvature.
In some such embodiments the third center of curvature is above the virtual ground plane, and the third micro-grooves are not parallel to the first or second micro-grooves.
In yet further embodiments a method of making a golf club head is provided, comprising providing a club head main body including a striking face; and forming a first textured surface pattern in the striking face, the first textured surface pattern imparting a surface roughness value to the striking face. Forming the first texture surface pattern comprises forming a first micro-groove pattern and forming a second micro-groove pattern superimposed on the first micro-groove pattern. Forming the first micro-groove pattern comprises forming a plurality of arcuate first micro-grooves that are parallel to one another, each of the first micro-grooves having a first average depth, a first average width, and following a first arcuate path that curves about a first center of curvature. Forming the second micro-groove pattern comprises forming a plurality of arcuate second micro-grooves that are parallel to one another, each of the second micro-grooves having a second average depth, a second average width, and following a second arcuate path that curves about a second center of curvature. One or more of the second average depth, second average width and second center of curvature are different than respective ones of the first average depth, first average width and first center of curvature.
In some embodiments forming the first micro-groove pattern comprises mechanically milling the first micro-grooves at a first milling depth, and milling at a first feed rate.
In further embodiments, forming the second micro-groove pattern comprises mechanically milling the second micro-grooves at a second milling depth, and milling at a second feed rate, wherein the second milling depth is deeper than the first milling depth and the second feed rate is greater than the first feed rate. In other embodiments, forming the second micro-groove pattern comprises mechanically milling the second micro-grooves at a second milling depth, and milling at a second feed rate, wherein the second milling depth is deeper than the first milling depth and the second feed rate is greater than the first feed rate.
Other embodiments additionally comprise forming a third micro-groove pattern comprising a plurality of arcuate third micro-grooves that are parallel to one another, each of the third micro-grooves having a third average depth, a third average width, and following a third arcuate path that curves about a third center of curvature, the third micro-groove pattern being superimposed on the first and second micro-groove patterns, wherein the third center of curvature is different than the second center of curvature so that the third micro-grooves cross the second micro-grooves.
In some embodiments, forming the third micro-groove pattern comprises mechanically milling the third micro-grooves at the second milling depth.
Some embodiments additionally comprise forming a second textured surface pattern superimposed on the first textured surface pattern in the striking face so as to increase the surface roughness value of the striking face. In some embodiments, forming the second textured surface pattern includes laser etching the second textured surface pattern.
The drawings and their descriptions may indicate sizes, shapes and configurations of the various components. Such depictions and descriptions should not be interpreted as limiting. Alternative sizes, shapes and configurations are also contemplated as within the scope of this disclosure.
Referring first to
The golf club head 10 is preferably formed of a metal, e.g. titanium, steel, stainless steel, or alloys thereof. More preferably, the main body of the club head 10 is foamed of 431 stainless steel or 8620 stainless steel. In some embodiments, the main body of the club head is integrally or unitarily formed, while in other embodiments, the main body is formed of plural components that are welded together or otherwise permanently associated with each other. For example, in some embodiments, the club head 10 is formed of a main body of a first material, and a striking wall (including the striking face 16) of a second material different from the first, and welded to the main body.
Referring to
Referring specifically to
Referring specifically to
In alternative embodiments, the golf club head 10 is of a type other than an iron-type as described above. Nonetheless, the type and, relatedly, the loft angle of the golf club head 10 are preferably selected such that the effect of any imposed surface texture described below, on ball trajectory, is desirable. For example, backspin production is generally a more desirable feature of high-lofted iron-type clubs and wedges. As the golfer nears the pin, precision in golf shots generally becomes more critical than other considerations, such as distance. As another example of desirability, the effect of traction between a striking face and a golf ball is understood to categorically differ between differently-lofted club heads. Golf balls, over the duration of contact with a club head having a relatively low loft angle, have been observed to follow a retrograde motion, i.e., they travel upwardly, change course, and return downwardly, resulting in forward spin. Golf balls, over the duration of contact with a club head having a relatively high loft angle, have been observed to travel only upwardly, resulting in backspin. Because of these considerations, the striking face surface textures variously described below are preferably applied to a club head of a loft angle no less than about 15°, more preferably no less than about 18 °, and even more preferably no less than about 35° (e.g. a wedge-type golf club head).
As shown in
The striking face 16 is also provided with a first textured surface pattern 19 comprising a first plurality of very narrow, relatively shallow grooves 20, which may be called “micro-grooves.” The first plurality of micro-grooves 20, which may be formed by precision mechanical milling (e.g., CNC milling), is advantageously formed as a pattern of substantially parallel, arcuate lines intersecting the score lines 18. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that such parallel arcuate grooves, when formed by a conventional milling process, will tend to slightly converge in the heelward and toeward directions. In the present disclosure such arcuate grooves are still considered substantially parallel despite the slight convergence,
In the illustrated embodiments, each of the arcuate micro-grooves 20 follows an arcuate path having a radius of curvature. As such, each arcuate path is a portion of a circular arc, and the radius is taken from a center point of the circle, which can be termed a center of curvature. Thus, in this disclosure a center of curvature can be a center point from which the radius of curvature of a particular arcuate path is taken, so that the arcuate path curves about its center of curvature.
In the illustrated embodiment, preferably the radius of curvature of each arcuate micro-groove 20 is substantially the same. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature is between about 2-4 inches, and more preferably is about 3 inches. As such, a center of curvature of each micro-groove would not be on the striking face 16. In the illustrated embodiment each of the arcuate micro-grooves 20 follows an arcuate path that is generally convex relative to the virtual ground plane 50. Such paths each have a center of curvature that is spaced from the striking face 16 and below the virtual ground plane 50. In some embodiments the micro-grooves can follow an arcuate path that is generally concave relative to the virtual ground plan 50. Such paths could each have a center of curvature above the striking face 16. In still other embodiments the micro-grooves could be tilted so as to be concave or convex relative to, for example, the first virtual vertical plane 74.
It is to be understood that, in other embodiments, the arcuate paths of the micro-grooves 20 may not all have the same radius of curvature. For example, in some embodiments each of the micro-grooves may curve about the same center. In still other embodiments, the arcuate paths of the micro-grooves may be generally parabolic.
The first textured surface pattern 19 formed by the micro-grooves 20 preferably covers at least the central region 68 of the striking face, and preferably extends at least partly into the toe region 78. More preferably, the first textured surface pattern 19 extends at least partly into the toe region 78 and the heel region 86. Preferably, the first textured pattern extends toward the toe portion past the uppermost point 82 of the club head 10 (see
The micro-grooves 20 preferably have an average depth (measured in accordance with depth d as shown in
The striking face 16 is further provided with a second textured surface pattern superimposed on the first textured surface pattern 19 at least in the region of the striking face occupied by the score lines 18 (i.e. the central region 68). The second textured surface pattern is advantageously provided by a series of textured or roughened regions, each of which is formed between an adjacent pair of score lines 18. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the textured or roughened regions are formed as a plurality of interposed textured surface treatment regions 22, with at least one, and preferably two or more, of the plurality of the textured surface treatment regions 22 formed between each adjacent pair of score lines 18. The textured surface treatment regions 22 are advantageously configured and formed as horizontal etch lines, as described in detail below. In some embodiments, as shown e.g. in
Preferably, the club head 10 includes the textured surface treatment regions 22 in a repetitive pattern having a surface density of four such regions 22 extending horizontally between each pair of the score lines 18. In alternative embodiments, the textured surface treatment regions 22 are generally linear and extend obliquely, i.e. at an angle relative to the ground plane 50 (e.g. between 5° and 25°, measured in the striking face plane 56), when the club head 10 is in the reference position. In yet other embodiments, the textured surface treatment regions 22 follow an arcuate path and/or an intermittent path. However, the textured surface treatment regions 22 preferably extend horizontally, and in parallel relation to each other. These configurations and orientations aid a golfer in aligning the club head 10 and avoid—in combination with the first textured surface pattern (e.g. the micro-grooves 20)—an interference pattern that may distract or irritate the golfer, thus negatively affecting performance. Preferably, the interposed textured surface treatment regions 22 are spaced from any score lines 18. This provides for maintained structural integrity of, and thus an enduring effect on performance by, the score lines 18.
An exemplary textured striking face configuration is shown in
In any previously-described embodiment, each textured surface treatment region 22 is defined as a region of the striking face having textural characteristics that contrast with the general texture of its surrounding area, which texture generally corresponds to the process by which it is formed. In addition, preferably, each textured surface treatment region also constitutes a coterminous region that is visually distinct from its surrounding area, such as, for example, having a distinct color, light reflectance property, or other visual quality.
The textured surface treatment regions 22 are preferably of a scale less than that of the score lines 18, to ensure that the configuration of the striking face 16 conforms to USGA regulations. For example, the textured surface treatment regions 22 preferably each have an average width (measured in accordance with w1 of
Superimposing the second textured surface pattern on the first textured surface pattern 19 increases the value of Rt of the striking face 16 from Rt1 to a higher value (Rt2). Therefore, the dimensions of the textured surface treatment regions 22 of the second textured surface pattern should be selected so that Rt2 does not exceed the above-noted maximum permitted value of R1.
The textured surface treatment regions 22 of the second textured surface pattern may be mechanically milled, but, as described below, in a preferred embodiment, they are laser-etched into the striking face 16. One advantage of laser etching is believed to be that the surface texture created by the removal of metal (e.g. by vaporization and/or by sloughing off micro-flakes) by the laser in forming the textured surface treatment regions 22 provides a particularly effective spin-enhancing frictional engagement with the elastomer coating of a struck golf ball. Moreover, laser-etching, as combined with the mechanical milling used to form the first textured surface pattern (i.e., the micro-grooves 20), allows the value of Rt to be controlled quite precisely, and it reduces the dispersion of the values of Ra, thereby allowing the value of Ra achieved by milling the micro-grooves 20 to assume an average value closer to the above-noted maximum permitted value. Laser etching also, by its nature, constitutes a localized heat treating operation. Thus, the regions structurally affected by the laser etching process, i.e. the textured surface treatment regions 22, also constitute coterminous heat-treated regions.
Alternative, or additional, processes for forming the textured surface treatment regions 22, which may achieve one or more of the above advantages, include chemical etching, local media blasting (e.g. peening or sandblasting), local oxidizing or other chemical roughening process, micro-milling, or local coating of the striking face 16 with a rough material.
Referring to
In step 102, a club head body is cast. In alternative embodiments, a main body is formed by forging and/or machining. Once formed, in step 104, the club head body optionally undergoes a heat treatment process, whereby the club head body is case-hardened. Alternatively, or in addition, the club head body is cold-worked or otherwise forged to more advantageously tailor the body's material properties.
Next, in step 106, the main body is optionally polished by means of a sandblasting process (or other media blasting process). This step 106 helps to remove any burrs or flashing that may have resulting from the casting operation. In addition, the sandblasting process provides a foundation for an aesthetically pleasing final product.
Once sandblasted, in step 108, the main body undergoes a preliminary milling operation particularly directed at the striking face 16. The preliminary milling operation is preferably carried out using a machine bit, feed rate, and spin rate such that a resulting roughness value, e.g. Ra value, is relatively low (e.g. an Ra value less than 0.0033 mm or 130 μin.). In practical terms, this process is carried out as to preferably not result in any visually discernible ridges (e.g. using a cutting bit having a profile of a sufficiently high radius of curvature). In this manner, further texture-enhancing processes may effect a final striking face 16 having metrological properties closer to target and more consistent from sample to sample.
After the preliminary milling operation of step 108, the striking face 16 is milled under a different set of machining parameters to provide a milled surface having different visual and tactual characteristics, e.g. to produce the micro-grooves 20 discussed above, in step 110.
In the embodiments discussed above, the second textured surface pattern is superimposed on the first textured surface pattern 19. It is to be understood, however, that in other embodiments the first textured surface pattern may have other shapes and configurations. It is to be understood that the above-described principles also will apply to such other embodiments.
With reference again to
The second micro-grooves 220 of the second milling pattern preferably are arranged in a pattern of generally parallel, arcuate lines. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that such arcuate grooves, when formed by a conventional milling process, will tend to slightly converge in the heelward and toeward directions. In
Continuing with reference to
With continued reference to
As discussed above, preferably the second micro-grooves 220 are deeper than the first micro-grooves 20. For example, in some embodiments the depth d2 of the second micro-grooves 220 is 1.1-3 times the depth d of the first micro-grooves 20. More preferably depth d2 is 1.2-2 times, and most preferably 1.5-1.7 times depth d. Specifically, with reference to
In some embodiments the average width of the second micro-grooves 220 is selected to be a whole number multiple of the average width of the first micro-grooves. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, as shown in
It is to be understood that, in further embodiments, the second milling pattern may not be so similar to the first milling pattern. For example, in some embodiments, the second micro-grooves 220 may not be parallel to the first micro-grooves 20. For example, in contrast to first micro-grooves 20, second micro-grooves may have different radii of curvature, may be concave or convex relative to the virtual ground plane or relative to the virtual vertical planes 74, 76, may have widths that are not whole number multiples of the widths of the first micro-grooves, may be thinner and/or shallower than the first micro-grooves 20, may be formed using a different milling bit and thus have a different profile radius than the first micro-grooves 20, and such.
Further, in other embodiments the first and second micro-grooves may be formed by procedures other than milling. For example, in some embodiments a first textured surface pattern 219, made up of a second micro-groove pattern superimposed on a first micro-groove pattern, can be stamped into the striking face 16 of the club head body.
As with the embodiments discussed above in connection with
With reference next to
Referring next to FIGS. 8 and 15-15B, in another embodiment, after the second texture-generating face milling operation 130 is completed, a third texture-generating face milling operation 140 can be performed in which a plurality of third micro-grooves 320 are milled into the striking face 16. The third micro-grooves 320 preferably are milled in a third milling pattern (also referred to as a third micro-groove pattern), which is superimposed on the first and second milling patterns to form another embodiment of first textured surface pattern 319. As shown in
In the illustrated embodiment, the third micro-grooves 320 of the third milling pattern are arranged in a pattern of parallel, arcuate lines that substantially mirror the second micro-grooves 220 of the second milling pattern. More specifically, the third milling pattern is identical to the second milling pattern, but rotated 180° so as to be concave relative to the virtual ground plane. For example, the third micro-grooves 320 have the same depth, width and spacing as the second micro-grooves 220, and even have the same arcuate shape (e.g., same radii of curvature) except for the 180° rotation. The third micro-grooves 320 can even be formed using the same or a similarly-shaped milling bit as was used to form the second micro-grooves 220 and/or first micro-grooves 20.
With specific reference to
In the embodiment illustrated in
Preferably, each of the depth, width, and spacing of the second micro-grooves 220 is greater than the depth, width and spacing of the first micro-grooves 20, and each of the depth, width and spacing of the third micro-grooves 320 is no less than the depth, width and spacing of the second micro-grooves 220. In the illustrated embodiment the second and third micro-grooves 220, 320 have the same depth, width and spacing, maintaining the same milling depth, and feed rate as was used to form the second micro-grooves 220. In the illustrated embodiment each of the first, second and third micro-grooves 20, 220, 320 also have substantially the same radius of curvature. In other embodiments the third micro-grooves are greater than the second micro-grooves in one or more of the depth, width and/or spacing. Additionally, the third micro-grooves can be formed using a different milling bit than is used to form either of the first and second micro-grooves, and thus may have a different profile.
In further embodiments, the third micro-groove pattern may have a shape strikingly different than either the first or second micro-groove pattern. For example, the third micro-grooves may have centers of curvature that are offset more or less than 180° relative to the centers of curvature of the first and/or second micro-grooves. As such, the third micro-grooves may be concave or convex relative to a plane other than the virtual ground plane. Also, the third micro-grooves may have radii of curvature that are substantially different from the radii of curvature of the first and/or second micro-grooves.
In yet other embodiments the first, second and/or third micro-grooves may be formed by procedures other than milling, such as, for example, stamping. Also, it is to be understood that other embodiments of the first textured surface pattern may have more than three micro-groove patterns, such as having four, five or more micro-groove patterns. In such embodiments, all, some, or none of the micro-groove patterns may share one or more characteristics such as concavity/convexity, radius of curvature, depth, width, spacing, profile radius or the like.
In still another embodiment of the first textured surface pattern, only the second and third micro-groove patterns as discussed herein are formed on the striking face 16, and not the first micro-groove pattern. In one such embodiment, then, the overlaid second and third micro-groove patterns are 180° opposite to one another.
Yet further, as with embodiments discussed above, the first textured surface pattern, regardless of whether it is made up of two, three or more micro-groove patterns, can cover at least the central region 68 of the striking face, and preferably extends at least partly into the toe region 78. More preferably, the first textured surface pattern extends at least partly into both the toe region 78 and the heel region 86. Preferably, the first textured pattern extends toward the toe portion past the uppermost point 82 of the club head 10 (see
As noted previously, the dimensions of the first and second micro-grooves 20, 220 and the spacing between them will have a significant effect on the value of Ra of the striking face. Thus, these dimensional parameters must be selected so that the maximum permitted value of Ra noted above is not exceeded. However, because of normal surface variation and machine tolerances, a sample pool of club heads having micro-grooves intended to effect a specific target surface roughness Ra value may likely effect surface roughness Ra values dispersed about a range. Consequently, as a practical matter, the first textured surface pattern is preferably selected to produce an average value of Ra close to, but still somewhat less than, the desired optimal value of Ra. Likewise, the first textured surface pattern also produces a first value of Rt, (which may be termed “Rt1”), that may advantageously be somewhat less than, the desired optimum value of Rt.
In some embodiments, an additional sandblasting operation is carried out in step 122. It may be advantageous to treat the striking face by conventional sandblasting, preferably immediately after the mechanical milling steps (steps 108 and 110, and optionally 130 and/or 140 ). Sandblasting may be performed for a variety of reasons, such as providing a particular aesthetic appearance, and deburring and cleaning the striking face after the milling step is performed. There are data indicating that sandblasting may increase the value of Rt, thus requiring a corresponding adjustment of parameters used in the laser etching step to assure that the maximum permitted value of this parameter is not exceeded. After such sandblasting, these roughness values were increased by about 0.00013 mm to 0.00026 mm (5 to 10 μin.), preferably to about 0.0033 mm (130 μin.) (Ra) and about 0.018 mm (725 μin.) (Rt). Subsequent polishing may be carried out to more sharply define the edges of the region of the striking face 16 occupied by the arcuate micro-grooves 20. In some embodiments, as shown, this first texture region is cut off sharply, forming a vertical boundary, proximate the heel portion 12 of the club head 10.
Next, the score lines 18 are formed on the striking face 16, forming an intermediate club head body configuration as shown in
In some embodiments, after the score lines 18 are formed, the club head 10, or just the striking face 16, may optionally be plated or coated with a metallic layer, or treated chemically or thermally. Such treatments are well-known, and may enhance the aesthetic qualities of the club, and/or one or more utilitarian aspects of the club (such as durability or rust-resistance). For example, in some embodiments, in step 114, the club head 10 is nickel-plated and optionally subsequently chrome-plated in step 116. Such plating enhances the rust-resistance characteristics of the club head. Further, such plating improves the aesthetic quality of the club head 10, and it may serve as a substrate for any future laser etching process. Plating selection is also believed to have an effect on the visual and/or textural characteristics of subsequently-formed laser-etched regions superimposed thereon. Optionally, subsequent to the nickel- and chrome- plating steps 114 and 116, the striking face undergoes a physical vapor deposition (“PVD” herein) process. Preferably, the PVD operation results in a layer that comprises either a pure metal or a metal/non-metal compound. Preferably, the PVD-formed layer comprises a metal comprising at least one of: vanadium, chromium, zirconium, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, and tungsten. More preferably, the PVD-applied layer is characterized as a nitride, a carbide, an oxide, or a carbonitride. For example, a layer of any of zirconium nitride, chromium nitride, and titanium carbide may be applied, depending on the desired visual effect (e.g. color) and/or material properties. Preferably, the PVD operation results in a layer of titanium carbide. This process enhances the aesthetic quality of the club head 10, while also increasing the durability of the striking face 16.
Next, a laser etching operation 120 is carried out, thus forming the textured surface treatment regions 22. For example,
In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, two or more substantially parallel textured surface treatment regions 22 are formed between each adjacent pair of score lines 18, and several more textured surface treatment regions 22 are advantageously formed both above an uppermost score line 18a and below a lowermost score line 18b (see
After laser etching, the value of Ra may not be appreciably increased, but other benefits are suggested by empirical data of the combined effect of the laser-etched regions and the mechanically milled regions. For example, this combination appears to provide a low-cost resultant texture that bears a narrower margin of error of roughness over a sample set as compared with mechanical milling alone. Because of a smaller tolerance window, the target Ra can, be raised closer to the maximum under USGA regulations. Preferably, the final striking face surface roughness (Ra) is within the range of 0.0030 mm (120 μin.) and 0.0047 mm (185 μin.). Also, the value of Rt was increased to as much as about 0.024 mm (950 μin.), thus providing for consistently approaching the maximum Rt limit set by the USGA.
In the exemplary embodiment, each of the textured surface treatment regions 22 is formed as a series of etched lines by a pulsed laser, preferably with a wavelength within the range of about 900 nm to about 1200 nm, more preferably within the range of about 1000 nm to about 1100 nm, and most preferably equal to about 1064 nm. Each of the etched lines is preferably formed by a first pass of the laser head in a first direction, and a second pass in the opposite direction. The power, pulse rate, and linear speed of the laser head will depend on the particular surface treatment of the striking face. For example, if the striking face 16 is subjected to physical vapor deposition (PVD) (e.g. in step 118), the first pass may be performed at a pulse rate of 20 KHz, a power of about 4.2 KW, and a linear speed of 800 mm/sec, while the second pass may be performed at a pulse rate of 10 KHz, a power of about 3.5 KW, and a linear speed of 180 mm/sec. For a chrome-plated striking face, the first pass may be performed at a pulse rate of 10 KHz, a power of about 3.5 KW, and a linear speed of 180 mm/sec, while the second pass may be performed at a pulse rate of 20 KHz, a power of about 4.2 KW, and a linear speed of 800 mm/sec. Using these laser settings, a value of Rt very close to 0.025 mm (1000 μin.) can be achieved (e.g., about 950 μin. or 0.024 mm) with the etched lines having the following physical parameters (and assuming a milled texture in accordance with the design parameters described above):
It will be understood that lasers with different operational parameters (e.g., wavelength, power, pulse rate, and/or linear head speed) from those described above in the exemplary embodiment may be used to achieve values of Rt that are close to, but that do not exceed, the above-noted maximum permitted value. Also, the distance between adjacent laser-etched regions corresponds to the distance S of
The above description presents the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use this invention. This invention is, however, susceptible to modifications and alternate constructions from that discussed above that are fully equivalent. Consequently, this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. On the contrary, this invention covers all modifications and alternate constructions coming within the spirit and scope of the invention as generally expressed by the following claims, which particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter of the invention.
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/174,671, filed Feb. 6, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/829,238, filed on Mar. 14, 2013, which claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/754,302, filed on Jan. 18, 2013. The subject matter of each of the priority applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61754302 | Jan 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14174671 | Feb 2014 | US |
| Child | 14482896 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13829238 | Mar 2013 | US |
| Child | 14174671 | US |
